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Yuan M, Zhang C, Chen S, Ye S, Liu H, Ke H, Huang J, Liang G, Yu R, Hu T, Wu X, Lan P. PDP1 promotes KRAS mutant colorectal cancer progression by serving as a scaffold for BRAF and MEK1. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217007. [PMID: 38849010 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The oncogenic role of KRAS in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is well-established. Despite this, identifying effective therapeutic targets for KRAS-mutated CRC remains a significant challenge. This study identifies pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 (PDP1) as a previously unrecognized yet crucial regulator in the progression of KRAS mutant CRC. A substantial upregulation of PDP1 expression is observed in KRAS mutant CRC cells and tissues compared to wild-type KRAS samples, which correlates with poorer prognosis. Functional experiments elucidate that PDP1 accelerates the malignance of KRAS mutant CRC cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PDP1 acts as a scaffold, enhancing BRAF and MEK1 interaction and activating the MAPK signaling, thereby promoting CRC progression. Additionally, transcription factor KLF5 is identified as the key regulator for PDP1 upregulation in KRAS mutant CRC. Crucially, targeting PDP1 combined with MAPK inhibitors exhibits an obvious inhibitory effect on KRAS mutant CRC. Overall, PDP1 is underscored as a vital oncogenic driver and promising therapeutic target for KRAS mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yuan
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
| | - Shubiao Ye
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
| | - Huashan Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
| | - Haoxian Ke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510288, PR China
| | - Junfeng Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
| | - Guanzhan Liang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
| | - Runfeng Yu
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
| | - Tuo Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China.
| | - Xianrui Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510288, PR China.
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, PR China.
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Gorlov IP, Gorlova OY, Tsavachidis S, Amos CI. Strength of selection in lung tumors correlates with clinical features better than tumor mutation burden. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12732. [PMID: 38831004 PMCID: PMC11148192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide substitutions are the most common type of somatic mutations in cancer genome. The goal of this study was to use publicly available somatic mutation data to quantify negative and positive selection in individual lung tumors and test how strength of directional and absolute selection is associated with clinical features. The analysis found a significant variation in strength of selection (both negative and positive) among tumors, with median selection tending to be negative even though tumors with strong positive selection also exist. Strength of selection estimated as the density of missense mutations relative to the density of silent mutations showed only a weak correlation with tumor mutation burden. In the "all histology together" analysis we found that absolute strength of selection was strongly correlated with all clinically relevant features analyzed. In histology-stratified analysis selection was strongest in small cell lung cancer. Selection in adenocarcinoma was somewhat higher compared to squamous cell carcinoma. The study suggests that somatic mutation- based quantifying of directional and absolute selection in individual tumors can be a useful biomarker of tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan P Gorlov
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mailstop: BCM451, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Olga Y Gorlova
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mailstop: BCM451, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Spyridon Tsavachidis
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mailstop: BCM451, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mailstop: BCM451, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Wolfe AR, Feng H, Zuniga O, Rodrigues H, Eldridge DE, Yang L, Shen C, Williams TM. RAS-RAF-miR-296-3p signaling axis increases Rad18 expression to augment radioresistance in pancreatic and thyroid cancers. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216873. [PMID: 38604313 PMCID: PMC11132429 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Oncogenic RAS and RAF signaling has been implicated in contributing to radioresistance in pancreatic and thyroid cancers. In this study, we sought to better clarify molecular mechanisms contributing to this effect. We discovered that miRNA 296-3p (miR-296-3p) is significantly correlated with radiosensitivity in a panel of pancreatic cancer cells, and miR-296-3p is highly expressed in normal cells, but low in cancer cell lines. Elevated expression of miR-296-3p increases radiosensitization while decreasing the expression of the DNA repair enzyme RAD18 in both pancreatic and thyroid cancer cells. RAD18 is overexpressed in both pancreatic and thyroid tumors compared to matched normal controls, and high expression of RAD18 in tumors is associated with poor prognostic features. Modulating the expression of mutant KRAS in pancreatic cancer cells or mutant BRAF in thyroid cancer cells demonstrates a tight regulation of RAD18 expression in both cancer types. Depletion of RAD18 results in DNA damage and radiation-induced cell death. Importantly, RAD18 depletion in combination with radiotherapy results in marked and sustained tumor regression in KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer orthotopic tumors and BRAF mutant thyroid heterotopic tumors. Overall, our findings identify a novel coordinated RAS/RAF-miR-296-3p-RAD18 signaling network in pancreatic and thyroid cancer cells, which leads to enhanced radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wolfe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Haihua Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Oscar Zuniga
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Henrique Rodrigues
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Daniel E Eldridge
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Changxian Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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Lüdeking M, Stemwedel K, Ramachandran D, Grosche S, Christiansen H, Merten R, Henkenberens C, Bogdanova NV. Efficiency of moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy in NSCLC cell model. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1293745. [PMID: 38720797 PMCID: PMC11076864 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1293745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The current standard of radiotherapy for inoperable locally advanced NSCLCs with single fraction doses of 2.0 Gy, results in poor outcomes. Several fractionation schedules have been explored that developed over the past decades to increasingly more hypofractionated treatments. Moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy, as an alternative treatment, has gained clinical importance due to shorter duration and higher patient convenience. However, clinical trials show controversial results, adding to the need for pre-clinical radiobiological studies of this schedule. Methods We examined in comparative analysis the efficiency of moderate hypofractionation and normofractionation in four different NSCLC cell lines and fibroblasts using several molecular-biological approaches. Cells were daily irradiated with 24x2.75 Gy (moderate hypofractionation) or with 30x2 Gy (normofractionation), imitating the clinical situation. Proliferation and growth rate via direct counting of cell numbers, MTT assay and measurements of DNA-synthesizing cells (EdU assay), DNA repair efficiency via immunocytochemical staining of residual γH2AX/53BP1 foci and cell surviving via clonogenic assay (CSA) were experimentally evaluated. Results Overall, the four tumor cell lines and fibroblasts showed different sensitivity to both radiation regimes, indicating cell specificity of the effect. The absolute cell numbers and the CSA revealed significant differences between schedules (P < 0.0001 for all employed cell lines and both assays) with a stronger effect of moderate hypofractionation. Conclusion Our results provide evidence for the similar effectiveness and toxicity of both regimes, with some favorable evidence towards a moderate hypofractionation. This indicates that increasing the dose per fraction may improve patient survival and therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lüdeking
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Stemwedel
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dhanya Ramachandran
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sinja Grosche
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Christiansen
- Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Merten
- Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Henkenberens
- Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Radiation Oncology, Dorothea Christiane Erxleben Clinic, Wernigerode, Germany
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5
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Horne A, Harada K, Brown KD, Chua KLM, McDonald F, Price G, Putora PM, Rothwell DG, Faivre-Finn C. Treatment Response Biomarkers: Working Toward Personalized Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2024:S1556-0864(24)00164-3. [PMID: 38615939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Owing to major advances in the field of radiation oncology, patients with lung cancer can now receive technically individualized radiotherapy treatments. Nevertheless, in the era of precision oncology, radiotherapy-based treatment selection needs to be improved as many patients do not benefit or are not offered optimum therapies. Cost-effective robust biomarkers can address this knowledge gap and lead to individuals being offered more bespoke treatments leading to improved outcome. This narrative review discusses some of the current achievements and challenges in the realization of personalized radiotherapy delivery in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Horne
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Ken Harada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katherine D Brown
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Research and Innovation, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Lee Min Chua
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Gareth Price
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Martin Putora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominic G Rothwell
- CR-UK National Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne Faivre-Finn
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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6
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Karachaliou A, Kotteas E, Fiste O, Syrigos K. Emerging Therapies in Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Virus (+) Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1447. [PMID: 38672529 PMCID: PMC11048139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) is the most frequently found oncogene in human cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For many years, KRAS was considered "undruggable" due to its structure and difficult targeting. However, the discovery of the switch II region in the KRAS-G12C-mutated protein has changed the therapeutic landscape with the design and development of novel direct KRAS-G12C inhibitors. Sotorasib and adagrasib are FDA-approved targeted agents for pre-treated patients with KRAS-G12C-mutated NSCLC. Despite promising results, the efficacy of these novel inhibitors is limited by mechanisms of resistance. Ongoing studies are evaluating combination strategies for overcoming resistance. In this review, we summarize the biology of the KRAS protein and the characteristics of KRAS mutations. We then present current and emerging therapeutic approaches for targeting KRAS mutation subtypes intending to provide individualized treatment for lung cancer harboring this challenging driver mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Karachaliou
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Sotiria” General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (O.F.); (K.S.)
