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Zihlif M, Hameduh T, Bulatova N, Hammad H. Alteration in the expression of the chemotherapy resistance‑related genes in response to chronic and acute hypoxia in pancreatic cancer. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:88. [PMID: 37901880 PMCID: PMC10603373 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is currently one of the least curable types of human cancer and remains a key health problem. One of the most important characteristics of pancreatic cancer is its ability to grow under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia is associated with resistance of cancer cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is a major contributor to pancreatic cancer genetic instability, which local and systemic resistance that may result in poor clinical outcome. Accordingly, identifying gene expression changes in cancer resistance genes that occur under hypoxic conditions may identify a new therapeutic target. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between hypoxia and resistance to chemotherapy and determine the alteration in the expression of cancer resistance-related genes in the presence of hypoxia. Pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) were exposed to 8 h hypoxic episodes (<1% oxygen) three times/week for a total of 20 episodes (chronic hypoxia) or 72 h hypoxic episodes twice/week for a total of 10 episodes (acute hypoxia). The alterations in gene expression were examined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR array compared with normoxic cells. Chemoresistance of hypoxic cells toward doxorubicin was assessed using MTT cell proliferation assay. Both chronic and acute hypoxia induced chemoresistance toward doxorubicin in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line. The greatest changes occurred in estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene (ESR1) and ETS Like-1 protein (ELK1) pathways, in nucleic transcription factor Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and in a cell cycle inhibitor cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A). The present study demonstrated that exposing cells to prolonged hypoxia results in different gene expression changes involving pleotropic pathways that serve a role in inducing resistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Tareq Hameduh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Nailya Bulatova
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hana Hammad
- Department of Biology, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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2
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Prosz A, Duan H, Tisza V, Sahgal P, Topka S, Klus GT, Börcsök J, Sztupinszki Z, Hanlon T, Diossy M, Vizkeleti L, Stormoen DR, Csabai I, Pappot H, Vijai J, Offit K, Ried T, Sethi N, Mouw KW, Spisak S, Pathania S, Szallasi Z. Nucleotide excision repair deficiency is a targetable therapeutic vulnerability in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20567. [PMID: 37996508 PMCID: PMC10667362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a demonstrated lack of DNA repair deficiencies, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not benefitted from targeted synthetic lethality-based therapies. We investigated whether nucleotide excision repair (NER) deficiency is present in an identifiable subset of ccRCC cases that would render those tumors sensitive to therapy targeting this specific DNA repair pathway aberration. We used functional assays that detect UV-induced 6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts to quantify NER deficiency in ccRCC cell lines. We also measured sensitivity to irofulven, an experimental cancer therapeutic agent that specifically targets cells with inactivated transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER). In order to detect NER deficiency in clinical biopsies, we assessed whole exome sequencing data for the presence of an NER deficiency associated mutational signature previously identified in ERCC2 mutant bladder cancer. Functional assays showed NER deficiency in ccRCC cells. Some cell lines showed irofulven sensitivity at a concentration that is well tolerated by patients. Prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1), which activates irofulven, was also associated with this sensitivity. Next generation sequencing data of the cell lines showed NER deficiency-associated mutational signatures. A significant subset of ccRCC patients had the same signature and high PTGR1 expression. ccRCC cell line-based analysis showed that NER deficiency is likely present in this cancer type. Approximately 10% of ccRCC patients in the TCGA cohort showed mutational signatures consistent with ERCC2 inactivation associated NER deficiency and also substantial levels of PTGR1 expression. These patients may be responsive to irofulven, a previously abandoned anticancer agent that has minimal activity in NER-proficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Prosz
- Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Haohui Duan
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Viktoria Tisza
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pranshu Sahgal
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sabine Topka
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Niehaus Center for Inherited Cancer Genomics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory T Klus
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judit Börcsök
- Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zsofia Sztupinszki
- Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Hanlon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miklos Diossy
- Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Vizkeleti
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dag Rune Stormoen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Istvan Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Helle Pappot
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Niehaus Center for Inherited Cancer Genomics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Niehaus Center for Inherited Cancer Genomics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Ried
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nilay Sethi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kent W Mouw
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandor Spisak
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Shailja Pathania
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Li S, Zhang J, Ni J, Cao J. Hypoxia-associated genes predicting future risk of myocardial infarction: a GEO database-based study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1068782. [PMID: 37465452 PMCID: PMC10351911 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1068782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with unstable angina (UA) are prone to myocardial infarction (MI) after an attack, yet the altered molecular expression profile therein remains unclear. The current work aims to identify the characteristic hypoxia-related genes associated with UA/MI and to develop a predictive model of hypoxia-related genes for the progression of UA to MI. Methods and results Gene expression profiles were obtained from the GEO database. Then, differential expression analysis and the WGCNA method were performed to select characteristic genes related to hypoxia. Subsequently, all 10 hypoxia-related genes were screened using the Lasso regression model and a classification model was established. The area under the ROC curve of 1 shows its excellent classification performance and is confirmed on the validation set. In parallel, we construct a nomogram based on these genes, showing the risk of MI in patients with UA. Patients with UA and MI had their immunological status determined using CIBERSORT. These 10 genes were primarily linked to B cells and some inflammatory cells, according to correlation analysis. Conclusion Overall, GWAS identified that the CSTF2F UA/MI risk gene promotes atherosclerosis, which provides the basis for the design of innovative cardiovascular drugs by targeting CSTF2F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiumei Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hypoxia in Skin Cancer: Molecular Basis and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054430. [PMID: 36901857 PMCID: PMC10003002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the Caucasian population. In the United States, it is estimated that at least one in five people will develop skin cancer in their lifetime, leading to significant morbidity and a healthcare burden. Skin cancer mainly arises from cells in the epidermal layer of the skin, where oxygen is scarce. There are three main types of skin cancer: malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Accumulating evidence has revealed a critical role for hypoxia in the development and progression of these dermatologic malignancies. In this review, we discuss the role of hypoxia in treating and reconstructing skin cancers. We will summarize the molecular basis of hypoxia signaling pathways in relation to the major genetic variations of skin cancer.
