1
|
Frobel J, Hänsel-Hertsch R. The age-related decline of helicase function-how G-quadruplex structures promote genome instability. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38803008 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The intricate mechanisms underlying transcription-dependent genome instability involve G-quadruplexes (G4) and R-loops. This perspective elucidates the potential link between these structures and genome instability in aging. The co-occurrence of G4 DNA and RNA-DNA hybrid structures (G-loop) underscores a complex interplay in genome regulation and instability. Here, we hypothesize that the age-related decline of sirtuin function leads to an increase in acetylated helicases that bind to G4 DNA and RNA-DNA hybrid structures, but are less efficient in resolving them. We propose that acetylated, less active, helicases induce persistent G-loop structures, promoting transcription-dependent genome instability in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Frobel
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Hänsel-Hertsch
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Germany
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fukute J, Maki K, Adachi T. The nucleolar shell provides anchoring sites for DNA untwisting. Commun Biol 2024; 7:83. [PMID: 38263258 PMCID: PMC10805735 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA underwinding (untwisting) is a crucial step in transcriptional activation. DNA underwinding occurs between the site where torque is generated by RNA polymerase (RNAP) and the site where the axial rotation of DNA is constrained. However, what constrains DNA axial rotation in the nucleus is yet unknown. Here, we show that the anchorage to the nuclear protein condensates constrains DNA axial rotation for DNA underwinding in the nucleolus. In situ super-resolution imaging of underwound DNA reveal that underwound DNA accumulates in the nucleolus, a nuclear condensate with a core-shell structure. Specifically, underwound DNA is distributed in the nucleolar core owing to RNA polymerase I (RNAPI) activities. Furthermore, underwound DNA in the core decreases when nucleolar shell components are prevented from binding to their recognition structure, G-quadruplex (G4). Taken together, these results suggest that the nucleolar shell provides anchoring sites that constrain DNA axial rotation for RNAPI-driven DNA underwinding in the core. Our findings will contribute to understanding how nuclear protein condensates make up constraints for the site-specific regulation of DNA underwinding and transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Fukute
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Maki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Medicine and Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Taiji Adachi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smirnov E, Molínová P, Chmúrčiaková N, Vacík T, Cmarko D. Non-canonical DNA structures in the human ribosomal DNA. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:499-515. [PMID: 37750997 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-canonical structures (NCS) refer to the various forms of DNA that differ from the B-conformation described by Watson and Crick. It has been found that these structures are usual components of the genome, actively participating in its essential functions. The present review is focused on the nine kinds of NCS appearing or likely to appear in human ribosomal DNA (rDNA): supercoiling structures, R-loops, G-quadruplexes, i-motifs, DNA triplexes, cruciform structures, DNA bubbles, and A and Z DNA conformations. We discuss the conditions of their generation, including their sequence specificity, distribution within the locus, dynamics, and beneficial and detrimental role in the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Smirnov
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Molínová
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Chmúrčiaková
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vacík
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Cmarko
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guzman BB, Son A, Litberg TJ, Huang Z, Dominguez D, Horowitz S. Emerging roles for G-quadruplexes in proteostasis. FEBS J 2023; 290:4614-4625. [PMID: 36017725 PMCID: PMC10071977 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
How nucleic acids interact with proteins, and how they affect protein folding, aggregation, and misfolding is a still-evolving area of research. Considerable effort is now focusing on a particular structure of RNA and DNA, G-quadruplexes, and their role in protein homeostasis and disease. In this state-of-the-art review, we track recent reports on how G-quadruplexes influence protein aggregation, proteolysis, phase separation, and protein misfolding diseases, and pose currently unanswered questions in the advance of this scientific field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan B Guzman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ahyun Son
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Theodore J Litberg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Zijue Huang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Daniel Dominguez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott Horowitz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma T, Kundu N, Kaur S, Shankaraswamy J, Saxena S. Why to target G-quadruplexes using peptides: Next-generation G4-interacting ligands. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3491. [PMID: 37009771 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Guanine-rich oligonucleotides existing in both DNA and RNA are able to fold into four-stranded DNA secondary structures via Hoogsteen type hydrogen-bonding, where four guanines self-assemble into a square planar arrangement, which, when stacked upon each other, results in the formation of higher-order structures called G-quadruplexes. Their distribution is not random; they are more frequently present at telomeres, proto-oncogenic promoters, introns, 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions, stem cell markers, ribosome binding sites and so forth and are associated with various biological functions, all of which play a pivotal role in various incurable diseases like cancer and cellular ageing. Several studies have suggested that G-quadruplexes could not regulate biological processes by themselves; instead, various proteins take part in this regulation and can be important therapeutic targets. There are certain limitations in using whole G4-protein for therapeutics purpose because of its high manufacturing cost, laborious structure prediction, dynamic nature, unavailability for oral administration due to its degradation in the gut and inefficient penetration to reach the target site because of the large size. Hence, biologically active peptides can be the potential candidates for therapeutic intervention instead of the whole G4-protein complex. In this review, we aimed to clarify the biological roles of G4s, how we can identify them throughout the genome via bioinformatics, the proteins interacting with G4s and how G4-interacting peptide molecules may be the potential next-generation ligands for targeting the G4 motifs located in biologically important regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taniya Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Nikita Kundu
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Sarvpreet Kaur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Jadala Shankaraswamy
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Mojerla, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Budwel, Telangana, India
| | - Sarika Saxena
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pavlova I, Iudin M, Surdina A, Severov V, Varizhuk A. G-Quadruplexes in Nuclear Biomolecular Condensates. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051076. [PMID: 37239436 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) have long been implicated in the regulation of chromatin packaging and gene expression. These processes require or are accelerated by the separation of related proteins into liquid condensates on DNA/RNA matrices. While cytoplasmic G4s are acknowledged scaffolds of potentially pathogenic condensates, the possible contribution of G4s to phase transitions in the nucleus has only recently come to light. In this review, we summarize the growing evidence for the G4-dependent assembly of biomolecular condensates at telomeres and transcription initiation sites, as well as nucleoli, speckles, and paraspeckles. The limitations of the underlying assays and the remaining open questions are outlined. We also discuss the molecular basis for the apparent permissive role of G4s in the in vitro condensate assembly based on the interactome data. To highlight the prospects and risks of G4-targeting therapies with respect to the phase transitions, we also touch upon the reported effects of G4-stabilizing small molecules on nuclear biomolecular condensates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Pavlova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Mikhail Iudin
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Surdina
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vjacheslav Severov
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Varizhuk
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
NPM 1 Mutations in AML-The Landscape in 2023. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041177. [PMID: 36831522 PMCID: PMC9954410 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents 80% of acute leukemia in adults and is characterized by clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells secondary to genomic mutations, rendering a selective growth advantage to the mutant clones. NPM1mut is found in around 30% of AML and clinically presents with leukocytosis, high blast percentage and extramedullary involvement. Considered as a "gate-keeper" mutation, NPM1mut appears to be a "first hit" in the process of leukemogenesis and development of overt leukemia. Commonly associated with other mutations (e.g., FLT 3, DNMT3A, TET2, SF3B1), NPM1 mutation in AML has an important role in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and post-treatment monitoring. Several novel therapies targeting NPM1 are being developed in various clinical phases with demonstration of efficacy. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiology of the NPM1 gene mutation in AML, clinical implications and the novel targeted therapies to date.
Collapse
|
8
|
Webster SF, Ghalei H. Maturation of small nucleolar RNAs: from production to function. RNA Biol 2023; 20:715-736. [PMID: 37796118 PMCID: PMC10557570 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2254540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small Nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are an abundant group of non-coding RNAs with well-defined roles in ribosomal RNA processing, folding and chemical modification. Besides their classic roles in ribosome biogenesis, snoRNAs are also implicated in several other cellular activities including regulation of splicing, transcription, RNA editing, cellular trafficking, and miRNA-like functions. Mature snoRNAs must undergo a series of processing steps tightly regulated by transiently associating factors and coordinated with other cellular processes including transcription and splicing. In addition to their mature forms, snoRNAs can contribute to gene expression regulation through their derivatives and degradation products. Here, we review the current knowledge on mechanisms of snoRNA maturation, including the different pathways of processing, and the regulatory mechanisms that control snoRNA levels and complex assembly. We also discuss the significance of studying snoRNA maturation, highlight the gaps in the current knowledge and suggest directions for future research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F. Webster
- Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Homa Ghalei
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chromatin localization of nucleophosmin organizes ribosome biogenesis. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4443-4457.e9. [PMID: 36423630 PMCID: PMC9949351 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis takes place in the nucleolus, a nuclear membrane-less organelle. Although well studied, it remains unknown how nascent ribosomal subunits separate from the central chromatin compartment and move to the outer granular component, where maturation occurs. We find that the Schizosaccharomyces pombe nucleophosmin-like protein Fkbp39 localizes to rDNA sites encoding the 60S subunit rRNA, and this localization contributes to its specific association with nascent 60S subunits. Fkbp39 dissociates from chromatin to bind nascent 60S subunits, causing the latter to partition away from chromatin and from nascent 40S subunits through liquid-liquid phase separation. In vivo, Fkbp39 binding directs the translocation of nascent 60S subunits toward the nucleophosmin-rich granular component. This process increases the efficiency of 60S subunit assembly, facilitating the incorporation of 60S RNA domain III. Thus, chromatin localization determines the specificity of nucleophosmin in sorting nascent ribosomal subunits and coordinates their movement into specialized assembly compartments within the nucleolus.
