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Liébana R, Viver T, Ramos-Barbero MD, Bustos-Caparros E, Urdiain M, López C, Amoozegar MA, Antón J, Rossello-Mora R. Extremely halophilic brine community manipulation shows higher robustness of microbiomes inhabiting human-driven solar saltern than naturally driven lake. mSystems 2024; 9:e0053824. [PMID: 38934645 PMCID: PMC11324034 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00538-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypersaline ecosystems display taxonomically similar assemblages with low diversities and highly dense accompanying viromes. The ecological implications of viral infection on natural microbial populations remain poorly understood, especially at finer scales of diversity. Here, we sought to investigate the influence of changes in environmental physicochemical conditions and viral predation pressure by autochthonous and allochthonous viruses on host dynamics. For this purpose, we transplanted two microbiomes coming from distant hypersaline systems (solar salterns of Es Trenc in Spain and the thalassohaline lake of Aran-Bidgol lake in Iran), by exchanging the cellular fractions with the sterile-filtered accompanying brines with and without the free extracellular virus fraction. The midterm exposure (1 month) of the microbiomes to the new conditions showed that at the supraspecific taxonomic range, the assemblies from the solar saltern brine more strongly resisted the environmental changes and viral predation than that of the lake. The metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) analysis revealed an intraspecific transition at the ecotype level, mainly driven by changes in viral predation pressure, by both autochthonous and allochthonous viruses. IMPORTANCE Viruses greatly influence succession and diversification of their hosts, yet the effects of viral infection on the ecological dynamics of natural microbial populations remain poorly understood, especially at finer scales of diversity. By manipulating the viral predation pressure by autochthonous and allochthonous viruses, we uncovered potential phage-host interaction, and their important role in structuring the prokaryote community at an ecotype level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Liébana
- Marine Microbiology
Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity, Mediterranean
Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA,
UIB-CSIC), Esporles,
Spain
| | - Tomeu Viver
- Marine Microbiology
Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity, Mediterranean
Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA,
UIB-CSIC), Esporles,
Spain
- Department of
Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Marine
Microbiology, Bremen,
Germany
| | - María Dolores Ramos-Barbero
- Department of
Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of
Alicante, Alicante,
Spain
- Department of
Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of
Barcelona, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Esteban Bustos-Caparros
- Marine Microbiology
Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity, Mediterranean
Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA,
UIB-CSIC), Esporles,
Spain
| | - Mercedes Urdiain
- Marine Microbiology
Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity, Mediterranean
Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA,
UIB-CSIC), Esporles,
Spain
| | - Cristina López
- Department of
Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of
Alicante, Alicante,
Spain
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles
Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of
Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science,
University of Tehran,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Josefa Antón
- Department of
Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of
Alicante, Alicante,
Spain
| | - Ramon Rossello-Mora
- Marine Microbiology
Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity, Mediterranean
Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA,
UIB-CSIC), Esporles,
Spain
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2
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Huang Y, Zhang X, Xin Y, Tian J, Li M. Distinct microbial nitrogen cycling processes in the deepest part of the ocean. mSystems 2024; 9:e0024324. [PMID: 38940525 PMCID: PMC11265455 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00243-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mariana Trench (MT) is the deepest part of the ocean on Earth. Previous studies have described the microbial community structures and functional potential in the seawater and surface sediment of MT. Still, the metabolic features and adaptation strategies of the microorganisms involved in nitrogen cycling processes are poorly understood. In this study, comparative metagenomic approaches were used to study microbial nitrogen cycling in three MT habitats, including hadal seawater [9,600-10,500 m below sea level (mbsl)], surface sediments [0-46 cm below seafloor (cmbsf) at a water depth between 7,143 and 8,638 mbsl], and deep sediments (200-306 cmbsf at a water depth of 8,300 mbsl). We identified five new nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) lineages that had adapted to the oligotrophic MT slope sediment, via their CO2 fixation capability through the reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) or Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle; an anammox bacterium might perform aerobic respiration and utilize sedimentary carbohydrates for energy generation because it contains genes encoding type A cytochrome c oxidase and complete glycolysis pathway. In seawater, abundant alkane-oxidizing Ketobacter species can fix inert N2 released from other denitrifying and/or anammox bacteria. This study further expands our understanding of microbial life in the largely unexplored deepest part of the ocean. IMPORTANCE The metabolic features and adaptation strategies of the nitrogen cycling microorganisms in the deepest part of the ocean are largely unknown. This study revealed that anammox bacteria might perform aerobic respiration in response to nutrient limitation or O2 fluctuations in the Mariana Trench sediments. Meanwhile, an abundant alkane-oxidizing Ketobacter species could fix N2 in hadal seawater. This study provides new insights into the roles of hadal microorganisms in global nitrogen biogeochemical cycles. It substantially expands our understanding of the microbial life in the largely unexplored deepest part of the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Huang
- Archaeal Biology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinxu Zhang
- Archaeal Biology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiwei Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Li
- Archaeal Biology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Poli N, Keel CJ, Garrido-Sanz D. Expanding the Pseudomonas diversity of the wheat rhizosphere: four novel species antagonizing fungal phytopathogens and with plant-beneficial properties. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1440341. [PMID: 39077740 PMCID: PMC11284033 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1440341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-beneficial Pseudomonas bacteria hold the potential to be used as inoculants in agriculture to promote plant growth and health through various mechanisms. The discovery of new strains tailored to specific agricultural needs remains an open area of research. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of four novel Pseudomonas species associated with the wheat rhizosphere. Comparative genomic analysis with all available Pseudomonas type strains revealed species-level differences, substantiated by both digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity, underscoring their status as novel species. This was further validated by the phenotypic differences observed when compared to their closest relatives. Three of the novel species belong to the P. fluorescens species complex, with two representing a novel lineage in the Pseudomonas phylogeny. Functional genome annotation revealed the presence of specific features contributing to rhizosphere colonization, including flagella and components for biofilm formation. The novel species have the genetic potential to solubilize nutrients by acidifying the environment, releasing alkaline phosphatases and their metabolism of nitrogen species, indicating potential as biofertilizers. Additionally, the novel species possess traits that may facilitate direct promotion of plant growth through the modulation of the plant hormone balance, including the ACC deaminase enzyme and auxin metabolism. The presence of biosynthetic clusters for toxins such as hydrogen cyanide and non-ribosomal peptides suggests their ability to compete with other microorganisms, including plant pathogens. Direct inoculation of wheat roots significantly enhanced plant growth, with two strains doubling shoot biomass. Three of the strains effectively antagonized fungal phytopathogens (Thielaviopsis basicola, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis cinerea), demonstrating their potential as biocontrol agents. Based on the observed genetic and phenotypic differences from closely related species, we propose the following names for the four novel species: Pseudomonas grandcourensis sp. nov., type strain DGS24T ( = DSM 117501T = CECT 31011T), Pseudomonas purpurea sp. nov., type strain DGS26T ( = DSM 117502T = CECT 31012T), Pseudomonas helvetica sp. nov., type strain DGS28T ( = DSM 117503T = CECT 31013T) and Pseudomonas aestiva sp. nov., type strain DGS32T ( = DSM 117504T = CECT 31014T).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Joseph Keel
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Garrido-Sanz
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Graham EB, Garayburu-Caruso VA, Wu R, Zheng J, McClure R, Jones GD. Genomic fingerprints of the world's soil ecosystems. mSystems 2024; 9:e0111223. [PMID: 38722174 PMCID: PMC11237643 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01112-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the explosion of soil metagenomic data, we lack a synthesized understanding of patterns in the distribution and functions of soil microorganisms. These patterns are critical to predictions of soil microbiome responses to climate change and resulting feedbacks that regulate greenhouse gas release from soils. To address this gap, we assay 1,512 manually curated soil metagenomes using complementary annotation databases, read-based taxonomy, and machine learning to extract multidimensional genomic fingerprints of global soil microbiomes. Our objective is to uncover novel biogeographical patterns of soil microbiomes across environmental factors and ecological biomes with high molecular resolution. We reveal shifts in the potential for (i) microbial nutrient acquisition across pH gradients; (ii) stress-, transport-, and redox-based processes across changes in soil bulk density; and (iii) greenhouse gas emissions across biomes. We also use an unsupervised approach to reveal a collection of soils with distinct genomic signatures, characterized by coordinated changes in soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity and in bulk density and clay content that may ultimately reflect soil environments with high microbial activity. Genomic fingerprints for these soils highlight the importance of resource scavenging, plant-microbe interactions, fungi, and heterotrophic metabolisms. Across all analyses, we observed phylogenetic coherence in soil microbiomes-more closely related microorganisms tended to move congruently in response to soil factors. Collectively, the genomic fingerprints uncovered here present a basis for global patterns in the microbial mechanisms underlying soil biogeochemistry and help beget tractable microbial reaction networks for incorporation into process-based models of soil carbon and nutrient cycling.IMPORTANCEWe address a critical gap in our understanding of soil microorganisms and their functions, which have a profound impact on our environment. We analyzed 1,512 global soils with advanced analytics to create detailed genetic profiles (fingerprints) of soil microbiomes. Our work reveals novel patterns in how microorganisms are distributed across different soil environments. For instance, we discovered shifts in microbial potential to acquire nutrients in relation to soil acidity, as well as changes in stress responses and potential greenhouse gas emissions linked to soil structure. We also identified soils with putative high activity that had unique genomic characteristics surrounding resource acquisition, plant-microbe interactions, and fungal activity. Finally, we observed that closely related microorganisms tend to respond in similar ways to changes in their surroundings. Our work is a significant step toward comprehending the intricate world of soil microorganisms and its role in the global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Graham
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | | | - Ruonan Wu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Jianqiu Zheng
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan McClure
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Gerrad D. Jones
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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5
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Woodard AM, Peccati F, Navo CD, Jiménez-Osés G, Mitchell DA. Darobactin Substrate Engineering and Computation Show Radical Stability Governs Ether versus C-C Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14328-14340. [PMID: 38728535 PMCID: PMC11225102 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The Gram-negative selective antibiotic darobactin A has attracted interest owing to its intriguing fused bicyclic structure and unique targeting of the outer membrane protein BamA. Darobactin, a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP), is produced by a radical S-adenosyl methionine (rSAM)-dependent enzyme (DarE) and contains one ether and one C-C cross-link. Herein, we analyze the substrate tolerance of DarE and describe an underlying catalytic principle of the enzyme. These efforts produced 51 enzymatically modified darobactin variants, revealing that DarE can install the ether and C-C cross-links independently and in different locations on the substrate. Notable variants with fused bicyclic structures were characterized, including darobactin W3Y, with a non-Trp residue at the twice-modified central position, and darobactin K5F, which displays a fused diether ring pattern. While lacking antibiotic activity, quantum mechanical modeling of darobactins W3Y and K5F aided in the elucidation of the requisite features for high-affinity BamA engagement. We also provide experimental evidence for β-oxo modification, which adds support for a proposed DarE mechanism. Based on these results, ether and C-C cross-link formation was investigated computationally, and it was determined that more stable and longer-lived aromatic Cβ radicals correlated with ether formation. Further, molecular docking and transition state structures based on high-level quantum mechanical calculations support the different indole connectivity observed for ether (Trp-C7) and C-C (Trp-C6) cross-links. Finally, mutational analysis and protein structural predictions identified substrate residues that govern engagement to DarE. Our work informs on darobactin scaffold engineering and further unveils the underlying principles of rSAM catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Woodard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Francesca Peccati
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Claudio D Navo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Douglas A Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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6
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Abstract
Covering: 2016 to 2023Ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) continue to be a rich source of chemically diverse and bioactive peptide natural products. In recent years, cyclophane-containing RiPP natural products and their biosynthetic pathways have been more frequently encountered. This highlight will focus on bacterial monoaryl cyclophane-containing RiPPs. This class of RiPPs is produced by radical SAM/SPASM enzymes that form a crosslink between the aromatic ring and sidechain of two amino acid residues of the precursor peptide. Selected natural products from these pathways exhibit specific antibacterial activity against gram-negative pathogens. The approaches used to discover these pathways and products will be described and categorized as natural product-first or enzyme-first. The breadth of ring systems formed by the enzymes, enzyme mechanism, and recent reports of synthetic methods for constructing these ring systems will also be presented. Bacterial cyclophane-containing RiPPs and their biosynthetic enzymes represent an untapped source of scaffolds for drug discovery and tools for synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Soon Phan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Dr 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore.
