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Kovela S, Karad S, Tatipudi VVG, Arumugam K, Somwanshi AV, Muthukumar M, Mathur A, Tester R. Synthesis of diversely substituted quinazoline-2,4(1 H,3 H)-diones by cyclization of tert-butyl (2-cyanoaryl)carbamates. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6495-6499. [PMID: 39082801 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00885e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of diversely substituted quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones by cyclization of tert-butyl (2-cyanoaryl)carbamates using readily accessible Boc protected o-amino nitriles is reported. The reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature using 1 equiv. of H2O2 under basic conditions. This reaction is compatible with a variety of aromatic/heteroaromatic substrates with different functional groups. This strategy can be utilized for the simplified synthesis of goshuyuamide II and an alkaloid isolated from Zanthoxylum arborescens in good yields. This method was also applied to the synthesis of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones that are precursors of medicinally important compounds: alfuzosin, terazosin, prazosin, IAAP, doxazosin, FK 366 (zenarestat) and KF31327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kovela
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560099, India.
| | - Somnath Karad
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560099, India.
| | - V V Ganesh Tatipudi
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560099, India.
| | - Karthikeyan Arumugam
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560099, India.
| | - Atul Vijay Somwanshi
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560099, India.
| | - M Muthukumar
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560099, India.
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
| | - Richland Tester
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
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Velty A, Corma A. Advanced zeolite and ordered mesoporous silica-based catalysts for the conversion of CO 2 to chemicals and fuels. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1773-1946. [PMID: 36786224 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
For many years, capturing, storing or sequestering CO2 from concentrated emission sources or from air has been a powerful technique for reducing atmospheric CO2. Moreover, the use of CO2 as a C1 building block to mitigate CO2 emissions and, at the same time, produce sustainable chemicals or fuels is a challenging and promising alternative to meet global demand for chemicals and energy. Hence, the chemical incorporation and conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals has received much attention in the last decade, since CO2 is an abundant, inexpensive, nontoxic, nonflammable, and renewable one-carbon building block. Nevertheless, CO2 is the most oxidized form of carbon, thermodynamically the most stable form and kinetically inert. Consequently, the chemical conversion of CO2 requires highly reactive, rich-energy substrates, highly stable products to be formed or harder reaction conditions. The use of catalysts constitutes an important tool in the development of sustainable chemistry, since catalysts increase the rate of the reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy in the reaction. Therefore, special attention has been paid to catalysis, and in particular to heterogeneous catalysis because of its environmentally friendly and recyclable nature attributed to simple separation and recovery, as well as its applicability to continuous reactor operations. Focusing on heterogeneous catalysts, we decided to center on zeolite and ordered mesoporous materials due to their high thermal and chemical stability and versatility, which make them good candidates for the design and development of catalysts for CO2 conversion. In the present review, we analyze the state of the art in the last 25 years and the potential opportunities for using zeolite and OMS (ordered mesoporous silica) based materials to convert CO2 into valuable chemicals essential for our daily lives and fuels, and to pave the way towards reducing carbon footprint. In this review, we have compiled, to the best of our knowledge, the different reactions involving catalysts based on zeolites and OMS to convert CO2 into cyclic and dialkyl carbonates, acyclic carbamates, 2-oxazolidones, carboxylic acids, methanol, dimethylether, methane, higher alcohols (C2+OH), C2+ (gasoline, olefins and aromatics), syngas (RWGS, dry reforming of methane and alcohols), olefins (oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes) and simple fuels by photoreduction. The use of advanced zeolite and OMS-based materials, and the development of new processes and technologies should provide a new impulse to boost the conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Velty
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
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Ito Y, Masaki Y, Kanamori T, Ohkubo A, Seio K, Sekine M. Synthesis of 5-[3-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)aminopropyn-1-yl]uracil derivative that recognizes Ade-Thy base pairs in double-stranded DNA. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:194-6. [PMID: 26602276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