Collapse
|
10
|
Feng Y, Luo Z, Huang R, Yang X, Cheng X, Zhang W. Epigenomic Features and Potential Functions of K+ and Na+ Favorable DNA G-Quadruplexes in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158404. [PMID: 35955535 PMCID: PMC9368837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical four-stranded DNA structures involved in various biological processes in eukaryotes. Molecularly crowded solutions and monovalent cations have been reported to stabilize in vitro and in vivo G4 formation. However, how K+ and Na+ affect G4 formation genome-wide is still unclear in plants. Here, we conducted BG4-DNA-IP-seq, DNA immunoprecipitation with anti-BG4 antibody coupled with sequencing, under K+ and Na+ + PEG conditions in vitro. We found that K+-specific IP-G4s had a longer peak size, more GC and PQS content, and distinct AT and GC skews compared to Na+-specific IP-G4s. Moreover, K+- and Na+-specific IP-G4s exhibited differential subgenomic enrichment and distinct putative functional motifs for the binding of certain trans-factors. More importantly, we found that K+-specific IP-G4s were more associated with active marks, such as active histone marks, and low DNA methylation levels, as compared to Na+-specific IP-G4s; thus, K+-specific IP-G4s in combination with active chromatin features facilitate the expression of overlapping genes. In addition, K+- and Na+-specific IP-G4 overlapping genes exhibited differential GO (gene ontology) terms, suggesting they may have distinct biological relevance in rice. Thus, our study, for the first time, explores the effects of K+ and Na+ on global G4 formation in vitro, thereby providing valuable resources for functional G4 studies in rice. It will provide certain G4 loci for the biotechnological engineering of rice in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (R.H.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (R.H.); (X.C.)
| | - Ranran Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (R.H.); (X.C.)
| | - Xueming Yang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Xuejiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (R.H.); (X.C.)
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (R.H.); (X.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-84396610; Fax: +86-25-84396302
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chousakos E, Katsoulas N, Kavantzas N, Stratigos A, Lazaris AC. The role of dual-specificity phosphatase 3 in melanocytic oncogenesis. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1466-1476. [PMID: 35899430 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3), also known as Vaccinia H1-related phosphatase, is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that typically performs its major role in the regulation of multiple cellular functions through the dephosphorylation of its diverse and constantly expanding range of substrates. Many of the substrates described so far as well as alterations in the expression or the activity of DUSP3 itself are associated with the development and progression of various types of neoplasms, indicating that DUSP3 may be an important player in oncogenesis and a promising therapeutic target. This review focuses exclusively on DUSP3's contribution to either benign or malignant melanocytic oncogenesis, as many of the established culprit pathways and mechanisms constitute DUSP3's regulatory targets, attempting to synthesize the current knowledge on the matter. The spectrum of the DUSP3 interactions analyzed in this review covers substrates implicated in cellular growth, cell cycle, proliferation, survival, apoptosis, genomic stability/repair, adhesion and migration of tumor melanocytes. Furthermore, the speculations raised, based on the evidence to date, may be considered a fundament for potential research regarding the oncogenesis, evolution, management and therapeutics of melanocytic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Chousakos
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Nikolaos Katsoulas
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Nikolaos Kavantzas
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Alexandros Stratigos
- 1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, "Andreas Syggros" Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cela I, Cufaro MC, Fucito M, Pieragostino D, Lanuti P, Sallese M, Del Boccio P, Di Matteo A, Allocati N, De Laurenzi V, Federici L. Proteomic Investigation of the Role of Nucleostemin in Nucleophosmin-Mutated OCI-AML 3 Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147655. [PMID: 35886999 PMCID: PMC9317519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleostemin (NS; a product of the GNL3 gene) is a nucleolar–nucleoplasm shuttling GTPase whose levels are high in stem cells and rapidly decrease upon differentiation. NS levels are also high in several solid and hematological neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). While a role in telomere maintenance, response to stress stimuli and favoring DNA repair has been proposed in solid cancers, little or no information is available as to the role of nucleostemin in AML. Here, we investigate this issue via a proteomics approach. We use as a model system the OCI-AML 3 cell line harboring a heterozygous mutation at the NPM1 gene, which is the most frequent driver mutation in AML (approximately 30% of total AML cases). We show that NS is highly expressed in this cell line, and, contrary to what has previously been shown in other cancers, that its presence is dispensable for cell growth and viability. However, proteomics analysis of the OCI-AML 3 cell line before and after nucleostemin (NS) silencing showed several effects on different biological functions, as highlighted by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). In particular, we report an effect of down-regulating DNA repair through homologous recombination, and we confirmed a higher DNA damage rate in OCI-AML 3 cells when NS is depleted, which considerably increases upon stress induced by the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide. The data used are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD034012.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cela
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (M.F.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (N.A.); (V.D.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.L.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Maria Concetta Cufaro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.L.); (P.D.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurine Fucito
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (M.F.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (N.A.); (V.D.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.L.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (M.F.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (N.A.); (V.D.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.L.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.L.); (P.D.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (M.F.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (N.A.); (V.D.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.L.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.L.); (P.D.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adele Di Matteo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nerino Allocati
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (M.F.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (N.A.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (M.F.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (N.A.); (V.D.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.L.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Luca Federici
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (M.F.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (N.A.); (V.D.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (P.L.); (P.D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shi Y, Xue Y, Wang C, Yu L. Nucleophosmin 1: from its pathogenic role to a tantalizing therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. Hematology 2022; 27:609-619. [PMID: 35621728 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2067939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1, also known as B23) is a multifunctional protein involved in a variety of cellular processes, including ribosomal maturation, centrosome replication, maintenance of genomic stability, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. NPM1 is the most commonly mutated gene in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is present in approximately 40% of all AML cases. The underlying mechanisms of mutant NPM1 (NPM1mut) in leukemogenesis remain unclear. This review summarizes the structure and physiological function of NPM1, mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NPM1-mutated AML, and the potential role of NPM1 as a therapeutic target. It is reported that dysfunctional NPM1 might cause AML pathogenesis via its role as a protein chaperone, inhibiting differentiation of leukemia stem cells and regulation of non-coding RNAs. Besides conventional chemotherapies, NPM1 is a promising therapeutic target against AML that warrants further investigation. NPM1-based therapeutic strategies include inducing nucleolar relocalisation of NPM1 mutants, interfering with NPM1 oligomerization, and NPM1 as an immune response target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Shi
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Huaian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Xue
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Huaian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Huaian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
La Manna S, Florio D, Di Natale C, Lagreca E, Sibillano T, Giannini C, Marasco D. Type C mutation of nucleophosmin 1 acute myeloid leukemia: Consequences of intrinsic disorder. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130173. [PMID: 35597503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) protein is a multifunctional nucleolar chaperone and its gene is the most frequently mutated in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). AML mutations cause the unfolding of the C-terminal domain (CTD) and the protein delocalizing in the cytosol (NPM1c+). Marked aggregation endowed with an amyloid character was assessed as consequences of mutations. SCOPE Herein we analyzed the effects of type C mutation on two protein regions: i) a N-terminal extended version of the CTD, named Cterm_mutC and ii) a shorter polypeptide including the sequences of the second and third helices of the CTD, named H2_mutC. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Both demonstrated able to self-assembly with different kinetics and conformational intermediates and to provide fibers presenting large flexible regions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study adds a new piece of knowledge to the effects of AML-mutations on structural biology of Nucleophosmin 1, that could be exploited in therapeutic interventions targeting selectively NPMc+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara La Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Natale
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Department of Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Italy; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, University of Naples "Federico II", Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Elena Lagreca
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Department of Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Italy; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, University of Naples "Federico II", Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Teresa Sibillano