| | - Brandon I Morinaka
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Dr 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore.
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7
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Tang J, Matsuda Y. Discovery of fungal onoceroid triterpenoids through domainless enzyme-targeted global genome mining. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4312. [PMID: 38773118 PMCID: PMC11109268 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomics-guided methodologies have revolutionized the discovery of natural products. However, a major challenge in the field of genome mining is determining how to selectively extract biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for untapped natural products from numerous available genome sequences. In this study, we developed a fungal genome mining tool that extracts BGCs encoding enzymes that lack a detectable protein domain (i.e., domainless enzymes) and are not recognized as biosynthetic proteins by existing bioinformatic tools. We searched for BGCs encoding a homologue of Pyr4-family terpene cyclases, which are representative examples of apparently domainless enzymes, in approximately 2000 fungal genomes and discovered several BGCs with unique features. The subsequent characterization of selected BGCs led to the discovery of fungal onoceroid triterpenoids and unprecedented onoceroid synthases. Furthermore, in addition to the onoceroids, a previously unreported sesquiterpene hydroquinone, of which the biosynthesis involves a Pyr4-family terpene cyclase, was obtained. Our genome mining tool has broad applicability in fungal genome mining and can serve as a beneficial platform for accessing diverse, unexploited natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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8
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Jensen RO, Schulz F, Roux S, Klingeman DM, Mitchell WP, Udwary D, Moraïs S, Reynoso V, Winkler J, Nagaraju S, De Tissera S, Shapiro N, Ivanova N, Reddy TBK, Mizrahi I, Utturkar SM, Bayer EA, Woyke T, Mouncey NJ, Jewett MC, Simpson SD, Köpke M, Jones DT, Brown SD. Phylogenomics and genetic analysis of solvent-producing Clostridium species. Sci Data 2024; 11:432. [PMID: 38693191 PMCID: PMC11063209 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Clostridium is a large and diverse group within the Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes), whose members can encode useful complex traits such as solvent production, gas-fermentation, and lignocellulose breakdown. We describe 270 genome sequences of solventogenic clostridia from a comprehensive industrial strain collection assembled by Professor David Jones that includes 194 C. beijerinckii, 57 C. saccharobutylicum, 4 C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum, 5 C. butyricum, 7 C. acetobutylicum, and 3 C. tetanomorphum genomes. We report methods, analyses and characterization for phylogeny, key attributes, core biosynthetic genes, secondary metabolites, plasmids, prophage/CRISPR diversity, cellulosomes and quorum sensing for the 6 species. The expanded genomic data described here will facilitate engineering of solvent-producing clostridia as well as non-model microorganisms with innately desirable traits. Sequences could be applied in conventional platform biocatalysts such as yeast or Escherichia coli for enhanced chemical production. Recently, gene sequences from this collection were used to engineer Clostridium autoethanogenum, a gas-fermenting autotrophic acetogen, for continuous acetone or isopropanol production, as well as butanol, butanoic acid, hexanol and hexanoic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederik Schulz
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Simon Roux
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Udwary
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Moraïs
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicole Shapiro
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Ivanova
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T B K Reddy
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Itzhak Mizrahi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Sagar M Utturkar
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Edward A Bayer
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Tanja Woyke
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- University of California Merced, Life and Environmental Sciences, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Nigel J Mouncey
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David T Jones
- Department of Microbiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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9
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Dmitrijeva M, Tackmann J, Matias Rodrigues JF, Huerta-Cepas J, Coelho LP, von Mering C. A global survey of prokaryotic genomes reveals the eco-evolutionary pressures driving horizontal gene transfer. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:986-998. [PMID: 38443606 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer, the exchange of genetic material through means other than reproduction, is a fundamental force in prokaryotic genome evolution. Genomic persistence of horizontally transferred genes has been shown to be influenced by both ecological and evolutionary factors. However, there is limited availability of ecological information about species other than the habitats from which they were isolated, which has prevented a deeper exploration of ecological contributions to horizontal gene transfer. Here we focus on transfers detected through comparison of individual gene trees to the species tree, assessing the distribution of gene-exchanging prokaryotes across over a million environmental sequencing samples. By analysing detected horizontal gene transfer events, we show distinct functional profiles for recent versus old events. Although most genes transferred are part of the accessory genome, genes transferred earlier in evolution tend to be more ubiquitous within present-day species. We find that co-occurring, interacting and high-abundance species tend to exchange more genes. Finally, we show that host-associated specialist species are most likely to exchange genes with other host-associated specialist species, whereas species found across different habitats have similar gene exchange rates irrespective of their preferred habitat. Our study covers an unprecedented scale of integrated horizontal gene transfer and environmental information, highlighting broad eco-evolutionary trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Dmitrijeva
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janko Tackmann
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jaime Huerta-Cepas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Pedro Coelho
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Christian von Mering
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Zheng R, Wang C, Sun C. Deep-sea in situ and laboratory multi-omics provide insights into the sulfur assimilation of a deep-sea Chloroflexota bacterium. mBio 2024; 15:e0000424. [PMID: 38417116 PMCID: PMC11005417 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00004-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chloroflexota bacteria are abundant and globally distributed in various deep-sea ecosystems. It has been reported based on metagenomics data that two deep-sea Chloroflexota lineages (the SAR202 group and Dehalococcoidia class) have the potential to drive sulfur cycling. However, the absence of cultured Chloroflexota representatives is a significant bottleneck toward understanding their contribution to the deep-sea sulfur cycling. In this study, we find that Phototrophicus methaneseepsis ZRK33 isolated from deep-sea sediment has a heterotrophic lifestyle and can assimilate sulfate and thiosulfate. Using combined physiological, genomic, proteomic, and in situ transcriptomic methods, we find that strain ZRK33 can perform assimilatory sulfate reduction in both laboratory and deep-sea conditions. Metabolism of sulfate or thiosulfate by strain ZRK33 significantly promotes the transport and degradation of various macromolecules and thereby stimulates the energy production. In addition, metagenomic results show that genes associated with assimilatory and dissimilatory sulfate reduction are ubiquitously distributed in the metagenome-assembled genomes of Chloroflexota members derived from deep-sea sediments. Metatranscriptomic results also show that the expression levels of related genes are upregulated, strongly suggesting that Chloroflexota bacteria may play undocumented roles in deep-sea sulfur cycling. IMPORTANCE The cycling of sulfur is one of Earth's major biogeochemical processes and is closely related to the energy metabolism of microorganisms living in the deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vents. To date, some of the members of Chloroflexota are proposed to play a previously unrecognized role in sulfur cycling. However, the sulfur metabolic characteristics of deep-sea Chloroflexota bacteria have never been reported, and remain to be verified in cultured deep-sea representatives. Here, we show that the deep-sea Chloroflexota bacterium ZRK33 can perform sulfate assimilation in both laboratory and deep-sea conditions, which expands our knowledge of the sulfur metabolic potential of deep-sea Chloroflexota bacteria. We also show that the genes associated with assimilatory and dissimilatory sulfate reduction ubiquitously distribute in the deep-sea Chloroflexota members, providing hints to the roles of Chloroflexota bacteria in deep-sea sulfur biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuan Zheng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chong Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Price MN, Arkin AP. A fast comparative genome browser for diverse bacteria and archaea. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301871. [PMID: 38593165 PMCID: PMC11003636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome sequencing has revealed an incredible diversity of bacteria and archaea, but there are no fast and convenient tools for browsing across these genomes. It is cumbersome to view the prevalence of homologs for a protein of interest, or the gene neighborhoods of those homologs, across the diversity of the prokaryotes. We developed a web-based tool, fast.genomics, that uses two strategies to support fast browsing across the diversity of prokaryotes. First, the database of genomes is split up. The main database contains one representative from each of the 6,377 genera that have a high-quality genome, and additional databases for each taxonomic order contain up to 10 representatives of each species. Second, homologs of proteins of interest are identified quickly by using accelerated searches, usually in a few seconds. Once homologs are identified, fast.genomics can quickly show their prevalence across taxa, view their neighboring genes, or compare the prevalence of two different proteins. Fast.genomics is available at https://fast.genomics.lbl.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan N. Price
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Adam P. Arkin
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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12
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Wright E. Accurately clustering biological sequences in linear time by relatedness sorting. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3047. [PMID: 38589369 PMCID: PMC11001989 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Clustering biological sequences into similar groups is an increasingly important task as the number of available sequences continues to grow exponentially. Search-based approaches to clustering scale super-linearly with the number of input sequences, making it impractical to cluster very large sets of sequences. Approaches to clustering sequences in linear time currently lack the accuracy of super-linear approaches. Here, I set out to develop and characterize a strategy for clustering with linear time complexity that retains the accuracy of less scalable approaches. The resulting algorithm, named Clusterize, sorts sequences by relatedness to linearize the clustering problem. Clusterize produces clusters with accuracy rivaling popular programs (CD-HIT, MMseqs2, and UCLUST) but exhibits linear asymptotic scalability. Clusterize generates higher accuracy and oftentimes much larger clusters than Linclust, a fast linear time clustering algorithm. I demonstrate the utility of Clusterize by accurately solving different clustering problems involving millions of nucleotide or protein sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wright
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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13
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Wei X, Tan H, Lobb B, Zhen W, Wu Z, Parks DH, Neufeld JD, Moreno-Hagelsieb G, Doxey AC. AnnoView enables large-scale analysis, comparison, and visualization of microbial gene neighborhoods. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae229. [PMID: 38747283 PMCID: PMC11094555 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The analysis and comparison of gene neighborhoods is a powerful approach for exploring microbial genome structure, function, and evolution. Although numerous tools exist for genome visualization and comparison, genome exploration across large genomic databases or user-generated datasets remains a challenge. Here, we introduce AnnoView, a web server designed for interactive exploration of gene neighborhoods across the bacterial and archaeal tree of life. Our server offers users the ability to identify, compare, and visualize gene neighborhoods of interest from 30 238 bacterial genomes and 1672 archaeal genomes, through integration with the comprehensive Genome Taxonomy Database and AnnoTree databases. Identified gene neighborhoods can be visualized using pre-computed functional annotations from different sources such as KEGG, Pfam and TIGRFAM, or clustered based on similarity. Alternatively, users can upload and explore their own custom genomic datasets in GBK, GFF or CSV format, or use AnnoView as a genome browser for relatively small genomes (e.g. viruses and plasmids). Ultimately, we anticipate that AnnoView will catalyze biological discovery by enabling user-friendly search, comparison, and visualization of genomic data. AnnoView is available at http://annoview.uwaterloo.ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Biology and Waterloo Centre for Microbial Research, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Huagang Tan