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5
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Prosz A, Duan H, Tisza V, Sahgal P, Topka S, Klus GT, Börcsök J, Sztupinszki Z, Hanlon T, Diossy M, Vizkeleti L, Stormoen DR, Csabai I, Pappot H, Vijai J, Offit K, Ried T, Sethi N, Mouw KW, Spisak S, Pathania S, Szallasi Z. Nucleotide excision repair deficiency is a targetable therapeutic vulnerability in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.07.527498. [PMID: 36798363 PMCID: PMC9934582 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.07.527498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Due to a demonstrated lack of DNA repair deficiencies, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not benefitted from targeted synthetic lethality-based therapies. We investigated whether nucleotide excision repair (NER) deficiency is present in an identifiable subset of ccRCC cases that would render those tumors sensitive to therapy targeting this specific DNA repair pathway aberration. Experimental Design We used functional assays that detect UV-induced 6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts to quantify NER deficiency in ccRCC cell lines. We also measured sensitivity to irofulven, an experimental cancer therapeutic agent that specifically targets cells with inactivated transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER). In order to detect NER deficiency in clinical biopsies, we assessed whole exome sequencing data for the presence of an NER deficiency associated mutational signature previously identified in ERCC2 mutant bladder cancer. Results Functional assays showed NER deficiency in ccRCC cells. Irofulven sensitivity increased in some cell lines. Prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1), which activates irofulven, was also associated with this sensitivity. Next generation sequencing data of the cell lines showed NER deficiency-associated mutational signatures. A significant subset of ccRCC patients had the same signature and high PTGR1 expression. Conclusions ccRCC cell line based analysis showed that NER deficiency is likely present in this cancer type. Approximately 10% of ccRCC patients in the TCGA cohort showed mutational signatures consistent with ERCC2 inactivation associated NER deficiency and also substantial levels of PTGR1 expression. These patients may be responsive to irofulven, a previously abandoned anticancer agent that has minimal activity in NER-proficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Prosz
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Haohui Duan
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
| | - Viktoria Tisza
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pranshu Sahgal
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sabine Topka
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Niehaus Center for Inherited Cancer Genomics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gregory T Klus
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judit Börcsök
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zsofia Sztupinszki
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy Hanlon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Miklos Diossy
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Laura Vizkeleti
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dag Rune Stormoen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Istvan Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Helle Pappot
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Niehaus Center for Inherited Cancer Genomics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York,New York
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Niehaus Center for Inherited Cancer Genomics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York,New York
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Ried
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nilay Sethi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kent W. Mouw
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sandor Spisak
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shailja Pathania
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Krasikova YS, Lavrik OI, Rechkunova NI. The XPA Protein-Life under Precise Control. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233723. [PMID: 36496984 PMCID: PMC9739396 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a central DNA repair pathway responsible for removing a wide variety of DNA-distorting lesions from the genome. The highly choreographed cascade of core NER reactions requires more than 30 polypeptides. The xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) protein plays an essential role in the NER process. XPA interacts with almost all NER participants and organizes the correct NER repair complex. In the absence of XPA's scaffolding function, no repair process occurs. In this review, we briefly summarize our current knowledge about the XPA protein structure and analyze the formation of contact with its protein partners during NER complex assembling. We focus on different ways of regulation of the XPA protein's activity and expression and pay special attention to the network of post-translational modifications. We also discuss the data that is not in line with the currently accepted hypothesis about the functioning of the XPA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya S. Krasikova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga I. Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nadejda I. Rechkunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Kciuk M, Gielecińska A, Kołat D, Kałuzińska Ż, Kontek R. Transcription factors in DNA damage response. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188757. [PMID: 35781034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) constitute a wide and highly diverse group of proteins capable of controlling gene expression. Their roles in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis have been established, but recently their role in the DNA damage response pathway (DDR) has emerged. Many of them can affect elements of canonical DDR pathways, modulating their activity and deciding on the effectiveness of DNA repair. In this review, we focus on the latest reports on the effects of two TFs with dual roles in oncogenesis and metastasis (hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF1α), proto-oncogene MYC) and three epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) TFs (twist-related protein 1 (TWIST), zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), and zinc finger protein 281 (ZNF281)) associated with control of canonical DDR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; University of Lodz, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Adrianna Gielecińska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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Faßbender S, Sondenheimer K, Majora M, Schindler J, Opitz FV, Pollet M, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Krutmann J, Weighardt H. Keratinocytes Counteract UVB-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice Via HIF-1a Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1183-1193. [PMID: 34571000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.07.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1a) regulates cellular metabolism under hypoxia but also immune responses and UVB-induced skin reactions. In keratinocytes, HIF-1a is an environmental sensor orchestrating the adaptation to environmental changes. Here, we investigated the role of HIF-1a in keratinocytes for skin reactions to acute and chronic UVB exposure in mice. The function of HIF-1a in keratinocytes under UVB exposure was analyzed in conditional keratinocyte-specific HIF-1a-KO (in short "cKO") mice. cKO mice were hypersensitive to acute high-dose UVB irradiation compared to wildtype (WT), displaying increased cell death and delayed barrier repair. After chronic low-dose UVB treatment, cKO mice also had stronger epidermal damage but reduced infiltration of dermal macrophages and T helper cells compared to WT mice. Irradiated cKO mice revealed accumulation of regulatory lymphocytes in dorsal skin-draining lymph nodes compared to WT and unirradiated mice. This was reflected by augmented IL-10 release of lymph node cells and a weaker contact hypersensitivity reaction to DNFB in UVB-exposed cKO mice compared to WT and unirradiated controls. In summary, we found that keratinocyte-specific HIF-1a expression is crucial for adaptation to UVB exposure and inhibits the development of UVB-induced immunosuppression in mice. Therefore, HIF-1a signaling in keratinocytes could ameliorate photoaging-related skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Faßbender
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Kevin Sondenheimer
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Majora
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schindler
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Friederike V Opitz
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Pollet
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Haarmann-Stemmann
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Heike Weighardt
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Swift ML, Beishline K, Azizkhan-Clifford J. Sp1-dependent recruitment of the histone acetylase p300 to DSBs facilitates chromatin remodeling and recruitment of the NHEJ repair factor Ku70. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 105:103171. [PMID: 34252870 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In response to DNA damage, most factors involved in damage recognition and repair are tightly regulated to ensure proper repair pathway choice. Histone acetylation at DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) by p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) is critical for the recruitment of DSB repair proteins to chromatin. Here, we show that phosphorylation of Sp1 by ATM increases its interaction with p300 and that Sp1-dependent recruitment of p300 to DSBs is necessary to modify the histones associated with p300 activity and NHEJ repair factor recruitment and repair. p300 is known to acetylate multiple residues on histones H3 and H4 necessary for NHEJ. Acetylation of H3K18 by p300 is associated with the recruitment of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and Ku70 to DSBs for NHEJ repair. Depletion of Sp1 results in decreased acetylation of lysines on histones H3 and H4. Specifically, cells depleted of Sp1 display defects in the acetylation of H3K18, resulting in defective SWI/SNF and Ku70 recruitment to DSBs. These results shed light on mechanisms by which chromatin remodelers are regulated to ensure activation of the appropriate DSB repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Swift
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kate Beishline