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liano D, Monti L, Chowdhury S, Raguseo F, Di Antonio M. Long-range DNA interactions: inter-molecular G-quadruplexes and their potential biological relevance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12753-12762. [PMID: 36281554 PMCID: PMC9671097 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04872h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Guanine-rich DNA sequences are known to fold into secondary structures called G-quadruplexes (G4s), which can form from either individual DNA strands (intra-molecular) or multiple DNA strands (inter-molecular, iG4s). Intra-molecular G4s have been the object of extensive biological investigation due to their enrichment in gene-promoters and telomers. On the other hand, iG4s have never been considered in biological contexts, as the interaction between distal sequences of DNA to form an iG4 in cells was always deemed as highly unlikely. In this feature article, we challenge this dogma by presenting our recent discovery of the first human protein (CSB) displaying astonishing picomolar affinity and binding selectivity for iG4s. These findings suggest potential for iG4 structures to form in cells and highlight the need of further studies to unravel the fundamental biological roles of these inter-molecular DNA structures. Furthermore, we discuss how the potential for formation of iG4s in neuronal cells, triggered by repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene, can lead to the formation of nucleic-acids based pathological aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases like ALS and FTD. Finally, based on our recent work on short LNA-modified probes, we provide a prespective on how the rational design of G4-selective chemical tools can be leveraged to further elucidate the biological relevance of iG4 structures in the context of ageing-related diseases. Intermolecular G-quadruplex structures can form within distal region of genomic DNA, contributing to chromatin looping. Herein, we discuss recent evidence supporting formation of iG4s in living cells and their potential biological function.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Liano
- Imperial College London, Chemistry Department, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Ludovica Monti
- Imperial College London, Chemistry Department, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Souroprobho Chowdhury
- Imperial College London, Chemistry Department, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
- The Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Federica Raguseo
- Imperial College London, Chemistry Department, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
- The Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Marco Di Antonio
- Imperial College London, Chemistry Department, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
- The Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liano D, Chowdhury S, Di Antonio M. Cockayne Syndrome B Protein Selectively Resolves and Interact with Intermolecular DNA G-Quadruplex Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20988-21002. [PMID: 34855372 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Guanine-rich DNA can fold into secondary structures known as G-quadruplexes (G4s). G4s can form from a single DNA strand (intramolecular) or from multiple DNA strands (intermolecular), but studies on their biological functions have been often limited to intramolecular G4s, owing to the low probability of intermolecular G4s to form within genomic DNA. Herein, we report the first example of an endogenous protein, Cockayne Syndrome B (CSB), that can bind selectively with picomolar affinity toward intermolecular G4s formed within rDNA while displaying negligible binding toward intramolecular structures. We observed that CSB can selectively resolve intermolecular over intramolecular G4s, demonstrating that its selectivity toward intermolecular structures is also reflected at the resolvase level. Immunostaining of G4s with the antibody BG4 in CSB-impaired cells (CS1AN) revealed that G4-staining in the nucleolus of these cells can be abrogated by transfection of viable CSB, suggesting that intermolecular G4s can be formed within rDNA and act as binding substrate for CSB. Given that loss of function of CSB elicits premature aging phenotypes, our findings indicate that the interaction between CSB and intermolecular G4s in rDNA could be of relevance to maintain cellular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Liano
- Chemistry Department, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Souroprobho Chowdhury
- Chemistry Department, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Di Antonio
- Chemistry Department, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Datta A, Pollock KJ, Kormuth KA, Brosh RM. G-Quadruplex Assembly by Ribosomal DNA: Emerging Roles in Disease Pathogenesis and Cancer Biology. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:285-296. [PMID: 34469893 DOI: 10.1159/000516394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique repetitive elements of the eukaryotic genome can be problematic for cellular DNA replication and transcription and pose a source of genomic instability. Human ribosomal DNA (rDNA) exists as repeating units clustered together on several chromosomes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms whereby rDNA interferes with normal genome homeostasis is the subject of this review. We discuss the instability of rDNA as a driver of senescence and the important roles of helicases to suppress its deleterious effects. The propensity of rDNA that is rich in guanine bases to form G-quadruplexes (G4) is discussed and evaluated in disease pathogenesis. Targeting G4 in the ribosomes and other chromosomal loci may represent a useful synthetic lethal approach to combating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Datta
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin J Pollock
- Department of Biology, Bethany College, Bethany, West Virginia, USA
| | - Karen A Kormuth
- Department of Biology, Bethany College, Bethany, West Virginia, USA
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
La Manna S, Florio D, Di Natale C, Scognamiglio PL, Sibillano T, Netti PA, Giannini C, Marasco D. Type F mutation of nucleophosmin 1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A tale of disorder and aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:207-214. [PMID: 34364939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is suggested as a reversible, wide-spread physiological process used by cells to regulate their growth and adapt to different stress conditions. Nucleophosmin 1(NPM1) protein is an abundant multifunctional nucleolar chaperone and its gene is the most frequently mutated in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients. So far, the role of NPM1 mutations in leukemogenesis has remained largely elusive considering that they have the double effect of unfolding the C-terminal domain (CTD) and delocalizing the protein in the cytosol (NPM1c+). This mislocalization heavily impacts on cell cycle regulation. Our recent investigations unequivocally demonstrated an amyloid aggregation propensity introduced by AML mutations. Herein, employing complementary biophysical assays, we have characterized a N-terminal extended version of type F AML mutation of CTD and proved that it is able to form assemblies with amyloid character and fibrillar morphology. The present study represents an additional phase of knowledge to deepen the roles exerted by different types of cytoplasmatic NPM1c+ forms to develop in the future potential therapeutics for their selective targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara La Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Natale
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Department of Ingegneria Chimica del Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Pasqualina Liana Scognamiglio
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Department of Ingegneria Chimica del Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Teresa Sibillano
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Department of Ingegneria Chimica del Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia: from bench to bedside. Blood 2021; 136:1707-1721. [PMID: 32609823 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene encodes for a multifunctional protein with prominent nucleolar localization that shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm. NPM1 mutations represent the most common genetic lesion in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML; about one third of cases), and they act deterministically to cause the aberrant cytoplasmic delocalization of NPM1 mutants. Because of its unique features, NPM1-mutated AML is recognized as a distinct entity in the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic neoplasms. Here, we focus on recently identified functions of wild-type NPM1 in the nucleolus and address new biological and clinical issues related to NPM1-mutated AML. The relevance of the cooperation between NPM1 and other mutations in driving AML with different outcomes is presented. We also discuss the importance of eradicating NPM1-mutated clones to achieve AML cure and the impact of preleukemic clonal hematopoiesis persistence in predisposing to second AML. The contribution of HOX genes' expression to the development of NPM1-mutated AML is also highlighted. Clinically, yet unsolved diagnostic issues in the 2017 WHO classification of myeloid neoplasms and the importance of NPM1 mutations in defining the framework of European LeukemiaNet genetic-based risk stratification are discussed. Finally, we address the value and limits of NPM1-based measurable residual disease assessment for treatment guidance and present the results of promising preclinical studies with XPO1 and menin-MLL inhibitors.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mutual dependency between lncRNA LETN and protein NPM1 in controlling the nucleolar structure and functions sustaining cell proliferation. Cell Res 2021; 31:664-683. [PMID: 33432115 PMCID: PMC8169757 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamental processes such as ribosomal RNA synthesis and chromatin remodeling take place in the nucleolus, which is hyperactive in fast-proliferating cells. The sophisticated regulatory mechanism underlying the dynamic nucleolar structure and functions is yet to be fully explored. The present study uncovers the mutual functional dependency between a previously uncharacterized human long non-coding RNA, which we renamed LETN, and a key nucleolar protein, NPM1. Specifically, being upregulated in multiple types of cancer, LETN resides in the nucleolus via direct binding with NPM1. LETN plays a critical role in facilitating the formation of NPM1 pentamers, which are essential building blocks of the nucleolar granular component and control the nucleolar functions. Repression of LETN or NPM1 led to similar and profound changes of the nucleolar morphology and arrest of the nucleolar functions, which led to proliferation inhibition of human cancer cells and neural progenitor cells. Interestingly, this inter-dependency between LETN and NPM1 is associated with the evolutionarily new variations of NPM1 and the coincidental emergence of LETN in higher primates. We propose that this human-specific protein-lncRNA axis renders an additional yet critical layer of regulation with high physiological relevance in both cancerous and normal developmental processes that require hyperactive nucleoli.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sperti Rota F, Charbonnier T, Lejault P, Zell J, Bernhard C, Valverde IE, Monchaud D. Biomimetic, Smart, and Multivalent Ligands for G-Quadruplex Isolation and Bioorthogonal Imaging. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:905-914. [PMID: 33914525 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) continue to gather wide attention in the field of chemical biology as their prevalence in the human genome and transcriptome strongly suggests that they play key regulatory roles in cell biology. G4-specific, cell-permeable small molecules (G4-ligands) innovatively permit the interrogation of cellular circuitries in order to assess to what extent G4s influence cell fate and functions. Here, we report on multivalent, biomimetic G4-ligands referred to as TASQs that enable both the isolation and visualization of G4s in human cells. Two biotinylated TASQs, BioTASQ and BioCyTASQ, are indeed efficient molecular tools to isolate G4s from mixtures of nucleic acids through simple affinity capture protocols and to image G4s in cells via a biotin/avidin pretargeted imaging system first applied here to G4s, found to be a reliable alternative to in situ click chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thibaut Charbonnier
