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Şerifoğlu N, Erbaba B, Adams MM, Arslan-Ergül A. TERT distal promoter GC islands are critical for telomerase and together with DNMT3B silencing may serve as a senescence-inducing agent in gliomas. J Neurogenet 2022; 36:89-97. [PMID: 35997487 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2022.2106371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase is reactivated in the majority of cancers. For instance, in gliomas, it is common that the TERT promoter is mutated. Research on telomere promoter GC islands have been focused primarily on proximal TERT promoter but little is known about the distal promoter. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the proximal and distal TERT promoter, in terms of DNA methylation. We did bisulfite sequencing in zebrafish tissue samples for the distal tert promoter. In the zebrafish brain tissues, we identified a hypomethylation site in the tert promoter, and found that this hypomethylation was associated with aging and shortened telomeres. Through site directed mutagenesis in glioma cell lines, we changed 10 GC spots individually, cloned into a reporter vector, and measured promoter activity. Finally, we silenced DNMT3B and measured telomerase activity along with vidaza and adriamycin treatments. Site directed mutagenesis of glioma cell lines revealed that each of the 10 GC spots are critical for telomerase activity. Changing GC to AT abolished promoter activity in all spots when transfected into glioma cell lines. Then, through silencing of DNMT3B, we observed a reduction in hTERT expression levels, while hTR remained the same, and a major increase in senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. Finally, we propose a model regarding the efficacy of two chemotherapeutic drugs, adriamycin and azacytidine, on gliomas. Here, we show that distal TERT promoter is critical; changing even one GC to AT abolishes TERT promoter activity. DNMT3B, a de novo methyltransferase, together with GC islands in distal TERT promoter plays an important role in regulation of telomerase expression and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Şerifoğlu
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Paris, France
| | - Begün Erbaba
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayça Arslan-Ergül
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Silva IAL, Varela D, Cancela ML, Conceição N. Zebrafish optineurin: genomic organization and transcription regulation. Genome 2022; 65:513-523. [PMID: 36037528 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2022-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Optineurin (OPTN) is involved in a variety of mechanisms such as autophagy, vesicle trafficking, and NF-κB signaling. Mutations in the OPTN gene have been associated with different pathologies including glaucoma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Paget's disease of bone. Since the relationship between fish and mammalian OPTN is not well understood the objective of the present work was to characterize the zebrafish optn gene and protein structure and to investigate its transcriptional regulation. Through a comparative in silico analysis, we observed that zebrafish optn presents genomic features similar to those of its human counterpart, including its neighboring genes and structure. A comparison of OPTN protein from different species revealed a high degree of conservation in its functional domains and 3D structure. Furthermore, our in vitro transient-reporter analysis identified a functional promoter in the upstream region of the zebrafish optn gene, along with a region important for its transcription regulation. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the NF-κB motif is responsible for the activation of this region. In conclusion, with this study, we characterize zebrafish optn and our results indicate that zebrafish can be considered as an alternative model to study OPTN's biological role in bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris A L Silva
- University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal;
| | - Débora Varela
- University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal;
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal;
| | - Natércia Conceição
- University of Algarve Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Faro, Portugal;
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Mesic A, Rogar M, Hudler P, Bilalovic N, Eminovic I, Komel R. Genetic variations in AURORA cell cycle kinases are associated with glioblastoma multiforme. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17444. [PMID: 34465813 PMCID: PMC8408269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent type of primary astrocytomas. We examined the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Aurora kinase A (AURKA), Aurora kinase B (AURKB), Aurora kinase C (AURKC) and Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) mitotic checkpoint genes and GBM risk by qPCR genotyping. In silico analysis was performed to evaluate effects of polymorphic biological sequences on protein binding motifs. Chi-square and Fisher statistics revealed a significant difference in genotypes frequencies between GBM patients and controls for AURKB rs2289590 variant (p = 0.038). Association with decreased GBM risk was demonstrated for AURKB rs2289590 AC genotype (OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.33-0.88; p = 0.015). Furthermore, AURKC rs11084490 CG genotype was associated with lower GBM risk (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.34-0.95; p = 0.031). Bioinformatic analysis of rs2289590 polymorphic region identified additional binding site for the Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) transcription factor in the presence of C allele. Our results indicated that rs2289590 in AURKB and rs11084490 in AURKC were associated with a reduced GBM risk. The present study was performed on a less numerous but ethnically homogeneous population. Hence, future investigations in larger and multiethnic groups are needed to strengthen these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aner Mesic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marija Rogar
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Hudler
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nurija Bilalovic
- Clinical Pathology and Cytology, University Clinical Centre Sarajevo, Bolnička 25, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Izet Eminovic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Radovan Komel
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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4
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Logotheti S, Marquardt S, Gupta SK, Richter C, Edelhäuser BA, Engelmann D, Brenmoehl J, Söhnchen C, Murr N, Alpers M, Singh KP, Wolkenhauer O, Heckl D, Spitschak A, Pützer BM. LncRNA-SLC16A1-AS1 induces metabolic reprogramming during Bladder Cancer progression as target and co-activator of E2F1. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:9620-9643. [PMID: 32863950 PMCID: PMC7449907 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as integral components of E2F1-regulated gene regulatory networks (GRNs), but their implication in advanced or treatment-refractory malignancy is unknown. Methods: We combined high-throughput transcriptomic approaches with bioinformatics and structure modeling to search for lncRNAs that participate in E2F1-activated prometastatic GRNs and their phenotypic targets in the highly-relevant case of E2F1-driven aggressive bladder cancer (BC). RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to verify RNA-protein interactions. Functional analyses including qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, luciferase assays and measurement of extracellular fluxes were conducted to validate expression and target gene regulation. Results: We identified E2F1-responsive lncRNA-SLC16A1-AS1 and its associated neighboring protein-coding gene, SLC16A1/MCT1, which both promote cancer invasiveness. Mechanistically, upon E2F1-mediated co-transactivation of the gene pair, SLC16A1-AS1 associates with E2F1 in a structure-dependent manner and forms an RNA-protein complex that enhances SLC16A1/MCT1 expression through binding to a composite SLC16A1-AS1:E2F1-responsive promoter element. Moreover, SLC16A1-AS1 increases aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration and fuels ATP production by fatty acid β-oxidation. These metabolic changes are accompanied by alterations in the expression of the SLC16A1-AS1:E2F1-responsive gene PPARA, a key mediator of fatty acid β-oxidation. Conclusions: Our results unveil a new gene regulatory program by which E2F1-induced lncRNA-SLC16A1-AS1 forms a complex with its transcription factor that promotes cancer metabolic reprogramming towards the acquisition of a hybrid oxidative phosphorylation/glycolysis cell phenotype favoring BC invasiveness.
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Phenotypic Plasticity of Invasive Edge Glioma Stem-like Cells in Response to Ionizing Radiation. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1893-1905.e7. [PMID: 30759398 PMCID: PMC6594377 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unresectable glioblastoma (GBM) cells in the invading tumor edge can act as seeds for recurrence. The molecular and
phenotypic properties of these cells remain elusive. Here, we report that the invading edge and tumor core have two distinct types
of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) that resemble proneural (PN) and mesenchymal (MES) subtypes, respectively. Upon exposure to
ionizing radiation (IR), GSCs, initially enriched for a CD133+ PN signature, transition to a CD109+ MES
subtype in a C/EBP-β-dependent manner. Our gene expression analysis of paired cohorts of patients with primary and
recurrent GBMs identified a CD133-to-CD109 shift in tumors with an MES recurrence. Patient-derived
CD133−/CD109+ cells are highly enriched with clonogenic, tumor-initiating, and
radiation-resistant properties, and silencing CD109 significantly inhibits these phenotypes. We also report a conserved regulation
of YAP/TAZ pathways by CD109 that could be a therapeutic target in GBM. Minata et al., in response to the proinflammatory environment induced by radiation, find that the tumor cells at the
invasive edge acquire the expression of the CD109 protein concomitantly losing CD133. CD109 drives oncogenic signaling through the
YAP/TAZ pathway, confers radioresistance to the cells, and represents a new potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma.
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KDEL Receptors Are Differentially Regulated to Maintain the ER Proteome under Calcium Deficiency. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1829-1840.e6. [PMID: 30428351 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retention of critical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins needed to carry out diverse functions (e.g., protein synthesis and folding, lipid metabolism) is mediated through a carboxy-terminal ER retention sequence (ERS) and its interaction with KDEL receptors. Here, we demonstrate that depleting ER calcium causes mass departure of ERS-containing proteins from cells by overwhelming KDEL receptors. In addition, we provide evidence that KDELR2 and KDELR3, but not KDELR1, are unfolded protein response (UPR) genes upregulated as an adaptive response to counteract the loss of ERS-containing proteins, suggesting previously unknown isoform-specific functions of the KDEL receptors. Overall, our findings establish that decreases in ER calcium change the composition of the ER luminal proteome and secretome, which can impact cellular functions and cell viability. The redistribution of the ER proteome from inside the cell to the outside has implications for dissecting the complex relationship of ER homeostasis with diverse disease pathologies.