- Department of Biology and Waterloo Centre for Microbial Research, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Briallen Lobb
- Department of Biology and Waterloo Centre for Microbial Research, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - William Zhen
- Department of Biology and Waterloo Centre for Microbial Research, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zijing Wu
- Department of Biology and Waterloo Centre for Microbial Research, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Donovan H Parks
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Josh D Neufeld
- Department of Biology and Waterloo Centre for Microbial Research, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Gabriel Moreno-Hagelsieb
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew C Doxey
- Department of Biology and Waterloo Centre for Microbial Research, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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14
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Carasso S, Zaatry R, Hajjo H, Kadosh-Kariti D, Ben-Assa N, Naddaf R, Mandelbaum N, Pressman S, Chowers Y, Gefen T, Jeffrey KL, Jofre J, Coyne MJ, Comstock LE, Sharon I, Geva-Zatorsky N. Inflammation and bacteriophages affect DNA inversion states and functionality of the gut microbiota. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:322-334.e9. [PMID: 38423015 PMCID: PMC10939037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Reversible genomic DNA inversions control the expression of numerous gut bacterial molecules, but how this impacts disease remains uncertain. By analyzing metagenomic samples from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cohorts, we identified multiple invertible regions where a particular orientation correlated with disease. These include the promoter of polysaccharide A (PSA) of Bacteroides fragilis, which induces regulatory T cells (Tregs) and ameliorates experimental colitis. The PSA promoter was mostly oriented "OFF" in IBD patients, which correlated with increased B. fragilis-associated bacteriophages. Similarly, in mice colonized with a healthy human microbiota and B. fragilis, induction of colitis caused a decline of PSA in the "ON" orientation that reversed as inflammation resolved. Monocolonization of mice with B. fragilis revealed that bacteriophage infection increased the frequency of PSA in the "OFF" orientation, causing reduced PSA expression and decreased Treg cells. Altogether, we reveal dynamic bacterial phase variations driven by bacteriophages and host inflammation, signifying bacterial functional plasticity during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaqed Carasso
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (RTICC), Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Rawan Zaatry
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (RTICC), Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Haitham Hajjo
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (RTICC), Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Dana Kadosh-Kariti
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (RTICC), Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Nadav Ben-Assa
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (RTICC), Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Rawi Naddaf
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (RTICC), Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Noa Mandelbaum
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (RTICC), Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Sigal Pressman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Yehuda Chowers
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Tal Gefen
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (RTICC), Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Kate L Jeffrey
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juan Jofre
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael J Coyne
- Duchossois Family Institute and Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laurie E Comstock
- Duchossois Family Institute and Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Itai Sharon
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
| | - Naama Geva-Zatorsky
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (RTICC), Haifa 32000, Israel; CIFAR, MaRS Centre, West Tower 661, Suite 505, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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15
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Niu D, Feng N, Xi S, Xu J, Su Y. Genomics-based analysis of four porcine-derived lactic acid bacteria strains and their evaluation as potential probiotics. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:24. [PMID: 38438804 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The search for probiotics and exploration of their functions are crucial for livestock farming. Recently, porcine-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have shown great potential as probiotics. However, research on the evaluation of porcine-derived LAB as potential probiotics through genomics-based analysis is relatively limited. The present study analyzed four porcine-derived LAB strains (Lactobacillus johnsonii L16, Latilactobacillus curvatus ZHA1, Ligilactobacillus salivarius ZSA5 and Ligilactobacillus animalis ZSB1) using genomic techniques and combined with in vitro tests to evaluate their potential as probiotics. The genome sizes of the four strains ranged from 1,897,301 bp to 2,318,470 bp with the GC contents from 33.03 to 41.97%. Pan-genomic analysis and collinearity analysis indicated differences among the genomes of four strains. Carbohydrate active enzymes analysis revealed that L. johnsonii L16 encoded more carbohydrate active enzymes than other strains. KEGG pathway analysis and in vitro tests confirmed that L. johnsonii L16 could utilize a wide range of carbohydrates and had good utilization capacity for each carbohydrate. The four strains had genes related to acid tolerance and were tolerant to low pH, with L. johnsonii L16 showing the greatest tolerance. The four strains contained genes related to bile salt tolerance and were able to tolerate 0.1% bile salt. Four strains had antioxidant related genes and exhibited antioxidant activity in in vitro tests. They contained the genes linked with organic acid biosynthesis and exhibited antibacterial activity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC K88) and Salmonella 6,7:c:1,5, wherein, L. johnsonii L16 and L. salivarius ZSA5 had gene clusters encoding bacteriocin. Results suggest that genome analysis combined with in vitro tests is an effective approach for evaluating different strains as probiotics. The findings of this study indicate that L. johnsonii L16 has the potential as a probiotic strain among the four strains and provide theoretical basis for the development of probiotics in swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekai Niu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ni Feng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Siteng Xi
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianjian Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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16
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Lien Y, Lachowicz JC, Mendauletova A, Zizola C, Ngendahimana T, Kostenko A, Eaton SS, Latham JA, Grove TL. Structural, Biochemical, and Bioinformatic Basis for Identifying Radical SAM Cyclopropyl Synthases. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:370-379. [PMID: 38295270 PMCID: PMC10878394 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The importance of radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine (RS) enzymes in the maturation of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) continues to expand, specifically for the RS-SPASM subfamily. We recently discovered an RS-SPASM enzyme that installs a carbon-carbon bond between the geminal methyls of valine residues, resulting in the formation of cyclopropylglycine (CPG). Here, we sought to define the family of cyclopropyl (CP) synthases because of the importance of cyclopropane scaffolds in pharmaceutical development. Using RadicalSAM.org, we bioinformatically expanded the family of CP synthases and assigned unique peptide sequences to each subclade. We identified a unique RiPP biosynthetic pathway that encodes a precursor peptide, TigB, with a repeating TIGSVS motif. Using LCMS and NMR techniques, we show that the RS enzyme associated with the pathway, TigE, catalyzes the formation of a methyl-CPG from the conserved isoleucine residing in the repeating motif of TigB. Furthermore, we obtained a crystal structure of TigE, which reveals an unusual tyrosyl ligation to the auxiliary I [4Fe-4S] cluster, provided by a glycine-tyrosine-tryptophan motif unique to all CP synthases. Further, we show that this unique tyrosyl ligation is absolutely required for TigE activity. Together, our results provide insight into how CP synthases perform this unique reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lien
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
| | - Jake C. Lachowicz
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Aigera Mendauletova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
| | - Cynthia Zizola
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Thacien Ngendahimana
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
| | - Anastasiia Kostenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
| | - Sandra S. Eaton
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
| | - John A. Latham
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
| | - Tyler L. Grove
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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17
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Lee WK, Chan BKK, Kim JY, Ju SJ, Kim SJ. Comparative genomics reveals the dynamic evolutionary history of cement protein genes of barnacles from intertidal to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13895. [PMID: 37955198 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Thoracican barnacles are a diverse group of marine organisms for which the availability of genome assemblies is currently limited. In this study, we sequenced the genomes of two neolepadoid species (Ashinkailepas kermadecensis, Imbricaverruca yamaguchii) from hydrothermal vents, in addition to two intertidal species. Genome sizes ranged from 481 to 1054 Mb, with repetitive sequence contents of 21.2% to 50.7%. Concordance rates of orthologs and heterozygosity rates were between 82.4% and 91.7% and between 1.0% and 2.1%, respectively, indicating high genetic diversity and heterozygosity. Based on phylogenomic analyses, we revised the nomenclature of cement genes encoding cement proteins that are not homologous to any known proteins. The major cement gene, CP100A, was found in all thoracican species, including vent-associated neolepadoids, and was hypothesised to be essential for thoracican settlement. Duplicated genes, CP100B and CP100C, were found only in balanids, suggesting potential functional redundancy or acquisition of new functions associated with the calcareous base. An ancestor of CP52 genes was duplicated dynamically among lepadids, pollicipedids with multiple copies on a single scaffold, and balanids with multiple sequential repeats of the conserved regions, but no CP52 genes were found in neolepadoids, providing insights into cement gene evolution among thoracican lineages. This study enhances our understanding of the adhesion mechanisms of thoracicans in underwater environments. The newly sequenced genomes provide opportunities for studying their evolution and ecology, shedding light on their adaptation to diverse marine environments, and contributing to our knowledge of barnacle biology with valuable genomic resources for further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyung Lee
- Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jae-Yoon Kim
- Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Jong Ju
- Marine Resources & Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Korea
| | - Se-Joo Kim
- Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
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18
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Haft DH. In silico discovery of the myxosortases that process MYXO-CTERM and three novel prokaryotic C-terminal protein-sorting signals that share invariant Cys residues. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0017323. [PMID: 38084967 PMCID: PMC10810001 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00173-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The LPXTG protein-sorting signal, found in surface proteins of various Gram-positive pathogens, was the founding member of a growing panel of prokaryotic small C-terminal sorting domains. Sortase A cleaves LPXTG, exosortases (XrtA and XrtB) cleave the PEP-CTERM sorting signal, archaeosortase A cleaves PGF-CTERM, and rhombosortase cleaves GlyGly-CTERM domains. Four sorting signal domains without previously known processing proteases are the MYXO-CTERM, JDVT-CTERM, Synerg-CTERM, and CGP-CTERM domains. These exhibit the standard tripartite architecture of a short signature motif, a hydrophobic transmembrane segment, and an Arg-rich cluster. Each has an invariant cysteine in its signature motif. Computational evidence strongly suggests that each of these four Cys-containing sorting signals is processed, at least in part, by a cognate family of glutamic-type intramembrane endopeptidases related to the eukaryotic type II CAAX-processing protease Rce1. For the MYXO-CTERM sorting signals of different lineages, their sorting enzymes, called myxosortases, include MrtX (MXAN_2755 in Myxococcus xanthus), MrtC, and MrtP, all with radically different N-terminal domains but with a conserved core. Related predicted sorting enzymes were also identified for JDVT-CTERM (MrtJ), Synerg-CTERM (MrtS), and CGP-CTERM (MrtA). This work establishes a major new family of protein-sorting housekeeping endopeptidases contributing to the surface attachment of proteins in prokaryotes. IMPORTANCE Homologs of the eukaryotic type II CAAX-box protease Rce1, a membrane-embedded endopeptidase found in yeast and human ER and involved in sorting proteins to their proper cellular locations, are abundant in prokaryotes but not well understood there. This bioinformatics paper identifies several subgroups of the family as cognate endopeptidases for four protein-sorting signals processed by previously unknown machinery. Sorting signals with newly identified processing enzymes include three novel ones, but also MYXO-CTERM, which had been the focus of previous experimental work in the model fruiting and gliding bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. The new findings will substantially improve our understanding of Cys-containing C-terminal protein-sorting signals and of protein trafficking generally in bacteria and archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Haft