- ICMUB, CNRS UMR6302, UBFC Dijon, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Pauline Lejault
- ICMUB, CNRS UMR6302, UBFC Dijon, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Joanna Zell
- ICMUB, CNRS UMR6302, UBFC Dijon, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Claire Bernhard
- ICMUB, CNRS UMR6302, UBFC Dijon, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Ibai E Valverde
- ICMUB, CNRS UMR6302, UBFC Dijon, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - David Monchaud
- ICMUB, CNRS UMR6302, UBFC Dijon, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Matsumoto S, Sugimoto N. New Insights into the Functions of Nucleic Acids Controlled by Cellular Microenvironments. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:17. [PMID: 33782792 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The right-handed double-helical B-form structure (B-form duplex) has been widely recognized as the canonical structure of nucleic acids since it was first proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. This B-form duplex model has a monochronic and static structure and codes genetic information within a sequence. Interestingly, DNA and RNA can form various non-canonical structures, such as hairpin loops, left-handed helices, triplexes, tetraplexes of G-quadruplex and i-motif, and branched junctions, in addition to the canonical structure. The formation of non-canonical structures depends not only on sequence but also on the surrounding environment. Importantly, these non-canonical structures may exhibit a wide variety of biological roles by changing their structures and stabilities in response to the surrounding environments, which undergo vast changes at specific locations and at specific times in cells. Here, we review recent progress regarding the interesting behaviors and functions of nucleic acids controlled by molecularly crowded cellular conditions. New insights gained from recent studies suggest that nucleic acids not only code genetic information in sequences but also have unknown functions regarding their structures and stabilities through drastic structural changes in cellular environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Matsumoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan. .,Graduate School of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
De Magis A, Kastl M, Brossart P, Heine A, Paeschke K. BG-flow, a new flow cytometry tool for G-quadruplex quantification in fixed cells. BMC Biol 2021; 19:45. [PMID: 33706790 PMCID: PMC7953821 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleic acids can fold into non-canonical secondary structures named G-quadruplexes (G4s), which consist of guanine-rich sequences stacked into guanine tetrads stabilized by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and monovalent cations. G4 structure formation and properties are well established in vitro, but potential in vivo functions remain controversial. G4s are evolutionarily enriched at distinct, functional genomic loci, and both genetic and molecular findings indicate that G4s are involved in multiple aspects of cellular homeostasis. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the function of G4 structures and the trigger signals for their formation, robust biochemical methods are needed to detect and quantify G4 structures in living cells. Currently available methods mostly rely on fluorescence microscopy or deep sequencing of immunoprecipitated DNA or RNA using G4-specific antibodies. These methods provide a clear picture of the cellular or genomic localization of G4 structures but are very time-consuming. Here, we assembled a novel protocol that uses the G4-specific antibody BG4 to quantify G4 structures by flow cytometry (BG-flow). RESULTS We describe and validate a flow cytometry-based protocol for quantifying G4 levels by using the G4-specific antibody BG4 to label standard cultured cells (Hela and THP-1) as well as primary cells obtained from human blood (peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)). We additionally determined changes in G4 levels during the cell cycle in immortalized MCF-7 cells, and validated changes previously observed in G4 levels by treating mouse macrophages with the G4-stabilizing agent pyridostatin (PDS). CONCLUSION We provide mechanistic proof that BG-flow is working in different kinds of cells ranging from mouse to humans. We propose that BG-flow can be combined with additional antibodies for cell surface markers to determine G4 structures in subpopulations of cells, which will be beneficial to address the relevance and consequences of G4 structures in mixed cell populations. This will support ongoing research that discusses G4 structures as a novel diagnostic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio De Magis
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melanie Kastl
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annkristin Heine
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Paeschke
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kosiol N, Juranek S, Brossart P, Heine A, Paeschke K. G-quadruplexes: a promising target for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:40. [PMID: 33632214 PMCID: PMC7905668 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA and RNA can fold into a variety of alternative conformations. In recent years, a particular nucleic acid structure was discussed to play a role in malignant transformation and cancer development. This structure is called a G-quadruplex (G4). G4 structure formation can drive genome instability by creating mutations, deletions and stimulating recombination events. The importance of G4 structures in the characterization of malignant cells was currently demonstrated in breast cancer samples. In this analysis a correlation between G4 structure formation and an increased intratumor heterogeneity was identified. This suggests that G4 structures might allow breast cancer stratification and supports the identification of new personalized treatment options. Because of the stability of G4 structures and their presence within most human oncogenic promoters and at telomeres, G4 structures are currently tested as a therapeutic target to downregulate transcription or to block telomere elongation in cancer cells. To date, different chemical molecules (G4 ligands) have been developed that aim to target G4 structures. In this review we discuss and compare G4 function and relevance for therapeutic approaches and their impact on cancer development for three cancer entities, which differ significantly in their amount and type of mutations: pancreatic cancer, leukemia and malignant melanoma. G4 structures might present a promising new strategy to individually target tumor cells and could support personalized treatment approaches in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kosiol
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Juranek
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annkristin Heine
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Paeschke
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Caston RA, Gampala S, Armstrong L, Messmann RA, Fishel ML, Kelley MR. The multifunctional APE1 DNA repair-redox signaling protein as a drug target in human disease. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:218-228. [PMID: 33148489 PMCID: PMC7855940 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease-reduction/oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1, also called APE1) is a multifunctional enzyme with crucial roles in DNA repair and reduction/oxidation (redox) signaling. APE1 was originally described as an endonuclease in the Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway. Further study revealed it to be a redox signaling hub regulating critical transcription factors (TFs). Although a significant amount of focus has been on the role of APE1 in cancer, recent findings support APE1 as a target in other indications, including ocular diseases [diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD)], inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and others, where APE1 regulation of crucial TFs impacts important pathways in these diseases. The central responsibilities of APE1 in DNA repair and redox signaling make it an attractive therapeutic target for cancer and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Caston
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Silpa Gampala
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lee Armstrong
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Melissa L Fishel
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark R Kelley
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sanchez-Martin V, Lopez-Pujante C, Soriano-Rodriguez M, Garcia-Salcedo JA. An Updated Focus on Quadruplex Structures as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238900. [PMID: 33255335 PMCID: PMC7734589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical, four-stranded nucleic acids secondary structures are present within regulatory regions in the human genome and transcriptome. To date, these quadruplex structures include both DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes, formed in guanine-rich sequences, and i-Motifs, found in cytosine-rich sequences, as their counterparts. Quadruplexes have been extensively associated with cancer, playing an important role in telomere maintenance and control of genetic expression of several oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Therefore, quadruplex structures are considered attractive molecular targets for cancer therapeutics with novel mechanisms of action. In this review, we provide a general overview about recent research on the implications of quadruplex structures in cancer, firstly gathering together DNA G-quadruplexes, RNA G-quadruplexes as well as DNA i-Motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sanchez-Martin
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (V.S.-M.); (C.L.-P.)
- Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Biosanitary Research Institute IBS, Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Lopez-Pujante
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (V.S.-M.); (C.L.-P.)
| | - Miguel Soriano-Rodriguez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (V.S.-M.); (C.L.-P.)
- Centre for Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-food Biotechnology (CIAMBITAL), University of Almeria, 04001 Almeria, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.S.-R.); (J.A.G.-S.); Tel.: +34-958715500 (M.S.-R.); +34-958715500 (J.A.G.-S.)
| | - Jose A. Garcia-Salcedo
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (V.S.-M.); (C.L.-P.)
- Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Biosanitary Research Institute IBS, Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.S.-R.); (J.A.G.-S.); Tel.: +34-958715500 (M.S.-R.); +34-958715500 (J.A.G.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
López DJ, Rodríguez JA, Bañuelos S. Nucleophosmin, a multifunctional nucleolar organizer with a role in DNA repair. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140532. [PMID: 32853771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a mostly nucleolar protein with crucial functions in cell growth and homeostasis, including regulation of ribosome biogenesis and stress response. Such multiple activities rely on its ability to interact with nucleic acids and with hundreds of proteins, as well as on a dynamic subcellular distribution. NPM1 is thus regulated by a complex interplay between localization and interactions, further modulated by post-translational modifications. NPM1 is a homopentamer, with globular domains connected by long, intrinsically disordered linkers. This configuration allows NPM1 to engage in liquid-liquid phase separation phenomena, which could underlie a key role in nucleolar organization. Here, we will discuss NPM1 conformational and functional versatility, emphasizing its emerging, and still largely unexplored, role in DNA damage repair. Since NPM1 is altered in a subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), we will also present ongoing research on the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenic role and potential NPM1-targeting therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J López
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - José A Rodríguez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Sonia Bañuelos
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Suseela YV, Satha P, Murugan NA, Govindaraju T. Recognition of G-quadruplex topology through hybrid binding with implications in cancer theranostics. Theranostics 2020; 10:10394-10414. [PMID: 32929356 PMCID: PMC7482797 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective recognition and imaging of oncogene specific G-quadruplex (GQ) structures holds great promise in the development of diagnostic therapy (theranostics) for cancer and has been challenging due to their structural dynamics and diversity. We report selective recognition of GQ by a small molecule through unique hybrid loop stacking and groove binding mode with turn on far-red fluorescence response and anticancer activity demonstrating the potential implications for GQ-targeted cancer theranostics. Methods: Biophysical investigation reveal the turn on far-red emission property of TGP18 for selective recognition of GQ. In cellulo studies including DNA damage and oxidative stress evaluation guided us to perform in vitro (3D spheroid) and in vivo (xenograft mice model) anti-cancer activity, and tumor tissue imaging to assess the theranostic potential of TGP18. Results: Neocuproine-based far-red turn on fluorescence probe TGP18 shows GQ-to-duplex selectivity and specifically recognizes BCL-2 GQ with high affinity through a unique hybrid binding mode involving loop-stacking and groove interactions. Our study reveals that the selective recognition originating from the distinct loop structure of GQ that alters the overall probe interaction and binding affinity. TGP18 binding to anti-apoptotic BCL-2 GQ ablates the pro-survival function and elicit anti-cancer activity by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. We deciphered that inhibition of BCL-2 transcription synergized with signaling cascade of nucleolar stress, DNA damage and oxidative stress in triggering apoptosis signaling pathway. Conclusion: Intervention of GQ mediated lethality by TGP18 has translated into anti-cancer activity in both in vitro 3D spheroid culture and in vivo xenograft models of lung and breast cancer with superior efficacy for the former. In vivo therapeutic efficacy supplemented with tumor 3D spheroid and tissue imaging potential define the role of TGP18 in GQ-targeted cancer theranostics.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cela I, Di Matteo A, Federici L. Nucleophosmin in Its Interaction with Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4885. [PMID: 32664415 PMCID: PMC7402337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a mainly nucleolar protein that shuttles between nucleoli, nucleoplasm and cytoplasm to fulfill its many functions. It is a chaperone of both nucleic acids and proteins and plays a role in cell cycle control, centrosome duplication, ribosome maturation and export, as well as the cellular response to a variety of stress stimuli. NPM1 is a hub protein in nucleoli where it contributes to nucleolar organization through heterotypic and homotypic interactions. Furthermore, several alterations, including overexpression, chromosomal translocations and mutations are present in solid and hematological cancers. Recently, novel germline mutations that cause dyskeratosis congenita have also been described. This review focuses on NPM1 interactions and inhibition. Indeed, the list of NPM1 binding partners is ever-growing and, in recent years, many studies contributed to clarifying the structural basis for NPM1 recognition of both nucleic acids and several proteins. Intriguingly, a number of natural and synthetic ligands that interfere with NPM1 interactions have also been reported. The possible role of NPM1 inhibitors in the treatment of multiple cancers and other pathologies is emerging as a new therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cela
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, Via Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adele Di Matteo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM) of the CNR, c/o “Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Luca Federici
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, Via Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Disruption of ATRX-RNA interactions uncovers roles in ATRX localization and PRC2 function. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2219. [PMID: 32376827 PMCID: PMC7203109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin in the eukaryotic genome is rigorously controlled by the concerted action of protein factors and RNAs. Here, we investigate the RNA binding function of ATRX, a chromatin remodeler with roles in silencing of repetitive regions of the genome and in recruitment of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). We identify ATRX RNA binding regions (RBRs) and discover that the major ATRX RBR lies within the N-terminal region of the protein, distinct from its PHD and helicase domains. Deletion of this ATRX RBR (ATRXΔRBR) compromises ATRX interactions with RNAs in vitro and in vivo and alters its chromatin binding properties. Genome-wide studies reveal that loss of RNA interactions results in a redistribution of ATRX on chromatin. Finally, our studies identify a role for ATRX-RNA interactions in regulating PRC2 localization to a subset of polycomb target genes. ATRX is an RNA binding protein that mediates targeting of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to genomic sites. Here the authors identify the RNA binding region and show that the RNA binding is required for ATRX localization and for its recruitment of PRC2 to a subset of polycomb targets.
Collapse
|
31
|
López DJ, de Blas A, Hurtado M, García-Alija M, Mentxaka J, de la Arada I, Urbaneja MA, Alonso-Mariño M, Bañuelos S. Nucleophosmin interaction with APE1: Insights into DNA repair regulation. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 88:102809. [PMID: 32092641 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1), an abundant, nucleolar protein with multiple functions affecting cell homeostasis, has also been recently involved in DNA damage repair. The roles of NPM1 in different repair pathways remain however to be elucidated. NPM1 has been described to interact with APE1 (apurinic apyrimidinic endonuclease 1), a key enzyme of the base excision repair (BER) pathway, which could reflect a direct participation of NPM1 in this route. To gain insight into the possible role(s) of NPM1 in BER, we have explored the interplay between the subnuclear localization of both APE1 and NPM1, the in vitro interaction they establish, the effect of binding to abasic DNA on APE1 conformation, and the modulation by NPM1 of APE1 binding and catalysis on DNA. We have found that, upon oxidative damage, NPM1 is released from nucleoli and locates on patches throughout the chromatin, perhaps co-localizing with APE1, and that this traffic could be mediated by phosphorylation of NPM1 on T199. NPM1 and APE1 form a complex in vitro, involving, apart from the core domain, at least part of the linker region of NPM1, whereas the C-terminal domain is dispensable for binding, which explains that an AML leukemia-related NPM1 mutant with an unfolded C-terminal domain can bind APE1. APE1 interaction with abasic DNA stabilizes APE1 structure, as based on thermal unfolding. Moreover, our data suggest that NPM1, maybe by keeping APE1 in an "open" conformation, favours specific recognition of abasic sites on DNA, competing with off-target associations. Therefore, NPM1 might participate in BER favouring APE1 target selection as well as turnover from incised abasic DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J López
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Ander de Blas
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Mikel Hurtado
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Mikel García-Alija
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Jon Mentxaka
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Igor de la Arada
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - María A Urbaneja
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Marián Alonso-Mariño
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Sonia Bañuelos
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Papaioannou D, Petri A, Dovey OM, Terreri S, Wang E, Collins FA, Woodward LA, Walker AE, Nicolet D, Pepe F, Kumchala P, Bill M, Walker CJ, Karunasiri M, Mrózek K, Gardner ML, Camilotto V, Zitzer N, Cooper JL, Cai X, Rong-Mullins X, Kohlschmidt J, Archer KJ, Freitas MA, Zheng Y, Lee RJ, Aifantis I, Vassiliou G, Singh G, Kauppinen S, Bloomfield CD, Dorrance AM, Garzon R. The long non-coding RNA HOXB-AS3 regulates ribosomal RNA transcription in NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5351. [PMID: 31767858 PMCID: PMC6877618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulatory molecules that are implicated in cellular physiology and pathology. In this work, we dissect the functional role of the HOXB-AS3 lncRNA in patients with NPM1-mutated (NPM1mut) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We show that HOXB-AS3 regulates the proliferative capacity of NPM1mut AML blasts in vitro and in vivo. HOXB-AS3 is shown to interact with the ErbB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1) and guide EBP1 to the ribosomal DNA locus. Via this mechanism, HOXB-AS3 regulates ribosomal RNA transcription and de novo protein synthesis. We propose that in the context of NPM1 mutations, HOXB-AS3 overexpression acts as a compensatory mechanism, which allows adequate protein production in leukemic blasts.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Mutation
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nucleophosmin
- Protein Biosynthesis/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- THP-1 Cells
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transplantation, Heterologous