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Miyagawa K, Shi M, Chen PI, Hennigs JK, Zhao Z, Wang M, Li CG, Saito T, Taylor S, Sa S, Cao A, Wang L, Snyder MP, Rabinovitch M. Smooth Muscle Contact Drives Endothelial Regeneration by BMPR2-Notch1-Mediated Metabolic and Epigenetic Changes. Circ Res 2019; 124:211-224. [PMID: 30582451 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Maintaining endothelial cells (EC) as a monolayer in the vessel wall depends on their metabolic state and gene expression profile, features influenced by contact with neighboring cells such as pericytes and smooth muscle cells (SMC). Failure to regenerate a normal EC monolayer in response to injury can result in occlusive neointima formation in diseases such as atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension. OBJECTIVE We investigated the nature and functional importance of contact-dependent communication between SMC and EC to maintain EC integrity. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that in SMC and EC contact cocultures, BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2) is required by both cell types to produce collagen IV to activate ILK (integrin-linked kinase). This enzyme directs p-JNK (phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase) to the EC membrane, where it stabilizes presenilin1 and releases N1ICD (Notch1 intracellular domain) to promote EC proliferation. This response is necessary for EC regeneration after carotid artery injury. It is deficient in EC-SMC Bmpr2 double heterozygous mice in association with reduced collagen IV production, decreased N1ICD, and attenuated EC proliferation, but can be rescued by targeting N1ICD to EC. Deletion of EC- Notch1 in transgenic mice worsens hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, in association with impaired EC regenerative function associated with loss of precapillary arteries. We further determined that N1ICD maintains EC proliferative capacity by increasing mitochondrial mass and by inducing the phosphofructokinase PFKFB3 (fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3). Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses showed that PFKFB3 is required for citrate-dependent H3K27 acetylation at enhancer sites of genes regulated by the acetyl transferase p300 and by N1ICD or the N1ICD target MYC and necessary for EC proliferation and homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Thus, SMC-EC contact is required for activation of Notch1 by BMPR2, to coordinate metabolism with chromatin remodeling of genes that enable EC regeneration, and to maintain monolayer integrity and vascular homeostasis in response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Miyagawa
- From the Department of Pediatrics (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (K.M., M.S., P.-I.C., J.K.H., Z.Z., M.W., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.P.S., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Minyi Shi
- Department of Genetics (M.S., Z.Z., M.P.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (K.M., M.S., P.-I.C., J.K.H., Z.Z., M.W., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.P.S., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Pin-I Chen
- From the Department of Pediatrics (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (K.M., M.S., P.-I.C., J.K.H., Z.Z., M.W., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.P.S., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Jan K Hennigs
- From the Department of Pediatrics (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (K.M., M.S., P.-I.C., J.K.H., Z.Z., M.W., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.P.S., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- Department of Genetics (M.S., Z.Z., M.P.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (K.M., M.S., P.-I.C., J.K.H., Z.Z., M.W., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.P.S., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Mouer Wang
- Department of Medicine (M.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (K.M., M.S., P.-I.C., J.K.H., Z.Z., M.W., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.P.S., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Caiyun G Li
- From the Department of Pediatrics (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (K.M., M.S., P.-I.C., J.K.H., Z.Z., M.W., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.P.S., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Toshie Saito
- From the Department of Pediatrics (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (K.M., M.S., P.-I.C., J.K.H., Z.Z., M.W., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.P.S., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Shalina Taylor
- From the Department of Pediatrics (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (K.M., M.S., P.-I.C., J.K.H., Z.Z., M.W., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.P.S., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Silin Sa
- From the Department of Pediatrics (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (K.M., M.S., P.-I.C., J.K.H., Z.Z., M.W., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.P.S., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Aiqin Cao
- From the Department of Pediatrics (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (K.M., M.S., P.-I.C., J.K.H., Z.Z., M.W., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.P.S., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Lingli Wang
- From the Department of Pediatrics (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (K.M., M.S., P.-I.C., J.K.H., Z.Z., M.W., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.P.S., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics (M.S., Z.Z., M.P.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (K.M., M.S., P.-I.C., J.K.H., Z.Z., M.W., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.P.S., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- From the Department of Pediatrics (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (K.M., M.S., P.-I.C., J.K.H., Z.Z., M.W., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.P.S., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease (K.M., P.-I.C., J.K.H., C.G.L., T.S., S.T., S.S., A.C., L.W., M.R.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
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Mesic A, Rogar M, Hudler P, Bilalovic N, Eminovic I, Komel R. Characterization and risk association of polymorphisms in Aurora kinases A, B and C with genetic susceptibility to gastric cancer development. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:919. [PMID: 31521144 PMCID: PMC6744709 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding mitotic kinases could influence development and progression of gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Case-control study of nine SNPs in mitotic genes was conducted using qPCR. The study included 116 GC patients and 203 controls. In silico analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms on transcription factors binding sites. RESULTS The AURKA rs1047972 genotypes (CT vs. CC: OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.05-3.65; p = 0.033; CC + TT vs. CT: OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.04-3.60; p = 0.036) and rs911160 (CC vs. GG: OR, 5.56; 95% CI, 1.24-24.81; p = 0.025; GG + CG vs. CC: OR, 5.26; 95% CI, 1.19-23.22; p = 0.028), were associated with increased GC risk, whereas certain rs8173 genotypes (CG vs. CC: OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36-0.99; p = 0.049; GG vs. CC: OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18-0.79; p = 0.010; CC + CG vs. GG: OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.25-0.98; p = 0.043) were protective. Association with increased GC risk was demonstrated for AURKB rs2241909 (GG + AG vs. AA: OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.01-2.56; p = 0.041) and rs2289590 (AC vs. AA: OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.47-3.98; p = 0.001; CC vs. AA: OR, 6.77; 95% CI, 2.24-20.47; p = 0.001; AA+AC vs. CC: OR, 4.23; 95% CI, 1.44-12.40; p = 0.009). Furthermore, AURKC rs11084490 (GG + CG vs. CC: OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.04-2.81; p = 0.033) was associated with increased GC risk. A combined analysis of five SNPs, associated with an increased GC risk, detected polymorphism profiles where all the combinations contribute to the higher GC risk, with an OR increased 1.51-fold for the rs1047972(CT)/rs11084490(CG + GG) to 2.29-fold for the rs1047972(CT)/rs911160(CC) combinations. In silico analysis for rs911160 and rs2289590 demonstrated that different transcription factors preferentially bind to polymorphic sites, indicating that AURKA and AURKB could be regulated differently depending on the presence of particular allele. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that AURKA (rs1047972 and rs911160), AURKB (rs2241909 and rs2289590) and AURKC (rs11084490) are associated with a higher risk of GC susceptibility. Our findings also showed that the combined effect of these SNPs may influence GC risk, thus indicating the significance of assessing multiple polymorphisms, jointly. The study was conducted on a less numerous but ethnically homogeneous Bosnian population, therefore further investigations in larger and multiethnic groups and the assessment of functional impact of the results are needed to strengthen the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aner Mesic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marija Rogar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Hudler
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nurija Bilalovic
- Clinical Pathology and Cytology, University Clinical Centre Sarajevo, Bolnička 25, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Izet Eminovic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Radovan Komel
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Mizusawa M, Sharmin MM, Yonekura S. Mild heat stress induces transcription of the β-casein gene via unfolded protein response-activated XBP1 signaling in undifferentiated mammary epithelial cells. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1026-1032. [PMID: 31199575 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that the expression of β-casein, a representative milk protein, increases when mammary epithelial cells are exposed to mild heat stress at 39°C. However, the direct effects and detailed molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the relationship between an increase in β-casein expression and the unfolded protein response (UPR) under mild heat stress. After reaching confluence, HC11 cells were incubated at 37°C (control) or 39°C (mild heat stress) without differentiation medium, and the expression levels of β-casein and UPR-related genes were assessed. It was revealed that, even with this mild heat treatment (39°C), β-casein expression in HC11 cells increased at the transcriptional level without differentiation induction. The expression levels of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6α) were significantly higher in cells cultured at 39°C compared to those cultured at 37°C. Moreover, the increase in β-casein mRNA expression levels by mild heat treatment was suppressed in XBP1 or ATF6α knockdown cells generated by siRNA for XBP1 or ATF6α respectively. Thus, these results demonstrate that ATF6α and XBP1 is involved in the increase of β-casein expression following mild heat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Mizusawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mst Mamuna Sharmin
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yonekura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, Japan
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10