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7
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Liang J, Liao L, Xie L, Tang W, Yu X, Lu Y, Chen H, Xu J, Sun L, Wu H, Cui C, Tan Y. PITPNC1 Suppress CD8 + T cell immune function and promote radioresistance in rectal cancer by modulating FASN/CD155. J Transl Med 2024; 22:117. [PMID: 38291470 PMCID: PMC10826121 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radioresistance is a primary factor contributing to the failure of rectal cancer treatment. Immune suppression plays a significant role in the development of radioresistance. We have investigated the potential role of phosphatidylinositol transfer protein cytoplasmic 1 (PITPNC1) in regulating immune suppression associated with radioresistance. METHODS To elucidate the mechanisms by which PITPNC1 influences radioresistance, we established HT29, SW480, and MC38 radioresistant cell lines. The relationship between radioresistance and changes in the proportion of immune cells was verified through subcutaneous tumor models and flow cytometry. Changes in the expression levels of PITPNC1, FASN, and CD155 were determined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting techniques. The interplay between these proteins was investigated using immunofluorescence co-localization and immunoprecipitation assays. Additionally, siRNA and lentivirus-mediated gene knockdown or overexpression, as well as co-culture of tumor cells with PBMCs or CD8+ T cells and establishment of stable transgenic cell lines in vivo, were employed to validate the impact of the PITPNC1/FASN/CD155 pathway on CD8+ T cell immune function. RESULTS Under irradiation, the apoptosis rate and expression of apoptosis-related proteins in radioresistant colorectal cancer cell lines were significantly decreased, while the cell proliferation rate increased. In radioresistant tumor-bearing mice, the proportion of CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ production within immune cells decreased. Immunohistochemical analysis of human and animal tissue specimens resistant to radiotherapy showed a significant increase in the expression levels of PITPNC1, FASN, and CD155. Gene knockdown and rescue experiments demonstrated that PITPNC1 can regulate the expression of CD155 on the surface of tumor cells through FASN. In addition, co-culture experiments and in vivo tumor-bearing experiments have shown that silencing PITPNC1 can inhibit FASN/CD155, enhance CD8+ T cell immune function, promote colorectal cancer cell death, and ultimately reduce radioresistance in tumor-bearing models. CONCLUSIONS PITPNC1 regulates the expression of CD155 through FASN, inhibits CD8+ T cell immune function, and promotes radioresistance in rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - WenWen Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanli Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanmei Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yujing Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Li Y, Yang C, Xie L, Shi F, Tang M, Luo X, Liu N, Hu X, Zhu Y, Bode AM, Gao Q, Zhou J, Fan J, Li X, Cao Y. CYLD induces high oxidative stress and DNA damage through class I HDACs to promote radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:95. [PMID: 38287022 PMCID: PMC10824711 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of Cylindromatosis (CYLD), a tumor suppressor molecule, plays an important role in tumor development and treatment. In this work, we found that CYLD binds to class I histone deacetylases (HDAC1 and HDAC2) through its N-terminal domain and inhibits HDAC1 activity. RNA sequencing showed that CYLD-HDAC axis regulates cellular antioxidant response via Nrf2 and its target genes. Then we revealed a mechanism that class I HDACs mediate redox abnormalities in CYLD low-expressing tumors. HDACs are central players in the DNA damage signaling. We further confirmed that CYLD regulates radiation-induced DNA damage and repair response through inhibiting class I HDACs. Furthermore, CYLD mediates nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell radiosensitivity through class I HDACs. Thus, we identified the function of the CYLD-HDAC axis in radiotherapy and blocking HDACs by Chidamide can increase the sensitivity of cancer cells and tumors to radiation therapy both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, ChIP and luciferase reporter assays revealed that CYLD could be transcriptionally regulated by zinc finger protein 202 (ZNF202). Our findings offer novel insight into the function of CYLD in tumor and uncover important roles for CYLD-HDAC axis in radiosensitivity, which provide new molecular target and therapeutic strategy for tumor radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/ Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Chenxing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Longlong Xie
- Children's Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xudong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yongwei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/ Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/ Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/ Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Research Center for Technologies of Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics Hunan Province, Changsha, 410078, China.
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Changsha, 410078, China.
