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Retraction of 'Interplay between REST and nucleolin transcription factors: a key mechanism in the overexpression of genes upon increased phosphorylation'. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:12606. [PMID: 34791384 PMCID: PMC8643682 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Roychowdhury T, Chattopadhyay S. Chemical Decorations of "MARs" Residents in Orchestrating Eukaryotic Gene Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602994. [PMID: 33409278 PMCID: PMC7779526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome organization plays a crucial role in gene regulation, orchestrating multiple cellular functions. A meshwork of proteins constituting a three-dimensional (3D) matrix helps in maintaining the genomic architecture. Sequences of DNA that are involved in tethering the chromatin to the matrix are called scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs), and the proteins that bind to these sequences and mediate tethering are termed S/MAR-binding proteins (S/MARBPs). The regulation of S/MARBPs is important for cellular functions and is altered under different conditions. Limited information is available presently to understand the structure–function relationship conclusively. Although all S/MARBPs bind to DNA, their context- and tissue-specific regulatory roles cannot be justified solely based on the available information on their structures. Conformational changes in a protein lead to changes in protein–protein interactions (PPIs) that essentially would regulate functional outcomes. A well-studied form of protein regulation is post-translational modification (PTM). It involves disulfide bond formation, cleavage of precursor proteins, and addition or removal of low-molecular-weight groups, leading to modifications like phosphorylation, methylation, SUMOylation, acetylation, PARylation, and ubiquitination. These chemical modifications lead to varied functional outcomes by mechanisms like modifying DNA–protein interactions and PPIs, altering protein function, stability, and crosstalk with other PTMs regulating subcellular localizations. S/MARBPs are reported to be regulated by PTMs, thereby contributing to gene regulation. In this review, we discuss the current understanding, scope, disease implications, and future perspectives of the diverse PTMs regulating functions of S/MARBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India.,Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India.,Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Tong Z, Tang Y, Jiang B, Wu Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Xiao X. Phosphorylation of nucleolin is indispensable to upregulate miR-21 and inhibit apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:4044-4053. [PMID: 30256395 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolin is a multifunctional phosphoprotein and is involved in protecting from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The function of nucleolin is regulated by posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and glycosylation. To study whether phosphorylation of nucleolin (P-nucleolin) was involved in the protection from myocardial I/R injury. We investigated the expression pattern of P-nucleolin (Thr-76 and 84) in hearts subjected to I/R injury, or rat cardiac myoblast cells (H9C2) subjected to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The results showed that the expression of P-nucleolin and the ratio of P-nucleolin/nucleolin were significantly increased both in vivo and in vitro. Mutant nucleolin was obtained by site directed mutagenesis in vitro: threonine at 76 and 84 was replaced by alanine, and we found that the protective effect of nucleolin on apoptosis induced by oxidative stress was dependent on its phosphorylation at 76 and 84 in H9C2 cells. Furthermore, the cardio-protective roles of P-nucleolin (Thr-76 and 84) in H9C2 cardiomyocytes, were attributable to the upregulation of microRNA (miR)-21. Further analysis found that P-nucleolin (Thr-76 and 84) could bind to miR-21, and P-nucleolin colocalized with argonaute 2 (Ago2) in cytoplasm and could interact with Ago2 in a RNA-independent manner under cell oxidative stress. The current study revealed that P-nucleolin (Thr-76 and 84) increased in I/R injury myocardium, P-nucleolin was indispensable to upregulate miR-21 and inhibited apoptosis induced by H 2 O 2 in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. These findings provided new insight into the molecular mechanisms of nucleolin in myocardial I/R injury and oxidative stress cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Tong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyang Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Food Science and Technology College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanjuan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanbin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Gregório AC, Lacerda M, Figueiredo P, Simões S, Dias S, Moreira JN. Meeting the needs of breast cancer: A nucleolin's perspective. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 125:89-101. [PMID: 29650282 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in the management of breast cancer disease has been the development of metastases. Finding new molecular targets and the design of targeted therapeutic approaches to improve the overall survival and quality of life of these patients is, therefore, of great importance. Nucleolin, which is overexpressed in cancer cells and tumor-associated blood vessels, have been implicated in various processes supporting tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Additionally, its overexpression has been demonstrated in a variety of human neoplasias as an unfavorable prognostic factor, associated with a high risk of relapse and low overall survival. Hence, nucleolin has emerged as a relevant target for therapeutic intervention in cancer malignancy, including breast cancer. This review focus on the contribution of nucleolin for cancer disease and on the development of therapeutic strategies targeting this protein. In this respect, it also provides a critical analysis about the potential and pitfalls of nanomedicine for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Gregório
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuela Lacerda
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Figueiredo
- IPOFG-EPE - Portuguese Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Dias