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Tempest N, Baker AM, Wright NA, Hapangama DK. Does human endometrial LGR5 gene expression suggest the existence of another hormonally regulated epithelial stem cell niche? Hum Reprod 2019; 33:1052-1062. [PMID: 29648645 PMCID: PMC5972618 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is human endometrial leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) gene expression limited to the postulated epithelial stem cell niche, stratum basalis glands, and is it hormonally regulated? SUMMARY ANSWER LGR5 expressing cells are not limited to the postulated stem cell niche but LGR5 expression is hormonally regulated. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The human endometrium is a highly regenerative tissue; however, endometrial epithelial stem cell markers are yet to be confirmed. LGR5 is a marker of stem cells in various epithelia. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study was conducted at a University Research Institute. Endometrial samples from 50 healthy women undergoing benign gynaecological surgery with no endometrial pathology at the Liverpool Women's hospital were included and analysed in the following six sub-categories; proliferative, secretory phases of menstrual cycle, postmenopausal, those using oral and local progestagens and samples for in vitro explant culture. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS In this study, we used the gold standard method, in situ hybridisation (ISH) along with qPCR and a systems biology approach to study the location of LGR5 gene expression in full thickness human endometrium and Fallopian tubes. The progesterone regulation of endometrial LGR5 was examined in vivo and in short-term cultured endometrial tissue explants in vitro. LGR5 expression was correlated with epithelial proliferation (Ki67), and expression of previously reported epithelia progenitor markers (SOX9 and SSEA-1) immunohistochemistry (IHC). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE LGR5 gene expression was significantly higher in the endometrial luminal epithelium than in all other epithelial compartments in the healthy human endometrium, including the endometrial stratum basalis (P < 0.05). The strongest SSEA-1 and SOX9 staining was observed in the stratum basalis glands, but the general trend of SOX9 and SSEA-1 expression followed the same cyclical pattern of expression as LGR5. Stratum functionalis epithelial Ki67-LI and LGR5 expression levels correlated significantly (r = 0.74, P = 0.01), however, they did not correlate in luminal and stratum basalis epithelium (r = 0.5 and 0.13, respectively). Endometrial LGR5 demonstrates a dynamic spatiotemporal expression pattern, suggesting hormonal regulation. Oral and local progestogens significantly reduced endometrial LGR5 mRNA levels compared with women not on hormonal treatment (P < 0.01). Our data were in agreement with in silico analysis of published endometrial microarrays. LARGE SCALE DATA We did not generate our own large scale data but interrogated publically available large scale data sets. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION In the absence of reliable antibodies for human LGR5 protein and validated lineage markers for the various epithelial populations that potentially exist within the endometrium, our study does not formally characterise or examine the functional ability of the resident LGR5+ cells as multipotent. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These data will facilitate future lineage tracing studies in the human endometrial epithelium; to identify the location of stem cells and further complement the in vitro functional studies, to confirm if the LGR5 expressing epithelial cells indeed represent the epithelial stem cell population. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by funding from the Wellbeing of Women project grant (RTF510) and Cancer Research UK (A14895). None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tempest
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
| | - A M Baker
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - N A Wright
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - D K Hapangama
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
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11
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Li B, Hong P, Zheng CC, Dai W, Chen WY, Yang QS, Han L, Tsao SW, Chan KT, Lee NPY, Law S, Xu LY, Li EM, Chan KW, Qin YR, Guan XY, Lung ML, He QY, Xu WW, Cheung ALM. Identification of miR-29c and its Target FBXO31 as a Key Regulatory Mechanism in Esophageal Cancer Chemoresistance: Functional Validation and Clinical Significance. Theranostics 2019; 9:1599-1613. [PMID: 31037126 PMCID: PMC6485198 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expressions in cancer can contribute to chemoresistance. This study aims to identify miRNAs that are associated with fluorouracil (5-FU) chemoresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The potential of miR-29c as a novel diagnostic, prognostic and treatment-predictive marker in ESCC, and its mechanisms and therapeutic implication in overcoming 5-FU chemoresistance were explored. Methods: The miRNA profiles of an ESCC cell model with acquired chemoresistance to 5-FU were analyzed using a Taqman miRNA microarray to identify novel miRNAs associated with 5-FU chemoresistance. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine miR-29c expression in tissue and serum samples of patients. Bioinformatics, gain- and loss-of-function experiments, and luciferase reporter assay were performed to validate F-box only protein 31 (FBXO31) as a direct target of miR-29c, and to identify potential transcription factor binding events that control miR-29c expression. The potential of systemic miR-29c oligonucleotide-based therapy in overcoming 5-FU chemoresistance was evaluated in tumor xenograft model. Results: MiR-29c, under the regulatory control of STAT5A, was frequently downregulated in tumor and serum samples of patients with ESCC, and the expression level was correlated with overall survival. Functional studies showed that miR-29c could override 5-FU chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo by directly interacting with the 3'UTR of FBXO31, leading to repression of FBXO31 expression and downstream activation of p38 MAPK. Systemically administered miR-29c dramatically improved response of 5-FU chemoresistant ESCC xenografts in vivo. Conclusions: MiR-29c modulates chemoresistance by interacting with FBXO31, and is a promising non-invasive biomarker and therapeutic target in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Can-Can Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen-You Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang Han
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Tak Chan
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nikki Pui Yue Lee
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - En Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kwok Wah Chan
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Ru Qin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wen Wen Xu
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Annie L. M. Cheung, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. Phone: (852) 39179293; Fax: (852) 28170857; and Dr. Wen Wen Xu, Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. Phone: (86)-20-85221062; Fax: (86)-20-85221062;
| | - Annie LM Cheung
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Annie L. M. Cheung, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. Phone: (852) 39179293; Fax: (852) 28170857; and Dr. Wen Wen Xu, Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. Phone: (86)-20-85221062; Fax: (86)-20-85221062;
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12
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Braccioli L, Vervoort SJ, Puma G, Nijboer CH, Coffer PJ. SOX4 inhibits oligodendrocyte differentiation of embryonic neural stem cells in vitro by inducing Hes5 expression. Stem Cell Res 2018; 33:110-119. [PMID: 30343100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX4 has been shown to promote neuronal differentiation both in the adult and embryonic neural progenitors. Ectopic SOX4 expression has also been shown to inhibit oligodendrocyte differentiation in mice, however the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that SOX4 regulates transcriptional targets associated with neural development in neural stem cells (NSCs), reducing the expression of genes promoting oligodendrocyte differentiation. Interestingly, we observe that SOX4 levels decreased during oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro. Moreover, we show that SOX4 knockdown induces increased oligodendrocyte differentiation, as the percentage of Olig2-positive/2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase)-positive maturing oligodendrocytes increases, while the number of Olig2-positive oligodendrocyte precursors is unaffected. Conversely, conditional SOX4 overexpression utilizing a doxycycline inducible system decreases the percentage of maturing oligodendrocytes, suggesting that SOX4 inhibits maturation from precursor to mature oligodendrocyte. We identify the transcription factor Hes5 as a direct SOX4 target gene and we show that conditional overexpression of Hes5 rescues the increased oligodendrocyte differentiation mediated by SOX4 depletion in NSCs. Taken together, these observations support a novel role for SOX4 in NSC by controlling oligodendrocyte differentiation through induction of Hes5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Braccioli
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease (NIDOD), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, AB, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular Medicine and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CT, the Netherlands
| | - Stephin J Vervoort
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CT, the Netherlands
| | - Gianmarco Puma
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CT, the Netherlands
| | - Cora H Nijboer
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease (NIDOD), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, AB, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Coffer
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CT, the Netherlands; Division of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, AB, the Netherlands.
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13
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Peters MJ, Parker SK, Grim J, Allard CAH, Levin J, Detrich HW. Divergent Hemogen genes of teleosts and mammals share conserved roles in erythropoiesis: analysis using transgenic and mutant zebrafish. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.035576. [PMID: 30097520 PMCID: PMC6124579 DOI: 10.1242/bio.035576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemogen is a vertebrate transcription factor that performs important functions in erythropoiesis and testicular development and may contribute to neoplasia. Here we identify zebrafish Hemogen and show that it is considerably smaller (∼22 kDa) than its human ortholog (∼55 kDa), a striking difference that is explained by an underlying modular structure. We demonstrate that Hemogens are largely composed of 21-25 amino acid repeats, some of which may function as transactivation domains (TADs). Hemogen expression in embryonic and adult zebrafish is detected in hematopoietic, renal, neural and gonadal tissues. Using Tol2- and CRISPR/Cas9-generated transgenic zebrafish, we show that Hemogen expression is controlled by two Gata1-dependent regulatory sequences that act alone and together to control spatial and temporal expression during development. Partial depletion of Hemogen in embryos by morpholino knockdown reduces the number of erythrocytes in circulation. CRISPR/Cas9-generated zebrafish lines containing either a frameshift mutation or an in-frame deletion in a putative, C-terminal TAD display anemia and embryonic tail defects. This work expands our understanding of Hemogen and provides mutant zebrafish lines for future study of the mechanism of this important transcription factor. Summary: Transgenic and mutant zebrafish lines were created to characterize the expression and functions of Hemogen, a transcription factor involved in the formation of red blood cells and other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Peters
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Sandra K Parker
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Jeffrey Grim
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Corey A H Allard
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Jonah Levin
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - H William Detrich
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
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14
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Pathak BR, Breed AA, Deshmukh P, Mahale SD. Androgen receptor mediated epigenetic regulation of CRISP3 promoter in prostate cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 181:20-27. [PMID: 29477539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3) is one of the most upregulated genes in prostate cancer. Androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role not only in initial stages of prostate cancer development but also in the advanced stage of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Role of AR in regulation of CRISP3 expression is not yet known. In order to understand the regulation of CRISP3 expression, various overlapping fragments of CRISP3 promoter were cloned in pGL3 luciferase reporter vector. All constructs were transiently and stably transfected in PC3 (CRISP3 negative) and LNCaP (CRISP3 positive) cell lines and promoter activity was measured by luciferase assay. Promoter activity of LNCaP stable clones was significantly higher than PC3 stable clones. Further in CRISP3 negative PC3 and RWPE-1 cells, CRISP3 promoter was shown to be silenced by histone deacetylation. Treatment of LNCaP cells with DHT resulted in increase in levels of CRISP3 transcript and protein. AR dependency of CRISP3 promoter was also evaluated in LNCaP stable clones by luciferase assay. To provide molecular evidence of epigenetic regulation of CRISP3 promoter and its response to DHT, ChIP PCR was performed in PC3 and LNCaP cells. Our results demonstrate that CRISP3 expression in prostate cancer cells is androgen dependent and in AR positive cells, CRISP3 promoter is epigenetically regulated by AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti R Pathak
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Mumbai, India.