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9
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Sun X, Dong M, Li J, Sun Y, Gao Y, Wang Y, Du L, Liu Y, Ji K, He N, Wang J, Zhang M, Song H, Xu C, Liu Q. NRF2 promotes radiation resistance by cooperating with TOPBP1 to activate the ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway. Theranostics 2024; 14:681-698. [PMID: 38169561 PMCID: PMC10758056 DOI: 10.7150/thno.88899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiation resistance is the main limitation of the application of radiotherapy. Ionizing radiation (IR) kills cancer cells mainly by causing DNA damage, particularly double-strand breaks (DSBs). Radioresistant cancer cells have developed the robust capability of DNA damage repair to survive IR. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has been correlated with radiation resistance. We previously reported a novel function of NRF2 as an ATR activator in response to DSBs. However, little is known about the mechanism that how NRF2 regulates DNA damage repair and radiation resistance. Methods: The TCGA database and tissue microarray were used to analyze the correlation between NRF2 and the prognosis of lung cancer patients. The radioresistant lung cancer cells were constructed, and the role of NRF2 in radiation resistance was explored by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and extraction of chromatin fractions were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results: In this study, the TCGA database and clinical lung cancer samples showed that high expression of NRF2 was associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. We established radioresistant lung cancer cells expressing NRF2 at high levels, which showed increased antioxidant and DNA repair abilities. In addition, we found that NRF2 can be involved in the DNA damage response independently of its antioxidant function. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that NRF2 promoted the phosphorylation of replication protein A 32 (RPA32), and DNA topoisomerase 2-binding protein 1 (TOPBP1) was recruited to DSB sites in an NRF2-dependent manner. Conclusion: This study explored the novel role of NRF2 in promoting radiation resistance by cooperating with RPA32 and TOPBP1 to activate the ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway. In addition, the findings of this study not only provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the radiation resistance of lung cancer cells but also validate NRF2 as a potential target for radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator widely involved in essential cellular functions such as DNA repair. By clarifying the upstream and downstream links of NRF2 to DNA damage repair, we hope that attention will be drawn to the utilization of NRF2 as a target for cancer therapy. METHODS Query and summarize relevant literature on the role of NRF2 in direct repair, BER, NER, MMR, HR, and NHEJ in pubmed. Make pictures of Roles of NRF2 in DNA Damage Repair and tables of antioxidant response elements (AREs) of DNA repair genes. Analyze the mutation frequency of NFE2L2 in different types of cancer using cBioPortal online tools. By using TCGA, GTEx and GO databases, analyze the correlation between NFE2L2 mutations and DNA repair systems as well as the degree of changes in DNA repair systems as malignant tumors progress. RESULTS NRF2 plays roles in maintaining the integrity of the genome by repairing DNA damage, regulating the cell cycle, and acting as an antioxidant. And, it possibly plays roles in double stranded break (DSB) pathway selection following ionizing radiation (IR) damage. Whether pathways such as RNA modification, ncRNA, and protein post-translational modification affect the regulation of NRF2 on DNA repair is still to be determined. The overall mutation frequency of the NFE2L2 gene in esophageal carcinoma, lung cancer, and penile cancer is the highest. Genes (50 of 58) that are negatively correlated with clinical staging are positively correlated with NFE2L2 mutations or NFE2L2 expression levels. CONCLUSION NRF2 participates in a variety of DNA repair pathways and plays important roles in maintaining genome stability. NRF2 is a potential target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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11
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Khozooei S, Veerappan S, Bonzheim I, Singer S, Gani C, Toulany M. Fisetin overcomes non-targetability of mutated KRAS induced YB-1 signaling in colorectal cancer cells and improves radiosensitivity by blocking repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Radiother Oncol 2023; 188:109867. [PMID: 37634766 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE KRAS is frequently mutated, and the Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). Mutant KRAS (KRASmut) stimulates YB-1 through MAPK/RSK and PI3K/AKT, independent of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family is a switch-site upstream of AKT and RSK. The flavonoid compound fisetin inhibits RSK-mediated YB-1 signaling. We sought the most effective molecular targeting approach that interferes with DNA double strand break (DSB) repair and induces radiosensitivity of CRC cells, independent of KRAS mutation status. MATERIALS AND METHODS KRAS activity and KRAS mutation were analyzed by Ras-GTP assay and NGS. Effect of dual targeting of RSK and AKT (DT), the effect of fisetin as well as targeting PAK by FRAX486 and EGFR by erlotinib on YB-1 activity was tested by Western blotting after irradiation in vitro and ex vivo. Additionally, the effect of DT and FRAX486 on DSB repair pathways was tested in cells expressing reporter constructs for the DSB repair pathways by flow cytometry analysis. Residual DSBs and clonogenicity were examined by γH2AX- and clonogenic assays, respectively. RESULTS Erlotinib neither blocked DSB repair nor inhibited YB-1 phosphorylation under KRAS mutation condition in vitro and ex vivo. DT and FRAX486 effectively inhibited YB-1 phosphorylation independent of KRAS mutation status and diminished homologous recombination (HR) and alternative non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair. DT and FRAX486 inhibited DSB repair in CaCo2 but not in isogenic KRASG12V cells. Fisetin inhibited YB-1 phosphorylation, blocked DSB repair and increased radiosensitivity, independent of KRAS mutation status. CONCLUSION Combination of fisetin with radiotherapy may improve CRC radiation response, regardless of KRASmut status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Khozooei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Soundaram Veerappan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irina Bonzheim
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Singer
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Cihan Gani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Toulany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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12
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Rehl KM, Selvakumar J, Pitsch RL, Hoang D, Arumugam K, Harshman SW, Gorfe AA, Cho KJ. A new ferrocene derivative blocks K-Ras localization and function by oxidative modification at His95. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302094. [PMID: 37666666 PMCID: PMC10477449 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras proteins are membrane-bound GTPases that regulate essential cellular processes at the plasma membrane (PM). Constitutively active mutations of K-Ras, one of the three Ras isoforms in mammalian cells, are frequently found in human cancers. Ferrocene derivatives, which elevate cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), have shown to block the growth of non-small cell lung cancers harboring oncogenic mutant K-Ras. Here, we tested a novel ferrocene derivative on the growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Our compound, which elevated cellular ROS levels, inhibited the growth of K-Ras-driven cancers, and abrogated the PM binding and signaling of K-Ras in an isoform-specific manner. These effects were reversed upon antioxidant supplementation, suggesting a ROS-mediated mechanism. We further identified that K-Ras His95 residue plays an important role in this process, and it is putatively oxidized by cellular ROS. Together, our study demonstrates that the redox system directly regulates K-Ras/PM binding and signaling via oxidative modification at the His95, and proposes a role of oncogenic mutant K-Ras in the recently described antioxidant-induced growth and metastasis of K-Ras-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Rehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Jayaraman Selvakumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Rhonda L Pitsch
- https://ror.org/02e2egq70 Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Don Hoang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Kuppuswamy Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Sean W Harshman
- https://ror.org/02e2egq70 Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Alemayehu A Gorfe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kwang-Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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13
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Cui T, Corrales-Guerrero S, Castro-Aceituno V, Nair S, Maneval DC, Monnig C, Kearney P, Ellis S, Raheja N, Raheja N, Williams TM. JNTX-101, a novel albumin-encapsulated gemcitabine prodrug, is efficacious and operates via caveolin-1-mediated endocytosis. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 30:181-192. [PMID: 37674628 PMCID: PMC10477748 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin is an attractive candidate carrier for the development of novel therapeutic drugs. Gemcitabine has been FDA approved for the treatment of solid tumors; however, new drugs that optimize gemcitabine delivery are not available for clinical use. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a novel albumin-encapsulated gemcitabine prodrug, JNTX-101, and investigate whether Cav-1 expression predicts the therapeutic efficacy of JNTX-101. We first determined the treatment efficacy of JNTX-101 in a panel of pancreatic/lung cancer cell lines and found that increases in Cav-1 expression resulted in higher uptake of albumin, while Cav-1 depletion attenuated the sensitivity of cells to JNTX-101. In addition, decreased Cav-1 expression markedly reduced JNTX-101-induced apoptotic cell death in a panel of cells, particularly in low-serum conditions. Furthermore, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of JNTX-101 in xenograft models and the role of Cav-1 in JNTX-101 sensitivity using a Tet-on-inducible tumor model in vivo. Our data suggest that JNTX-101 effectively inhibits cell viability and tumor growth, and that Cav-1 expression dictates optimal sensitivity to JNTX-101. These data indicate that Cav-1 correlates with JNTX-101 sensitivity, especially under nutrient-deprived conditions, and supports a role for Cav-1 as a predictive biomarker for albumin-encapsulated therapeutics such as JNTX-101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | | | | | - Sindhu Nair