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jane Azizkhan-Clifford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Ciminera AK, Shuck SC, Termini J. Elevated glucose increases genomic instability by inhibiting nucleotide excision repair. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/10/e202101159. [PMID: 34426491 PMCID: PMC8385305 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic, elevated glucose inhibits nucleotide excision repair, which leads to accumulation of DNA glycation adducts, increased DNA strand breaks, and activation of the DNA damage response. We investigated potential mechanisms by which elevated glucose may promote genomic instability. Gene expression studies, protein measurements, mass spectroscopic analyses, and functional assays revealed that elevated glucose inhibited the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, promoted DNA strand breaks, and increased levels of the DNA glycation adduct N2-(1-carboxyethyl)-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine (CEdG). Glycation stress in NER-competent cells yielded single-strand breaks accompanied by ATR activation, γH2AX induction, and enhanced non-homologous end-joining and homology-directed repair. In NER-deficient cells, glycation stress activated ATM/ATR/H2AX, consistent with double-strand break formation. Elevated glucose inhibited DNA repair by attenuating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α–mediated transcription of NER genes via enhanced 2-ketoglutarate–dependent prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) activity. PHD inhibition enhanced transcription of NER genes and facilitated CEdG repair. These results are consistent with a role for hyperglycemia in promoting genomic instability as a potential mechanism for increasing cancer risk in metabolic disease. Because of the pleiotropic functions of many NER genes beyond DNA repair, these results may have broader implications for cellular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Ciminera
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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11
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Jiang F, Mao Y, Lu B, Zhou G, Wang J. A hypoxia risk signature for the tumor immune microenvironment evaluation and prognosis prediction in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14657. [PMID: 34282207 PMCID: PMC8289869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most prevalent form of acute leukemia. Patients with AML often have poor clinical prognoses. Hypoxia can activate a series of immunosuppressive processes in tumors, resulting in diseases and poor clinical prognoses. However, how to evaluate the severity of hypoxia in tumor immune microenvironment remains unknown. In this study, we downloaded the profiles of RNA sequence and clinicopathological data of pediatric AML patients from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database, as well as those of AML patients from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). In order to explore the immune microenvironment in AML, we established a risk signature to predict clinical prognosis. Our data showed that patients with high hypoxia risk score had shorter overall survival, indicating that higher hypoxia risk scores was significantly linked to immunosuppressive microenvironment in AML. Further analysis showed that the hypoxia could be used to serve as an independent prognostic indicator for AML patients. Moreover, we found gene sets enriched in high-risk AML group participated in the carcinogenesis. In summary, the established hypoxia-related risk model could act as an independent predictor for the clinical prognosis of AML, and also reflect the response intensity of the immune microenvironment in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No. 419, Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Yan Mao
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Binbin Lu
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Guoping Zhou
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Jimei Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No. 419, Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011 China
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12
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Renaudin X. Reactive oxygen species and DNA damage response in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 364:139-161. [PMID: 34507782 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Compared with normal cells, cancer cells often have an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. This high level of ROS allows the activation of different pathways essential for cellular transformation and tumorigenesis development. Increase of ROS can be due to increase of production or decrease of detoxification, both situations being well described in various cancers. Oxidative stress is involved at every step of cancer development from the initiation to the metastasis. How ROS arise is still a matter of debates and may vary with tissues, cell types or other conditions and may happen following a large diversity of mechanisms. Both oncogenic and tumor suppressor mutations can lead to an increase of ROS. In this chapter, I review how ROS are produced and detoxified and how ROS can damage DNA leading to the genomic instability featured in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Renaudin
- CNRS UMR9019, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France; Equipe labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer", Villejuif, France.
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13
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Kaplan AR, Glazer PM. Impact of hypoxia on DNA repair and genome integrity. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:61-68. [PMID: 31282537 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of the tumour microenvironment with profound effects on tumour biology, influencing cancer progression, the development of metastasis and patient outcome. Hypoxia also contributes to genomic instability and mutation frequency by inhibiting DNA repair pathways. This review summarises the diverse mechanisms by which hypoxia affects DNA repair, including suppression of homology-directed repair, mismatch repair and base excision repair. We also discuss the effects of hypoxia mimetics and agents that induce hypoxia on DNA repair, and we highlight areas of potential clinical relevance as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna R Kaplan
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Experimental Pathology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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14
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A highly annotated database of genes associated with platinum resistance in cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:6395-6405. [PMID: 34645978 PMCID: PMC8602037 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, is prescribed to 10-20% of all cancer patients. Unfortunately, platinum resistance develops in a significant number of patients and is a determinant of clinical outcome. Extensive research has been conducted to understand and overcome platinum resistance, and mechanisms of resistance can be categorized into several broad biological processes, including (1) regulation of drug entry, exit, accumulation, sequestration, and detoxification, (2) enhanced repair and tolerance of platinum-induced DNA damage, (3) alterations in cell survival pathways, (4) alterations in pleiotropic processes and pathways, and (5) changes in the tumor microenvironment. As a resource to the cancer research community, we provide a comprehensive overview accompanied by a manually curated database of the >900 genes/proteins that have been associated with platinum resistance over the last 30 years of literature. The database is annotated with possible pathways through which the curated genes are related to platinum resistance, types of evidence, and hyperlinks to literature sources. The searchable, downloadable database is available online at http://ptrc-ddr.cptac-data-view.org .
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15
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Abad E, Samino S, Grodzicki RL, Pagano G, Trifuoggi M, Graifer D, Potesil D, Zdrahal Z, Yanes O, Lyakhovich A. Identification of metabolic changes leading to cancer susceptibility in Fanconi anemia cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 503:185-196. [PMID: 33316348 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a chromosomal instability disorder of bone marrow associated with aplastic anemia, congenital abnormalities and a high risk of malignancies. The identification of more than two dozen FA genes has revealed a plethora of interacting proteins that are mainly involved in repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Other important findings associated with FA are inflammation, oxidative stress response, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy. In this work, we performed quantitative proteomic and metabolomic analyses on defective FA cells and identified a number of metabolic abnormalities associated with cancer. In particular, an increased de novo purine biosynthesis, a high concentration of fumarate, and an accumulation of purinosomal clusters were found. This was in parallel with decreased OXPHOS and altered glycolysis. On the whole, our results indicate an association between the need for nitrogenous bases upon impaired DDR in FA cells with a subsequent increase in purine metabolism and a potential role in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etna Abad
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - David Potesil
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Zdrahal
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering, IISPV, Tarragona 43007, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia; Vall D'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Shuck SC, Nguyen C, Chan Y, O’Connor T, Ciminera AK, Kahn M, Termini J. Metal-Assisted Protein Quantitation (MAPq): Multiplex Analysis of Protein Expression Using Lanthanide-Modified Antibodies with Detection by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7556-7564. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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XPA: DNA Repair Protein of Significant Clinical Importance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062182. [PMID: 32235701 PMCID: PMC7139726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is activated in response to a broad spectrum of DNA lesions, including bulky lesions induced by platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents. Expression levels of NER factors and resistance to chemotherapy has been examined with some suggestion that NER plays a role in tumour resistance; however, there is a great degree of variability in these studies. Nevertheless, recent clinical studies have suggested Xeroderma Pigmentosum group A (XPA) protein, a key regulator of the NER pathway that is essential for the repair of DNA damage induced by platinum-based chemotherapeutics, as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker for response to treatment. XPA functions in damage verification step in NER, as well as a molecular scaffold to assemble other NER core factors around the DNA damage site, mediated by protein–protein interactions. In this review, we focus on the interacting partners and mechanisms of regulation of the XPA protein. We summarize clinical oncology data related to this DNA repair factor, particularly its relationship with treatment outcome, and examine the potential of XPA as a target for small molecule inhibitors.