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Petri
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oliver M Dovey
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Terreri
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB-ABT), National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Eric Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frances A Collins
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lauren A Woodward
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Allison E Walker
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Deedra Nicolet
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology Statistics and Data Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Felice Pepe
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Prasanthi Kumchala
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marius Bill
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Malith Karunasiri
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Krzysztof Mrózek
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Miranda L Gardner
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Virginia Camilotto
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nina Zitzer
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan L Cooper
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiongwei Cai
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Rong-Mullins
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica Kohlschmidt
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology Statistics and Data Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kellie J Archer
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Freitas
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Vassiliou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guramrit Singh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sakari Kauppinen
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara D Bloomfield
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Ramiro Garzon
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Saad M, Guédin A, Amor S, Bedrat A, Tourasse NJ, Fayyad-Kazan H, Pratviel G, Lacroix L, Mergny JL. Mapping and characterization of G-quadruplexes in the genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:4363-4374. [PMID: 30923812 PMCID: PMC6511855 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4) are non-canonical DNA and/or RNA secondary structures formed in guanine-rich regions. Given their over-representation in specific regions in the genome such as promoters and telomeres, they are likely to play important roles in key processes such as transcription, replication or RNA maturation. Putative G4-forming sequences (G4FS) have been reported in humans, yeast, bacteria, viruses and many organisms. Here we present the first mapping of G-quadruplex sequences in Dictyostelium discoideum, the social amoeba. ‘Dicty’ is an ameboid protozoan with a small (34 Mb) and extremely AT rich genome (78%). As a consequence, very few G4-prone motifs are expected. An in silico analysis of the Dictyostelium genome with the G4Hunter software detected 249–1055 G4-prone motifs, depending on G4Hunter chosen threshold. Interestingly, despite an even lower GC content (as compared to the whole Dicty genome), the density of G4 motifs in Dictyostelium promoters and introns is significantly higher than in the rest of the genome. Fourteen selected sequences located in important genes were characterized by a combination of biophysical and biochemical techniques. Our data show that these sequences form highly stable G4 structures under physiological conditions. Five Dictyostelium genes containing G4-prone motifs in their promoters were studied for the effect of a new G4-binding porphyrin derivative on their expression. Our results demonstrated that the new ligand significantly decreased their expression. Overall, our results constitute the first step to adopt Dictyostelium discoideum as a ‘G4-poor’ model for studies on G-quadruplexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Saad
- ARNA Laboratory, IECB, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Al-Hadath, Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Aurore Guédin
- ARNA Laboratory, IECB, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Souheila Amor
- ARNA Laboratory, IECB, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amina Bedrat
- ARNA Laboratory, IECB, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas J Tourasse
- ARNA Laboratory, IECB, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Al-Hadath, Lebanon, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- ARNA Laboratory, IECB, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen J, Stark LA. Insights into the Relationship between Nucleolar Stress and the NF-κB Pathway. Trends Genet 2019; 35:768-780. [PMID: 31434627 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear organelle the nucleolus and the transcription factor nuclear factor of κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) are both central to the control of cellular homeostasis, dysregulated in common diseases and implicated in the ageing process. Until recently, it was believed that they acted independently to regulate homeostasis in health and disease. However, there is an emerging body of evidence suggesting that nucleoli and NF-κB signalling converge at multiple levels. Here we will review current understanding of this crosstalk. We will discuss activation of the NF-κB pathway by nucleolar stress and induction of apoptosis by nucleolar sequestration of NF-κB/RelA. We will also discuss the role of TIF-IA, COMMD1, and nucleophosmin, which are key players in this crosstalk, and the therapeutic relevance, particularly with respect to the antitumour effects of aspirin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Chen
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lesley A Stark
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Malfatti MC, Gerratana L, Dalla E, Isola M, Damante G, Di Loreto C, Puglisi F, Tell G. APE1 and NPM1 protect cancer cells from platinum compounds cytotoxicity and their expression pattern has a prognostic value in TNBC. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:309. [PMID: 31307523 PMCID: PMC6631760 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subgroup characterized by a lack of hormone receptors’ expression and no HER2 overexpression. These molecular features both drastically reduce treatment options and confer poor prognosis. Platinum (Pt)-salts are being investigated as a new therapeutic strategy. The base excision repair (BER) pathway is important for resistance to Pt-based therapies. Overexpression of APE1, a pivotal enzyme of the BER pathway, as well as the expression of NPM1, a functional regulator of APE1, are associated with poor outcome and resistance to Pt-based therapies. Methods We evaluated the role of NPM1, APE1 and altered NPM1/APE1 interaction in the response to Pt-salts treatment in different cell lines: APE1 knockout (KO) cells, NPM1 KO cells, cell line models having an altered APE1/NPM1 interaction and HCC70 and HCC1937 TNBC cell lines, having different levels of APE1/NPM1. We evaluated the TNBC cells response to new chemotherapeutic small molecules targeting the endonuclease activity of APE1 or the APE1/NPM1 interaction, in combination with Pt-salts treatments. Expression levels’ correlation between APE1 and NPM1 and their impact on prognosis was analyzed in a cohort of TNBC patients through immunohistochemistry. Bioinformatics analysis, using TCGA datasets, was performed to predict a molecular signature of cancers based on APE1 and NPM1 expression. Results APE1 and NPM1, and their interaction as well, protect from the cytotoxicity induced by Pt-salts treatment. HCC1937 cells, having higher levels of APE1/NPM1 proteins, are more resistant to Pt-salts treatment compared to the HCC70 cells. A sensitization effect by APE1 inhibitors to Pt-compounds was observed. The association of NPM1/APE1 with cancer gene signatures highlighted alterations concerning cell-cycle dependent proteins. Conclusions APE1 and NPM1 protect cancer cells from Pt-compounds cytotoxicity, suggesting a possible improvement of the activity of Pt-based therapy for TNBC, using the NPM1 and APE1 proteins as secondary therapeutic targets. Based on positive or negative correlation with APE1 and NPM1 gene expression levels, we finally propose several TNBC gene signatures that should deserve further attention for their potential impact on TNBC precision medicine approaches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1294-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Gerratana
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.,Department of Oncology, ASUI Udine SMM University Hospital Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Miriam Isola
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.,Department of Pathology, ASUI Udine SMM University Hospital Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.,Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Matyášek R, Kuderová A, Kutílková E, Kučera M, Kovařík A. Intragenomic heterogeneity of intergenic ribosomal DNA spacers in Cucurbita moschata is determined by DNA minisatellites with variable potential to form non-canonical DNA conformations. DNA Res 2019; 26:273-286. [PMID: 31231763 PMCID: PMC6589552 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The intergenic spacer (IGS) of rDNA is frequently built of long blocks of tandem repeats. To estimate the intragenomic variability of such knotty regions, we employed PacBio sequencing of the Cucurbita moschata genome, in which thousands of rDNA copies are distributed across a number of loci. The rRNA coding regions are highly conserved, indicating intensive interlocus homogenization and/or high selection pressure. However, the IGS exhibits high intragenomic structural diversity. Two repeated blocks, R1 (300-1250 bp) and R2 (290-643 bp), account for most of the IGS variation. They exhibit minisatellite-like features built of multiple periodically spaced short GC-rich sequence motifs with the potential to adopt non-canonical DNA conformations, G-quadruplex-folded and left-handed Z-DNA. The mutual arrangement of these motifs can be used to classify IGS variants into five structural families. Subtle polymorphisms exist within each family due to a variable number of repeats, suggesting the coexistence of an enormous number of IGS variants. The substantial length and structural heterogeneity of IGS minisatellites suggests that the tempo of their divergence exceeds the tempo of the homogenization of rDNA arrays. As frequently occurring among plants, we hypothesize that their instability may influence transcription regulation and/or destabilize rDNA units, possibly spreading them across the genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Matyášek
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kuderová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kutílková
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kučera
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Kovařík