5-[3-(2-Aminopyrimidin-4-yl)aminopropyn-1-yl]uracil (Ura(Pyr)) was designed as a new nucleobase to recognize Ade-Thy base pair in double-stranded DNA. We successfully synthesized the dexoynucleoside phosphoramidite having Ura(Pyr) and incorporated it into triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFOs). Melting temperature analysis revealed that introduction of Ura(Pyr) into TFOs could effectively stabilize their triplex structures without loss of base recognition capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ito
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Masaki
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanamori
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohkubo
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kohji Seio
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Mitsuo Sekine
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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Chien TC, Chen CS, Chern JW. Nucleosides XIII. Facile Synthesis of 4-Amino-1-(2-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)quinazolin-2-one as a 2′-Deoxycytidine Analog for Oligonucleotide Synthesis. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200500178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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5
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Li P, Zhan C, Zhang S, Ding X, Guo F, He S, Yao J. Alkali metal cations control over nucleophilic substitutions on aromatic fused pyrimidine-2,4-[1H,3H]-diones: towards new PNA monomers. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Holzberger B, Strohmeier J, Siegmund V, Diederichsen U, Marx A. Enzymatic synthesis of 8-vinyl- and 8-styryl-2'-deoxyguanosine modified DNA--novel fluorescent molecular probes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3136-9. [PMID: 22483394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent analogs of the natural nucleobases are widely used as molecular probes for investigating DNA hybridization and topology. In this study the guanosine analogs 8-vinyl- and 8-styryl-2'-deoxyguanosine were synthesized and converted into the corresponding 5'-triphosphates. These C8 modified nucleotides were processed by various DNA polymerases to create fluorescent DNA. Whereas the 8-styryl modified nucleotide somewhat hampers DNA synthesis 8-vinyl-2'-deoxyguanosine is processed by DNA polymerases emphasizing the broad applicability as a molecular probe for fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Holzberger
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Nadler A, Strohmeier J, Diederichsen U. 8-Vinyl-2'-deoxyguanosine as a fluorescent 2'-deoxyguanosine mimic for investigating DNA hybridization and topology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5392-6. [PMID: 21542071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Nadler
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Nadler A, Strohmeier J, Diederichsen U. 8-Vinyl-2′-desoxyguanosin als fluoreszierendes 2′-Desoxyguanosin- Analogon zur Untersuchung von DNA-Hybridisierung und Topologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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9
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Jiarong L, Xian C, Daxin S, Shuling M, Qing L, Qi Z, Jianhong T. A New and Facile Synthesis of Quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones. Org Lett 2009; 11:1193-6. [PMID: 19239261 DOI: 10.1021/ol900093h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiarong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 100081
| | - Chen Xian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 100081
| | - Shi Daxin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 100081
| | - Ma Shuling
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 100081
| | - Li Qing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 100081
| | - Zhang Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 100081
| | - Tang Jianhong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 100081
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Rolland V, Kotera M, Lhomme J. Convenient Preparation of 2-Deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-α-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl Chloride. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919708007071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Rolland
- a LEDSS , UMR 5616, CNRS, BP53, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041, GRENOBLE, France
| | - Mitsuharu Kotera
- a LEDSS , UMR 5616, CNRS, BP53, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041, GRENOBLE, France
| | - Jean Lhomme
- a LEDSS , UMR 5616, CNRS, BP53, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041, GRENOBLE, France