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18
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Magrone T, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Impact of Heavy Metals on Host Cells: Special Focus on Nickel-Mediated Pathologies and Novel Interventional Approaches. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:1041-1058. [PMID: 31782370 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191129120253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metals [arsenic, aluminium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, nickel (Ni), palladium and titanium] are environmental contaminants able to impact with host human cells, thus, leading to severe damage. OBJECTIVE In this review, the detrimental effects of several heavy metals on human organs will be discussed and special emphasis will be placed on Ni. In particular, Ni is able to interact with Toll-like receptor-4 on immune and non-immune cells, thus, triggering the cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Then, inflammatory and allergic reactions mediated by Ni will be illustrated within different organs, even including the central nervous system, airways and the gastrointestinal system. DISCUSSION Different therapeutic strategies have been adopted to mitigate Ni-induced inflammatoryallergic reactions. In this context, the ability of polyphenols to counteract the inflammatory pathway induced by Ni on peripheral blood leukocytes from Ni-sensitized patients will be outlined. In particular, polyphenols are able to decrease serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17, while increasing levels of IL- 10. These data suggest that the equilibrium between T regulatory cells and T helper 17 cells is recovered with IL-10 acting as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In the same context, polyphenols reduced elevated serum levels of nitric oxide, thus, expressing their anti-oxidant potential. Finally, the carcinogenic potential of heavy metals, even including Ni, will be highlighted. CONCLUSION Heavy metals, particularly Ni, are spread in the environment. Nutritional approaches seem to represent a novel option in the treatment of Ni-induced damage and, among them, polyphenols should be taken into consideration for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo A Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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19
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Son YO. Molecular Mechanisms of Nickel-Induced Carcinogenesis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:1015-1023. [PMID: 31774048 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191125112728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased use of heavy metal nickel in modern industries results in increased environmental impact. Occupational and environmental exposure to nickel is closely linked to an increased risk of human lung cancer and nasal cancer. OBJECTIVE Unlike other heavy metal carcinogens, nickel has weak mutagenic activity. Carcinogenesis caused by nickel is intensively studied, but the precise mechanism of action is not yet known. RESULTS Epigenetic changes, activation of hypoxia signaling pathways, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to be the major molecular mechanisms involved in nickelinduced carcinogenesis. CONCLUSION This review provides insights into current research on nickel-induced carcinogenesis and suggests possible effective therapeutic strategies for nickel-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ok Son
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Korea
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20
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Signaling Pathways, Chemical and Biological Modulators of Nucleotide Excision Repair: The Faithful Shield against UV Genotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4654206. [PMID: 31485292 PMCID: PMC6702832 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4654206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The continuous exposure of the human body's cells to radiation and genotoxic stresses leads to the accumulation of DNA lesions. Fortunately, our body has several effective repair mechanisms, among which is nucleotide excision repair (NER), to counteract these lesions. NER includes both global genome repair (GG-NER) and transcription-coupled repair (TC-NER). Deficiencies in the NER pathway underlie the development of several DNA repair diseases, such as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). Deficiencies in GG-NER and TC-NER render individuals to become prone to cancer and neurological disorders, respectively. Therefore, NER regulation is of interest in fine-tuning these risks. Distinct signaling cascades including the NFE2L2 (NRF2), AHR, PI3K/AKT1, MAPK, and CSNK2A1 pathways can modulate NER function. In addition, several chemical and biological compounds have proven success in regulating NER's activity. These modulators, particularly the positive ones, could therefore provide potential treatments for genetic DNA repair-based diseases. Negative modulators, nonetheless, can help sensitize cells to killing by genotoxic chemicals. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the major upstream signaling pathways and molecules that could modulate the NER's activity.
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21
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Abstract
Nickel is a naturally occurring element found in the Earth’s crust and an International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)-classified human carcinogen. While low levels found in the natural environment pose a minor concern, the extensive use of nickel in industrial settings such as in the production of stainless steel and various alloys complicate human exposure and health effects. Notably, interactions with nickel macromolecules, primarily through inhalation, have been demonstrated to promote lung cancer. Mechanisms of nickel-carcinogenesis range from oxidative stress, DNA damage, and hypoxia-inducible pathways to epigenetic mechanisms. Recently, non-coding RNAs have drawn increased attention in cancer mechanistic studies. Specifically, nickel has been found to disrupt expression and functions of micro-RNAs and long-non-coding RNAs, resulting in subsequent changes in target gene expression levels, some of which include key cancer genes such as p53, MDM2, c-myc, and AP-1. Non-coding RNAs are also involved in well-studied mechanisms of nickel-induced lung carcinogenesis, such as the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway, oxidative stress, DNA damage and repair, DNA hypermethylation, and alterations in tumor suppressors and oncogenes. This review provides a summary of the currently known epigenetic mechanisms involved in nickel-induced lung carcinogenesis, with a particular focus on non-coding RNAs.
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22
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Mahfouf W, Hosseini M, Muzotte E, Serrano-Sanchez M, Dousset L, Moisan F, Rachidi W, Taieb A, Rudolf J, Rezvani HR. Loss of Epidermal HIF-1α Blocks UVB-Induced Tumorigenesis by Affecting DNA Repair Capacity and Oxidative Stress. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2016-2028.e7. [PMID: 30878676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HIF-1α is constitutively expressed in mouse and human epidermis. It plays a crucial role in skin physiology, including the response of keratinocytes to UVR. However, little information is available about its role in photocarcinogenesis. Using a multistage model of UVB radiation-induced skin cancer, we show that the knockout of Hif-1α in the epidermis prevents tumorigenesis but at the same time triggers the formation of hyperkeratotic plaques. Our results indicate that the absence of oncogenic transformation in Hif-1α-ablated mice is related to increased DNA repair in keratinocytes, whereas the formation of hyperkeratotic plaques is caused by an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species. Indeed, impairing the DNA repair machinery by ablating xeroderma pigmentosum C restored the UVB-induced neoplastic transformation of Hif-1α-ablated keratinocytes, whereas the development of hyperkeratotic plaques was blocked by chronic antioxidant treatment. We conclude that HIF-1α plays a procarcinogenic role in UVB-induced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Mahfouf
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Muzotte
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Martin Serrano-Sanchez
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lea Dousset
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Moisan
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Walid Rachidi
- Nucleic Acids Lesions Laboratory, Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique/Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Alain Taieb
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France; Département de Dermatologie & Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France
| | - Jana Rudolf
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France.