| | - Ananya A Breed
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Mumbai, India
| | - Priyanka Deshmukh
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Mumbai, India
| | - Smita D Mahale
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Mumbai, India
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15
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Jana S, Patra K, Jana J, Mandal DP, Bhattacharjee S. Nrf-2 transcriptionally activates P21 Cip/WAF1 and promotes A549 cell survival against oxidative stress induced by H 2O 2. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 285:59-68. [PMID: 29486183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells possess elevated ROS coupled with increased levels of antioxidant enzymes which render them resistant against cytotoxic chemotherapies. Therefore, an understanding of the interaction between key molecules involved in stress adaptive mechanisms is important to innovate strategies against cancer cell chemoresistance. Here, the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 with constitutively expressed Nrf2 was found to be more tolerant to H2O2 (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mM) than normal lung cell line L132 or p53 null lung cancer cell line H1299. Maximum cytoprotection was observed at 0.2 mM H2O2 accompanied by a significant increase in p21, Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes in A549 cells. The increased p21 expression was independent of p53 but dependent on Nrf2 as evident from qPCR, Western blotting and dual luciferase assays after silencing Nrf-2 and p53 genes. Highly conserved Nrf-2 binding sites were identified in p21 promoter by bioinformatics and homology modeling which was further confirmed by ChIP and reporter assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarjit Jana
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukuria, Malikapur, North-24 Parganas, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Kartick Patra
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukuria, Malikapur, North-24 Parganas, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Jagannath Jana
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus P 1/12, C. I. T. Road, Scheme - VII (M) Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Deba Prasad Mandal
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukuria, Malikapur, North-24 Parganas, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India.
| | - Shamee Bhattacharjee
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukuria, Malikapur, North-24 Parganas, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India.
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16
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Kent OA, Sandí MJ, Burston HE, Brown KR, Rottapel R. An oncogenic KRAS transcription program activates the RHOGEF ARHGEF2 to mediate transformed phenotypes in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4484-4500. [PMID: 27835861 PMCID: PMC5354848 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations of KRAS are nearly ubiquitous in pancreatic adenocarcinomas occurring in greater than 90% of cases. Cellular transformation by oncogenic RAS requires the RHO guanine exchange factor ARHGEF2 (also known as GEF-H1) for tumor growth and survival. Here, we find oncogenic KRAS activates ARHGEF2 through a minimal RAS responsive promoter. We have determined the endogenous ARHGEF2 promoter is positively regulated by the transcription factors ELK1, ETS1, SP1 and SP3 and negatively regulated by the RAS responsive element binding protein (RREB1). We find that the panel of ARHGEF2-regulating transcription factors modulates RAS transformed phenotypes including cellular viability, anchorage-independent growth and invasion-migration of pancreatic cancer cells. RREB1 knockdown activates the amplitude and duration of RHOA via increased ARHGEF2 expression. By relieving the negative regulation of RREB1 on the ARHGEF2 promoter, we determined that ETS1 and SP3 are essential for the normal expression of ARHGEF2 and contribute to the migratory behavior of pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, enforced expression of ARHGEF2 rescues loss of SP3 driven invasion-migration and anchorage-independent growth defective phenotypes through restored activation of RHOA. Collectively, our results identify a transcription factor program required for RAS transformation and provide mechanistic insight into the highly metastatic behavior of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A Kent
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - María-José Sandí
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Helen E Burston
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Donnelly Centre and Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Immunology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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17
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Riz I, Hawley TS, Marsal JW, Hawley RG. Noncanonical SQSTM1/p62-Nrf2 pathway activation mediates proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma cells via redox, metabolic and translational reprogramming. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66360-66385. [PMID: 27626179 PMCID: PMC5340085 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, with drug resistance being a major cause of therapeutic failure. We established a carfilzomib-resistant derivative of the LP-1 MM cell line (LP-1/Cfz) and found that the transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2; gene symbol NFE2L2) contributes to carfilzomib resistance. The mechanism of Nrf2 activation involved enhanced translation of Nrf2 as well as its positive regulator, the autophagy receptor sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor gene EIF4E3 was among the Nrf2 target genes upregulated in LP-1/Cfz cells, suggesting existence of a positive feedback loop. In line with this, we found that siRNA knockdown of eIF4E3 decreased Nrf2 protein levels. On the other hand, elevated SQSTM1/p62 levels were due at least in part to activation of the PERK-eIF2α pathway. LP-1/Cfz cells had decreased levels of reactive oxygen species as well as elevated levels of fatty acid oxidation and prosurvival autophagy. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of the Nrf2-EIF4E3 axis or the PERK-eIF2α pathway, disruption of redox homeostasis or inhibition of fatty acid oxidation or autophagy conferred sensitivity to carfilzomib. Our findings were supported by clinical data where increased EIF4E3 expression was predictive of Nrf2 target gene upregulation in a subgroup of patients with chemoresistant minimal residual disease and relapsed/refractory MM. Thus, our data offer a preclinical rationale for including inhibitors of the SQSTM1/p62-Nrf2 pathway to the treatment regimens for certain advanced stage MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Riz
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Teresa S Hawley
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Flow Cytometry Core, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Marsal
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert G Hawley
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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18
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Vezzali R, Weise SC, Hellbach N, Machado V, Heidrich S, Vogel T. The FOXG1/FOXO/SMAD network balances proliferation and differentiation of cortical progenitors and activates Kcnh3 expression in mature neurons. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37436-37455. [PMID: 27224923 PMCID: PMC5122323 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-mediated anti-proliferative and differentiating effects promote neuronal differentiation during embryonic central nervous system development. TGFβ downstream signals, composed of activated SMAD2/3, SMAD4 and a FOXO family member, promote the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Cdkn1a. In early CNS development, IGF1/PI3K signaling and the transcription factor FOXG1 inhibit FOXO- and TGFβ-mediated Cdkn1a transcription. FOXG1 prevents cell cycle exit by binding to the SMAD/FOXO-protein complex. In this study we provide further details on the FOXG1/FOXO/SMAD transcription factor network. We identified ligands of the TGFβ- and IGF-family, Foxo1, Foxo3 and Kcnh3 as novel FOXG1-target genes during telencephalic development and showed that FOXG1 interferes with Foxo1 and Tgfβ transcription. Our data specify that FOXO1 activates Cdkn1a transcription. This process is under control of the IGF1-pathway, as Cdkn1a transcription increases when IGF1-signaling is pharmacologically inhibited. However, overexpression of CDKN1A and knockdown of Foxo1 and Foxo3 is not sufficient for neuronal differentiation, which is probably instructed by TGFβ-signaling. In mature neurons, FOXG1 activates transcription of the seizure-related Kcnh3, which might be a FOXG1-target gene involved in the FOXG1 syndrome pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Vezzali
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Christopher Weise
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Hellbach
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Venissa Machado
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heidrich
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vogel
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Kreft Ł, Soete A, Hulpiau P, Botzki A, Saeys Y, De Bleser P. ConTra v3: a tool to identify transcription factor binding sites across species, update 2017. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:W490-W494. [PMID: 28472390 PMCID: PMC5570180 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are important gene regulators with distinctive roles in development, cell signaling and cell cycling, and they have been associated with many diseases. The ConTra v3 web server allows easy visualization and exploration of predicted transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in any genomic region surrounding coding or non-coding genes. In this updated version, with a completely re-implemented user interface using latest web technologies, users can choose from nine reference organisms ranging from human to yeast. ConTra v3 can analyze promoter regions, 5΄-UTRs, 3΄-UTRs and introns or any other genomic region of interest. Thousands of position weight matrices are available to choose from for detecting specific binding sites. Besides this visualization option, additional new exploration functionality is added to the tool that will automatically detect TFBSs having at the same time the highest regulatory potential, the highest conservation scores of the genomic regions covered by the predicted TFBSs and strongest co-localizations with genomic regions exhibiting regulatory activity. The ConTra v3 web server is freely available at http://bioit2.irc.ugent.be/contra/v3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kreft
- VIB Bioinformatics Core, Rijvischestraat 126 3R, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Soete
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Botzki
- VIB Bioinformatics Core, Rijvischestraat 126 3R, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S9, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Bleser
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Roumaud P, Rwigemera A, Martin LJ. Transcription factors SF1 and cJUN cooperate to activate the Fdx1 promoter in MA-10 Leydig cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 171:121-132. [PMID: 28274746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) protein supports steroid biosynthesis in steroidogenic cells through electron transfer to the rate-limiting steroidogenic enzyme, CYP11A1. The latter catalyzes the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone through side chain cleavage inside the mitochondria. Thus far, only several transcription factors have been implicated in the regulation of mouse Fdx1 promoter activity in Leydig cells. These include the nuclear receptor SF1 and SP1. Since two conserved regulatory elements for AP1 transcription factors have been located at -764 and -617bp of the Fdx1 promoter, we hypothesized that cJUN may cooperate with other partners to regulate Fdx1 in Leydig cells. Indeed, we report that SF1 and cJUN interact and cooperate to activate the Fdx1 promoter in MA-10 and TM3 Leydig cells. Furthermore, we found that such activation requires different regulatory elements located between -124 and -306bp of the Fdx1 promoter and involves recruitment of SF1 to this region. Using RNA interference, the importance of SF1 in transcriptional regulation of Fdx1 was confirmed, whereas cJUN was dispensable even though it cooperated with SF1 to upregulate Fdx1 expression in MA-10 cells. Thus, our data provides new insights in the molecular mechanisms that control mouse Fdx1 transcription, possibly leading to regulation of CYP11A1 enzyme activation, in Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Roumaud
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New-Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Arlette Rwigemera
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New-Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc J Martin
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New-Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada,.
