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Xu F, Suyama R, Inada T, Kawaguchi S, Kai T. HemK2 functions for sufficient protein synthesis and RNA stability through eRF1 methylation during Drosophila oogenesis. Development 2024; 151:dev202795. [PMID: 38881530 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
HemK2 is a highly conserved methyltransferase, but the identification of its genuine substrates has been controversial, and its biological importance in higher organisms remains unclear. We elucidate the role of HemK2 in the methylation of eukaryotic Release Factor 1 (eRF1), a process that is essential for female germline development in Drosophila melanogaster. Knockdown of hemK2 in the germline cells (hemK2-GLKD) induces apoptosis, accompanied by a pronounced decrease in both eRF1 methylation and protein synthesis. Overexpression of a methylation-deficient eRF1 variant recapitulates the defects observed in hemK2-GLKD, suggesting that eRF1 is a primary methylation target of HemK2. Furthermore, hemK2-GLKD leads to a significant reduction in mRNA levels in germline cell. These defects in oogenesis and protein synthesis can be partially restored by inhibiting the No-Go Decay pathway. In addition, hemK2 knockdown is associated with increased disome formation, suggesting that disruptions in eRF1 methylation may provoke ribosomal stalling, which subsequently activates translation-coupled mRNA surveillance mechanisms that degrade actively translated mRNAs. We propose that HemK2-mediated methylation of eRF1 is crucial for ensuring efficient protein production and mRNA stability, which are vital for the generation of high-quality eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Xu
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Suyama
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Inada
- Division of RNA and Gene regulation, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshie Kai
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Cui L, Zheng J, Lin Y, Lin P, Lu Y, Zheng Y, Guo B, Zhao X. Decoding the ribosome's hidden language: rRNA modifications as key players in cancer dynamics and targeted therapies. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1705. [PMID: 38797935 PMCID: PMC11128715 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) modifications, essential components of ribosome structure and function, significantly impact cellular proteomics and cancer biology. These chemical modifications transcend structural roles, critically shaping ribosome functionality and influencing cellular protein profiles. In this review, the mechanisms by which rRNA modifications regulate both rRNA functions and broader cellular physiological processes are critically discussed. Importantly, by altering the translational output, rRNA modifications can shift the cellular equilibrium towards oncogenesis, thus playing a key role in cancer development and progression. Moreover, a special focus is placed on the functions of mitochondrial rRNA modifications and their aberrant expression in cancer, an area with profound implications yet largely uncharted. Dysregulation in these modifications can lead to metabolic dysfunction and apoptosis resistance, hallmark traits of cancer cells. Furthermore, the current challenges and future perspectives in targeting rRNA modifications are highlighted as a therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. In conclusion, rRNA modifications represent a frontier in cancer research, offering novel insights and therapeutic possibilities. Understanding and harnessing these modifications can pave the way for breakthroughs in cancer treatment, potentially transforming the approach to combating this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of DentistryUniversity of
California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUSA
| | - Jiarong Zheng
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunfan Lin
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Pei Lin
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ye Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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3
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Brūmele B, Serova E, Lupp A, Suija M, Mutso M, Kurg R. Cross-Reactivity of N6AMT1 Antibodies with Aurora Kinase A: An Example of Antibody-Specific Non-Specificity. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:33. [PMID: 38804301 PMCID: PMC11130794 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary antibodies are one of the main tools used in molecular biology research. However, the often-occurring cross-reactivity of primary antibodies complicates accurate data analysis. Our results show that three commercial polyclonal antibodies raised against N-6 adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase 1 (N6AMT1) strongly cross-react with endogenous and recombinant mitosis-associated protein Aurora kinase A (AURKA). The cross-reactivity was verified through immunofluorescence, immunoblot, and immunoprecipitation assays combined with mass spectrometry. N6AMT1 and AURKA are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are vital for cellular processes. Both proteins share the motif ENNPEE, which is unique to only these two proteins. We suggest that N6AMT1 antibodies recognise this motif in N6AMT1 and AURKA proteins and exhibit an example of "specific" non-specificity. This serves as an example of the importance of controls and critical data interpretation in molecular biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiba Brūmele
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evgeniia Serova
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aleksandra Lupp
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Suija
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margit Mutso
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reet Kurg
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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4
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Mutso M, Brūmele B, Serova E, Väärtnõu F, Suija M, Kurg R. The methyltransferase N6AMT1 participates in the cell cycle by regulating cyclin E levels. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298884. [PMID: 38394175 PMCID: PMC10889616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The methyltransferase N6AMT1 has been associated with the progression of different pathological conditions, such as tumours and neurological malfunctions, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Analysis of N6AMT1-depleted cells revealed that N6AMT1 is involved in the cell cycle and cell proliferation. In N6AMT1-depleted cells, the cell doubling time was increased, and cell progression out of mitosis and the G0/G1 and S phases was disrupted. It was discovered that in N6AMT1-depleted cells, the transcription of cyclin E was downregulated, which indicates that N6AMT1 is involved in the regulation of cyclin E transcription. Understanding the functions and importance of N6AMT1 in cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation is essential for developing treatments and strategies to control diseases that are associated with N6AMT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Mutso