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Brodská B, Šašinková M, Kuželová K. Nucleophosmin in leukemia: Consequences of anchor loss. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 111:52-62. [PMID: 31009764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM), one of the most abundant nucleolar proteins, has crucial functions in ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle control, and DNA-damage repair. In human cells, NPM occurs mainly in oligomers. It functions as a chaperone, undergoes numerous interactions and forms part of many protein complexes. Although NPM role in carcinogenesis is not fully elucidated, a variety of tumor suppressor as well as oncogenic activities were described. NPM is overexpressed, fused with other proteins, or mutated in various tumor types. In the acute myeloid leukemia (AML), characteristic mutations in NPM1 gene, leading to modification of NPM C-terminus, are the most frequent genetic aberration. Although multiple mutation types of NPM are found in AML, they are all characterized by aberrant cytoplasmic localization of the mutated protein. In this review, current knowledge of the structure and function of NPM is presented in relation to its interaction network, in particular to the interaction with other nucleolar proteins and with proteins active in apoptosis. Possible molecular mechanisms of NPM mutation-driven leukemogenesis and NPM therapeutic targeting are discussed. Finally, recent findings concerning the immunogenicity of the mutated NPM and specific immunological features of AML patients with NPM mutation are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Brodská
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Šašinková
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kuželová
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
La Manna S, Scognamiglio PL, Roviello V, Borbone F, Florio D, Di Natale C, Bigi A, Cecchi C, Cascella R, Giannini C, Sibillano T, Novellino E, Marasco D. The acute myeloid leukemia-associated Nucleophosmin 1 gene mutations dictate amyloidogenicity of the C-terminal domain. FEBS J 2019; 286:2311-2328. [PMID: 30921500 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) is a nucleus-cytoplasm shuttling protein ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved. It is involved in many cellular processes and its gene is mutated in ~ 50-60% of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients. These mutations cause its cytoplasmic mislocation and accumulation (referred to as NPM1c+) and open the door to rational targeted therapy for AML diseases with mutated NPM1. Currently, there is limited knowledge on the mechanism of action of NPM1c+ and on structural determinants of the leukemogenic potential of AML mutations. Numerous previous studies outlined an unexpected amyloid-like aggregation tendency of several regions located in the C-terminal domain that, in wild-type form, fold as a three-helical-bundle. Here, using a combination of different techniques including Thioflavin T fluorescence, congo red absorbance, CD spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and wide-angle X-ray scattering on a series of peptides bearing mutations, we evidence that the amyloidogenicity of NPM1 mutants is directly linked to AML. Noticeably, AML point mutations strongly affect the amyloid cytotoxic effects in neuroblastoma cells and the morphologies of deriving fibrils. This study paves the way to deepen our understanding of AML-associated NPM1 mutants, and could help to break new ground for the identification of novel drugs targeting NPM1c+ for treatment of AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara La Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Pasqualina Liana Scognamiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Valentina Roviello
- Analytical Chemistry for the Environment and CeSMA (Advanced Metrologic Service Center), University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Fabio Borbone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Daniele Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Concetta Di Natale
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Sibillano
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
G-Quadruplexes in Human Ribosomal RNA. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1940-1955. [PMID: 30885721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
rRNA is the single most abundant polymer in most cells. Mammalian rRNAs are nearly twice as large as those of prokaryotes. Differences in rRNA size are due to expansion segments, which contain extended tentacles in metazoans. Here we show that the terminus of an rRNA tentacle of Homo sapiens contains 10 tandem G-tracts that form highly stable G-quadruplexes in vitro. We characterized rRNA of the H. sapiens large ribosomal subunit by computation, circular dichroism, UV melting, fluorescent probes, nuclease accessibility, electrophoretic mobility shifts, and blotting. We investigated Expansion Segment 7 (ES7), oligomers derived from ES7, intact 28S rRNA, 80S ribosomes, and polysomes. We used mass spectrometry to identify proteins that bind to rRNA G-quadruplexes in cell lysates. These proteins include helicases (DDX3, CNBP, DDX21, DDX17) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Finally, by multiple sequence alignments, we observe that G-quadruplex-forming sequences are a general feature of LSU rRNA of Chordata but not, as far as we can tell, of other species. Chordata ribosomes present polymorphic tentacles with the potential to switch between inter- and intramolecular G-quadruplexes. To our knowledge, G-quadruplexes have not been reported previously in ribosomes.
Collapse
|
40
|
Burra S, Marasco D, Malfatti MC, Antoniali G, Virgilio A, Esposito V, Demple B, Galeone A, Tell G. Human AP-endonuclease (Ape1) activity on telomeric G4 structures is modulated by acetylatable lysine residues in the N-terminal sequence. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 73:129-143. [PMID: 30509560 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Loss of telomeres stability is a hallmark of cancer cells. Exposed telomeres are prone to aberrant end-joining reactions leading to chromosomal fusions and translocations. Human telomeres contain repeated TTAGGG elements, in which the 3' exposed strand may adopt a G-quadruplex (G4) structure. The guanine-rich regions of telomeres are hotspots for oxidation forming 8-oxoguanine, a lesion that is handled by the base excision repair (BER) pathway. One key player of this pathway is Ape1, the main human endonuclease processing abasic sites. Recent evidences showed an important role for Ape1 in telomeric physiology, but the molecular details regulating Ape1 enzymatic activities on G4-telomeric sequences are lacking. Through a combination of in vitro assays, we demonstrate that Ape1 can bind and process different G4 structures and that this interaction involves specific acetylatable lysine residues (i.e. K27/31/32/35) present in the unstructured N-terminal sequence of the protein. The cleavage of an abasic site located in a G4 structure by Ape1 depends on the DNA conformation or the position of the lesion and on electrostatic interactions between the protein and the nucleic acids. Moreover, Ape1 mutants mimicking the acetylated protein display increased cleavage activity for abasic sites. We found that nucleophosmin (NPM1), which binds the N-terminal sequence of Ape1, plays a role in modulating telomere length and Ape1 activity at abasic G4 structures. Thus, the Ape1 N-terminal sequence is an important relay site for regulating the enzyme's activity on G4-telomeric sequences, and specific acetylatable lysine residues constitute key regulatory sites of Ape1 enzymatic activity dynamics at telomeres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Burra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Matilde Clarissa Malfatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Antoniali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonella Virgilio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruce Demple
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8651, USA
| | - Aldo Galeone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kashem MA, Sultana N, Balcar VJ. Exposure of Rat Neural Stem Cells to Ethanol Affects Cell Numbers and Alters Expression of 28 Proteins. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1841-1854. [PMID: 30043189 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Developing brain cells express many proteins but little is known of how their protein composition responds to chronic exposure to alcohol and/or how such changes might relate to alcohol toxicity. We used cultures derived from embryonic rat brain (previously shown to contain mostly neural stem cells; rat NSC, rNSC), exposed them to ethanol (25-100 mM) for up to 96 h and studied how they reacted. Ethanol (50 and 100 mM) reduced cell numbers indicating either compromised cell proliferation, cytotoxicity or both. Increased lipid peroxidation was consistent with the presence of oxidative stress accompanying alcohol-induced cytotoxicity. Proteomics revealed 28 proteins as altered by ethanol (50 mM for 96 h). Some were constituents of cytoskeleton, others were involved in transcription/translation, signal transduction and oxidative stress. Nucleophosmin (NPM1) and dead-end protein homolog 1 (DND1) were further studied by immunological techniques in cultured neurons and astrocytes (derived from brain tissue at embryonic ages E15 and E20, respectively). In the case of DND1 (but not NPM1) ethanol induced similar pattern of changes in both types of cells. Given the critical role of the protein NPM1 in cell proliferation and differentiation, its reduced expression in the ethanol-exposed rNSC could, in part, explain the lower cells numbers. We conclude that chronic ethanol profoundly alters protein composition of rNSC to the extent that their functioning-including proliferation and survival-would be seriously compromised. Translated to humans, such changes could point the way towards mechanisms underlying the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and/or alcoholism later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Kashem
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Bosch Institute and Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Anderson Stuart Building F13, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Nilufa Sultana
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Bosch Institute and Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Anderson Stuart Building F13, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Vladimir J Balcar
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Bosch Institute and Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Anderson Stuart Building F13, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The nucleolus is a prominent subnuclear compartment, where ribosome biosynthesis takes place. Recently, the nucleolus has gained attention for its novel role in the regulation of cellular stress. Nucleolar stress is emerging as a new concept, which is characterized by diverse cellular insult-induced abnormalities in nucleolar structure and function, ultimately leading to activation of p53 or other stress signaling pathways and alterations in cell behavior. Despite a number of comprehensive reviews on this concept, straightforward and clear-cut way criteria for a nucleolar stress state, regarding the factors that elicit this state, the morphological and functional alterations as well as the rationale for p53 activation are still missing. Based on literature of the past two decades, we herein summarize the evolution of the concept and provide hallmarks of nucleolar stress. Along with updated information and thorough discussion of existing confusions in the field, we pay particular attention to the current understanding of the sensing mechanisms, i.e., how stress is integrated by p53. In addition, we propose our own emphasis regarding the role of nucleolar protein NPM1 in the hallmarks of nucleolar stress and sensing mechanisms. Finally, the links of nucleolar stress to human diseases are briefly and selectively introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sakashita G, Kiyoi H, Naoe T, Urano T. Analysis of the oligomeric states of nucleophosmin using size exclusion chromatography. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4008. [PMID: 29507312 PMCID: PMC5838202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional phosphoprotein which plays important roles in diverse biological processes. NPM1 can form homo- or hetero-oligomers through its N-terminal region, and bind DNA and RNA through its C-terminal region. However, the monomer-oligomer distribution of NPM1, and the extent of NPM1 binding and unbinding to RNA in living cells, are not fully understood. In this work, we analysed molecular complexes of NPM1 using size exclusion chromatography. We found that a substantial fraction of NPM1 behaves as an oligomer in HeLa cells. Furthermore, we identified three distinct oligomeric states of NPM1 using molecular characterization techniques such as subcellular localization and RNA binding. Finally, we found that heterozygous expression of a leukemia-associated NPM1 mutant significantly decreases the RNA binding level. Our data demonstrate that size exclusion chromatography provides a powerful tool for analysing NPM1 oligomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyosuke Sakashita