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21
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Xu WW, Li B, Guan XY, Chung SK, Wang Y, Yip YL, Law SYK, Chan KT, Lee NPY, Chan KW, Xu LY, Li EM, Tsao SW, He QY, Cheung ALM. Cancer cell-secreted IGF2 instigates fibroblasts and bone marrow-derived vascular progenitor cells to promote cancer progression. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14399. [PMID: 28186102 PMCID: PMC5309924 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Local interactions between cancer cells and stroma can produce systemic effects on distant organs to govern cancer progression. Here we show that IGF2 secreted by inhibitor of differentiation (Id1)-overexpressing oesophageal cancer cells instigates VEGFR1-positive bone marrow cells in the tumour macroenvironment to form pre-metastatic niches at distant sites by increasing VEGF secretion from cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer cells are then attracted to the metastatic site via the CXCL5/CXCR2 axis. Bone marrow cells transplanted from nude mice bearing Id1-overexpressing oesophageal tumours enhance tumour growth and metastasis in recipient mice, whereas systemic administration of VEGFR1 antibody abrogates these effects. Mechanistically, IGF2 regulates VEGF in fibroblasts via miR-29c in a p53-dependent manner. Analysis of patient serum samples showed that concurrent elevation of IGF2 and VEGF levels may serve as a prognostic biomarker for oesophageal cancer. These findings suggest that the Id1/IGF2/VEGF/VEGFR1 cascade plays a critical role in tumour-driven pathophysiological processes underlying cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Kejizhong 2nd Rd., Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Kejizhong 2nd Rd., Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Yuan Guan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sookja K. Chung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Blvd., Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yim Ling Yip
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Y. K. Law
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Tak Chan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nikki P. Y. Lee
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok Wah Chan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - En Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Blvd., Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Annie L. M. Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Kejizhong 2nd Rd., Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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22
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Ernens I, Lumley AI, Zhang L, Devaux Y, Wagner DR. Hypoxia inhibits lymphatic thoracic duct formation in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:1129-1134. [PMID: 27916465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes blood vessel growth through up-regulation of pro-angiogenic pathways but its role on the lymphatic system remains unclear. The homeobox transcription factor Prox1 is a master control gene for generating lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and is up-regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors in mammals. While vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is critical for angiogenesis, VEGFC and its receptor VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) are essential for the initial sprouting and directed migration as well as for the subsequent survival of LECs. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hypoxia on the development of the lymphatic system in zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were obtained from Tg(SAGFF27C; UAS:GFP) animals carrying a lymphatic reporter gene coupled to green fluorescent protein (GFP). Exposure of 1-day old zebrafish embryos to hypoxic conditions (5% O2) for 24 h inhibited thoracic duct formation (-27%, p < 0.0001). Hypoxia inhibited the expression of pro-lymphangiogenic factors prox1a, vegfc and vegfr-3. This inhibition was relieved after re-oxygenation. On the other hand, hypoxia increased the expression of vegfa, a pro-angiogenic factor. In conclusion, hypoxia has opposite effects on vascular development in zebrafish, inhibiting the development of the lymphatic vascular system while promoting the development of the blood vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ernens
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg.
| | - Andrew I Lumley
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Lu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel R Wagner
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg; Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, 4, Rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg
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23
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Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4) modulates Rho GTPase levels and function via regulation of RhoGDIα. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36952. [PMID: 27841340 PMCID: PMC5107905 DOI: 10.1038/srep36952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In earlier studies, we showed that ATF4 down-regulation affects post-synaptic development and dendritic spine morphology in neurons through increased turnover of the Rho GTPase Cell Division Cycle 42 (Cdc42) protein. Here, we find that ATF4 down-regulation in both hippocampal and cortical neuron cultures reduces protein and message levels of RhoGDIα, a stabilizer of the Rho GTPases including Cdc42. This effect is rescued by an shATF4-resistant active form of ATF4, but not by a mutant that lacks transcriptional activity. This is, at least in part, due to the fact that Arhgdia, the gene encoding RhoGDIα, is a direct transcriptional target of ATF4 as is shown in ChIP assays. This pathway is not restricted to neurons. This is seen in an impairment of cell migration on ATF4 reduction in non-neuronal cells. In conclusion, we have identified a new cellular pathway in which ATF4 regulates the expression of RhoGDIα that in turn affects Rho GTPase protein levels, and thereby, controls cellular functions as diverse as memory and cell motility.