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sam Ellis
- January Therapeutics, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Neil Raheja
- January Therapeutics, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Terence M. Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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14
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Yang L, Li Z, Binzel DW, Guo P, Williams TM. Targeting oncogenic KRAS in non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR aptamer-conjugated multifunctional RNA nanoparticles. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:559-571. [PMID: 37637206 PMCID: PMC10448464 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
KRAS mutations are one of the most common oncogenic driver mutations in human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and have established roles in cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance. The development of effective inhibitors of mutant KRAS represents a significant challenge. Three-way junction (3WJ)-based multi-functional RNA nanoparticles have the potential to serve as an effective in vivo siRNA delivery platform with the ability to enhance tumor targeting specificity and visualize biodistribution through an imaging moiety. Herein, we assembled novel EGFRapt-3WJ-siKRASG12C mutation targeted nanoparticles to target EGFR-expressing human NSCLC harboring a KRASG12C mutation to silence KRASG12C expression in a tumor cell-specific fashion. We found that EGFRapt-3WJ-siKRASG12C nanoparticles potently depleted cellular KRASG12C expression, resulting in attenuation of downstream MAPK pathway signaling, cell proliferation, migration/invasion ability, and sensitized NSCLC cells to chemoradiotherapy. In vivo, these nanoparticles induced tumor growth inhibition in KRASG12C NSCLC tumor xenografts. Together, this study suggests that the 3WJ pRNA-based platform has the potential to suppress mutant KRAS activity for the treatment of KRAS-driven human cancers, and warrants further development for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhefeng Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel W. Binzel
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Terence M. Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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15
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Klement RJ, Sweeney RA. Metabolic factors associated with the prognosis of oligometastatic patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:927-940. [PMID: 37261610 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, it has been established that cancer patients with oligometastases, i.e., only a few detectable metastases confined to one or a few organs, may benefit from an aggressive local treatment approach such as the application of high-precision stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Specifically, some studies have indicated that achieving long-term local tumor control of oligometastases is associated with prolonged overall survival. This motivates investigations into which factors may modify the dose-response relationship of SBRT by making metastases more or less radioresistant. One such factor relates to the uptake of the positron emission tomography tracer 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) which reflects the extent of tumor cell glycolysis or the Warburg effect, respectively. Here we review the biological mechanisms how the Warburg effect drives tumor cell radioresistance and metastasis and draw connections to clinical studies reporting associations between high FDG uptake and worse clinical outcomes after SBRT for oligometastases. We further review the evidence for distinct metabolic phenotypes of metastases preferentially seeding to specific organs and their possible translation into distinct radioresistance. Finally, evidence that obesity and hyperglycemia also affect outcomes after SBRT will be presented. While delivered dose is the main determinant of a high local tumor control probability, there might be clinical scenarios when metabolic targeting could make the difference between achieving local control or not, for example when doses have to be compromised in order to spare neighboring high-risk organs, or when tumors are expected to be highly therapy-resistant due to heavy pretreatment such as chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer J Klement
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 97422, Schweinfurt, Germany.
| | - Reinhart A Sweeney
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 97422, Schweinfurt, Germany
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16
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Shi CS, Kuan FC, Chin CC, Li JM. Modulation of mitochondrial apoptosis by β2-adrenergic receptor blockage in colorectal cancer after radiotherapy: an in-vivo and in-vitro study. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3741-3752. [PMID: 37693145 PMCID: PMC10492122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of malignancy-related deaths worldwide. Radiotherapy is often combined with surgery to treat patients with more advanced CRC. Despite impressive initial clinical responses, radiotherapy resistance is the main reason for most treatment failures in colorectal cancer. The G protein-coupled adrenergic receptor (AR) has shown to involve in the development and radiotherapy resistance of CRC. The β2-AR blockage (ICI-118,551) can use to inhibit the progression of CRC through downregulating EGFR-Akt-ERK1/2 signaling. Since catecholamines-activated the G protein-coupled AR activation has been shown to result in radioresistant, co-treatment with both β2-AR blockage and radiation may be improved the clinical outcome of CRC. We demonstrated that selective β2-AR blockage, but not selective β1-AR blockage, significantly enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis in CRC cells with wild-type p53 in vitro. The molecular mechanism of the apoptotic pathway was possibly triggered by a change in the mitochondrial membrane permeability and release of cytosolic cytochrome C through phospho-P53 mitochondrial translocation. We also found that a P53 knockout in the HCT116 cells was correlated with reversing β2-AR blockage-mediated apoptosis induction after radiation treatment. Furthermore, the β2-AR blockage significantly inhibited CRC cell-xenograft growth in vivo. Our study suggests that β2-AR blockage may be used as adjunct agent for improving the clinical outcomes of CRC following radiotherapy by inducing apoptosis in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Sheng Shi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Che Kuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Chin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jhy-Ming Li
- Department of Animal Science, National Chiayi UniversityChiayi, Taiwan
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17
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Fu J, Zhou S, Xu H, Liao L, Shen H, Du P, Zheng X. ATM-ESCO2-SMC3 axis promotes 53BP1 recruitment in response to DNA damage and safeguards genome integrity by stabilizing cohesin complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7376-7391. [PMID: 37377435 PMCID: PMC10415120 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
53BP1 is primarily known as a key regulator in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. However, the mechanism of DSB-triggered cohesin modification-modulated chromatin structure on the recruitment of 53BP1 remains largely elusive. Here, we identified acetyltransferase ESCO2 as a regulator for DSB-induced cohesin-dependent chromatin structure dynamics, which promotes 53BP1 recruitment. Mechanistically, in response to DNA damage, ATM phosphorylates ESCO2 S196 and T233. MDC1 recognizes phosphorylated ESCO2 and recruits ESCO2 to DSB sites. ESCO2-mediated acetylation of SMC3 stabilizes cohesin complex conformation and regulates the chromatin structure at DSB breaks, which is essential for the recruitment of 53BP1 and the formation of 53BP1 microdomains. Furthermore, depletion of ESCO2 in both colorectal cancer cells and xenografted nude mice sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Collectively, our results reveal a molecular mechanism for the ATM-ESCO2-SMC3 axis in DSB repair and genome integrity maintenance with a vital role in chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Siru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Centre for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Centre for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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18
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Nounsi A, Seitlinger J, Ponté C, Demiselle J, Idoux-Gillet Y, Pencreach E, Beau-Faller M, Lindner V, Balloul JM, Quemeneur E, Burckel H, Noël G, Olland A, Fioretti F, Falcoz PE, Benkirane-Jessel N, Hua G. Patient-Derived Tumoroid for the Prediction of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Responses in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1824. [PMID: 37509464 PMCID: PMC10376341 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy and platinum-based chemotherapy are common treatments for lung cancer patients. Several factors are considered for the low overall survival rate of lung cancer, such as the patient's physical state and the complex heterogeneity of the tumor, which leads to resistance to the treatment. Consequently, precision medicines are needed for the patients to improve their survival and their quality of life. Until now, no patient-derived tumoroid model has been reported to predict the efficiency of radiation therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Using our patient-derived tumoroid model, we report that this model could be used to evaluate the efficiency of radiation therapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. In addition, these results can be correlated to clinical outcomes of patients, indicating that this patient-derived tumoroid model can predict the response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasse Nounsi