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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19
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Wang J, Zhu YG, Tiedje JM, Ge Y. Global biogeography and ecological implications of cobamide-producing prokaryotes. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae009. [PMID: 38366262 PMCID: PMC10900890 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Cobamides, a class of essential coenzymes synthesized only by a subset of prokaryotes, are model nutrients in microbial interaction studies and play significant roles in global ecosystems. Yet, their spatial patterns and functional roles remain poorly understood. Herein, we present an in-depth examination of cobamide-producing microorganisms, drawn from a comprehensive analysis of 2862 marine and 2979 soil metagenomic samples. A total of 1934 nonredundant metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) potentially capable of producing cobamides de novo were identified. The cobamide-producing MAGs are taxonomically diverse but habitat specific. They constituted only a fraction of all the recovered MAGs, with the majority of MAGs being potential cobamide users. By mapping the distribution of cobamide producers in marine and soil environments, distinct latitudinal gradients were observed: the marine environment showed peak abundance at the equator, whereas soil environments peaked at mid-latitudes. Importantly, significant and positive links between the abundance of cobamide producers and the diversity and functions of microbial communities were observed, as well as their promotional roles in essential biogeochemical cycles. These associations were more pronounced in marine samples than in soil samples, which suggests a heightened propensity for microorganisms to engage in cobamide sharing in fluid environments relative to the more spatially restricted soil environment. These findings shed light on the global patterns and potential ecological roles of cobamide-producing microorganisms in marine and soil ecosystems, enhancing our understanding of large-scale microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Yuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Pan Z, Li DD, Li P, Geng Y, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Li YZ, Zhang Z. GDPF: a data resource for the distribution of prokaryotic protein families across the global biosphere. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D724-D731. [PMID: 37823598 PMCID: PMC10767866 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms encode most of the functions of life on Earth. However, conventional research has primarily focused on specific environments such as humans, soil and oceans, leaving the distribution of functional families throughout the global biosphere poorly comprehended. Here, we present the database of the global distribution of prokaryotic protein families (GDPF, http://bioinfo.qd.sdu.edu.cn/GDPF/), a data resource on the distribution of functional families across the global biosphere. GDPF provides global distribution information for 36 334 protein families, 19 734 superfamilies and 12 089 KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) orthologs from multiple source databases, covering typical environments such as soil, oceans, animals, plants and sediments. Users can browse, search and download the distribution data of each entry in 10 000 global microbial communities, as well as conduct comparative analysis of distribution disparities among multiple entries across various environments. The GDPF data resource contributes to uncovering the geographical distribution patterns, key influencing factors and macroecological principles of microbial functions at a global level, thereby promoting research in Earth ecology and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Dan-dan Li
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yiru Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yue-zhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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21
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Haft DH, Badretdin A, Coulouris G, DiCuccio M, Durkin A, Jovenitti E, Li W, Mersha M, O’Neill K, Virothaisakun J, Thibaud-Nissen F. RefSeq and the prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline in the age of metagenomes. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D762-D769. [PMID: 37962425 PMCID: PMC10767926 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Reference Sequence (RefSeq) project at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) contains over 315 000 bacterial and archaeal genomes and 236 million proteins with up-to-date and consistent annotation. In the past 3 years, we have expanded the diversity of the RefSeq collection by including the best quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) submitted to INSDC (DDBJ, ENA and GenBank), while maintaining its quality by adding validation checks. Assemblies are now more stringently evaluated for contamination and for completeness of annotation prior to acceptance into RefSeq. MAGs now account for over 17000 assemblies in RefSeq, split over 165 orders and 362 families. Changes in the Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP), which is used to annotate nearly all RefSeq assemblies include better detection of protein-coding genes. Nearly 83% of RefSeq proteins are now named by a curated Protein Family Model, a 4.7% increase in the past three years ago. In addition to literature citations, Enzyme Commission numbers, and gene symbols, Gene Ontology terms are now assigned to 48% of RefSeq proteins, allowing for easier multi-genome comparison. RefSeq is found at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/. PGAP is available as a stand-alone tool able to produce GenBank-ready files at https://github.com/ncbi/pgap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Haft
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Azat Badretdin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - George Coulouris
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Michael DiCuccio
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - A Scott Durkin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Eric Jovenitti
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Megdelawit Mersha
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Kathleen R O’Neill
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Joel Virothaisakun
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Françoise Thibaud-Nissen
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
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22
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Arikan M, Muth T. gNOMO2: a comprehensive and modular pipeline for integrated multi-omics analyses of microbiomes. Gigascience 2024; 13:giae038. [PMID: 38995144 PMCID: PMC11240238 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, omics technologies have offered an exceptional chance to gain a deeper insight into the structural and functional characteristics of microbial communities. As a result, there is a growing demand for user-friendly, reproducible, and versatile bioinformatic tools that can effectively harness multi-omics data to provide a holistic understanding of microbiomes. Previously, we introduced gNOMO, a bioinformatic pipeline tailored to analyze microbiome multi-omics data in an integrative manner. In response to the evolving demands within the microbiome field and the growing necessity for integrated multi-omics data analysis, we have implemented substantial enhancements to the gNOMO pipeline. RESULTS Here, we present gNOMO2, a comprehensive and modular pipeline that can seamlessly manage various omics combinations, ranging from 2 to 4 distinct omics data types, including 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics. Furthermore, gNOMO2 features a specialized module for processing 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data to create a protein database suitable for metaproteomics investigations. Moreover, it incorporates new differential abundance, integration, and visualization approaches, enhancing the toolkit for a more insightful analysis of microbiomes. The functionality of these new features is showcased through the use of 4 microbiome multi-omics datasets encompassing various ecosystems and omics combinations. gNOMO2 not only replicated most of the primary findings from these studies but also offered further valuable perspectives. CONCLUSIONS gNOMO2 enables the thorough integration of taxonomic and functional analyses in microbiome multi-omics data, offering novel insights in both host-associated and free-living microbiome research. gNOMO2 is available freely at https://github.com/muzafferarikan/gNOMO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Arikan
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Thilo Muth
- Domain Data Competence Center (MF 2), Robert Koch Institute (RKI), 13353, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Feuermann M, Gaudet P. Interpreting Gene Ontology Annotations Derived from Sequence Homology Methods. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2836:285-298. [PMID: 38995546 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4007-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The Gene Ontology (GO) project describes the functions of the gene products of organisms from all kingdoms of life in a standardized way, enabling powerful analyses of experiments involving genome-wide analysis. The scientific literature is used to convert experimental results into GO annotations that systematically classify gene products' functions. However, to address the fact that only a minor fraction of all genes has been characterized experimentally, multiple predictive methods to assign GO annotations have been developed since the inception of GO. Sequence homologies between novel genes and genes with known functions help to approximate the roles of these non-characterized genes. Here we describe the main sequence homology methods to produce annotations: pairwise comparison (BLAST), protein profile models (InterPro), and phylogenetic-based annotation (PAINT). Some of these methods can be implemented with genome analysis pipelines (BLAST and InterPro2GO), while PAINT is curated by the GO consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Feuermann
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Gaudet
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland.
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24
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Abby SS, Denise R, Rocha EPC. Identification of Protein Secretion Systems in Bacterial Genomes Using MacSyFinder Version 2. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2715:1-25. [PMID: 37930518 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3445-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein secretion systems are complex molecular machineries that translocate proteins through the outer membrane and sometimes through multiple other barriers. They have evolved by co-option of components from other envelope-associated cellular machineries, making them sometimes difficult to identify and discriminate. Here, we describe how to identify protein secretion systems in bacterial genomes using the MacSyFinder program. This flexible computational tool uses the knowledge gathered from experimental studies to identify homologous systems in genome data. It can be used with a set of predefined MacSyFinder models, "TXSScan," to identify all major secretion systems of diderm bacteria (i.e., with inner and LPS-containing outer membranes) as well as evolutionarily related cell appendages (pili and flagella). For this, it identifies and clusters co-localized genes encoding proteins of secretion systems using sequence similarity search with Hidden Markov Model (HMM) protein profiles. Finally, it checks if the clusters' genetic content and genomic organization satisfy the constraints of the model. TXSScan models can be altered in the command line or customized to search for variants of known secretion systems. Models can also be built from scratch to identify novel systems. In this chapter, we describe a complete pipeline of analysis, starting from (i) the integration of information from a reference set of experimentally studied systems, (ii) the identification of conserved proteins and the construction of their HMM protein profiles, (iii) the definition and optimization of "macsy-models," and (iv) their use and online distribution as tools to search genomic data for secretion systems of interest. MacSyFinder is available here: https://github.com/gem-pasteur/macsyfinder, and MacSyFinder models here: https://github.com/macsy-models .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie S Abby
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble, France.