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Petrov JS, Andreev GN. SYNTHESIS OF 2,4(1H,3H)-QUINAZOLINEDIONE AND 3-SUBSTITUTED 2,4(1H,3H)-QUINAZOLINEDIONES. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940509354986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Rusling DA, Powers VEC, Ranasinghe RT, Wang Y, Osborne SD, Brown T, Fox KR. Four base recognition by triplex-forming oligonucleotides at physiological pH. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:3025-32. [PMID: 15911633 PMCID: PMC1137030 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Revised: 04/29/2005] [Accepted: 05/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have achieved recognition of all 4 bp by triple helix formation at physiological pH, using triplex-forming oligonucleotides that contain four different synthetic nucleotides. BAU [2'-aminoethoxy-5-(3-aminoprop-1-ynyl)uridine] recognizes AT base pairs with high affinity, (Me)P (3-methyl-2 aminopyridine) binds to GC at higher pHs than cytosine, while (A)PP (6-(3-aminopropyl)-7-methyl-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(7H)-one) and S [N-(4-(3-acetamidophenyl)thiazol-2-yl-acetamide)] bind to CG and TA base pairs, respectively. Fluorescence melting and DNase I footprinting demonstrate successful triplex formation at a 19mer oligopurine sequence that contains two CG and two TA interruptions. The complexes are pH dependent, but are still stable at pH 7.0. BAU, (Me)P and (A)PP retain considerable selectivity, and single base pair changes opposite these residues cause a large reduction in affinity. In contrast, S is less selective and tolerates CG pairs as well as TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Rusling
- School of Biological Sciences, University of SouthamptonBassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of SouthamptonHighfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Vicki E. C. Powers
- School of Chemistry, University of SouthamptonHighfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rohan T. Ranasinghe
- School of Chemistry, University of SouthamptonHighfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of SouthamptonHighfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Sadie D. Osborne
- School of Chemistry, University of SouthamptonHighfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Tom Brown
- School of Chemistry, University of SouthamptonHighfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Keith R. Fox
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 23 8059 4374; Fax: +44 23 8059 4459;
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Liu H, Gao J, Maynard L, Saito YD, Kool ET. Toward a new genetic system with expanded dimensions: size-expanded analogues of deoxyadenosine and thymidine. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:1102-9. [PMID: 14746479 DOI: 10.1021/ja038384r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the design, preparation, and properties of two key building blocks of a size-expanded genetic system. Nucleoside analogues of the natural nucleosides dA and dT are reported in which the fusion of a benzo ring increases their size by ca. 2.4 A. The expanded dA analogue (dxA), having a tricyclic base, was first reported by Leonard nearly three decades ago. We describe a shortened and more efficient approach to this compound. The expanded dT analogue (dxT), a methylquinazolinedione C-glycoside, was previously unknown; we describe its preparation in eight steps from 5-methylanthranilic acid. The key glycoside bond formation employed Pd-mediated coupling of an aryl iodide precursor with a dihydrofuran derivative of deoxyribose. Both nucleosides are shown to be efficient fluorophores, emitting light in the blue-violet range. The base-protected phosphoramidite derivatives were prepared, and short oligonucleotides containing them were characterized. The two size-expanded nucleosides are key components of a new four-base genetic system designed to form helical paired structures having a diameter greater than that of natural DNA. Elements of the design of this expanded genetic molecule, termed xDNA, are discussed, including the possibility of up to eight base pairs of information storage capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA
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Liu H, Gao J, Lynch SR, Saito YD, Maynard L, Kool ET. A four-base paired genetic helix with expanded size. Science 2003; 302:868-71. [PMID: 14593180 DOI: 10.1126/science.1088334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new molecular class of genetic-pairing system that has a native DNA backbone but has all four base pairs replaced by new, larger pairs. The base pairs include size-expanded analogs of thymine and of adenine, both extended by the width of a benzene ring (2.4 A). The expanded-diameter double helices are more thermodynamically stable than the Watson-Crick helix, likely because of enhanced base stacking. Structural data confirm a right-handed, double-stranded, and base-paired helical form. Because of the larger base size, all the pairs of this helical system are fluorescent, which suggests practical applications in detection of natural DNA and RNA. Our findings establish that there is no apparent structural or thermodynamic prohibition against genetic systems having sizes different from the natural one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080, USA
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Abstract