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), University of Strasbourg, 8 Rue de Ste. Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Seitlinger
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Charlotte Ponté
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Demiselle
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Medical Intensive Care, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ysia Idoux-Gillet
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), University of Strasbourg, 8 Rue de Ste. Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Erwan Pencreach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michèle Beau-Faller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Lindner
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Pathology, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marc Balloul
- Transgene SA, 400 Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach-Parc d'Innovation-CS80166, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Eric Quemeneur
- Transgene SA, 400 Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach-Parc d'Innovation-CS80166, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Hélène Burckel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), UNICANCER, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Paul Strauss Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 17 Rue Albert Calmette, 67033 Strasbourg, France
- ICube Laboratory, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Georges Noël
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), UNICANCER, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Paul Strauss Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 17 Rue Albert Calmette, 67033 Strasbourg, France
- ICube Laboratory, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Anne Olland
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Lung Transplantation Group, Thoracic Surgery Department, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Florence Fioretti
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), University of Strasbourg, 8 Rue de Ste. Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Falcoz
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Lung Transplantation Group, Thoracic Surgery Department, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), University of Strasbourg, 8 Rue de Ste. Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Guoqiang Hua
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Research on Biomedicines of Strasbourg (CRBS), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), University of Strasbourg, 8 Rue de Ste. Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Rehl KM, Selvakumar J, Hoang D, Arumugam K, Gorfe AA, Cho KJ. A new ferrocene derivative blocks KRAS localization and function by oxidative modification at His95. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.28.534499. [PMID: 37034642 PMCID: PMC10081197 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ras proteins are membrane-bound GTPases that regulate essential cellular processes at the plasma membrane (PM). Constitutively active mutations of K-Ras, one of the three Ras isoforms in mammalian cells, are frequently found in human cancers. Ferrocene derivatives, which elevate cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), have shown to block the growth of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harboring oncogenic mutant K-Ras. Here, we developed and tested a novel ferrocene derivative on the growth of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and NSCLC. Our compound inhibited the growth of K-Ras-dependent PDAC and NSCLC and abrogated the PM binding and signaling of K-Ras, but not other Ras isoforms. These effects were reversed upon antioxidant supplementation, suggesting a ROS-mediated mechanism. We further identified K-Ras His95 residue in the G-domain as being involved in the ferrocene-induced K-Ras PM dissociation via oxidative modification. Together, our studies demonstrate that the redox system directly regulates K-Ras PM binding and signaling via oxidative modification at the His95, and proposes a role of oncogenic mutant K-Ras in the recently described antioxidant-induced metastasis in K-Ras-driven lung cancers.
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Yang Y, Zhang H, Huang S, Chu Q. KRAS Mutations in Solid Tumors: Characteristics, Current Therapeutic Strategy, and Potential Treatment Exploration. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020709. [PMID: 36675641 PMCID: PMC9861148 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Kristen rat sarcoma (KRAS) gene is one of the most common mutated oncogenes in solid tumors. Yet, KRAS inhibitors did not follow suit with the development of targeted therapy, for the structure of KRAS has been considered as being implausible to target for decades. Chemotherapy was the initial recommended therapy for KRAS-mutant cancer patients, which was then replaced by or combined with immunotherapy. KRAS G12C inhibitors became the most recent breakthrough in targeted therapy, with Sotorasib being approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) based on its significant efficacy in multiple clinical studies. However, the subtypes of the KRAS mutations are complex, and the development of inhibitors targeting non-G12C subtypes is still at a relatively early stage. In addition, the monotherapy of KRAS inhibitors has accumulated possible resistance, acquiring the exploration of combination therapies or next-generation KRAS inhibitors. Thus, other non-target, conventional therapies have also been considered as being promising. Here in this review, we went through the characteristics of KRAS mutations in cancer patients, and the prognostic effect that it poses on different therapies and advanced therapeutic strategy, as well as cutting-edge research on the mechanisms of drug resistance, tumor development, and the immune microenvironment.
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Bleiler M, Cyr A, Wright DL, Giardina C. Incorporation of 53BP1 into phase-separated bodies in cancer cells during aberrant mitosis. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260027. [PMID: 36606487 PMCID: PMC10112977 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1) is a key mediator of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathway, which is the primary repair pathway in interphase cells. However, the mitotic functions of 53BP1 are less well understood. Here, we describe 53BP1 mitotic stress bodies (MSBs) formed in cancer cell lines in response to delayed mitosis. These bodies displayed liquid-liquid phase separation characteristics, were close to centromeres, and included lamin A/C and the DNA repair protein RIF1. After release from mitotic arrest, 53BP1 MSBs decreased in number and moved away from the chromatin. Using GFP fusion constructs, we found that the 53BP1 oligomerization domain region was required for MSB formation, and that inclusion of the 53BP1 N terminus increased MSB size. Exogenous expression of 53BP1 did not increase MSB size or number but did increase levels of MSB-free 53BP1. This was associated with slower mitotic progression, elevated levels of DNA damage and increased apoptosis, which is consistent with MSBs suppressing a mitotic surveillance by 53BP1 through sequestration. The 53BP1 MSBs, which were also found spontaneously in a subset of normally dividing cancer cells but not in non-transformed cells (ARPE-19), might facilitate the survival of cancer cells following aberrant mitoses. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bleiler
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Aiyana Cyr
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Dennis L. Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Charles Giardina
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Gopal P, Yard BD, Petty A, Lal JC, Bera TK, Hoang TQ, Buhimschi AD, Abazeed ME. The Mutational Landscape of Cancer's Vulnerability to Ionizing Radiation. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5343-5358. [PMID: 36222846 PMCID: PMC9751780 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Large-scale sequencing efforts have established that cancer-associated genetic alterations are highly diverse, posing a challenge to the identification of variants that regulate complex phenotypes like radiation sensitivity. The impact of the vast majority of rare or common genetic variants on the sensitivity of cancers to radiotherapy remains largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed a scalable gene editing and irradiation platform to assess the role of categories of variants in cells. Variants were prioritized on the basis of genotype-phenotype associations from a previously completed large-scale cancer cell line radiation profiling study. Altogether, 488 alleles (396 unique single-nucleotide variants) from 92 genes were generated and profiled in an immortalized lung cell line, BEAS-2B. We validated our results in other cell lines (TRT-HU1 and NCI-H520), in vivo via the use of both cell line and patient-derived murine xenografts, and in clinical cohorts. RESULTS We show that resistance to radiation is characterized by substantial inter- and intra-gene allelic variation. Some genes (e.g., KEAP1) demonstrated significant intragenic allelic variation in the magnitude of conferred resistance and other genes (e.g., CTNNB1) displayed both resistance and sensitivity in a protein domain-dependent manner. We combined results from our platform with gene expression and metabolite features and identified the upregulation of amino acid transporters that facilitate oxidative reductive capacity and cell-cycle deregulation as key regulators of radiation sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal new insights into the genetic determinants of tumor sensitivity to radiotherapy and nominate a multitude of cancer mutations that are predicted to impact treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gopal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian D. Yard
- Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Aaron Petty
- Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jessica C. Lal
- Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Titas K. Bera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Trung Q. Hoang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexandru D. Buhimschi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mohamed E. Abazeed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Corresponding Author: Mohamed E. Abazeed, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior St/Lurie 7-115, Chicago, IL 60611. Phone: 312-926-2520; Fax: 312-926-6524; E-mail:
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Dhawan A, Pifer PM, Sandulache VC, Skinner HD. Metabolic targeting, immunotherapy and radiation in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Where do we go from here? Front Oncol 2022; 12:1016217. [PMID: 36591457 PMCID: PMC9794617 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1016217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the US, there are ~250,000 new lung cancer diagnoses and ~130,000 deaths per year, and worldwide there are an estimated 1.6 million deaths per year from this deadly disease. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide, and it accounts for roughly a quarter of all cancer deaths in the US. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 80-85% of these cases. Due to an enormous tobacco cessation effort, NSCLC rates in the US are decreasing, and the implementation of lung cancer screening guidelines and other programs have resulted in a higher percentage of patients presenting with potentially curable locoregional disease, instead of distant disease. Exciting developments in molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy have resulted in dramatic improvement in patients' survival, in combination with new surgical, pathological, radiographical, and radiation techniques. Concurrent platinum-based doublet chemoradiation therapy followed by immunotherapy has set the benchmark for survival in these patients. However, despite these advances, ~50% of patients diagnosed with locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC) survive long-term. In patients with local and/or locoregional disease, chemoradiation is a critical component of curative therapy. However, there remains a significant clinical gap in improving the efficacy of this combined therapy, and the development of non-overlapping treatment approaches to improve treatment outcomes is needed. One potential promising avenue of research is targeting cancer metabolism. In this review, we will initially provide a brief general overview of tumor metabolism as it relates to therapeutic targeting. We will then focus on the intersection of metabolism on both oxidative stress and anti-tumor immunity. This will be followed by discussion of both tumor- and patient-specific opportunities for metabolic targeting in NSCLC. We will then conclude with a discussion of additional agents currently in development that may be advantageous to combine with chemo-immuno-radiation in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Dhawan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Phillip M. Pifer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vlad C. Sandulache
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Heath D. Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Heath D. Skinner,
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Fang Y, Liang S, Gao J, Wang Z, Li C, Wang R, Yu W. Extracellular matrix stiffness mediates radiosensitivity in a 3D nasopharyngeal carcinoma model. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:364. [PMCID: PMC9675143 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Radiotherapy is one of the essential treatment modalities for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), however, radioresistance still poses challenges. Three-dimensional (3D) tumor culture models mimic the in vivo growth conditions of cells more accurately than 2D models. This study is to compare the tumor biological behaviors of NPC cells in 2D, On-Surface 3D and Embedded 3D systems, and to investigate the correlation between radioresistance and extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. Methods The morphology and radioresistance of the human NPC cell line CNE-1 were observed in 2D and 3D systems. The CCK-8 assay, wounding healing assays, flow cytometry, soft agar assays, and western blot analysis were used to evaluate differences in biological behaviors such as proliferation, migration, cell cycle distribution, and stem cell activity. Different ECM stiffness systems were established by co-blending collagen and alginate in varying proportions. ECM stiffness was evaluated by compressive elastic moduli measurement and colony formation assay was used to assess radioresistance of NPC cells in systems with different ECM stiffness after irradiation. Results Compared to 2D models, the morphology of NPC cells in 3D culture microenvironments has more in common with in vivo tumor cells and 3D cultured NPC cells exhibit stronger radioresistance. Integrin β1 but not the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathway in 3D models boost migration ability. Cell proliferation was enhanced, the proportion of tumor stem cells was increased, and G1/S phase arrest occurred in 3D models. NPC cells cultured in softer ECM systems (with low alginate proportions) exhibit striking resistance to ionizing radiation. Conclusion The tumor biological behaviors of NPC cells in 3D groups were obviously different from that of 2D. Radioresistance of NPC cells increased with the stiffness of ECM decreasing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02787-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Fang
- grid.459353.d0000 0004 1800 3285The Key Laboratory of biomarker high throughput screening and target translation of breast and gastrointestinal tumor, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No.6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001 Liaoning China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- grid.459353.d0000 0004 1800 3285The Key Laboratory of biomarker high throughput screening and target translation of breast and gastrointestinal tumor, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No.6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001 Liaoning China
| | - Jianong Gao
- Outpatient Department, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No.83 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shengyang, 110015 Liaoning China
| | - Zhe Wang
- grid.459353.d0000 0004 1800 3285Oncology Department, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No.6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001 Liaoning China
| | - Cheng Li
- grid.459353.d0000 0004 1800 3285The Key Laboratory of biomarker high throughput screening and target translation of breast and gastrointestinal tumor, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No.6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001 Liaoning China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- grid.459353.d0000 0004 1800 3285The Key Laboratory of biomarker high throughput screening and target translation of breast and gastrointestinal tumor, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No.6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001 Liaoning China ,grid.459353.d0000 0004 1800 3285Oncology Department, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No.6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001 Liaoning China
| | - Weiting Yu
- grid.459353.d0000 0004 1800 3285The Key Laboratory of biomarker high throughput screening and target translation of breast and gastrointestinal tumor, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No.6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001 Liaoning China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Affiliated Zhujiang Hospistal of Southern Medical University, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 253 Industrial Avenue, 510280 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Hsieh CH, Kuan WH, Chang WL, Kuo IY, Liu H, Shieh DB, Liu H, Tan B, Wang YC. Dysregulation of SOX17/NRF2 axis confers chemoradiotherapy resistance and emerges as a novel therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:90. [PMID: 36310172 PMCID: PMC9618214 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide with a dismal overall 5-year survival rate of less than 20%. The standard first-line therapy for advanced ESCC is concomitant chemo-radiation therapy (CCRT); however, patients usually develop resistance, resulting in unfavorable outcomes. Therefore, it is urgent to identify the mechanisms underlying CCRT resistance and develop effective treatment strategies. Methods Patients’ endoscopic biopsy tumor tissues obtained before CCRT treatment were used to perform RNA-seq and GSEA analysis. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and promoter reporter analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between SOX17 and NRF2. Xenograft mouse models were used to study the role of SOX17/NRF2 axis in tumor growth and the efficacy of carboxymethyl cellulose-coated zero-valent-iron (ZVI@CMC). Results In this study, a notable gene expression signature associated with NRF2 activation was observed in the poor CCRT responders. Further, IHC staining of endoscopic biopsy of 164 ESCC patients revealed an inverse correlation between NRF2 and SOX17, a tumor-suppressive transcription factor with low expression in ESCC due to promoter hypermethylation. Using ChIP and promoter reporter analyses, we demonstrated that SOX17 was a novel upstream transcriptional suppressor of NRF2. In particular, SOX17low/NRF2high nuclear level significantly correlated with poor CCRT response and poor survival, indicating that the dysregulation of SOX17/NRF2 axis played a pivotal role in CCRT resistance and tumor progression. Notably, the in-house developed nanoparticle ZVI@CMC functioned as an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases to restore expression of SOX17 that downregulated NRF2, thereby overcoming the resistance in ESCC. Additionally, the combination of ZVI@CMC with radiation treatment significantly augmented anticancer efficacy to inhibit tumor growth in CCRT resistant cancer. Conclusion This study identifies a novel SOX17low/NRF2high signature in ESCC patients with poor prognosis, recognizes SOX17 as a transcriptional repressor of NRF2, and provides a promising strategy targeting SOX17/NRF2 axis to overcome resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00873-4.