| | - Rémi Denise
- APC Microbiome Ireland & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eduardo P C Rocha
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris, France
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25
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Goff JL, Lui LM, Nielsen TN, Poole FL, Smith HJ, Walker KF, Hazen TC, Fields MW, Arkin AP, Adams MWW. Mixed waste contamination selects for a mobile genetic element population enriched in multiple heavy metal resistance genes. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycae064. [PMID: 38800128 PMCID: PMC11128244 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) like plasmids, viruses, and transposable elements can provide fitness benefits to their hosts for survival in the presence of environmental stressors. Heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) are frequently observed on MGEs, suggesting that MGEs may be an important driver of adaptive evolution in environments contaminated with heavy metals. Here, we report the meta-mobilome of the heavy metal-contaminated regions of the Oak Ridge Reservation subsurface. This meta-mobilome was compared with one derived from samples collected from unimpacted regions of the Oak Ridge Reservation subsurface. We assembled 1615 unique circularized DNA elements that we propose to be MGEs. The circular elements from the highly contaminated subsurface were enriched in HMRG clusters relative to those from the nearby unimpacted regions. Additionally, we found that these HMRGs were associated with Gamma and Betaproteobacteria hosts in the contaminated subsurface and potentially facilitate the persistence and dominance of these taxa in this region. Finally, the HMRGs were associated with conjugative elements, suggesting their potential for future lateral transfer. We demonstrate how our understanding of MGE ecology, evolution, and function can be enhanced through the genomic context provided by completed MGE assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Goff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Lauren M Lui
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Torben N Nielsen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Farris L Poole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Heidi J Smith
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Kathleen F Walker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916, United States
| | - Terry C Hazen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916, United States
- Genome Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States
| | - Matthew W Fields
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Adam P Arkin
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Michael W W Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
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26
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Bittner MJ, Bannon CC, Rowland E, Sundh J, Bertrand EM, Andersson AF, Paerl RW, Riemann L. New chemical and microbial perspectives on vitamin B1 and vitamer dynamics of a coastal system. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycad016. [PMID: 38390520 PMCID: PMC10881298 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin B1 (thiamin, B1) is an essential micronutrient for cells, yet intriguingly in aquatic systems most bacterioplankton are unable to synthesize it de novo (auxotrophy), requiring an exogenous source. Cycling of this valuable metabolite in aquatic systems has not been fully investigated and vitamers (B1-related compounds) have only begun to be measured and incorporated into the B1 cycle. Here, we identify potential key producers and consumers of B1 and gain new insights into the dynamics of B1 cycling through measurements of B1 and vitamers (HMP: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine, HET: 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, FAMP: N-formyl-4-amino-5-aminomethyl-2-methylpyrimidine) in the particulate and dissolved pool in a temperate coastal system. Dissolved B1 was not the primary limiting nutrient for bacterial production and was relatively stable across seasons with concentrations ranging from 74-117 pM, indicating a balance of supply and demand. However, vitamer concentration changed markedly with season as did transcripts related to vitamer salvage and transport suggesting use of vitamers by certain bacterioplankton, e.g. Pelagibacterales. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that up to 78% of the bacterioplankton taxa were B1 auxotrophs. Notably, de novo B1 production was restricted to a few abundant bacterioplankton (e.g. Vulcanococcus, BACL14 (Burkholderiales), Verrucomicrobiales) across seasons. In summer, abundant picocyanobacteria were important putative B1 sources, based on transcriptional activity, leading to an increase in the B1 pool. Our results provide a new dynamic view of the players and processes involved in B1 cycling over time in coastal waters, and identify specific priority populations and processes for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriel J Bittner
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Catherine C Bannon
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Elden Rowland
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - John Sundh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Box 1031, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Erin M Bertrand
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anders F Andersson
- Department of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryan W Paerl
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 2769, United States
| | - Lasse Riemann
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
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27
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Nielsen H. Protein Sorting Prediction. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2715:27-63. [PMID: 37930519 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3445-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Many computational methods are available for predicting protein sorting in bacteria. When comparing them, it is important to know that they can be grouped into three fundamentally different approaches: signal-based, global property-based, and homology-based prediction. In this chapter, the strengths and drawbacks of each of these approaches are described through many examples of methods that predict secretion, integration into membranes, or subcellular locations in general. The aim of this chapter is to provide a user-level introduction to the field with a minimum of computational theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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28
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Nielsen H, Teufel F, Brunak S, von Heijne G. SignalP: The Evolution of a Web Server. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2836:331-367. [PMID: 38995548 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4007-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
SignalP ( https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/services/SignalP-6.0/ ) is a very popular prediction method for signal peptides, the intrinsic signals that make proteins secretory. The SignalP web server has existed since 1995 and is now in its sixth major version. In this historical account, we (three authors who have taken part in the entire journey plus the first author of the latest version) describe the differences between the versions and discuss the various decisions taken along the way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Nielsen
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Felix Teufel
- Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Digital Science & Innovation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Malov, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar von Heijne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
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29
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Rathinam AJ, Santhaseelan H, Dahms HU, Dinakaran VT, Murugaiah SG. Bioprospecting of unexplored halophilic actinobacteria against human infectious pathogens. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:398. [PMID: 37974926 PMCID: PMC10645811 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pathogenic diseases received much attention recently due to their uncontrolled spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which causes several threads every year. Effective alternate antimicrobials are urgently required to combat those disease causing infectious microbes. Halophilic actinobacteria revealed huge potentials and unexplored cultivable/non-cultivable actinobacterial species producing enormous antimicrobials have been proved in several genomics approaches. Potential gene clusters, PKS and NRPKS from Nocardia, Salinospora, Rhodococcus, and Streptomyces have wide range coding genes of secondary metabolites. Biosynthetic pathways identification via various approaches like genome mining, In silico, OSMAC (one strain many compound) analysis provides better identification of knowing the active metabolites using several databases like AMP, APD and CRAMPR, etc. Genome constellations of actinobacteria particularly the prediction of BGCs (Biosynthetic Gene Clusters) to mine the bioactive molecules such as pigments, biosurfactants and few enzymes have been reported for antimicrobial activity. Saltpan, saltlake, lagoon and haloalkali environment exploring potential actinobacterial strains Micromonospora, Kocuria, Pseudonocardia, and Nocardiopsis revealed several acids and ester derivatives with antimicrobial potential. Marine sediments and marine macro organisms have been found as significant population holders of potential actinobacterial strains. Deadly infectious diseases (IDs) including tuberculosis, ventilator-associated pneumonia and Candidiasis, have been targeted by halo-actinobacterial metabolites with promising results. Methicillin resistant Staphylococus aureus and virus like Encephalitic alphaviruses were potentially targeted by halophilic actinobacterial metabolites by the compound Homoseongomycin from sponge associated antinobacterium. In this review, we discuss the potential antimicrobial properties of various biomolecules extracted from the unexplored halophilic actinobacterial strains specifically against human infectious pathogens along with prospective genomic constellations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur James Rathinam
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024 India
| | - Henciya Santhaseelan
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024 India
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
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30
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Woodard AM, Peccati F, Navo CD, Jiménez-Osés G, Mitchell DA. Benzylic Radical Stabilization Permits Ether Formation During Darobactin Biosynthesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.29.569256. [PMID: 38076856 PMCID: PMC10705402 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.569256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-negative selective antibiotic darobactin A has attracted interest owing to its intriguing fused bicyclic structure and unique mode of action. Biosynthetic studies have revealed that darobactin is a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP). During maturation, the darobactin precursor peptide (DarA) is modified by a radical S-adenosyl methionine (rSAM)-dependent enzyme (DarE) to contain ether and C-C crosslinks. In this work, we describe the enzymatic tolerance of DarE using a panel of DarA variants, revealing that DarE can install the ether and C-C crosslinks independently and in different locations on DarA. These efforts produced 57 darobactin variants, 50 of which were enzymatically modified. Several new variants with fused bicyclic structures were characterized, including darobactin W3Y, which replaces tryptophan with tyrosine at the twice-modified central position, and darobactin K5F, which displays a fused diether ring pattern. Three additional darobactin variants contained fused diether macrocycles, leading us to investigate the origin of ether versus C-C crosslink formation. Computational analyses found that more stable and long-lived Cβ radicals found on aromatic amino acids correlated with ether formation. Further, molecular docking and calculated transition state structures provide support for the different indole connectivity observed for ether (Trp-C7) and C-C (Trp-C6) crosslink formation. We also provide experimental evidence for a β-oxotryptophan modification, a proposed intermediate during ether crosslink formation. Finally, mutational analysis of the DarA leader region and protein structural predictions identified which residues were dispensable for processing and others that govern substrate engagement by DarE. Our work informs on darobactin scaffold engineering and sheds additional light on the underlying principles of rSAM catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M. Woodard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Francesca Peccati
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Claudio D. Navo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Douglas A. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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31