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24
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Mesic A, Rogar M, Hudler P, Juvan R, Komel R. Association of the AURKA and AURKC gene polymorphisms with an increased risk of gastric cancer. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:634-44. [PMID: 27270838 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mitotic checkpoint genes can contribute to susceptibility of human cancer, including gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to investigate the effects of Aurora kinase A (AURKA), Aurora kinase B (AURKB), and Aurora kinase C (AURKC) gene polymorphisms on GC risk in Slovenian population. We genotyped four SNPs in AURKA (rs2273535 and rs1047972), AURKB (rs2241909), and AURKC (rs758099) in a total of 128 GC patients and 372 healthy controls using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays to evaluate their effects on GC risk. Our results showed that genotype frequencies between cases and controls were significantly different for rs1047972 and rs758099 (P < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that AURKA rs1047972 TT and (CC + CT) genotypes were significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Our results additionally revealed that AURKC rs758099 TT and (CC + CT) genotypes were also associated with increased GC risk. In stratified analysis, genotypes TT and (CC + CT) of AURKA rs1047972 SNP were associated with increased risk of both, intestinal and diffuse, types of GC. In addition, AURKC rs758099 TT and (CC + CT) genotypes were positively associated with increased intestinal type GC risk, but not with an increased diffuse type GC risk. Based on these results, we can conclude that AURKA rs1047972 and AURKC rs758099 polymorphisms could affect the risk of GC development. Further larger studies are needed to confirm these findings. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(8):634-644, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aner Mesic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marija Rogar
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Hudler
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Juvan
- Clinical Department for Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radovan Komel
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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25
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Keasey MP, Lemos RR, Hagg T, Oliveira JRM. Vitamin-D receptor agonist calcitriol reduces calcification in vitro through selective upregulation of SLC20A2 but not SLC20A1 or XPR1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25802. [PMID: 27184385 PMCID: PMC4868979 DOI: 10.1038/srep25802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (hypovitaminosis D) causes osteomalacia and poor long bone mineralization. In apparent contrast, hypovitaminosis D has been reported in patients with primary brain calcifications (“Fahr’s disease”). We evaluated the expression of two phosphate transporters which we have found to be associated with primary brain calcification (SLC20A2, whose promoter has a predicted vitamin D receptor binding site, and XPR1), and one unassociated (SLC20A1), in an in vitro model of calcification. Expression of all three genes was significantly decreased in calcifying human bone osteosarcoma (SaOs-2) cells. Further, we confirmed that vitamin D (calcitriol) reduced calcification as measured by Alizarin Red staining. Cells incubated with calcitriol under calcifying conditions specifically maintained expression of the phosphate transporter SLC20A2 at higher levels relative to controls, by RT-qPCR. Neither SLC20A1 nor XPR1 were affected by calcitriol treatment and remained suppressed. Critically, knockdown of SLC20A2 gene and protein with CRISPR technology in SaOs2 cells significantly ablated vitamin D mediated inhibition of calcification. This study elucidates the mechanistic importance of SLC20A2 in suppressing the calcification process. It also suggests that vitamin D might be used to regulate SLC20A2 gene expression, as well as reduce brain calcification which occurs in Fahr’s disease and normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Keasey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA.,Keizo Asami Laboratory - Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - R R Lemos
- Keizo Asami Laboratory - Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - T Hagg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
| | - J R M Oliveira
- Keizo Asami Laboratory - Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil.,Neuropsychiatry Department - Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
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26
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Scott CL, Soen B, Martens L, Skrypek N, Saelens W, Taminau J, Blancke G, Van Isterdael G, Huylebroeck D, Haigh J, Saeys Y, Guilliams M, Lambrecht BN, Berx G. The transcription factor Zeb2 regulates development of conventional and plasmacytoid DCs by repressing Id2. J Exp Med 2016; 213:897-911. [PMID: 27185854 PMCID: PMC4886362 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lambrecht et al. show that the transcription factor Zeb2 regulates commitment toward both the pDC and cDC2 lineages by repressing Id2. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs [pDCs]) develop from pre-pDCs, whereas two lineages of conventional DCs (cDCs; cDC1s and cDC2s) develop from lineage-committed pre-cDCs. Several transcription factors (TFs) have been implicated in regulating the development of pDCs (E2-2 and Id2) and cDC1s (Irf8, Id2, and Batf3); however, those required for the early commitment of pre-cDCs toward the cDC2 lineage are unknown. Here, we identify the TF zinc finger E box–binding homeobox 2 (Zeb2) to play a crucial role in regulating DC development. Zeb2 was expressed from the pre-pDC and pre-cDC stage onward and highly expressed in mature pDCs and cDC2s. Mice conditionally lacking Zeb2 in CD11c+ cells had a cell-intrinsic reduction in pDCs and cDC2s, coupled with an increase in cDC1s. Conversely, mice in which CD11c+ cells overexpressed Zeb2 displayed a reduction in cDC1s. This was accompanied by altered expression of Id2, which was up-regulated in cDC2s and pDCs from conditional knockout mice. Zeb2 chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed Id2 to be a direct target of Zeb2. Thus, we conclude that Zeb2 regulates commitment to both the cDC2 and pDC lineages through repression of Id2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Scott
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, Inflammation Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bieke Soen
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Martens
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, Inflammation Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Skrypek
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Saelens
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, Inflammation Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim Taminau
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gillian Blancke
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Isterdael
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, Inflammation Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jody Haigh
- Mammalian Functional Genetics Laboratory, Division of Blood Cancers, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, Inflammation Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Guilliams
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, Inflammation Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, Inflammation Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Geert Berx
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Stroedicke M, Bounab Y, Strempel N, Klockmeier K, Yigit S, Friedrich RP, Chaurasia G, Li S, Hesse F, Riechers SP, Russ J, Nicoletti C, Boeddrich A, Wiglenda T, Haenig C, Schnoegl S, Fournier D, Graham RK, Hayden MR, Sigrist S, Bates GP, Priller J, Andrade-Navarro MA, Futschik ME, Wanker EE. Systematic interaction network filtering identifies CRMP1 as a novel suppressor of huntingtin misfolding and neurotoxicity. Genome Res 2016; 25:701-13. [PMID: 25908449 PMCID: PMC4417118 DOI: 10.1101/gr.182444.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Assemblies of huntingtin (HTT) fragments with expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts are a pathological hallmark of Huntington's disease (HD). The molecular mechanisms by which these structures are formed and cause neuronal dysfunction and toxicity are poorly understood. Here, we utilized available gene expression data sets of selected brain regions of HD patients and controls for systematic interaction network filtering in order to predict disease-relevant, brain region-specific HTT interaction partners. Starting from a large protein-protein interaction (PPI) data set, a step-by-step computational filtering strategy facilitated the generation of a focused PPI network that directly or indirectly connects 13 proteins potentially dysregulated in HD with the disease protein HTT. This network enabled the discovery of the neuron-specific protein CRMP1 that targets aggregation-prone, N-terminal HTT fragments and suppresses their spontaneous self-assembly into proteotoxic structures in various models of HD. Experimental validation indicates that our network filtering procedure provides a simple but powerful strategy to identify disease-relevant proteins that influence misfolding and aggregation of polyQ disease proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yacine Bounab
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Strempel
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sargon Yigit
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf P Friedrich
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gautam Chaurasia
- Institute of Theoretical Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Li
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Hesse
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jenny Russ
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecilia Nicoletti
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annett Boeddrich
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiglenda
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Haenig
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigrid Schnoegl
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Fournier
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rona K Graham
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Stephan Sigrist
- Institute of Biology/Genetics, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gillian P Bates
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Matthias E Futschik
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Erich E Wanker
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Chen J, Liu F, Li H, Archacki S, Gao M, Liu Y, Liao S, Huang M, Wang J, Yu S, Li C, Tang Z, Liu M. pVHL interacts with Ceramide kinase like (CERKL) protein and ubiquitinates it for oxygen dependent proteasomal degradation. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2314-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Li B, Xu WW, Guan XY, Qin YR, Law S, Lee NPY, Chan KT, Tam PY, Li YY, Chan KW, Yuen HF, Tsao SW, He QY, Cheung ALM. Competitive Binding Between Id1 and E2F1 to Cdc20 Regulates E2F1 Degradation and Thymidylate Synthase Expression to Promote Esophageal Cancer Chemoresistance. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1243-55. [PMID: 26475334 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemoresistance is a major obstacle in cancer therapy. We found that fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, established through exposure to increasing concentrations of 5-FU, showed upregulation of Id1, IGF2, and E2F1. We hypothesized that these genes may play an important role in cancer chemoresistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro and in vivo functional assays were performed to study the effects of Id1-E2F1-IGF2 signaling in chemoresistance. Quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Id1 regulates E2F1 and by which E2F1 regulates IGF2. Clinical specimens, tumor tissue microarray, and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were used to analyze the correlations between gene expressions and the relationships between expression profiles and patient survival outcomes. RESULTS Id1 conferred 5-FU chemoresistance through E2F1-dependent induction of thymidylate synthase expression in esophageal cancer cells and tumor xenografts. Mechanistically, Id1 protects E2F1 protein from degradation and increases its expression by binding competitively to Cdc20, whereas E2F1 mediates Id1-induced upregulation of IGF2 by binding directly to the IGF2 promoter and activating its transcription. The expression level of E2F1 was positively correlated with that of Id1 and IGF2 in human cancers. More importantly, concurrent high expression of Id1 and IGF2 was associated with unfavorable patient survival in multiple cancer types. CONCLUSIONS Our findings define an intricate E2F1-dependent mechanism by which Id1 increases thymidylate synthase and IGF2 expressions to promote cancer chemoresistance. The Id1-E2F1-IGF2 regulatory axis has important implications for cancer prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China. Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Wen Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Xin Yuan Guan
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Ru Qin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Simon Law
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nikki Pui Yue Lee
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Tak Chan
- Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui Ying Tam
- Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuk Yin Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Kwok Wah Chan
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China. Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hiu Fung Yuen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing Yu He
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Annie L M Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China. Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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30
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Silva I, Conceição N. Cloning, characterization and analysis of the 5′ regulatory region of zebrafish xpd gene. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 185:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Landry D, Paré A, Jean S, Martin LJ. Adiponectin influences progesterone production from MA-10 Leydig cells in a dose-dependent manner. Endocrine 2015; 48:957-67. [PMID: 25338202 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity in men is associated with lower testosterone levels, related to reduced sperm concentration and the development of various diseases with aging. Hormones produced by the adipose tissue may have influences on both metabolism and reproductive function. Among them, the production and secretion of adiponectin is inversely correlated to total body fat. Adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) have been found to be expressed in testicular Leydig cells (producing testosterone). Since StAR and Cyp11a1 are essential for testosterone synthesis and adiponectin has been shown to regulate StAR mRNA in swine granulosa cells, we hypothesized that adiponectin might also regulate these genes in Leydig cells. Our objective was to determine whether adiponectin regulates StAR and Cyp11a1 genes in Leydig cells and to better define its mechanisms of action. Methods used in the current study are qPCR for the mRNA levels, transfections for promoter activities, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the progesterone concentration. We have found that adiponectin cooperates with cAMP-dependent stimulation to activate StAR and Cyp11a1 mRNA expressions in a dose-dependent manner in MA-10 Leydig cells as demonstrated by transfection of a luciferase reporter plasmid. These results led to a significant increase in progesterone production from MA-10 cells. Thus, our data suggest that high doses of adiponectin typical of normal body weight may promote testosterone production from Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Landry