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23
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Nordin AP, da Silva J, de Souza CT, Niekraszewicz LAB, Dias JF, da Boit K, Oliveira MLS, Grivicich I, Garcia ALH, Oliveira LFS, da Silva FR. In vitro genotoxic effect of secondary minerals crystallized in rocks from coal mine drainage. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 346:263-272. [PMID: 29288979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coal processing generates a large volume of waste that can damage human health and the environment. Often these wastes produce acid drainage in which several minerals are crystallized (evaporites). This study aimed to identify secondary minerals, as well as the genotoxic potential of these materials. The samples were collected at two sites along the Rocinha River in Santa Catarina state (Brazil): (1) directly from the source of the acid drainage (evaporite 1), and (2) on the river bank (evaporite 2). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and by particle-induced X-ray emission techniques. In vitro genotoxicity testing using Comet assay and Micronucleus test in V79 cells was used to evaluate evaporite samples. Our study also used System Biology tools to provide insight regarding the influence of this exposure on DNA damage in cells. The results showed that the samples induced DNA damage for both evaporites that can be explained by high concentrations of chromium, iron, nickel, copper and zinc in these materials. Thus, this study is very important due to the dearth of knowledge regarding the toxicity of evaporites in the environment. The genetic toxicity of this material can be induced by increased oxidative stress and DNA repair inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Perachi Nordin
- Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, La Salle University (UNILASALLE), Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Telles de Souza
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry and Oleochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liana A B Niekraszewicz
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kátia da Boit
- Universidad De La Costa, Calle #55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Marcos L S Oliveira
- Universidad De La Costa, Calle #55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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24
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Scanlon SE, Hegan DC, Sulkowski PL, Glazer PM. Suppression of homology-dependent DNA double-strand break repair induces PARP inhibitor sensitivity in VHL-deficient human renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:4647-4660. [PMID: 29435132 PMCID: PMC5797003 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene is inactivated in the vast majority of human clear cell renal carcinomas. The pathogenesis of VHL loss is currently best understood to occur through stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factors, activation of hypoxia-induced signaling pathways, and transcriptional reprogramming towards a pro-angiogenic and pro-growth state. However, hypoxia also drives other pro-tumorigenic processes, including the development of genomic instability via down-regulation of DNA repair gene expression. Here, we find that DNA repair genes involved in double-strand break repair by homologous recombination (HR) and in mismatch repair, which are down-regulated by hypoxic stress, are decreased in VHL-deficient renal cancer cells relative to wild type VHL-complemented cells. Functionally, this gene repression is associated with impaired DNA double-strand break repair in VHL-deficient cells, as determined by the persistence of ionizing radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks and reduced repair activity in a homology-dependent plasmid reactivation assay. Furthermore, VHL deficiency conferred increased sensitivity to PARP inhibitors, analogous to the synthetic lethality observed between hypoxia and these agents. Finally, we discovered a correlation between VHL inactivation and reduced HR gene expression in a large panel of human renal carcinoma samples. Together, our data elucidate a novel connection between VHL-deficient renal carcinoma and hypoxia-induced down-regulation of DNA repair, and identify potential opportunities for targeting DNA repair defects in human renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Scanlon
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Denise C. Hegan
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Parker L. Sulkowski
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter M. Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Scanlon SE, Scanlon CD, Hegan DC, Sulkowski PL, Glazer PM. Nickel induces transcriptional down-regulation of DNA repair pathways in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic lung cells. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:627-637. [PMID: 28472268 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heavy metal nickel is a known carcinogen, and occupational exposure to nickel compounds has been implicated in human lung and nasal cancers. Unlike many other environmental carcinogens, however, nickel does not directly induce DNA mutagenesis, and the mechanism of nickel-related carcinogenesis remains incompletely understood. Cellular nickel exposure leads to signaling pathway activation, transcriptional changes and epigenetic remodeling, processes also impacted by hypoxia, which itself promotes tumor growth without causing direct DNA damage. One of the mechanisms by which hypoxia contributes to tumor growth is the generation of genomic instability via down-regulation of high-fidelity DNA repair pathways. Here, we find that nickel exposure similarly leads to down-regulation of DNA repair proteins involved in homology-dependent DNA double-strand break repair (HDR) and mismatch repair (MMR) in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic human lung cells. Functionally, nickel induces a defect in HDR capacity, as determined by plasmid-based host cell reactivation assays, persistence of ionizing radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks and cellular hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation. Mechanistically, we find that nickel, in contrast to the metalloid arsenic, acutely induces transcriptional repression of HDR and MMR genes as part of a global transcriptional pattern similar to that seen with hypoxia. Finally, we find that exposure to low-dose nickel reduces the activity of the MLH1 promoter, but only arsenic leads to long-term MLH1 promoter silencing. Together, our data elucidate novel mechanisms of heavy metal carcinogenesis and contribute to our understanding of the influence of the microenvironment on the regulation of DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Scanlon
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA
| | - Christine D Scanlon
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and.,Department of Chemistry, Miss Porter's School, Farmington, CT 06032, USA and
| | - Denise C Hegan
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA
| | - Parker L Sulkowski
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA
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26
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Raad H, Serrano-Sanchez M, Harfouche G, Mahfouf W, Bortolotto D, Bergeron V, Kasraian Z, Dousset L, Hosseini M, Taieb A, Rezvani HR. NADPH Oxidase-1 Plays a Key Role in Keratinocyte Responses to UV Radiation and UVB-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1311-1321. [PMID: 28132856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) family enzymes are involved in several physiological functions. However, their roles in keratinocyte responses to UV radiation have not been clearly elucidated. This study shows that, among other NOX family members, UVB irradiation results in a biphasic activation of NOX1 that plays a critical role in defining keratinocyte fate through the modulation of the DNA damage response network. Indeed, suppression of both bursts of UVB-induced NOX1 activation by using a specific peptide inhibitor of NOX1 (InhNOX1) is associated with increased nucleotide excision repair efficiency and reduction of apoptosis, which is finally translated into decreased photocarcinogenesis. On the contrary, when only the second peak of UVB-induced NOX1 activation is blocked, both nucleotide excision repair efficiency and apoptosis are decreased. Our results show that inhibition of NOX1 activation could be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of UVB-induced skin cancer in nucleotide excision repair-proficient and -deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Raad
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Ghida Harfouche
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Walid Mahfouf
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Doriane Bortolotto
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vanessa Bergeron
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Zeinab Kasraian
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lea Dousset
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Service de Dermatologie Adulte et Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alain Taieb
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Service de Dermatologie Adulte et Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France; Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- Inserm Unit 1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France.
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Anindya R. Non-heme dioxygenases in tumor hypoxia: They're all bound with the same fate. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 49:21-25. [PMID: 27964836 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor tissues are known to harbor hypoxic areas. The hypoxic microenvironment promotes angiogenesis. Hypoxic tumor cells also manifest genome instability. DNA damage repair pathways, such as double-strand break repair, mismatch repair and base excision repair are known to be altered during hypoxia. This review is focused on the non-heme Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases which are involved in repair of DNA alkylation adducts. Activities of these DNA repair enzymes are completely oxygen-dependent and little information is available about inhibition of these enzymes during hypoxia. While impairment of function of non-heme dioxygenase during tumor hypoxia has been implicated in different studies, the possible outcomes with respect to mutagenesis and genomic instability are explored here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Transcriptional and Posttranslational Regulation of Nucleotide Excision Repair: The Guardian of the Genome against Ultraviolet Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111840. [PMID: 27827925 PMCID: PMC5133840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight represents a constant threat to genome stability by generating modified DNA bases such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PP). If unrepaired, these lesions can have deleterious effects, including skin cancer. Mammalian cells are able to neutralize UV-induced photolesions through nucleotide excision repair (NER). The NER pathway has multiple components including seven xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) proteins (XPA to XPG) and numerous auxiliary factors, including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein kinase and RCC1 like domain (RLD) and homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus (HECT) domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (HERC2). In this review we highlight recent data on the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of NER activity.