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Ramoneda J, Jensen TBN, Price MN, Casamayor EO, Fierer N. Taxonomic and environmental distribution of bacterial amino acid auxotrophies. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7608. [PMID: 37993466 PMCID: PMC10665431 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Many microorganisms are auxotrophic-unable to synthesize the compounds they require for growth. With this work, we quantify the prevalence of amino acid auxotrophies across a broad diversity of bacteria and habitats. We predicted the amino acid biosynthetic capabilities of 26,277 unique bacterial genomes spanning 12 phyla using a metabolic pathway model validated with empirical data. Amino acid auxotrophy is widespread across bacterial phyla, but we conservatively estimate that the majority of taxa (78.4%) are able to synthesize all amino acids. Our estimates indicate that amino acid auxotrophies are more prevalent among obligate intracellular parasites and in free-living taxa with genomic attributes characteristic of 'streamlined' life history strategies. We predicted the amino acid biosynthetic capabilities of bacterial communities found in 12 unique habitats to investigate environmental associations with auxotrophy, using data compiled from 3813 samples spanning major aquatic, terrestrial, and engineered environments. Auxotrophic taxa were more abundant in host-associated environments (including the human oral cavity and gut) and in fermented food products, with auxotrophic taxa being relatively rare in soil and aquatic systems. Overall, this work contributes to a more complete understanding of amino acid auxotrophy across the bacterial tree of life and the ecological contexts in which auxotrophy can be a successful strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Ramoneda
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Thomas B N Jensen
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Morgan N Price
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Emilio O Casamayor
- Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB), Blanes, Spain
| | - Noah Fierer
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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32
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Zhang T, Zhou K, Wang Y, Xu J, Zheng Q, Luo T, Jiao N. Genomic insights into the adaptation of Synechococcus to the coastal environment on Xiamen. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1292150. [PMID: 38059125 PMCID: PMC10696648 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1292150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synechococcus are widely distributed in the global ocean, from the pelagic zone to coastal waters. However, little is known about Synechococcus in coastal seawater due to limitations in isolation and culture conditions. In this study, a combination of metagenomic sequencing technology, flow cytometry sorting, and multiple displacement amplification was used to investigate Synechococcus in the coastal seawater of Xiamen Island. The results revealed 18 clades of Synechococcus and diverse metabolic genes that appear to contribute to their adaptation to the coastal environment. Intriguingly, some metabolic genes related to the metabolism of carbohydrates, energy, nucleotides, and amino acids were found in 89 prophage regions that were detected in 16,258 Synechococcus sequences. The detected metabolic genes can enable prophages to contribute to the adaptation of Synechococcus hosts to the coastal marine environment. The detection of prophages also suggests that the cyanophages have infected Synechococcus. On the other hand, the identification of 773 genes associated with antiviral defense systems indicates that Synechococcus in Xiamen have evolved genetic traits in response to cyanophage infection. Studying the community diversity and functional genes of Synechococcus provides insights into their role in environmental adaptation and marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinxin Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tingwei Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Liu W, Cen H, Wu Z, Zhou H, Chen S, Yang X, Zhao G, Zhang G. Mycobacteriaceae Phenome Atlas (MPA): A Standardized Atlas for the Mycobacteriaceae Phenome Based on Heterogeneous Sources. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:439-456. [PMID: 37881319 PMCID: PMC10593683 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial family Mycobacteriaceae includes pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria, and systematic research on their genome and phenome can give comprehensive perspectives for exploring their disease mechanism. In this study, the phenotypes of Mycobacteriaceae were inferred from available phenomic data, and 82 microbial phenotypic traits were recruited as data elements of the microbial phenome. This Mycobacteriaceae phenome contains five categories and 20 subcategories of polyphasic phenotypes, and three categories and eight subcategories of functional phenotypes, all of which are complementary to the existing data standards of microbial phenotypes. The phenomic data of Mycobacteriaceae strains were compiled by literature mining, third-party database integration, and bioinformatics annotation. The phenotypes were searchable and comparable from the website of the Mycobacteriaceae Phenome Atlas (MPA, https://www.biosino.org/mpa/). A topological data analysis of MPA revealed the co-evolution between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and virulence factors, and uncovered potential pathogenicity-associated phenotypes. Two hundred and sixty potential pathogen-enriched pathways were found by Fisher's exact test. The application of MPA may provide novel insights into the pathogenicity mechanism and antimicrobial targets of Mycobacteriaceae. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-023-00101-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Liu
- National Genomics Data Center & Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Hui Cen
- National Genomics Data Center & Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Zhile Wu
- National Genomics Data Center & Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Southgene Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Haokui Zhou
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Xilan Yang
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- National Genomics Data Center & Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024 China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- National Genomics Data Center & Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
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Barrio-Hernandez I, Yeo J, Jänes J, Mirdita M, Gilchrist CLM, Wein T, Varadi M, Velankar S, Beltrao P, Steinegger M. Clustering predicted structures at the scale of the known protein universe. Nature 2023; 622:637-645. [PMID: 37704730 PMCID: PMC10584675 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are key to all cellular processes and their structure is important in understanding their function and evolution. Sequence-based predictions of protein structures have increased in accuracy1, and over 214 million predicted structures are available in the AlphaFold database2. However, studying protein structures at this scale requires highly efficient methods. Here, we developed a structural-alignment-based clustering algorithm-Foldseek cluster-that can cluster hundreds of millions of structures. Using this method, we have clustered all of the structures in the AlphaFold database, identifying 2.30 million non-singleton structural clusters, of which 31% lack annotations representing probable previously undescribed structures. Clusters without annotation tend to have few representatives covering only 4% of all proteins in the AlphaFold database. Evolutionary analysis suggests that most clusters are ancient in origin but 4% seem to be species specific, representing lower-quality predictions or examples of de novo gene birth. We also show how structural comparisons can be used to predict domain families and their relationships, identifying examples of remote structural similarity. On the basis of these analyses, we identify several examples of human immune-related proteins with putative remote homology in prokaryotic species, illustrating the value of this resource for studying protein function and evolution across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inigo Barrio-Hernandez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jingi Yeo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jürgen Jänes
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milot Mirdita
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Tanita Wein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mihaly Varadi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sameer Velankar
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Steinegger
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Artificial Intelligence Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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35
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Neukirchen S, Pereira IAC, Sousa FL. Stepwise pathway for early evolutionary assembly of dissimilatory sulfite and sulfate reduction. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1680-1692. [PMID: 37468676 PMCID: PMC10504309 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbial dissimilatory sulfur metabolism utilizing dissimilatory sulfite reductases (Dsr) influenced the biochemical sulfur cycle during Earth's history and the Dsr pathway is thought to be an ancient metabolic process. Here we performed comparative genomics, phylogenetic, and synteny analyses of several Dsr proteins involved in or associated with the Dsr pathway across over 195,000 prokaryotic metagenomes. The results point to an archaeal origin of the minimal DsrABCMK(N) protein set, having as primordial function sulfite reduction. The acquisition of additional Dsr proteins (DsrJOPT) increased the Dsr pathway complexity. Archaeoglobus would originally possess the archaeal-type Dsr pathway and the archaeal DsrAB proteins were replaced with the bacterial reductive-type version, possibly at the same time as the acquisition of the QmoABC and DsrD proteins. Further inventions of two Qmo complex types, which are more spread than previously thought, allowed microorganisms to use sulfate as electron acceptor. The ability to use the Dsr pathway for sulfur oxidation evolved at least twice, with Chlorobi and Proteobacteria being extant descendants of these two independent adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinje Neukirchen
- Genome Evolution and Ecology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Inês A C Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Filipa L Sousa
- Genome Evolution and Ecology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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36
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Hackmann TJ, Zhang B. The phenotype and genotype of fermentative prokaryotes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8687. [PMID: 37756392 PMCID: PMC10530074 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation is a type of metabolism pervasive in oxygen-deprived environments. Despite its importance, we know little about the range and traits of organisms that carry out this metabolism. Our study addresses this gap with a comprehensive analysis of the phenotype and genotype of fermentative prokaryotes. We assembled a dataset with phenotypic records of 8350 organisms plus 4355 genomes and 13.6 million genes. Our analysis reveals fermentation is both widespread (in ~30% of prokaryotes) and complex (forming ~300 combinations of metabolites). Furthermore, it points to previously uncharacterized proteins involved in this metabolism. Previous studies suggest that metabolic pathways for fermentation are well understood, but metabolic models built in our study show gaps in our knowledge. This study demonstrates the complexity of fermentation while showing that there is still much to learn about this metabolism. All resources in our study can be explored by the scientific community with an online, interactive tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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37
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Zhong Z, Liu G, Tang Z, Xiang S, Yang L, Huang L, He Y, Fan T, Liu S, Zheng X, Zhang T, Qi Y, Huang J, Zhang Y. Efficient plant genome engineering using a probiotic sourced CRISPR-Cas9 system. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6102. [PMID: 37773156 PMCID: PMC10541446 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among CRISPR-Cas genome editing systems, Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), sourced from a human pathogen, is the most widely used. Here, through in silico data mining, we have established an efficient plant genome engineering system using CRISPR-Cas9 from probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. We have confirmed the predicted 5'-NGAAA-3' PAM via a bacterial PAM depletion assay and showcased its exceptional editing efficiency in rice, wheat, tomato, and Larix cells, surpassing LbCas12a, SpCas9-NG, and SpRY when targeting the identical sequences. In stable rice lines, LrCas9 facilitates multiplexed gene knockout through coding sequence editing and achieves gene knockdown via targeted promoter deletion, demonstrating high specificity. We have also developed LrCas9-derived cytosine and adenine base editors, expanding base editing capabilities. Finally, by harnessing LrCas9's A/T-rich PAM targeting preference, we have created efficient CRISPR interference and activation systems in plants. Together, our work establishes CRISPR-LrCas9 as an efficient and user-friendly genome engineering tool for diverse applications in crops and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Zhong
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanqing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, 225012, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 225012, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, 225012, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhongjie Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyue Xiang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sichuan, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao He
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Shishi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelian Zheng
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, 225012, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 225012, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, 225012, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Qi
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China.