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, 18, avenue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
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Jablonska A, Polouliakh N. In silico discovery of novel transcription factors regulated by mTOR-pathway activities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:23. [PMID: 25364730 PMCID: PMC4206986 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycine (mTOR) pathway is a key regulator of cellular growth, development, and ageing, and unraveling its control is essential for understanding life and death of biological organisms. A motif-discovery workbench including nine tools was used to identify transcription factors involved in five basic (Insulin, MAPK, VEGF, Hypoxia, and mTOR core) activities of the mTOR pathway. Discovered transcription factors are classified as “process-specific” or “pathway-ubiquitous” with highlights toward their regulating/regulated activities within the mTOR pathway. Our transcription regulation results will facilitate further research on investigating the control mechanism in mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jablonska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Polouliakh
- Fundamental Research Laboratories, Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc. Tokyo, Japan ; Systems Biology Institute Tokyo, Japan ; Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University Yokohama, Japan
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33
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Ananieva EA, Patel CH, Drake CH, Powell JD, Hutson SM. Cytosolic branched chain aminotransferase (BCATc) regulates mTORC1 signaling and glycolytic metabolism in CD4+ T cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18793-804. [PMID: 24847056 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.554113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we show that expression of the cytosolic branched chain aminotransferase (BCATc) is triggered by the T cell receptor (TCR) of CD4(+) T cells. Induction of BCATc correlates with increased Leu transamination, whereas T cells from the BCATc(-/-) mouse exhibit lower Leu transamination and higher intracellular Leu concentrations than the cells from wild type (WT) mice. Induction of BCATc by TCR in WT cells is prevented by the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) inhibitor, cyclosporin A (CsA), suggesting that NFAT controls BCATc expression. Leu is a known activator of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). mTOR is emerging as a critical regulator of T cell activation, differentiation, and metabolism. Activated T cells from BCATc(-/-) mice show increased phosphorylation of mTORC1 downstream targets, S6 and 4EBP-1, indicating higher mTORC1 activation than in T cells from WT mice. Furthermore, T cells from BCATc(-/-) mice display higher rates of glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, and glycolytic reserve when compared with activated WT cells. These findings reveal BCATc as a novel regulator of T cell activation and metabolism and highlight the important role of Leu metabolism in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elitsa A Ananieva
- From the Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 and
| | - Chirag H Patel
- the Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Charles H Drake
- the Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- the Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Susan M Hutson
- From the Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 and
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34
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Lee MH, Cha DS, Mamillapalli SS, Kwon YC, Koo HS. Transgene-mediated co-suppression of DNA topoisomerase-1 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 5:11-20. [PMID: 24955284 PMCID: PMC4058960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of multi-transgenic copies can result in reduced expression of the transgene and can induce silence of endogenous gene; this process is called as co-suppression. Using a transgene-mediated co-suppression technique, we demonstrated the biological function of DNA topoisomerase-1 (top-1) in C. elegans development. Introduction of full-length top-1 transgene sufficiently induced the co-suppression of endogenous top-1 gene, causing embryonic lethality and abnormal germline development. We also found that the co-suppression of top-1 gene affected morphogenesis, lifespan and larval growth that were not observed in top-1 (RNAi) animals. Strikingly, co-suppression effects were significantly reduced by the elimination of top-1 introns, suggesting that efficient co-suppression may require intron(s) in C. elegans. Sequence analysis revealed that the introns 1 and 2 of top-1 gene possess consensus binding sites for several transcription factors, including MAB-3, LIN-14, TTX-3/CEH-10, CEH-1, and CEH-22. Among them, we examined a genetic link between ceh-22 and top-1. The ceh-22 is partially required for the specification of distal tip cells (DTC), which functions as a stem cell niche in the C. elegans gonad. Intriguingly, top-1 (RNAi) significantly enhanced DTC loss in ceh-22 mutant gonads, indicating that top-1 may play an important role in CEH-22-mediated DTC fate specification. Therefore, our findings suggest that transgene-mediated co-suppression facilitates the silencing of the specific genes and the study of gene function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myon-Hee Lee
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27834, USA
- Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27834, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dong Seok Cha
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27834, USA
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Woosuk UniversityJeonbuk 565-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young Chul Kwon
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Hyeon-Sook Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei UniversitySeoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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35
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Silva IAL, Cox CJ, Leite RB, Cancela ML, Conceição N. Evolutionary conservation of TFIIH subunits: implications for the use of zebrafish as a model to study TFIIH function and regulation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 172-173:9-20. [PMID: 24731924 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional factor IIH (TFIIH) is involved in cell cycle regulation, nucleotide excision repair, and gene transcription. Mutations in three of its subunits, XPB, XPD, and TTDA, lead to human recessive genetic disorders such as trichothiodystrophy and xeroderma pigmentosum, the latter of which is sometimes associated with Cockayne's syndrome. In the present study, we investigate the sequence conservation of TFIIH subunits among several teleost fish species and compare their characteristics and putative regulation by transcription factors to those of human and zebrafish. We report the following findings: (i) comparisons among protein sequences revealed a high sequence identity for each TFIIH subunit analysed; (ii) among transcription factors identified as putative regulators, OCT1 and AP1 have the highest binding-site frequencies in the promoters of TFIIH genes, and (iii) TFIIH genes have alternatively spliced isoforms. Finally, we compared the protein primary structure in human and zebrafish of XPD and XPB - two important ATP-dependent helicases that catalyse the unwinding of the DNA duplex at promoters during transcription - highlighting the conservation of domain regions such as the helicase domains. Our study suggests that zebrafish, a widely used model for many human diseases, could also act as an important model to study the function of TFIIH complex in repair and transcription regulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A L Silva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - C J Cox
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - R B Leite
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M L Cancela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - N Conceição
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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36
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Wan ZX, Yuan DM, Zhuo YM, Yi X, Zhou J, Xu ZX, Zhou JL. The proteasome activator PA28γ, a negative regulator of p53, is transcriptionally up-regulated by p53. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2573-84. [PMID: 24531141 PMCID: PMC3958868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PA28γ (also called REGγ, 11Sγ or PSME3) negatively regulates p53 activity by promoting its nuclear export and/or degradation. Here, using the RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE) method, we identified the transcription start site of the PA28γ gene. Assessment with the luciferase assay demonstrated that the sequence -193 to +16 is the basal promoter. Three p53 binding sites were found within the PA28γ promoter utilizing a bioinformatics approach and were confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and biotinylated DNA affinity precipitation experiments. The p53 protein promotes PA28γ transcription, and p53-stimulated transcription of PA28γ can be inhibited by PA28γ itself. Our results suggest that PA28γ and p53 form a negative feedback loop, which maintains the balance of p53 and PA28γ in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Dong-Mei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Xin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Ji Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Zao-Xu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Jian-Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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Tsirimonaki E, Fedonidis C, Pneumaticos SG, Tragas AA, Michalopoulos I, Mangoura D. PKCε signalling activates ERK1/2, and regulates aggrecan, ADAMTS5, and miR377 gene expression in human nucleus pulposus cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82045. [PMID: 24312401 PMCID: PMC3842981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, a major regulator of chondrocytic differentiation, has been also implicated in pathological extracellular matrix remodeling, and here we investigate the mechanism of PKCε-dependent regulation of the chondrocytic phenotype in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells derived from herniated disks. NP cells from each donor were successfully propagated for 25+ culture passages, with remarkable tolerance to repeated freeze-and-thaw cycles throughout long-term culturing. More specifically, after an initial downregulation of COL2A1, a stable chondrocytic phenotype was attested by the levels of mRNA expression for aggrecan, biglycan, fibromodulin, and lumican, while higher expression of SOX-trio and Patched-1 witnessed further differentiation potential. NP cells in culture also exhibited a stable molecular profile of PKC isoforms: throughout patient samples and passages, mRNAs for PKC α, δ, ε, ζ, η, ι, and µ were steadily detected, whereas β, γ, and θ were not. Focusing on the signalling of PKCε, an isoform that may confer protection against degeneration, we found that activation with the PKCε-specific activator small peptide ψεRACK led sequentially to a prolonged activation of ERK1/2, increased abundance of the early gene products ATF, CREB1, and Fos with concurrent silencing of transcription for Ki67, and increases in mRNA expression for aggrecan. More importantly, ψεRACK induced upregulation of hsa-miR-377 expression, coupled to decreases in ADAMTS5 and cleaved aggrecan. Therefore, PKCε activation in late passage NP cells may represent a molecular basis for aggrecan availability, as part of an PKCε/ERK/CREB/AP-1-dependent transcriptional program that includes upregulation of both chondrogenic genes and microRNAs. Moreover, this pathway should be considered as a target for understanding the molecular mechanism of IVD degeneration and for therapeutic restoration of degenerated disks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Spiros G. Pneumaticos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Orthopedics, Athens Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitra Mangoura
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Dejager L, Vandevyver S, Ballegeer M, Van Wonterghem E, An LL, Riggs J, Kolbeck R, Libert C. Pharmacological inhibition of type I interferon signaling protects mice against lethal sepsis. J Infect Dis 2013; 209:960-70. [PMID: 24218508 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research on new therapeutic strategies for sepsis uses different animal models, such as the lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia model and the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) peritonitis model. By using genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1), we show that type I IFN signaling plays a detrimental role in these sepsis models. Mortality after CLP was reduced even when type I IFN responses were blocked after the onset of sepsis. Our findings reveal that type I IFNs play an important detrimental role during sepsis by negatively regulating neutrophil recruitment. Reduced neutrophil influx likely occurs via the induction of the CXC motif chemokine 1. Moreover, human white blood cells exposed to heat-killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa secrete IFN-β and stimulate type I IFN signaling. We provide data that support pharmacologic inhibition of type I IFN signaling as a novel therapeutic treatment in severe sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Dejager
- Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology
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39
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Sp sites contribute to basal and inducible expression of the human TNIP1 (TNFα-inducible protein 3-interacting protein 1) promoter. Biochem J 2013; 452:519-29. [PMID: 23464785 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
TNIP1 [TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α)-induced protein 3-interacting protein 1] is a co-repressor of RAR (retinoic acid receptor) and PPAR (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor). Additionally, it can reduce signalling stemming from cell membrane receptors such as those for TNFα and EGF (epidermal growth factor). Consequently, it influences a variety of receptor-mediated events as diverse as transcription, programmed cell death and cell cycling. Thus changes in TNIP1 expression levels are likely to affect multiple important biological end points. TNIP1 expression level changes have been linked to psoriasis and systemic sclerosis. As such, it is crucial to determine what controls its expression levels, starting with constitutive control of its promoter. Our analysis of the TNIP1 promoter revealed multiple transcription start sites in its GC-rich proximal regions along with two transcriptionally active Sp (specificity protein) sites, responsive to both Sp1 and Sp3. EMSA (electrophoretic mobility-shift assay) and ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) demonstrated physical binding between Sp1 and Sp3 at these sites. A decrease in Sp1 protein levels via siRNA (short interfering RNA) or diminished Sp1 DNA binding by mithramycin decreased TNIP1 mRNA levels. This Sp-binding GC-rich region of the TNIP1 promoter also participates in transcriptional activation by ligand-bound RAR. Together, these results demonstrate newly identified regulators of TNIP1 expression and suggest possible transcription factor targets which in turn control TNIP1-related biological end points ranging from apoptosis to inflammatory diseases.