- IMM - Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Interactomic analysis of REST/NRSF and implications of its functional links with the transcription suppressor TRIM28 during neuronal differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39049. [PMID: 27976729 PMCID: PMC5157023 DOI: 10.1038/srep39049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is a transcriptional repressor that regulates gene expression by binding to repressor element 1. However, despite its critical function in physiology, little is known about its interaction proteins. Here we identified 204 REST-interacting proteins using affinity purification and mass spectrometry. The interactome included proteins associated with mRNA processing/splicing, chromatin organization, and transcription. The interactions of these REST-interacting proteins, which included TRIM28, were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that neuronal differentiation-related GO terms were enriched among target genes that were co-regulated by REST and TRIM28, while the level of CTNND2 was increased by the knockdown of REST and TRIM28. Consistently, the level of CTNND2 increased while those of REST and TRIM28 decreased during neuronal differentiation in the primary neurons, suggesting that CTNND2 expression may be co-regulated by both. Furthermore, neurite outgrowth was increased by depletion of REST or TRIM28, implying that reduction of both REST and TRIM28 could promote neuronal differentiation via induction of CTNND2 expression. In conclusion, our study of REST reveals novel interacting proteins which could be a valuable resource for investigating unidentified functions of REST and also suggested functional links between REST and TRIM28 during neuronal development.
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Salvetti A, Couté Y, Epstein A, Arata L, Kraut A, Navratil V, Bouvet P, Greco A. Nuclear Functions of Nucleolin through Global Proteomics and Interactomic Approaches. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1659-69. [PMID: 27049334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL) is a major component of the cell nucleolus, which has the ability to rapidly shuttle to several other cells' compartments. NCL plays important roles in a variety of essential functions, among which are ribosome biogenesis, gene expression, and cell growth. However, the precise mechanisms underlying NCL functions are still unclear. Our study aimed to provide new information on NCL functions via the identification of its nuclear interacting partners. Using an interactomics approach, we identified 140 proteins co-purified with NCL, among which 100 of them were specifically found to be associated with NCL after RNase digestion. The functional classification of these proteins confirmed the prominent role of NCL in ribosome biogenesis and additionally revealed the possible involvement of nuclear NCL in several pre-mRNA processing pathways through its interaction with RNA helicases and proteins participating in pre-mRNA splicing, transport, or stability. NCL knockdown experiments revealed that NCL regulates the localization of EXOSC10 and the amount of ZC3HAV1, two components of the RNA exosome, further suggesting its involvement in the control of mRNA stability. Altogether, this study describes the first nuclear interactome of human NCL and provides the basis for further understanding the mechanisms underlying the essential functions of this nucleolar protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Salvetti
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308 , 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 69007 Lyon, France
- Labex Ecofect Université de Lyon , 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes , 38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, BIG-BGE , 38000 Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE , 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alberto Epstein
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308 , 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 69007 Lyon, France
- Labex Ecofect Université de Lyon , 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Loredana Arata
- Subdepartment of Molecular Genetics, Public Health Institute of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandra Kraut
- Université Grenoble Alpes , 38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, BIG-BGE , 38000 Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE , 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Navratil
- Pôle Rhône Alpes de Bioinformatique (PRABI), Université Lyon 1 , 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Bouvet
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 69007 Lyon, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286 , 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Anna Greco
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308 , 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon , 69007 Lyon, France
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Berger CM, Gaume X, Bouvet P. The roles of nucleolin subcellular localization in cancer. Biochimie 2015; 113:78-85. [PMID: 25866190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL) is one of the most abundant non ribosomal protein of the nucleolus where it plays a central role in polymerase I transcription. NCL is also found outside of the nucleolus, in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm as well as on the cell membrane. It acts in all cell compartments to control cellular homeostasis and therefore each cellular pool of NCL can play a different role in cancer development. NCL overexpression and its increased localization at the cell membrane is a common feature of several tumor cells. In cancer cells, NCL overexpression influences cell survival, proliferation and invasion through its action on different cellular pathways. In this review, we describe how the multiple functions of NCL that are associated to its multiple cellular localization can participate to the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Madeleine Berger
- Département de Biologie, Master Biosciences, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, CNRS USR 3010, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 7, France
| | - Xavier Gaume
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, CNRS USR 3010, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 7, France
| | - Philippe Bouvet
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, CNRS USR 3010, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 7, France.