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Baiba Brūmele
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evgeniia Serova
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fred Väärtnõu
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Suija
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reet Kurg
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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5
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Morozumi Y, Mahayot F, Nakase Y, Soong JX, Yamawaki S, Sofyantoro F, Imabata Y, Oda AH, Tamura M, Kofuji S, Akikusa Y, Shibatani A, Ohta K, Shiozaki K. Rapamycin-sensitive mechanisms confine the growth of fission yeast below the temperatures detrimental to cell physiology. iScience 2024; 27:108777. [PMID: 38269097 PMCID: PMC10805665 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells cease to proliferate above their growth-permissible temperatures, a ubiquitous phenomenon generally attributed to heat damage to cellular macromolecules. We here report that, in the presence of rapamycin, a potent inhibitor of Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1), the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe can proliferate at high temperatures that usually arrest its growth. Consistently, mutations to the TORC1 subunit RAPTOR/Mip1 and the TORC1 substrate Sck1 significantly improve cellular heat resistance, suggesting that TORC1 restricts fission yeast growth at high temperatures. Aiming for a more comprehensive understanding of the negative regulation of high-temperature growth, we conducted genome-wide screens, which identified additional factors that suppress cell proliferation at high temperatures. Among them is Mks1, which is phosphorylated in a TORC1-dependent manner, forms a complex with the 14-3-3 protein Rad24, and suppresses the high-temperature growth independently of Sck1. Our study has uncovered unexpected mechanisms of growth restraint even below the temperatures deleterious to cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Morozumi
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Fontip Mahayot
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakase
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jia Xin Soong
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yamawaki
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Fajar Sofyantoro
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yuki Imabata
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Arisa H. Oda
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Miki Tamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kofuji
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Akikusa
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ayu Shibatani
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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6
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Wang C, Ulryck N, Herzel L, Pythoud N, Kleiber N, Guérineau V, Jactel V, Moritz C, Bohnsack M, Carapito C, Touboul D, Bohnsack K, Graille M. N 2-methylguanosine modifications on human tRNAs and snRNA U6 are important for cell proliferation, protein translation and pre-mRNA splicing. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7496-7519. [PMID: 37283053 PMCID: PMC10415138 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified nucleotides in non-coding RNAs, such as tRNAs and snRNAs, represent an important layer of gene expression regulation through their ability to fine-tune mRNA maturation and translation. Dysregulation of such modifications and the enzymes installing them have been linked to various human pathologies including neurodevelopmental disorders and cancers. Several methyltransferases (MTases) are regulated allosterically by human TRMT112 (Trm112 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae), but the interactome of this regulator and targets of its interacting MTases remain incompletely characterized. Here, we have investigated the interaction network of human TRMT112 in intact cells and identify three poorly characterized putative MTases (TRMT11, THUMPD3 and THUMPD2) as direct partners. We demonstrate that these three proteins are active N2-methylguanosine (m2G) MTases and that TRMT11 and THUMPD3 methylate positions 10 and 6 of tRNAs, respectively. For THUMPD2, we discovered that it directly associates with the U6 snRNA, a core component of the catalytic spliceosome, and is required for the formation of m2G, the last 'orphan' modification in U6 snRNA. Furthermore, our data reveal the combined importance of TRMT11 and THUMPD3 for optimal protein synthesis and cell proliferation as well as a role for THUMPD2 in fine-tuning pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule (BIOC), CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Nathalie Ulryck
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule (BIOC), CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Lydia Herzel
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Pythoud
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, IPHC UMR 7178, Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicole Kleiber
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vincent Guérineau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Jactel
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique (LSO), CNRS, École polytechnique, ENSTA, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Chloé Moritz
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, IPHC UMR 7178, Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 Strasbourg, France
| | - Markus T Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine Carapito
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, IPHC UMR 7178, Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 Strasbourg, France
| | - David Touboul
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Katherine E Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc Graille
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule (BIOC), CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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7