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Complete loss of function of the ubiquitin ligase HERC2 causes a severe neurodevelopmental phenotype. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 25:52-58. [PMID: 27759030 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of several neurogenetic diseases. We describe a Mauritanian patient harboring a homozygous deletion restricted to two contiguous genes HERC2 and OCA2 and presenting with severe developmental abnormalities. The deletion causes the complete loss of HERC2 protein function, an E3-ubiquitin ligase. HERC2 is known to target XPA and BRCA1 for degradation and a mechanism whereby it is involved in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. We showed that loss of HERC2 function leads to the accumulation of XPA and BRCA1 in the patient's fibroblasts and generates decreased sensitivity to apoptosis and increased level of DNA repair. Our data describe for the first time the phenotypic consequences, both at the clinical and cellular levels, of a complete loss of HERC2 function in a patient. They strongly suggest that profound ubiquitin ligase - associated dysfunction is responsible for the severe phenotype in this patient, and that dysfunction of this pathway may be involved in other patients with similar neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Diverse Mechanisms of Sp1-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation Potentially Involved in the Adaptive Response of Cancer Cells to Oxygen-Deficient Conditions. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 8:cancers8010002. [PMID: 26703734 PMCID: PMC4728449 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The inside of a tumor often contains a hypoxic area caused by a limited supply of molecular oxygen due to aberrant vasculature. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are major transcription factors that are required for cancer cells to adapt to such stress conditions. HIFs, complexed with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, bind to and activate target genes as enhancers of transcription. In addition to this common mechanism, the induction of the unfolded protein response and mTOR signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress is also known to be involved in the adaptation to hypoxia conditions. Sp1 is a ubiquitously-expressed transcription factor that plays a vital role in the regulation of numerous genes required for normal cell function. In addition to the well-characterized stress response mechanisms described above, increasing experimental evidence suggests that Sp1 and HIFs collaborate to drive gene expression in cancer cells in response to hypoxia, thereby regulating additional adaptive responses to cellular oxygen deficiency. However, these characteristics of Sp1 and their biological merits have not been summarized. In this review, we will discuss the diverse mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by Sp1 and their potential involvement in the adaptive response of cancer cells to hypoxic tumor microenvironments.
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31
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Piao MJ, Hewage SRKM, Han X, Kang KA, Kang HK, Lee NH, Hyun JW. Protective Effect of Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol against Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced DNA Damage by Inducing the Nucleotide Excision Repair System in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5629-41. [PMID: 26404324 PMCID: PMC4584344 DOI: 10.3390/md13095629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the protective properties of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), a phlorotannin, against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in HaCaT human keratinocytes. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) system is the pathway by which cells identify and repair bulky, helix-distorting DNA lesions such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced CPDs and 6-4 photoproducts. CPDs levels were elevated in UVB-exposed cells; however, this increase was reduced by DPHC. Expression levels of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) and excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1), which are essential components of the NER pathway, were induced in DPHC-treated cells. Expression of XPC and ERCC1 were reduced following UVB exposure, whereas DPHC treatment partially restored the levels of both proteins. DPHC also increased expression of transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1) and sirtuin 1, an up-regulator of XPC, in UVB-exposed cells. DPHC restored binding of the SP1 to the XPC promoter, which is reduced in UVB-exposed cells. These results indicate that DPHC can protect cells against UVB-induced DNA damage by inducing the NER system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | | | - Xia Han
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Hee Kyoung Kang
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Nam Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
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Silva I, Conceição N. Cloning, characterization and analysis of the 5′ regulatory region of zebrafish xpd gene. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 185:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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Scanlon SE, Glazer PM. Multifaceted control of DNA repair pathways by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 32:180-189. [PMID: 25956861 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, as a pervasive feature in the microenvironment of solid tumors, plays a significant role in cancer progression, metastasis, and ultimately clinical outcome. One key cellular consequence of hypoxic stress is the regulation of DNA repair pathways, which contributes to the genomic instability and mutator phenotype observed in human cancers. Tumor hypoxia can vary in severity and duration, ranging from acute fluctuating hypoxia arising from temporary blockages in the immature microvasculature, to chronic moderate hypoxia due to sparse vasculature, to complete anoxia at distances more than 150 μM from the nearest blood vessel. Paralleling the intra-tumor heterogeneity of hypoxia, the effects of hypoxia on DNA repair occur through diverse mechanisms. Acutely, hypoxia activates DNA damage signaling pathways, primarily via post-translational modifications. On a longer timescale, hypoxia leads to transcriptional and/or translational downregulation of most DNA repair pathways including DNA double-strand break repair, mismatch repair, and nucleotide excision repair. Furthermore, extended hypoxia can lead to long-term persistent silencing of certain DNA repair genes, including BRCA1 and MLH1, revealing a mechanism by which tumor suppressor genes can be inactivated. The discoveries of the hypoxic modulation of DNA repair pathways have highlighted many potential ways to target susceptibilities of hypoxic cancer cells. In this review, we will discuss the multifaceted hypoxic control of DNA repair at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels, and we will offer perspective on the future of its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Scanlon
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Experimental Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Phloroglucinol enhances the repair of UVB radiation-induced DNA damage via promotion of the nucleotide excision repair system in vitro and in vivo. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 28:131-8. [PMID: 25766644 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to solar UVB radiation can lead to the formation of DNA lesions such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is critical for the repair of CPDs induced by UV radiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of phloroglucinol to protect against the formation of UVB-induced CPDs in vitro and in vivo. Exposure to UVB radiation increased the number of CPDs in both HaCaT keratinocytes and mouse skin; however, these increases were reduced by treatment with phloroglucinol. Expression levels of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) and excision repair cross-complementation 1 (ERCC1), which are essential components of the NER pathway, were reduced following UVB exposure, although phloroglucinol treatment recovered these levels in both HaCaT keratinocytes and mouse skin. Phloroglucinol also inhibited UVB-induced reductions in binding of the transcription factors specificity protein 1 to the XPC promoter. These results demonstrate that phloroglucinol can protect cells against UVB-induced DNA damage by inducing NER.