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Beard S, Moya-Beltrán A, Silva-García D, Valenzuela C, Pérez-Acle T, Loyola A, Quatrini R. Pangenome-level analysis of nucleoid-associated proteins in the Acidithiobacillia class: insights into their functional roles in mobile genetic elements biology. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1271138. [PMID: 37817747 PMCID: PMC10561277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1271138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are relevant agents in bacterial adaptation and evolutionary diversification. Stable appropriation of these DNA elements depends on host factors, among which are the nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs). NAPs are highly abundant proteins that bind and bend DNA, altering its topology and folding, thus affecting all known cellular DNA processes from replication to expression. Even though NAP coding genes are found in most prokaryotic genomes, their functions in host chromosome biology and xenogeneic silencing are only known for a few NAP families. Less is known about the occurrence, abundance, and roles of MGE-encoded NAPs in foreign elements establishment and mobility. In this study, we used a combination of comparative genomics and phylogenetic strategies to gain insights into the diversity, distribution, and functional roles of NAPs within the class Acidithiobacillia with a special focus on their role in MGE biology. Acidithiobacillia class members are aerobic, chemolithoautotrophic, acidophilic sulfur-oxidizers, encompassing substantial genotypic diversity attributable to MGEs. Our search for NAP protein families (PFs) in more than 90 genomes of the different species that conform the class, revealed the presence of 1,197 proteins pertaining to 12 different NAP families, with differential occurrence and conservation across species. Pangenome-level analysis revealed 6 core NAP PFs that were highly conserved across the class, some of which also existed as variant forms of scattered occurrence, in addition to NAPs of taxa-restricted distribution. Core NAPs identified are reckoned as essential based on the conservation of genomic context and phylogenetic signals. In turn, various highly diversified NAPs pertaining to the flexible gene complement of the class, were found to be encoded in known plasmids or, larger integrated MGEs or, present in genomic loci associated with MGE-hallmark genes, pointing to their role in the stabilization/maintenance of these elements in strains and species with larger genomes. Both core and flexible NAPs identified proved valuable as markers, the former accurately recapitulating the phylogeny of the class, and the later, as seed in the bioinformatic identification of novel episomal and integrated mobile elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Beard
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Moya-Beltrán
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danitza Silva-García
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Valenzuela
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Pérez-Acle
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Loyola
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raquel Quatrini
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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Arikawa K, Hosokawa M. Uncultured prokaryotic genomes in the spotlight: An examination of publicly available data from metagenomics and single-cell genomics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4508-4518. [PMID: 37771751 PMCID: PMC10523443 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the ineffectiveness of traditional culture techniques for the vast majority of microbial species, culture-independent analyses utilizing next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics have become essential for gaining insight into microbial ecology and function. This mini-review focuses on two essential methods for obtaining genetic information from uncultured prokaryotes, metagenomics and single-cell genomics. We analyzed the registration status of uncultured prokaryotic genome data from major public databases and assessed the advantages and limitations of both the methods. Metagenomics generates a significant quantity of sequence data and multiple prokaryotic genomes using straightforward experimental procedures. However, in ecosystems with high microbial diversity, such as soil, most genes are presented as brief, disconnected contigs, and lack association of highly conserved genes and mobile genetic elements with individual species genomes. Although technically more challenging, single-cell genomics offers valuable insights into complex ecosystems by providing strain-resolved genomes, addressing issues in metagenomics. Recent technological advancements, such as long-read sequencing, machine learning algorithms, and in silico protein structure prediction, in combination with vast genomic data, have the potential to overcome the current technical challenges and facilitate a deeper understanding of uncultured microbial ecosystems and microbial dark matter genes and proteins. In light of this, it is imperative that continued innovation in both methods and technologies take place to create high-quality reference genome databases that will support future microbial research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Arikawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- bitBiome, Inc., 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Masahito Hosokawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- bitBiome, Inc., 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Baek K, Choi A. Macromonas nakdongensis sp. nov., Isolated from Freshwater and Characterization of Bacteriophage BK-30P-The First Phage That Infects Genus Macromonas. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2237. [PMID: 37764081 PMCID: PMC10535371 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a freshwater sample of Nakdong River in South Korea and designated as strain BK-30T. An analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain BK-30T revealed its closest phylogenetic neighbors were members of the genus Macromonas. Specifically, the strain formed a robust clade with Macromonas bipunctata DSM 12705T, sharing 98.4% similarity in their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The average nucleotide identity value between strain BK-30T and M. bipunctata DSM 12705T was 79.8%, and the genome-to-genome distance averaged 21.3%, indicating the representation of a novel genomic species. Strain BK-30T exhibited optimum growth at 30 °C and pH 7.0, in the absence of NaCl. The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone identified was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The principal fatty acids detected were C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c (49.6%), C16:0 (27.5%), and C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (9.2%). The DNA G+C content of the strain was determined to be 67.3 mol%. Based on these data, we propose a novel species within the genus Macromonas, named Macromonas nakdongensis sp. nov., to accommodate the bacterial isolate. Strain BK-30T is designated as the type strain (=KCTC 52161T = JCM 31376T = FBCC-B1). Additionally, we present the isolation and complete genome sequence of a lytic phage infecting strain BK-30T, named BK-30P. This bacteriophage is the first reported to infect Macromonas, leading us to propose the name "Macromonasphage".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwoon Baek
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, 137 Donam 2-gil, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyoung Choi
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, 137 Donam 2-gil, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
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Aldeguer-Riquelme B, Antón J, Santos F. Distribution, abundance, and ecogenomics of the Palauibacterales, a new cosmopolitan thiamine-producing order within the Gemmatimonadota phylum. mSystems 2023; 8:e0021523. [PMID: 37345931 PMCID: PMC10469786 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00215-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylum Gemmatimonadota comprises mainly uncultured microorganisms that inhabit different environments such as soils, freshwater lakes, marine sediments, sponges, or corals. Based on 16S rRNA gene studies, the group PAUC43f is one of the most frequently retrieved Gemmatimonadota in marine samples. However, its physiology and ecological roles are completely unknown since, to date, not a single PAUC43f isolate or metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) has been characterized. Here, we carried out a broad study of the distribution, abundance, ecotaxonomy, and metabolism of PAUC43f, for which we propose the name of Palauibacterales. This group was detected in 4,965 16S rRNA gene amplicon datasets, mainly from marine sediments, sponges, corals, soils, and lakes, reaching up to 34.3% relative abundance, which highlights its cosmopolitan character, mainly salt-related. The potential metabolic capabilities inferred from 52 Palauibacterales MAGs recovered from marine sediments, sponges, and saline soils suggested a facultative aerobic and chemoorganotrophic metabolism, although some members may also oxidize hydrogen. Some Palauibacterales species might also play an environmental role as N2O consumers as well as suppliers of serine and thiamine. When compared to the rest of the Gemmatimonadota phylum, the biosynthesis of thiamine was one of the key features of the Palauibacterales. Finally, we show that polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) are widely distributed within the Gemmatimonadota so that they are not restricted to Bacteroidetes, as previously thought. Our results expand the knowledge about this cryptic phylum and provide new insights into the ecological roles of the Gemmatimonadota in the environment. IMPORTANCE Despite advances in molecular and sequencing techniques, there is still a plethora of unknown microorganisms with a relevant ecological role. In the last years, the mostly uncultured Gemmatimonadota phylum is attracting scientific interest because of its widespread distribution and abundance, but very little is known about its ecological role in the marine ecosystem. Here we analyze the global distribution and potential metabolism of the marine Gemmatimonadota group PAUC43f, for which we propose the name of Palauibacterales order. This group presents a saline-related character and a chemoorganoheterotrophic and facultatively aerobic metabolism, although some species might oxidize H2. Given that Palauibacterales is potentially able to synthesize thiamine, whose auxotrophy is the second most common in the marine environment, we propose Palauibacterales as a key thiamine supplier to the marine communities. This finding suggests that Gemmatimonadota could have a more relevant role in the marine environment than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Aldeguer-Riquelme
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Josefa Antón
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Environmental Studies Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Zhang ZF, Liu LR, Pan YP, Pan J, Li M. Long-read assembled metagenomic approaches improve our understanding on metabolic potentials of microbial community in mangrove sediments. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:188. [PMID: 37612768 PMCID: PMC10464287 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mangrove wetlands are coastal ecosystems with important ecological features and provide habitats for diverse microorganisms with key roles in nutrient and biogeochemical cycling. However, the overall metabolic potentials and ecological roles of microbial community in mangrove sediment are remained unanswered. In current study, the microbial and metabolic profiles of prokaryotic and fungal communities in mangrove sediments were investigated using metagenomic analysis based on PacBio single-molecule real time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing techniques. RESULTS Comparing to Illumina short reads, the incorporation of PacBio long reads significantly contributed to more contiguous assemblies, yielded more than doubled high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and improved the novelty of the MAGs. Further metabolic reconstruction for recovered MAGs showed that prokaryotes potentially played an essential role in carbon cycling in mangrove sediment, displaying versatile metabolic potential for degrading organic carbons, fermentation, autotrophy, and carbon fixation. Mangrove fungi also functioned as a player in carbon cycling, potentially involved in the degradation of various carbohydrate and peptide substrates. Notably, a new candidate bacterial phylum named as Candidatus Cosmopoliota with a ubiquitous distribution is proposed. Genomic analysis revealed that this new phylum is capable of utilizing various types of organic substrates, anaerobic fermentation, and carbon fixation with the Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) pathway and the reverse tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle. CONCLUSIONS The study not only highlights the advantages of HiSeq-PacBio Hybrid assembly for a more complete profiling of environmental microbiomes but also expands our understanding of the microbial diversity and potential roles of distinct microbial groups in biogeochemical cycling in mangrove sediment. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Present Address: Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Li-Rui Liu
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue-Ping Pan
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meng Li
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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43
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Riley R, Bowers RM, Camargo AP, Campbell A, Egan R, Eloe-Fadrosh EA, Foster B, Hofmeyr S, Huntemann M, Kellom M, Kimbrel JA, Oliker L, Yelick K, Pett-Ridge J, Salamov A, Varghese NJ, Clum A. Terabase-Scale Coassembly of a Tropical Soil Microbiome. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0020023. [PMID: 37310219 PMCID: PMC10434106 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00200-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Petabases of environmental metagenomic data are publicly available, presenting an opportunity to characterize complex environments and discover novel lineages of life. Metagenome coassembly, in which many metagenomic samples from an environment are simultaneously analyzed to infer the underlying genomes' sequences, is an essential tool for achieving this goal. We applied MetaHipMer2, a distributed metagenome assembler that runs on supercomputing clusters, to coassemble 3.4 terabases (Tbp) of metagenome data from a tropical soil in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), Puerto Rico. The resulting coassembly yielded 39 high-quality (>90% complete, <5% contaminated, with predicted 23S, 16S, and 5S rRNA genes and ≥18 tRNAs) metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including two from the candidate phylum Eremiobacterota. Another 268 medium-quality (≥50% complete, <10% contaminated) MAGs were extracted, including the candidate phyla Dependentiae, Dormibacterota, and Methylomirabilota. In total, 307 medium- or higher-quality MAGs were assigned to 23 phyla, compared to 294 MAGs assigned to nine phyla in the same samples individually assembled. The low-quality (<50% complete, <10% contaminated) MAGs from the coassembly revealed a 49% complete rare biosphere microbe from the candidate phylum FCPU426 among other low-abundance microbes, an 81% complete fungal genome from the phylum Ascomycota, and 30 partial eukaryotic MAGs with ≥10% completeness, possibly representing protist lineages. A total of 22,254 viruses, many of them low abundance, were identified. Estimation of metagenome coverage and diversity indicates that we may have characterized ≥87.5% of the sequence diversity in this humid tropical soil and indicates the value of future terabase-scale sequencing and coassembly of complex environments. IMPORTANCE Petabases of reads are being produced by environmental metagenome sequencing. An essential step in analyzing these data is metagenome assembly, the computational reconstruction of genome sequences from microbial communities. "Coassembly" of metagenomic sequence data, in which multiple samples are assembled together, enables more complete detection of microbial genomes in an environment than "multiassembly," in which samples are assembled individually. To demonstrate the potential for coassembling terabases of metagenome data to drive biological discovery, we applied MetaHipMer2, a distributed metagenome assembler that runs on supercomputing clusters, to coassemble 3.4 Tbp of reads from a humid tropical soil environment. The resulting coassembly, its functional annotation, and analysis are presented here. The coassembly yielded more, and phylogenetically more diverse, microbial, eukaryotic, and viral genomes than the multiassembly of the same data. Our resource may facilitate the discovery of novel microbial biology in tropical soils and demonstrates the value of terabase-scale metagenome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Riley
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California, USA
| | - Robert M. Bowers
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California, USA
| | - Antonio Pedro Camargo
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California, USA
| | - Ashley Campbell
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Rob Egan
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California, USA
| | | | - Brian Foster