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Toulany M. Targeting K-Ras-mediated DNA damage response in radiation oncology: Current status, challenges and future perspectives. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022; 38:6-14. [PMID: 36313934 PMCID: PMC9596599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 60% of cancer patients receive curative or palliative radiation. Despite the significant role of radiotherapy (RT) as a curative approach for many solid tumors, tumor recurrence occurs, partially because of intrinsic radioresistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that the success of RT is hampered by activation of the DNA damage response (DDR). The intensity of DDR signaling is affected by multiple parameters, e.g., loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes, gain-of-function mutations in protooncogenes as well as radiation-induced alterations in signal-transduction pathways. Therefore, the response to irradiation differs in tumors of different types, which makes the individualization of RT as a rational but challenging goal. One contributor to tumor cell radiation survival is signaling through the Ras pathway. Three RAS genes encode 4 Ras isoforms: K-Ras4A, K-Ras4B, H-Ras, and N-Ras. RAS family members are found to be mutated in approximately 19% of human cancers. Mutations in RAS lead to constitutive activation of the gene product and activation of multiple Ras-dependent signal-transduction cascades. Preclinical studies have shown that the expression of mutant KRAS affects DDR and increases cell survival after irradiation. Approximately 70% of RAS mutations occur in KRAS. Thus, applying targeted therapies directly against K-Ras as well as K-Ras upstream activators and downstream effectors might be a tumor-specific approach to overcome K-Ras-mediated RT resistance. In this review, the role of K-Ras in the activation of DDR signaling will be summarized. Recent progress in targeting DDR in KRAS-mutated tumors in combination with radiochemotherapy will be discussed.
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Tripathi P, Soni R, Antra, Tandon V. Pixantrone confers radiosensitization in KRAS mutated cancer cells by suppression of radiation-induced prosurvival pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:351-362. [PMID: 35970251 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Radioresistance towards radiation therapy has generated the need for the development of radiosensitizers as a potential drug. KRAS mutation brings radioresistance in tumor cells. The present work proves sensitization of cancer cells towards radiotherapy through inhibition of KRAS activation. Acquiring a drug repurposing approach, the in-silico screening revealed that pixantrone, an antineoplastic drug, possesses a high affinity towards KRAS G12C and G12D subtypes. The SPR study suggests that maximum affinity of pixantrone was observed with KRAS G12C>WT>G12D and G12S. Pixantrone potentially inhibited the KRAS activation in stable transfectants G12C and G12D cell lines and radiosensitized distinct KRAS mutant subtype cells. The combination of pixantrone with radiation causes enhanced dsDNA breaks along with enhanced ATM expression, and increased late apoptosis. The preclinical studies on NCr-fox1nu xenograft mice showed potent inhibition of tumor progression and prolonged survival of mcie due to the radiosensitizing effect of pixantrone. Radiation-induced activation of key effector proteins of RAS downstream pathways, like MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, were downregulated in tumor cells upon combination treatment. Interestingly, a robust upregulation of senescence marker p21 was observed in the tumor cells in combination treatment. These findings reveal a convergence between KRAS signaling, pixantrone treatment, and radiation conferring tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Tripathi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Ravi Soni
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, New Delhi-110054, India
| | - Antra
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
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131I-C19 Iodide Radioisotope and Synthetic I-C19 Compounds as K-Ras4B–PDE6δ Inhibitors: A Novel Approach against Colorectal Cancer—Biological Characterization, Biokinetics and Dosimetry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175446. [PMID: 36080216 PMCID: PMC9458062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In 40–50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases, K-Ras gene mutations occur, which induce the expression of the K-Ras4B oncogenic isoform. K-Ras4B is transported by phosphodiesterase-6δ (PDE6δ) to the plasma membrane, where the K-Ras4B–PDE6δ complex dissociates and K-Ras4B, coupled to the plasma membrane, activates signaling pathways that favor cancer aggressiveness. Thus, the inhibition of the K-Ras4B–PDE6δ dissociation using specific small molecules could be a new strategy for the treatment of patients with CRC. This research aimed to perform a preclinical proof-of-concept and a therapeutic potential evaluation of the synthetic I-C19 and 131I-C19 compounds as inhibitors of the K-Ras4B–PDE6δ dissociation. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to estimate the binding affinity and the anchorage sites of I-C19 in K-Ras4B–PDE6δ. K-Ras4B signaling pathways were assessed in HCT116, LoVo and SW620 colorectal cancer cells after I-C19 treatment. Two murine colorectal cancer models were used to evaluate the I-C19 therapeutic effect. The in vivo biokinetic profiles of I-C19 and 131I-C19 and the tumor radiation dose were also estimated. The K-Ras4B–PDE6δ stabilizer, 131I-C19, was highly selective and demonstrated a cytotoxic effect ten times greater than unlabeled I-C19. I-C19 prevented K-Ras4B activation and decreased its dependent signaling pathways. The in vivo administration of I-C19 (30 mg/kg) greatly reduced tumor growth in colorectal cancer. The biokinetic profile showed renal and hepatobiliary elimination, and the highest radiation absorbed dose was delivered to the tumor (52 Gy/74 MBq). The data support the idea that 131I-C19 is a novel K-Ras4B/PDE6δ stabilizer with two functionalities: as a K-Ras4B signaling inhibitor and as a compound with radiotherapeutic activity against colorectal tumors.