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35
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Shah P, He YY. Molecular regulation of UV-induced DNA repair. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:254-64. [PMID: 25534312 DOI: 10.1111/php.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is a major etiologic factor for skin cancer, the most prevalent cancer in the United States, as well as premature skin aging. In particular, UVB radiation causes formation of specific DNA damage photoproducts between pyrimidine bases. These DNA damage photoproducts are repaired by a process called nucleotide excision repair, also known as UV-induced DNA repair. When left unrepaired, UVB-induced DNA damage leads to accumulation of mutations, predisposing people to carcinogenesis as well as to premature aging. Genetic loss of nucleotide excision repair leads to severe disorders, namely, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), trichothiodystrophy (TTD) and Cockayne syndrome (CS), which are associated with predisposition to skin carcinogenesis at a young age as well as developmental and neurological conditions. Regulation of nucleotide excision repair is an attractive avenue to preventing or reversing these detrimental consequences of impaired nucleotide excision repair. Here, we review recent studies on molecular mechanisms regulating nucleotide excision repair by extracellular cues and intracellular signaling pathways, with a special focus on the molecular regulation of individual repair factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Shah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Silva IAL, Cox CJ, Leite RB, Cancela ML, Conceição N. Evolutionary conservation of TFIIH subunits: implications for the use of zebrafish as a model to study TFIIH function and regulation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 172-173:9-20. [PMID: 24731924 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional factor IIH (TFIIH) is involved in cell cycle regulation, nucleotide excision repair, and gene transcription. Mutations in three of its subunits, XPB, XPD, and TTDA, lead to human recessive genetic disorders such as trichothiodystrophy and xeroderma pigmentosum, the latter of which is sometimes associated with Cockayne's syndrome. In the present study, we investigate the sequence conservation of TFIIH subunits among several teleost fish species and compare their characteristics and putative regulation by transcription factors to those of human and zebrafish. We report the following findings: (i) comparisons among protein sequences revealed a high sequence identity for each TFIIH subunit analysed; (ii) among transcription factors identified as putative regulators, OCT1 and AP1 have the highest binding-site frequencies in the promoters of TFIIH genes, and (iii) TFIIH genes have alternatively spliced isoforms. Finally, we compared the protein primary structure in human and zebrafish of XPD and XPB - two important ATP-dependent helicases that catalyse the unwinding of the DNA duplex at promoters during transcription - highlighting the conservation of domain regions such as the helicase domains. Our study suggests that zebrafish, a widely used model for many human diseases, could also act as an important model to study the function of TFIIH complex in repair and transcription regulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A L Silva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - C J Cox
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - R B Leite
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M L Cancela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - N Conceição
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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37
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Bristow RG, Berlin A, Dal Pra A. An arranged marriage for precision medicine: hypoxia and genomic assays in localized prostate cancer radiotherapy. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20130753. [PMID: 24588670 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in males in the Western world with one in six males diagnosed in their lifetime. Current clinical prognostication groupings use pathologic Gleason score, pre-treatment prostatic-specific antigen and Union for International Cancer Control-TNM staging to place patients with localized CaP into low-, intermediate- and high-risk categories. These categories represent an increasing risk of biochemical failure and CaP-specific mortality rates, they also reflect the need for increasing treatment intensity and justification for increased side effects. In this article, we point out that 30-50% of patients will still fail image-guided radiotherapy or surgery despite the judicious use of clinical risk categories owing to interpatient heterogeneity in treatment response. To improve treatment individualization, better predictors of prognosis and radiotherapy treatment response are needed to triage patients to bespoke and intensified CaP treatment protocols. These should include the use of pre-treatment genomic tests based on DNA or RNA indices and/or assays that reflect cancer metabolism, such as hypoxia assays, to define patient-specific CaP progression and aggression. More importantly, it is argued that these novel prognostic assays could be even more useful if combined together to drive forward precision cancer medicine for localized CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Bristow
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center (University Health Network), Toronto, ON, Canada
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Intratumoral Hypoxia as the Genesis of Genetic Instability and Clinical Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 772:189-204. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5915-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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39
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Luoto KR, Kumareswaran R, Bristow RG. Tumor hypoxia as a driving force in genetic instability. Genome Integr 2013; 4:5. [PMID: 24152759 PMCID: PMC4016142 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9414-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-regions of hypoxia exist within all tumors and the presence of intratumoral hypoxia has an adverse impact on patient prognosis. Tumor hypoxia can increase metastatic capacity and lead to resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Hypoxia also leads to altered transcription and translation of a number of DNA damage response and repair genes. This can lead to inhibition of recombination-mediated repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Hypoxia can also increase the rate of mutation. Therefore, tumor cell adaptation to the hypoxic microenvironment can drive genetic instability and malignant progression. In this review, we focus on hypoxia-mediated genetic instability in the context of aberrant DNA damage signaling and DNA repair. Additionally, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches to specifically target repair-deficient hypoxic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa R Luoto
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (University Health Network), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ramya Kumareswaran
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (University Health Network), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (University Health Network), 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G2M9, Canada
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (University Health Network), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (University Health Network), 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G2M9, Canada
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40
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Christmann M, Kaina B. Transcriptional regulation of human DNA repair genes following genotoxic stress: trigger mechanisms, inducible responses and genotoxic adaptation. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:8403-20. [PMID: 23892398 PMCID: PMC3794595 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair is the first barrier in the defense against genotoxic stress. In recent years, mechanisms that recognize DNA damage and activate DNA repair functions through transcriptional upregulation and post-translational modification were the focus of intensive research. Most DNA repair pathways are complex, involving many proteins working in discrete consecutive steps. Therefore, their balanced expression is important for avoiding erroneous repair that might result from excessive base removal and DNA cleavage. Amelioration of DNA repair requires both a fine-tuned system of lesion recognition and transcription factors that regulate repair genes in a balanced way. Transcriptional upregulation of DNA repair genes by genotoxic stress is counteracted by DNA damage that blocks transcription. Therefore, induction of DNA repair resulting in an adaptive response is only visible through a narrow window of dose. Here, we review transcriptional regulation of DNA repair genes in normal and cancer cells and describe mechanisms of promoter activation following genotoxic exposures through environmental carcinogens and anticancer drugs. The data available to date indicate that 25 DNA repair genes are subject to regulation following genotoxic stress in rodent and human cells, but for only a few of them, the data are solid as to the mechanism, homeostatic regulation and involvement in an adaptive response to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Christmann
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
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41
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Metcalf JL, Bradshaw PS, Komosa M, Greer SN, Stephen Meyn M, Ohh M. K63-ubiquitylation of VHL by SOCS1 mediates DNA double-strand break repair. Oncogene 2013; 33:1055-65. [PMID: 23455319 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair is essential for maintaining genomic stability, and defects in this process significantly increase the risk of cancer. Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) caused by inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene is characterized by high genomic instability. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the association between the loss of VHL and genomic instability remains unclear. Here, we show that suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) promotes nuclear redistribution and K63-ubiquitylation of VHL in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Loss of VHL or VHL mutations that compromise its K63-ubiquitylation attenuates the DNA-damage response (DDR), resulting in decreased homologous recombination repair and persistence of DSBs. These results identify VHL as a component of the DDR network, inactivation of which contributes to the genomic instability associated with CCRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Metcalf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P S Bradshaw
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Komosa
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S N Greer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Stephen Meyn
- 1] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [3] Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Ohh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Grillon C, Matejuk A, Nadim M, Lamerant-Fayel N, Kieda C. News on microenvironmental physioxia to revisit skin cell targeting approaches. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:723-8. [PMID: 22882247 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a multifunctional organ and a first line of defense actively protecting from environmental stress caused by injury, microbial treat, UV irradiation and environmental toxins. Diverse cutaneous cell types together with extracellular matrix elements and factors create a dynamic scene for cellular communication crucial in vital processes such as wound healing, inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response. Direct functional success of skin equilibrium depends on its microenvironment settings and particularly the local oxygen tension. Indeed, skin entire milieu is characterized by and highly dependent on its low oxygen tension called physioxia as emphasized in this review. In the context of skin physioxia, we review and propose here new approaches to minimize age-related changes in skin state and function. We particularly emphasize carbohydrate-mediated interactions and new 3D models of engineered skin substitutes. We highlight newly emerged tools and targets including stem cells, miRNAs, matrix metalloproteinases, mitochondria and natural antioxidants that are promising in prevention of skin ageing and disease restraint. In the era of advanced dermatology, new attempts are bringing us closer to 'well being' perception.