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Chen AY, Owens MC, Liu KF. Coordination of RNA modifications in the brain and beyond. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2737-2749. [PMID: 37138184 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression regulation is a critical process throughout the body, especially in the nervous system. One mechanism by which biological systems regulate gene expression is via enzyme-mediated RNA modifications, also known as epitranscriptomic regulation. RNA modifications, which have been found on nearly all RNA species across all domains of life, are chemically diverse covalent modifications of RNA nucleotides and represent a robust and rapid mechanism for the regulation of gene expression. Although numerous studies have been conducted regarding the impact that single modifications in single RNA molecules have on gene expression, emerging evidence highlights potential crosstalk between and coordination of modifications across RNA species. These potential coordination axes of RNA modifications have emerged as a new direction in the field of epitranscriptomic research. In this review, we will highlight several examples of gene regulation via RNA modification in the nervous system, followed by a summary of the current state of the field of RNA modification coordination axes. In doing so, we aim to inspire the field to gain a deeper understanding of the roles of RNA modifications and coordination of these modifications in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Yulin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA
| | - Michael C Owens
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kathy Fange Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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8
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Dörner K, Ruggeri C, Zemp I, Kutay U. Ribosome biogenesis factors-from names to functions. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112699. [PMID: 36762427 PMCID: PMC10068337 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of ribosomal subunits is a highly orchestrated process that involves a huge cohort of accessory factors. Most eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis factors were first identified by genetic screens and proteomic approaches of pre-ribosomal particles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Later, research on human ribosome synthesis not only demonstrated that the requirement for many of these factors is conserved in evolution, but also revealed the involvement of additional players, reflecting a more complex assembly pathway in mammalian cells. Yet, it remained a challenge for the field to assign a function to many of the identified factors and to reveal their molecular mode of action. Over the past decade, structural, biochemical, and cellular studies have largely filled this gap in knowledge and led to a detailed understanding of the molecular role that many of the players have during the stepwise process of ribosome maturation. Such detailed knowledge of the function of ribosome biogenesis factors will be key to further understand and better treat diseases linked to disturbed ribosome assembly, including ribosomopathies, as well as different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Dörner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Sciences Ph.D. Program, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Ruggeri
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,RNA Biology Ph.D. Program, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Zemp
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Kutay
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Biziaev NS, Shuvalov AV, Alkalaeva EZ. HEMK-Like Methyltransferases in the Regulation of Cellular Processes. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Kachaev ZM, Ivashchenko SD, Kozlov EN, Lebedeva LA, Shidlovskii YV. Localization and Functional Roles of Components of the Translation Apparatus in the Eukaryotic Cell Nucleus. Cells 2021; 10:3239. [PMID: 34831461 PMCID: PMC8623629 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of the translation apparatus, including ribosomal proteins, have been found in cell nuclei in various organisms. Components of the translation apparatus are involved in various nuclear processes, particularly those associated with genome integrity control and the nuclear stages of gene expression, such as transcription, mRNA processing, and mRNA export. Components of the translation apparatus control intranuclear trafficking; the nuclear import and export of RNA and proteins; and regulate the activity, stability, and functional recruitment of nuclear proteins. The nuclear translocation of these components is often involved in the cell response to stimulation and stress, in addition to playing critical roles in oncogenesis and viral infection. Many components of the translation apparatus are moonlighting proteins, involved in integral cell stress response and coupling of gene expression subprocesses. Thus, this phenomenon represents a significant interest for both basic and applied molecular biology. Here, we provide an overview of the current data regarding the molecular functions of translation factors and ribosomal proteins in the cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaur M. Kachaev
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Sergey D. Ivashchenko
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Eugene N. Kozlov
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Lyubov A. Lebedeva
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Yulii V. Shidlovskii
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119992 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Graille M. Division of labor in epitranscriptomics: What have we learnt from the structures of eukaryotic and viral multimeric RNA methyltransferases? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 13:e1673. [PMID: 34044474 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The translation of an mRNA template into the corresponding protein is a highly complex and regulated choreography performed by ribosomes, tRNAs, and translation factors. Most RNAs involved in this process are decorated by multiple chemical modifications (known as epitranscriptomic marks) contributing to the efficiency, the fidelity, and the regulation of the mRNA translation process. Many of these epitranscriptomic marks are written by holoenzymes made of a catalytic subunit associated with an activating subunit. These holoenzymes play critical roles in cell development. Indeed, several mutations being identified in the genes encoding for those proteins are linked to human pathologies such as cancers and intellectual disorders for instance. This review describes the structural and functional properties of RNA methyltransferase holoenzymes, which when mutated often result in brain development pathologies. It illustrates how structurally different activating subunits contribute to the catalytic activity of these holoenzymes through common mechanistic trends that most likely apply to other classes of holoenzymes. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification RNA Processing > Capping and 5' End Modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Graille
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule (BIOC), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau Cedex, France
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