DNA is not only a carrier of genetic information, but it is also a versatile supramolecular scaffold, arranging smaller organic structures into predesigned geometries. Herein are discussed molecular strategies in which the natural DNA bases on the sugar-phosphate backbone are replaced by other molecules. Some of the base replacements under study include fluorophores, ligands for metals, helix stabilizers, and DNA base shape mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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Sollogoub M, Darby RAJ, Cuenoud B, Brown T, Fox KR. Stable DNA triple helix formation using oligonucleotides containing 2'-aminoethoxy,5-propargylamino-U. Biochemistry 2002; 41:7224-31. [PMID: 12044153 DOI: 10.1021/bi020164n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared oligonucleotides containing the novel base analogue 2'-aminoethoxy,5-propargylamino-U in place of thymidine and examined their ability to form intermolecular and intramolecular triple helices by DNase I footprinting and thermal melting studies. The results were compared with those for oligonucleotides containing 5-propargylamino-dU and 2'-aminoethoxy-T. We find that the bis-substituted derivative produces a large increase in triplex stability, much greater than that produced by either of the monosubstituted analogues, which are roughly equipotent with each other. Intermolecular triplexes with 9-mer oligonucleotides containing three or four base modifications generate footprints at submicromolar concentrations even at pH 7.5, in contrast to the unmodified oligonucleotide, which failed to produce a footprint at pH 5.0, even at 30 microM. UV- and fluorescence melting studies with intramolecular triplexes confirmed that the bis-modified base produces a much greater increase in T(m) than either modification alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Sollogoub
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Godde F, Toulmé JJ, Moreau S. 4-amino-1H-benzo[g]quinazoline-2-one: a fluorescent analog of cytosine to probe protonation sites in triplex forming oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:2977-85. [PMID: 10908362 PMCID: PMC102686 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.15.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a new fluorescent analog of cytosine, the 4-amino-1H-benzo[g]quinazoline-2-one, which constitute a probe sensitive to pH. The 2'-O-Me ribonucleoside derivative of this heterocycle was synthesized and exhibited a fluorescence emission centered at 456 nm, characterized by four major excitation maxima (250, 300, 320 and 370 nm) and a fluorescence quantum yield of Phi = 0.62 at pH 7.1. The fluorescence emission maximum shifted from 456 to 492 nm when pH was decreased from 7.1 to 2.1. The pK(a) (4) was close to that of cytosine (4.17). When introduced in triplex forming oligonucleotides this new nucleoside can be used to reveal the protonation state of triplets in triple-stranded structures. Complex formation was detected by a significant quenching of fluorescence emission (approximately 88%) and the N-3 protonation of the quinazoline ring by a shift of the emission maximum from 485 to 465 nm. Using this probe we unambiguously showed that triplex formation of the pyrimidine motif does not require the protonation of all 4-amino-2-one pyrimidine rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Godde
- INSERM U-386, IFR Pathologies Infectieuses, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Université Victor Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Godde F, Aupeix K, Moreau S, Toulmé JJ. A fluorescent base analog for probing triple helix formation. ANTISENSE & NUCLEIC ACID DRUG DEVELOPMENT 1998; 8:469-76. [PMID: 9918111 DOI: 10.1089/oli.1.1998.8.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[g]quinazoline-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione (BgQ), a fluorescent thymine analog, was incorporated into an oligopyrimidine (III) able to give rise to a triple-stranded structure by clamping a purine 11-mer (I). The formation of the I-III complex resulted in both a shift of the fluorescence emission maximum and a decreased fluorescence intensity. No such variations were observed on the formation of a Watson-Crick duplex between I and the complementary strand in which a T residue was substituted for BgQ. Therefore, the fluorescence emission of BgQ can be used to selectively monitor the formation of triple helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Godde
- INSERM U 386, IFR Pathologies Infectieuses, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France
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Luyten I, Herdewijn P. Hybridization properties of base-modified oligonucleotides within the double and triple helix motif. Eur J Med Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(98)80016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Michel J, Gueguen G, Vercauteren J, Moreau S. Triplex stability of oligodeoxynucleotides containing substituted quinazoline-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
The presence of folded regions in RNA competes with the binding of a complementary oligonucleotide, resulting in a weak antisense effect. Due to the key role played by a number of RNA structures in the natural regulation of gene expression it might be of interest to design antisense sequences able to selectively interact with such motifs in order to interfere with the biological processes they mediate. Different possibilities have been explored. A high affinity oligomer will disrupt the structure; if the target structure is solved one can take advantage of unpaired bases (bulges, loops) to minimize the thermodynamic cost of the binding. Alternatively, the folded structure can be accommodated within the complex via the formation of a local triple helix. Oligomers able to adapt to the RNA structure (aptamers) can be extracted by in vitro selection from randomly synthesized libraries comprising several billions of sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Toulmé
- INSERM U386, IFR Pathologies Infectieuses, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France
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