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Gupta K, Jones JC, Farias VDA, Mackeyev Y, Singh PK, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Krishnan S. Identification of Synergistic Drug Combinations to Target KRAS-Driven Chemoradioresistant Cancers Utilizing Tumoroid Models of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Recurrent Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:840241. [PMID: 35664781 PMCID: PMC9158132 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.840241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment resistance is observed in all advanced cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) presenting as colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Multimodality treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies with selective utilization of immunotherapy and radiation therapy. Despite the early success of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) therapy, treatment resistance is common and often driven by mutations in APC, KRAS, RAF, and PI3K/mTOR and positive feedback between activated KRAS and WNT effectors. Challenges in the direct targeting of WNT regulators and KRAS have caused alternative actionable targets to gain recent attention. Utilizing an unbiased drug screen, we identified combinatorial targeting of DDR1/BCR-ABL signaling axis with small-molecule inhibitors of EGFR-ERBB2 to be potentially cytotoxic against multicellular spheroids obtained from WNT-activated and KRAS-mutant COAD lines (HCT116, DLD1, and SW480) independent of their KRAS mutation type. Based on the data-driven approach using available patient datasets (The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)), we constructed transcriptomic correlations between gene DDR1, with an expression of genes for EGFR, ERBB2-4, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway intermediates, BCR, and ABL and genes for cancer stem cell reactivation, cell polarity, and adhesion; we identified a positive association of DDR1 with EGFR, ERBB2, BRAF, SOX9, and VANGL2 in Pan-Cancer. The evaluation of the pathway network using the STRING database and Pathway Commons database revealed DDR1 protein to relay its signaling via adaptor proteins (SHC1, GRB2, and SOS1) and BCR axis to contribute to the KRAS-PI3K-AKT signaling cascade, which was confirmed by Western blotting. We further confirmed the cytotoxic potential of our lead combination involving EGFR/ERBB2 inhibitor (lapatinib) with DDR1/BCR-ABL inhibitor (nilotinib) in radioresistant spheroids of HCT116 (COAD) and, in an additional devastating primary cancer model, glioblastoma (GBM). GBMs overexpress DDR1 and share some common genomic features with COAD like EGFR amplification and WNT activation. Moreover, genetic alterations in genes like NF1 make GBMs have an intrinsically high KRAS activity. We show the combination of nilotinib plus lapatinib to exhibit more potent cytotoxic efficacy than either of the drugs administered alone in tumoroids of patient-derived recurrent GBMs. Collectively, our findings suggest that combinatorial targeting of DDR1/BCR-ABL with EGFR-ERBB2 signaling may offer a therapeutic strategy against stem-like KRAS-driven chemoradioresistant tumors of COAD and GBM, widening the window for its applications in mainstream cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshama Gupta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Jeremy C Jones
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Yuri Mackeyev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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30
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Lee H, Choi S, Ha S, Yoon S, Kim WY. ARL2 is required for homologous recombination repair and colon cancer stem cell survival. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1523-1533. [PMID: 35567502 PMCID: PMC9340879 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
ARL2 regulates the dynamics of cytological components and is highly expressed in colon cancer tissues. Here, we report novel roles of ARL2 in the cell nucleus and colon cancer stem cells (CSCs). ARL2 is expressed at relatively low levels in K‐RAS active colon cancer cells, but its expression is induced in CSCs. Depletion of ARL2 results in M phase arrest exclusively in non‐CSC cultured cells; in addition, DNA break stress accumulates in CSCs leading to apoptosis. ARL2 expression is positively associated with the expression of all six RAD51 family genes, which are essential for homologous recombination repair (HRR). Furthermore, ARL2 is required for HRR and detected within chromatin compartments. These results demonstrate the requirement of ARL2 in colon CSC maintenance, which possibly occurs through mediating double‐strand break DNA repair in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongparo 47 gil, Yongsangu, Seoul, 04312, Korea
| | - SeokGyeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongparo 47 gil, Yongsangu, Seoul, 04312, Korea
| | - Sojung Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongparo 47 gil, Yongsangu, Seoul, 04312, Korea
| | - Sukjoon Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongparo 47 gil, Yongsangu, Seoul, 04312, Korea
| | - Woo-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongparo 47 gil, Yongsangu, Seoul, 04312, Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmacal Research, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongparo 47 gil, Yongsangu, Seoul, 04312, Korea
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31
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Cáceres-Gutiérrez RE, Alfaro-Mora Y, Andonegui MA, Díaz-Chávez J, Herrera LA. The Influence of Oncogenic RAS on Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Resistance Through DNA Repair Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:751367. [PMID: 35359456 PMCID: PMC8962660 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.751367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS oncogenes are chief tumorigenic drivers, and their mutation constitutes a universal predictor of poor outcome and treatment resistance. Despite more than 30 years of intensive research since the identification of the first RAS mutation, most attempts to therapeutically target RAS mutants have failed to reach the clinic. In fact, the first mutant RAS inhibitor, Sotorasib, was only approved by the FDA until 2021. However, since Sotorasib targets the KRAS G12C mutant with high specificity, relatively few patients will benefit from this therapy. On the other hand, indirect approaches to inhibit the RAS pathway have revealed very intricate cascades involving feedback loops impossible to overcome with currently available therapies. Some of these mechanisms play different roles along the multistep carcinogenic process. For instance, although mutant RAS increases replicative, metabolic and oxidative stress, adaptive responses alleviate these conditions to preserve cellular survival and avoid the onset of oncogene-induced senescence during tumorigenesis. The resulting rewiring of cellular mechanisms involves the DNA damage response and pathways associated with oxidative stress, which are co-opted by cancer cells to promote survival, proliferation, and chemo- and radioresistance. Nonetheless, these systems become so crucial to cancer cells that they can be exploited as specific tumor vulnerabilities. Here, we discuss key aspects of RAS biology and detail some of the mechanisms that mediate chemo- and radiotherapy resistance of mutant RAS cancers through the DNA repair pathways. We also discuss recent progress in therapeutic RAS targeting and propose future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo E. Cáceres-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yair Alfaro-Mora
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Andonegui
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Díaz-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Luis A. Herrera, ; José Díaz-Chávez,
| | - Luis A. Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Luis A. Herrera, ; José Díaz-Chávez,
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Aguilar-Morante D, Gómez-Cabello D, Quek H, Liu T, Hamerlik P, Lim YC. Therapeutic Opportunities of Disrupting Genome Integrity in Adult Diffuse Glioma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020332. [PMID: 35203541 PMCID: PMC8869545 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult diffuse glioma, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), is a devastating tumor of the central nervous system. The existential threat of this disease requires on-going treatment to counteract tumor progression. The present outcome is discouraging as most patients will succumb to this disease. The low cure rate is consistent with the failure of first-line therapy, radiation and temozolomide (TMZ). Even with their therapeutic mechanism of action to incur lethal DNA lesions, tumor growth remains undeterred. Delivering additional treatments only delays the inescapable development of therapeutic tolerance and disease recurrence. The urgency of establishing lifelong tumor control needs to be re-examined with a greater focus on eliminating resistance. Early genomic and transcriptome studies suggest each tumor subtype possesses a unique molecular network to safeguard genome integrity. Subsequent seminal work on post-therapy tumor progression sheds light on the involvement of DNA repair as the causative contributor for hypermutation and therapeutic failure. In this review, we will provide an overview of known molecular factors that influence the engagement of different DNA repair pathways, including targetable vulnerabilities, which can be exploited for clinical benefit with the use of specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Aguilar-Morante
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (D.A.-M.); (D.G.-C.)
| | - Daniel Gómez-Cabello
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (D.A.-M.); (D.G.-C.)
| | - Hazel Quek
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | | | - Yi Chieh Lim
- Danish Cancer Society, 2100 København, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35-257-413
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