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California, USA
| | - Steven Hofmeyr
- Applied Math and Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marcel Huntemann
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California, USA
| | - Matthew Kellom
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Kimbrel
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Leonid Oliker
- Applied Math and Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Katherine Yelick
- Applied Math and Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
- Life & Environmental Sciences Department, University of California Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | - Asaf Salamov
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California, USA
| | - Neha J. Varghese
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California, USA
| | - Alicia Clum
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California, USA
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44
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Arnold ND, Garbe D, Brück TB. Isolation, biochemical characterization, and genome sequencing of two high-quality genomes of a novel chitinolytic Jeongeupia species. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1372. [PMID: 37642486 PMCID: PMC10404844 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide worldwide as part of arthropods' exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. Low concentrations in soils and sediments indicate rapid decomposition through chitinolytic organisms in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The enacting enzymes, so-called chitinases, and their products, chitooligosaccharides, exhibit promising characteristics with applications ranging from crop protection to cosmetics, medical, textile, and wastewater industries. Exploring novel chitinolytic organisms is crucial to expand the enzymatical toolkit for biotechnological chitin utilization and to deepen our understanding of diverse catalytic mechanisms. In this study, we present two long-read sequencing-based genomes of highly similar Jeongeupia species, which have been screened, isolated, and biochemically characterized from chitin-amended soil samples. Through metabolic characterization, whole-genome alignments, and phylogenetic analysis, we could demonstrate how the investigated strains differ from the taxonomically closest strain Jeongeupia naejangsanensis BIO-TAS4-2T (DSM 24253). In silico analysis and sequence alignment revealed a multitude of highly conserved chitinolytic enzymes in the investigated Jeongeupia genomes. Based on these results, we suggest that the two strains represent a novel species within the genus of Jeongeupia, which may be useful for environmentally friendly N-acetylglucosamine production from crustacean shell or fungal biomass waste or as a crop protection agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael D. Arnold
- Department of ChemistryWerner‐Siemens Chair for Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Department of ChemistryWerner‐Siemens Chair for Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Thomas B. Brück
- Department of ChemistryWerner‐Siemens Chair for Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of MunichGarchingGermany
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45
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Feng T, Pucker B, Kuang T, Song B, Yang Y, Lin N, Zhang H, Moore MJ, Brockington SF, Wang Q, Deng T, Wang H, Sun H. The genome of the glasshouse plant noble rhubarb (Rheum nobile) provides a window into alpine adaptation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:706. [PMID: 37429977 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glasshouse plants are species that trap warmth via specialized morphology and physiology, mimicking a human glasshouse. In the Himalayan alpine region, the highly specialized glasshouse morphology has independently evolved in distinct lineages to adapt to intensive UV radiation and low temperature. Here we demonstrate that the glasshouse structure - specialized cauline leaves - is highly effective in absorbing UV light but transmitting visible and infrared light, creating an optimal microclimate for the development of reproductive organs. We reveal that this glasshouse syndrome has evolved at least three times independently in the rhubarb genus Rheum. We report the genome sequence of the flagship glasshouse plant Rheum nobile and identify key genetic network modules in association with the morphological transition to specialized glasshouse leaves, including active secondary cell wall biogenesis, upregulated cuticular cutin biosynthesis, and suppression of photosynthesis and terpenoid biosynthesis. The distinct cell wall organization and cuticle development might be important for the specialized optical property of glasshouse leaves. We also find that the expansion of LTRs has likely played an important role in noble rhubarb adaptation to high elevation environments. Our study will enable additional comparative analyses to identify the genetic basis underlying the convergent occurrence of glasshouse syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Boas Pucker
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
- CeBiTec & Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology & BRICS, TU Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tianhui Kuang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Bo Song
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Nan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Huajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, 44074, USA
| | - Samuel F Brockington
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Tao Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
| | - Hengchang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Hang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
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46
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Thieringer PH, Boyd ES, Templeton AS, Spear JR. Metapangenomic investigation provides insight into niche differentiation of methanogenic populations from the subsurface serpentinizing environment, Samail Ophiolite, Oman. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1205558. [PMID: 37465028 PMCID: PMC10350532 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1205558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Serpentinization reactions produce highly reduced waters that have hyperalkaline pH and that can have high concentrations of H2 and CH4. Putatively autotrophic methanogenic archaea have been identified in the subsurface waters of the Samail Ophiolite, Sultanate of Oman, though the strategies to overcome hyperalkaline pH and dissolved inorganic carbon limitation remain to be fully understood. Here, we recovered metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) and applied a metapangenomic approach to three different Methanobacterium populations to assess habitat-specific functional gene distribution. A Type I population was identified in the fluids with neutral pH, while a Type II and "Mixed" population were identified in the most hyperalkaline fluids (pH 11.63). The core genome of all Methanobacterium populations highlighted potential DNA scavenging techniques to overcome phosphate or nitrogen limitation induced by environmental conditions. With particular emphasis on the Mixed and Type II population found in the most hyperalkaline fluids, the accessory genomes unique to each population reflected adaptation mechanisms suggesting lifestyles that minimize niche overlap. In addition to previously reported metabolic capability to utilize formate as an electron donor and generate intracellular CO2, the Type II population possessed genes relevant to defense against antimicrobials and assimilating potential osmoprotectants to provide cellular stability. The accessory genome of the Mixed population was enriched in genes for multiple glycosyltransferases suggesting reduced energetic costs by adhering to mineral surfaces or to other microorganisms, and fostering a non-motile lifestyle. These results highlight the niche differentiation of distinct Methanobacterium populations to circumvent the challenges of serpentinization impacted fluids through coexistence strategies, supporting our ability to understand controls on methanogenic lifestyles and adaptations within the serpentinizing subsurface fluids of the Samail Ophiolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H. Thieringer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Eric S. Boyd
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Alexis S. Templeton
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - John R. Spear
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
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47
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Na SI, Bailey MJ, Chalita M, Cho JH, Chun J. UACG: Up-to-Date Archaeal Core Genes and Software for Phylogenomic Tree Reconstruction. J Microbiol 2023; 61:683-692. [PMID: 37566173 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In the post-genomic era, phylogenomics is a powerful and routinely-used tool to discover evolutionary relationships between microorganisms. Inferring phylogenomic trees by concatenating core gene sequences into a supermatrix is the standard method. The previously released up-to-date bacterial core gene (UBCG) tool provides a pipeline to infer phylogenomic trees using single-copy core genes for the Bacteria domain. In this study, we established up-to-date archaeal core gene (UACG), comprising 128 genes suitable for inferring archaeal phylogenomic trees. To test the gene set, we selected the Haloarcula genus and scrutinized its phylogeny. The phylogeny inferred using the UACG tool was consistent with the orthoANIu dendrogram, whereas the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny showed high intragenomic heterogeneity resulting in phylogenetic discrepancies. The software tool using the UACG set is available at https://www.ezbiocloud.net/tools/uacg .
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-In Na
- CJ Bioscience, Seoul, 04527, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jongsik Chun
- CJ Bioscience, Seoul, 04527, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Blin K, Shaw S, Augustijn HE, Reitz ZL, Biermann F, Alanjary M, Fetter A, Terlouw BR, Metcalf WW, Helfrich EJN, van Wezel GP, Medema MH, Weber T. antiSMASH 7.0: new and improved predictions for detection, regulation, chemical structures and visualisation. Nucleic Acids Res 2023:7151336. [PMID: 37140036 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 365.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms produce small bioactive compounds as part of their secondary or specialised metabolism. Often, such metabolites have antimicrobial, anticancer, antifungal, antiviral or other bio-activities and thus play an important role for applications in medicine and agriculture. In the past decade, genome mining has become a widely-used method to explore, access, and analyse the available biodiversity of these compounds. Since 2011, the 'antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell-antiSMASH' (https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/) has supported researchers in their microbial genome mining tasks, both as a free to use web server and as a standalone tool under an OSI-approved open source licence. It is currently the most widely used tool for detecting and characterising biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in archaea, bacteria, and fungi. Here, we present the updated version 7 of antiSMASH. antiSMASH 7 increases the number of supported cluster types from 71 to 81, as well as containing improvements in the areas of chemical structure prediction, enzymatic assembly-line visualisation and gene cluster regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Blin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs.Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simon Shaw
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs.Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hannah E Augustijn
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zachary L Reitz
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Friederike Biermann
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular Bio Science, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics. Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mohammad Alanjary
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Artem Fetter
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Barbara R Terlouw
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - William W Metcalf
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Eric J N Helfrich
- Institute of Molecular Bio Science, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics. Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gilles P van Wezel
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix H Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tilmann Weber
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs.Lyngby, Denmark
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49
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Nguyen VH, Wemheuer B, Song W, Bennett H, Webster N, Thomas T. Identification, classification, and functional characterization of novel sponge-associated acidimicrobiial species. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126426. [PMID: 37141831 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sponges are known to harbour an exceptional diversity of uncultured microorganisms, including members of the phylum Actinobacteriota. While members of the actinobacteriotal class Actinomycetia have been studied intensively due to their potential for secondary metabolite production, the sister class of Acidimicrobiia is often more abundant in sponges. However, the taxonomy, functions, and ecological roles of sponge-associated Acidimicrobiia are largely unknown. Here, we reconstructed and characterized 22 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Acidimicrobiia from three sponge species. These MAGs represented six novel species, belonging to five genera, four families, and two orders, which are all uncharacterized (except the order Acidimicrobiales) and for which we propose nomenclature. These six uncultured species have either only been found in sponges and/or corals and have varying degrees of specificity to their host species. Functional gene profiling indicated that these six species shared a similar potential to non-symbiotic Acidimicrobiia with respect to amino acid biosynthesis and utilization of sulfur compounds. However, sponge-associated Acidimicrobiia differed from their non-symbiotic counterparts by relying predominantly on organic rather than inorganic sources of energy, and their predicted capacity to synthesise bioactive compounds or their precursors implicated in host defence. Additionally, the species possess the genetic capacity to degrade aromatic compounds that are frequently found in sponges. The novel Acidimicrobiia may also potentially mediate host development by modulating Hedgehog signalling and by the production of serotonin, which can affect host body contractions and digestion. These results highlight unique genomic and metabolic features of six new acidimicrobiial species that potentially support a sponge-associated lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hung Nguyen
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Weizhi Song
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly Bennett
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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50
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Nguyen VH, Wemheuer B, Song W, Bennett H, Palladino G, Burgsdorf I, Sizikov S, Steindler L, Webster NS, Thomas T. Functional characterization and taxonomic classification of novel gammaproteobacterial diversity in sponges. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126401. [PMID: 36774720 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sponges harbour exceptionally diverse microbial communities, whose members are largely uncultured. The class Gammaproteobacteria often dominates the microbial communities of various sponge species, but most of its diversity remains functional and taxonomically uncharacterised. Here we reconstructed and characterised 32 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) derived from three sponge species. These MAGs represent ten novel species and belong to seven orders, of which one is new. We propose nomenclature for all these taxa. These new species comprise sponge-specific bacteria with varying levels of host specificity. Functional gene profiling highlights significant differences in metabolic capabilities across the ten species, though each also often exhibited a large degree of metabolic diversity involving various nitrogen- and sulfur-based compounds. The genomic features of the ten species suggest they have evolved to form symbiotic interaction with their hosts or are well-adapted to survive within the sponge environment. These Gammaproteobacteria are proposed to scavenge substrates from the host environment, including metabolites or cellular components of the sponge. Their diverse metabolic capabilities may allow for efficient cycling of organic matter in the sponge environment, potentially to the benefit of the host and other symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hung Nguyen
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Weizhi Song
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly Bennett
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Giorgia Palladino
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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