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p53 Ser15 phosphorylation disrupts the p53-RPA70 complex and induces RPA70-mediated DNA repair in hypoxia. Biochem J 2012; 443:811-20. [PMID: 22288499 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular stressors are known to inhibit the p53-RPA70 (replication protein A, 70 kDa subunit) complex, and RPA70 increases cellular DNA repair in cancer cells. We hypothesized that regulation of RPA70-mediated DNA repair might be responsible for the inhibition of apoptosis in hypoxic tumours. We have shown that, in cancer cells, hypoxia disrupts the p53-RPA70 complex, thereby enhancing RPA70-mediated NER (nucleotide excision repair)/NHEJ (non-homologous end-joining) repair. In normal cells, RPA70 binds to the p53-NTD (N-terminal domain), whereas this binding is disrupted in hypoxia. Phosphorylation of p53-NTD is a crucial event in dissociating both NTD-RPA70 and p53-RPA70 complexes. Serial mutations at serine and threonine residues in the NTD confirm that p53(Ser15) phosphorylation induces dissociation of the p53-RPA70 complex in hypoxia. DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase) is shown to induce p53(Ser15) phosphorylation, thus enhancing RPA70-mediated NER/NHEJ repair. Furthermore, RPA70 gene silencing induces significant increases in cellular apoptosis in the resistant hypoxic cancer cells. We have thus elucidated a novel pathway showing how DNA-PK-mediated p53(Ser15) phosphorylation dissociates the p53-RPA70 complex, thus enhancing NER/NHEJ repair, which causes resistance to apoptosis in hypoxic cancer cells. This novel finding may open new strategies in developing cancer therapeutics on the basis of the regulation of RPA70-mediated NER/NHEJ repair.
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Rezvani HR, Ali N, Serrano-Sanchez M, Dubus P, Varon C, Ged C, Pain C, Cario-André M, Seneschal J, Taïeb A, de Verneuil H, Mazurier F. Loss of epidermal hypoxia-inducible factor-1α accelerates epidermal aging and affects re-epithelialization in human and mouse. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:4172-83. [PMID: 22193962 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.082370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In mouse and human skin, HIF-1α is constitutively expressed in the epidermis, mainly in the basal layer. HIF-1α has been shown to have crucial systemic functions: regulation of kidney erythropoietin production in mice with constitutive HIF-1α epidermal deletion, and hypervascularity following epidermal HIF-1α overexpression. However, its local role in keratinocyte physiology has not been clearly defined. To address the function of HIF-1α in the epidermis, we used the mouse model of HIF-1α knockout targeted to keratinocytes (K14-Cre/Hif1a(flox/flox)). These mice had a delayed skin phenotype characterized by skin atrophy and pruritic inflammation, partly mediated by basement membrane disturbances involving laminin-332 (Ln-332) and integrins. We also investigated the relevance of results of studies in mice to human skin using reconstructed epidermis and showed that HIF-1α knockdown in human keratinocytes impairs the formation of a viable reconstructed epidermis. A diminution of keratinocyte growth potential, following HIF-1α silencing, was associated with a decreased expression of Ln-322 and α6 integrin and β1 integrin. Overall, these results indicate a role of HIF-1α in skin homeostasis especially during epidermal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Rezvani
- INSERM, Biothérapies des maladies génétiques et cancers, U1035, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33000 France
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Rezvani HR, Ali N, Nissen LJ, Harfouche G, de Verneuil H, Taïeb A, Mazurier F. HIF-1α in epidermis: oxygen sensing, cutaneous angiogenesis, cancer, and non-cancer disorders. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1793-805. [PMID: 21633368 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Besides lung, postnatal human epidermis is the only epithelium in direct contact with atmospheric oxygen. Skin epidermal oxygenation occurs mostly through atmospheric oxygen rather than tissue vasculature, resulting in a mildly hypoxic microenvironment that favors increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Considering the wide spectrum of biological processes, such as angiogenesis, inflammation, bioenergetics, proliferation, motility, and apoptosis, that are regulated by this transcription factor, its high expression level in the epidermis might be important to HIF-1α in skin physiology and pathophysiology. Here, we review the role of HIF-1α in cutaneous angiogenesis, skin tumorigenesis, and several skin disorders.
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Nys K, Maes H, Dudek AM, Agostinis P. Uncovering the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1α in skin carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1816:1-12. [PMID: 21338656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a pleiotropic transcription factor typically activated in response to low oxygen tension as well as other stress factors in normoxic conditions. Upon activation HIF-1α mediates the transcriptional activation of target genes involved in a variety of processes comprising stress adaptation, metabolism, growth and invasion, but also apoptotic cell death. The molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways and downstream targets evoked by the activation of HIF-1α in epidermal cells are becoming increasingly understood and underscore the participation of HIF-1α in crucial processes including malignant transformation and cancer progression. Recent studies have implicated HIF-1α as an integral part of the multifaceted signal transduction initiated by the exposure of keratinocytes to ultraviolet radiation B (UVB), which represents the most ubiquitous hazard for human skin and the principal risk factor for skin cancer. HIF-1α activation by UVB exposure contributes to either repair or the removal of UVB-damaged keratinocytes by inducing apoptosis, thus revealing a tumor suppressor role for HIF-1α in these cells. On the other hand, the constitutive expression of HIF-1α evoked by the mild hypoxic state of the skin has been implicated as a positive factor in the transformation of normal melanocytes into malignant melanoma, one of the most aggressive types of human cancers. Here we review the uncovered and complex role of HIF-1α in skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Nys
- Cell Death Research & Therapy Laboratory, Department Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestroat 49, box 901, B-3000, Belgium
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XPC silencing in normal human keratinocytes triggers metabolic alterations through NOX-1 activation-mediated reactive oxygen species. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:609-19. [PMID: 21167810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize complex mechanisms to remodel their bioenergetic properties. We exploited the intrinsic genomic stability of xeroderma pigmentosum C (XPC) to understand the inter-relationships between genomic instability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and metabolic alterations during neoplastic transformation. We showed that knockdown of XPC (XPC(KD)) in normal human keratinocytes results in metabolism remodeling through NADPH oxidase-1 (NOX-1) activation, which in turn leads to increased ROS levels. While enforcing antioxidant defenses by overexpressing catalase, CuZnSOD, or MnSOD could not block the metabolism remodeling, impaired NOX-1 activation abrogates both alteration in ROS levels and modifications of energy metabolism. As NOX-1 activation is observed in human squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), the blockade of NOX-1 could be a target for the prevention and the treatment of skin cancers.
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Chan N, Bristow RG. "Contextual" synthetic lethality and/or loss of heterozygosity: tumor hypoxia and modification of DNA repair. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:4553-60. [PMID: 20823145 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia exists in every solid tumor and is associated with poor prognosis because of both local and systemic therapeutic resistance. Recent studies have focused on the interaction between tumor cell genetics and the dynamic state of oxygenation and metabolism. Hypoxia generates aggressive tumor cell phenotypes in part owing to ongoing genetic instability and a "mutator" phenotype. The latter may be due to suppression of DNA mismatch repair (MMR), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and double-strand break (DSB) repair. We propose a theoretical model in which hypoxia-mediated defects in DNA repair can lead to "contextual loss of heterozygosity" and drive oncogenesis. Additionally, hypoxia-mediated repair defects can be specifically targeted by DNA damaging agents and/or "contextual synthetic lethality" to kill repair-deficient cells and preserve the therapeutic ratio. These proposed concepts support the interrogation of solid tumors to document repair defects in both oxic and hypoxic tumor subregions as a conduit to novel clinical trials within the context of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Chan
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital (University Health Network), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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49
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Rezvani HR, Mazurier F, Morice-Picard F, Jouary T, Cario-André M, Ged C, de Verneuil H, Taïeb A. Xeroderma pigmentosum: clues to understanding cancer initiation. DERMATOL SIN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1027-8117(10)60021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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