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Karagodin DA, Omelina ES, Fedorova EV, Baricheva EM. Identification of functionally significant elements in the second intron of the Drosophila melanogaster Trithorax-like gene. Gene 2013; 520:178-84. [PMID: 23481306 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It is known that a lot of genes having a distinct expression pattern require the complex system of transcription regulation. The regulatory regions of such genes can include not only the 5'-flanking regions, but also other regions, particularly their intron sequences. The Drosophila melanogaster Trithorax-like (Trl) gene, encoding the GAGA protein, is one of the genes with complex expression pattern. GAGA is one of a few transcription factors that can regulate gene expression at multiple levels. The GAGA-mediated modulation of expression seems to be linked with modifications of the chromatin structure. Nowadays, the regulatory potential of the Trl 5'-flanking region that contains multiple GAGA binding sites has been analyzed, but the presence of the functionally significant elements in other Trl regions has not been examined. We found DNase I hypersensitive sites, evolutionary-conserved sequences and numerous GAGA binding sites in the second intron of the Trl gene. Interestingly, these sequences localize in two main regions of the intron in immediate proximity to preferred regions of transposon insertions. Additionally, we revealed that deletion of the intron fragment in the Trl(1-72) mutants caused an alteration of the Trl expression pattern. These results allow us to conclude that the second intron of the Trl gene contains functionally significant elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Karagodin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentieva Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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p53 promotes VEGF expression and angiogenesis in the absence of an intact p21-Rb pathway. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:888-97. [PMID: 23449391 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the p53 tumour suppressor downregulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and controversial. Here we provide insights from in vitro experiments and in vivo xenotransplantation assays that highlight a dual role for p53 in regulating VEGF during hypoxia. Unexpectedly, and for the first time, we demonstrate that p53 rapidly induces VEGF transcription upon hypoxia exposure by binding, in an HIF-1α-dependent manner, to a highly conserved and functional p53-binding site within the VEGF promoter. However, during sustained hypoxia, p53 indirectly downregulates VEGF expression via the retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway in a p21-dependent manner, which is distinct from its role in cell-cycle regulation. Our findings have important implications for cancer therapy, especially for tumours that harbour wild-type TP53 and a dysfunctional Rb pathway.
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Implications of leptin in neuroendocrine regulation of male reproduction. Reprod Biol 2013; 13:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Vervoort SJ, Lourenço AR, van Boxtel R, Coffer PJ. SOX4 mediates TGF-β-induced expression of mesenchymal markers during mammary cell epithelial to mesenchymal transition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53238. [PMID: 23301048 PMCID: PMC3536747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mensenchymal transition program regulates various aspects of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, but aberrant activation of this pathway in cancer contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. TGF-β potently induces an epithelial to mensenchymal transition in cancers of epithelial origin by inducing transcriptional changes mediated by several key transcription factors. Here, we identify the developmental transcription factor SOX4 as a transcriptional target of TGF-β in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells. SOX4 expression and activity are rapidly induced in the early stages of the TGF-β-induced epithelial to mensenchymal transition. We demonstrate that conditional activation of Sox4 is sufficient to induce the expression of N-cadherin and additional mesenchymal markers including vimentin and fibronectin, but fails to induce complete EMT as no changes are observed in the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin. Moreover, shRNA-mediated knockdown of SOX4 significantly delays TGF-β-induced mRNA and protein expression of mesenchymal markers. Taken together, these data suggest that TGF-β-mediated increased expression of SOX4 is required for the induction of a mesenchymal phenotype during EMT in human mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephin J. Vervoort
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Rita Lourenço
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Coffer
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Cobb RE, Luo Y, Freestone T, Zhao H. Drug Discovery and Development via Synthetic Biology. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394430-6.00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Blanco E, Corominas M. CBS: an open platform that integrates predictive methods and epigenetics information to characterize conserved regulatory features in multiple Drosophila genomes. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:688. [PMID: 23228284 PMCID: PMC3564944 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Information about the composition of regulatory regions is of great value for designing experiments to functionally characterize gene expression. The multiplicity of available applications to predict transcription factor binding sites in a particular locus contrasts with the substantial computational expertise that is demanded to manipulate them, which may constitute a potential barrier for the experimental community. Results CBS (Conserved regulatory Binding Sites, http://compfly.bio.ub.es/CBS) is a public platform of evolutionarily conserved binding sites and enhancers predicted in multiple Drosophila genomes that is furnished with published chromatin signatures associated to transcriptionally active regions and other experimental sources of information. The rapid access to this novel body of knowledge through a user-friendly web interface enables non-expert users to identify the binding sequences available for any particular gene, transcription factor, or genome region. Conclusions The CBS platform is a powerful resource that provides tools for data mining individual sequences and groups of co-expressed genes with epigenomics information to conduct regulatory screenings in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Blanco
- Departament de Genètica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Muhie S, Hammamieh R, Cummings C, Yang D, Jett M. Transcriptome characterization of immune suppression from battlefield-like stress. Genes Immun 2012; 14:19-34. [PMID: 23096155 PMCID: PMC3564018 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2012.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome alterations of leukocytes from soldiers who underwent 8 weeks of Army Ranger training (RASP, Ranger Assessment and Selection Program) were analyzed to evaluate impacts of battlefield-like stress on the immune response. About 1400 transcripts were differentially expressed between pre- and post-RASP leukocytes. Upon functional analysis, immune response was the most enriched biological process, and most of the transcripts associated with the immune response were downregulated. Microbial pattern recognition, chemotaxis, antigen presentation and T-cell activation were among the most downregulated immune processes. Transcription factors predicted to be stress-inhibited (IRF7, RELA, NFκB1, CREB1, IRF1 and HMGB) regulated genes involved in inflammation, maturation of dendritic cells and glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Many altered transcripts were predicted to be targets of stress-regulated microRNAs. Post-RASP leukocytes exposed ex vivo to Staphylococcal enterotoxin B showed a markedly impaired immune response to this superantigen compared with pre-RASP leukocytes, consistent with the suppression of the immune response revealed by transcriptome analyses. Our results suggest that suppression of antigen presentation and lymphocyte activation pathways, in the setting of normal blood cell counts, most likely contribute to the poor vaccine response, impaired wound healing and infection susceptibility associated with chronic intense stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muhie
- Integrative Systems Biology Program, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5010, USA
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