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Hoja-Łukowicz D, Kedracka-Krok S, Duda W, Lityńska A. The lectin-binding pattern of nucleolin and its interaction with endogenous galectin-3. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2014; 19:461-82. [PMID: 25169435 PMCID: PMC6275868 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-014-0206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike nuclear nucleolin, surface-expressed and cytoplasmic nucleolin exhibit Tn antigen. Here, we show localization-dependent differences in the glycosylation and proteolysis patterns of nucleolin. Our results provide evidence for different paths of nucleolin proteolysis in the nucleus, in the cytoplasm, and on the cell surface. We found that full-length nucleolin and some proteolytic fragments coexist within live cells and are not solely the result of the preparation procedure. Extranuclear nucleolin undergoes N- and O-glycosylation, and unlike cytoplasmic nucleolin, membrane-associated nucleolin is not fucosylated. Here, we show for the first time that nucleolin and endogenous galectin-3 exist in the same complexes in the nucleolus, the cytoplasm, and on the cell surface of melanoma cells. Assessments of the interaction of nucleolin with galectin-3 revealed nucleolar co-localization in interphase, suggesting that galectin-3 may be involved in DNA organization and ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Hoja-Łukowicz
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387, Kraków, Poland,
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Das S, Cong R, Shandilya J, Senapati P, Moindrot B, Monier K, Delage H, Mongelard F, Kumar S, Kundu TK, Bouvet P. Characterization of nucleolin K88 acetylation defines a new pool of nucleolin colocalizing with pre-mRNA splicing factors. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:417-24. [PMID: 23353999 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolin is a multifunctional protein that carries several post-translational modifications. We characterized nucleolin acetylation and developed antibodies specific to nucleolin K88 acetylation. Using this antibody we show that nucleolin is acetylated in vivo and is not localized in the nucleoli, but instead is distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that acetylated nucleolin is co-localized with the splicing factor SC35 and partially with Y12. Acetylated nucleolin is expressed in all tested proliferating cell types. Our findings show that acetylation defines a new pool of nucleolin which support a role for nucleolin in the regulation of mRNA maturation and transcription by RNA polymerase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhan Das
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS USR 3010, Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, Lyon, France
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Abstract
Nucleolin is a multifunctional protein localized primarily in the nucleolus, but also found in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm and cell membrane. It is involved in several aspects of DNA metabolism, and participates extensively in RNA regulatory mechanisms, including transcription, ribosome assembly, mRNA stability and translation, and microRNA processing. Nucleolin's implication in disease is linked to its ability to associate with target RNAs via its four RNA-binding domains and its arginine/glycin-rich domain. By modulating the post-transcriptional fate of target mRNAs, which typically bear AU-rich and/or G-rich elements, nucleolin has been linked to cellular events that influence disease, notably cell proliferation and protection against apoptotic death. Through its diverse RNA functions, nucleolin is increasingly implicated in pathological processes, particularly cancer and viral infection. Here, we review the RNA-binding activities of nucleolin, its influence on gene expression patterns, and its impact upon diseases. We also discuss the rising interest in targeting nucleolin therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Litchfield LM, Riggs KA, Hockenberry AM, Oliver LD, Barnhart KG, Cai J, Pierce WM, Ivanova MM, Bates PJ, Appana SN, Datta S, Kulesza P, McBryan J, Young LS, Klinge CM. Identification and characterization of nucleolin as a COUP-TFII coactivator of retinoic acid receptor β transcription in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38278. [PMID: 22693611 PMCID: PMC3365040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The orphan nuclear receptor COUP-TFII plays an undefined role in breast cancer. Previously we reported lower COUP-TFII expression in tamoxifen/endocrine-resistant versus sensitive breast cancer cell lines. The identification of COUP-TFII-interacting proteins will help to elucidate its mechanism of action as a transcriptional regulator in breast cancer. RESULTS FLAG-affinity purification and multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) identified nucleolin among the proteins interacting with COUP-TFII in MCF-7 tamoxifen-sensitive breast cancer cells. Interaction of COUP-TFII and nucleolin was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins in MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells. In vitro studies revealed that COUP-TFII interacts with the C-terminal arginine-glycine repeat (RGG) domain of nucleolin. Functional interaction between COUP-TFII and nucleolin was indicated by studies showing that siRNA knockdown of nucleolin and an oligonucleotide aptamer that targets nucleolin, AS1411, inhibited endogenous COUP-TFII-stimulated RARB2 expression in MCF-7 and T47D cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed COUP-TFII occupancy of the RARB2 promoter was increased by all-trans retinoic acid (atRA). RARβ2 regulated gene RRIG1 was increased by atRA and COUP-TFII transfection and inhibited by siCOUP-TFII. Immunohistochemical staining of breast tumor microarrays showed nuclear COUP-TFII and nucleolin staining was correlated in invasive ductal carcinomas. COUP-TFII staining correlated with ERα, SRC-1, AIB1, Pea3, MMP2, and phospho-Src and was reduced with increased tumor grade. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that nucleolin plays a coregulatory role in transcriptional regulation of the tumor suppressor RARB2 by COUP-TFII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey M. Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Krista A. Riggs
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Alyson M. Hockenberry
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Oliver
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Katelyn G. Barnhart
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - William M. Pierce
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Margarita M. Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Paula J. Bates
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Savitri N. Appana
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Susmita Datta
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Piotr Kulesza
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jean McBryan
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Leonie S. Young
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carolyn M. Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
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Kolev M, Towner L, Donev R. Complement in cancer and cancer immunotherapy. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 59:407-19. [PMID: 21960413 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increase of interest in the use of biological or immune-based therapies for patients with malignancies. This has been informed by the deeper understanding of the crosstalk between the host immune system and malignant tumours, as well as the potential advantages of immunotherapy-high specificity and less toxicity compared to standard approaches. The particular emphasis of this article is on the role of the complement system in tumour growth and antibody-based cancer immunotherapy. The functional consequences from overexpression of complement regulators by tumours and the development of strategies for overcoming this are discussed in detail. This review discusses these issues with a view to inspiring the development of new agents that could be useful for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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Kolev MV, Ruseva MM, Morgan BP, Donev RM. Targeting neural-restrictive silencer factor sensitizes tumor cells to antibody-based cancer immunotherapy in vitro via multiple mechanisms. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2010; 184:6035-42. [PMID: 20421646 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells escape clearance by complement by abundantly expressing CD59 and other membrane complement regulators. Recently, we designed a peptide derived from the neural-restrictive silencer factor (REST), REST68, which we showed to inhibit expression of CD59 in tumors lacking the full-length REST and proposed a detailed model for regulation of CD59 expression via interplay between REST and nucleolin (NCL) transcription factors. In this paper, we study in detail the mechanisms for sensitization of malignant cells to Ab-based cancer immunotherapy by the REST68 peptide and the implications of the REST/NCL model for the design of treatment resulting in higher tumor susceptibility. REST68 inhibited CD59 expression in malignant cells expressing either truncated or full-length REST, but not in nonmalignant cells. However, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in nonmalignant cells, a process that contributes to cellular transformation, phosphorylated NCL and enabled suppression of CD59 expression by the REST68. Combined treatment of different tumor types with REST68 and PKC inhibitor synergized to further suppress CD59 expression and reduce resistance to complement lysis. The combined treatment also increased susceptibility of tumors expressing either of the REST isoforms to PBMC-mediated killing, which, at least in part, accounted for the strong promotion of apoptosis by the REST68/PKC inhibitor. These data demonstrate that REST68 sensitizes tumors to Ab-based cancer immunotherapy via multiple mechanisms. Furthermore, the REST/NCL interplay model for regulation of expression of cd59 and other genes involved in cell survival enables the design of treatments for different tumor types to achieve more efficient tumor clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin V Kolev
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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