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoki Naoe
- National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Centre, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Takeshi Urano
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Luchinat E, Chiarella S, Franceschini M, Di Matteo A, Brunori M, Banci L, Federici L. Identification of a novel nucleophosmin-interaction motif in the tumor suppressor p14arf. FEBS J 2018; 285:832-847. [PMID: 29283500 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p14arf interacts, in response to oncogenic signals, with the p53 E3-ubiquitin ligase HDM2, thereby resulting in p53 stabilization and activation. In addition, it also exerts tumor-suppressive functions in p53-independent contexts. The activities of p14arf are regulated by the nucleolar chaperone nucleophosmin (NPM1), which controls its levels and cellular localization. In acute myeloid leukemia with mutations in the NPM1 gene, mutated NPM1 aberrantly translocates in the cytosol carrying with itself p14arf that is subsequently degraded, thus impairing the p14arf-HDM2-p53 axis. In this work we investigated the complex between these two proteins by means of NMR and other techniques. We identified a novel NPM1-interacting motif in the C-terminal region of p14arf, which corresponds to its predicted nucleolar localization signal. This motif recognizes a specific region of the NPM1 N-terminal domain and, upon binding, the two proteins form soluble high molecular weight complexes. By NMR, we identified critical residues on both proteins involved in the interaction. Collectively, our data provide a structural framework to rationalize the overall assembly of the p14arf-NPM1 supramolecular complexes. A number of p14arf cancer-associated mutations cluster in this motif and their effect on the interaction with NPM1 was also analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Luchinat
- CERM, Centro Risonanze Magnetiche, Università di Firenze, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche - Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Chiarella
- Ce.S.I.-MeT Centro di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Università "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche - Università "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti, Italy
| | - Mimma Franceschini
- Ce.S.I.-MeT Centro di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Università "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche - Università "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti, Italy
| | - Adele Di Matteo
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Brunori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, "A. Rossi Fanelli" - Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Banci
- CERM, Centro Risonanze Magnetiche, Università di Firenze, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - Luca Federici
- Ce.S.I.-MeT Centro di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Università "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche - Università "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
De Santis A, La Manna S, Krauss IR, Malfitano AM, Novellino E, Federici L, De Cola A, Di Matteo A, D'Errico G, Marasco D. Nucleophosmin-1 regions associated with acute myeloid leukemia interact differently with lipid membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:967-978. [PMID: 29330024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Augusta De Santis
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; CSGI - Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara La Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Russo Krauss
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; CSGI - Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Malfitano
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Federici
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonella De Cola
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adele Di Matteo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardino D'Errico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; CSGI - Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Molecules that target nucleophosmin for cancer treatment: an update. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44821-44840. [PMID: 27058426 PMCID: PMC5190137 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin is a highly and ubiquitously expressed protein, mainly localized in nucleoli but able to shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm. Nucleophosmin plays crucial roles in ribosome maturation and export, centrosome duplication, cell cycle progression, histone assembly and response to a variety of stress stimuli. Much interest in this protein has arisen in the past ten years, since the discovery of heterozygous mutations in the terminal exon of the NPM1 gene, which are the most frequent genetic alteration in acute myeloid leukemia. Nucleophosmin is also frequently overexpressed in solid tumours and, in many cases, its overexpression correlates with mitotic index and metastatization. Therefore it is considered as a promising target for the treatment of both haematologic and solid malignancies. NPM1 targeting molecules may suppress different functions of the protein, interfere with its subcellular localization, with its oligomerization properties or drive its degradation. In the recent years, several such molecules have been described and here we review what is currently known about them, their interaction with nucleophosmin and the mechanistic basis of their toxicity. Collectively, these molecules exemplify a number of different strategies that can be adopted to target nucleophosmin and we summarize them at the end of the review.
Collapse
|
47
|
De Cola A, Franceschini M, Di Matteo A, Colotti G, Celani R, Clemente E, Ippoliti R, Cimini AM, Dhez AC, Vallée B, Raineri F, Cascone I, Destouches D, De Laurenzi V, Courty J, Federici L. N6L pseudopeptide interferes with nucleophosmin protein-protein interactions and sensitizes leukemic cells to chemotherapy. Cancer Lett 2017; 412:272-282. [PMID: 29111347 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NPM1 is a multifunctional nucleolar protein implicated in several processes such as ribosome maturation and export, DNA damage response and apoptotic response to stress stimuli. The NPM1 gene is involved in human tumorigenesis and is found mutated in one third of acute myeloid leukemia patients, leading to the aberrant cytoplasmic localization of NPM1. Recent studies indicated that the N6L multivalent pseudopeptide, a synthetic ligand of cell-surface nucleolin, is also able to bind NPM1 with high affinity. N6L inhibits cell growth with different mechanisms and represents a good candidate as a novel anticancer drug for a number of malignancies of different histological origin. In this study we investigated whether N6L treatment could drive antitumor effect in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. We found that N6L binds NPM1 at the N-terminal domain, co-localizes with cytoplasmic, mutated NPM1, and interferes with its protein-protein associations. N6L toxicity appears to be p53 dependent but interestingly, the leukemic cell line harbouring the mutated form of NPM1 is more resistant to treatment, suggesting that NPM1 cytoplasmic delocalization confers protection from p53 activation. Moreover, we show that N6L sensitizes AML cells to doxorubicin and cytarabine treatment. These studies suggest that N6L may be a promising option in combination therapies for acute myeloid leukemia treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A De Cola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Universita' "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Franceschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Universita' "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Di Matteo
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - G Colotti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - R Celani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Universita' "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - E Clemente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Universita' "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - R Ippoliti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A M Cimini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
| | - A C Dhez
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - B Vallée
- Université; Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - F Raineri
- Université; Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - I Cascone
- Université; Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - D Destouches
- Université; Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - V De Laurenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Universita' "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - J Courty
- Université; Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - L Federici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Universita' "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Urbaneja MA, Skjærven L, Aubi O, Underhaug J, López DJ, Arregi I, Alonso-Mariño M, Cuevas A, Rodríguez JA, Martinez A, Bañuelos S. Conformational stabilization as a strategy to prevent nucleophosmin mislocalization in leukemia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13959. [PMID: 29066752 PMCID: PMC5655693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a nucleolar protein involved in ribosome assembly and cell homeostasis. Mutations in the C-terminal domain of NPM that impair native folding and localization are associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We have performed a high-throughput screening searching for compounds that stabilize the C-terminal domain. We identified three hit compounds which show the ability to increase the thermal stability of both the C-terminal domain as well as full-length NPM. The best hit also seemed to favor folding of an AML-like mutant. Computational pocket identification and molecular docking support a stabilization mechanism based on binding of the phenyl/benzene group of the compounds to a particular hydrophobic pocket and additional polar interactions with solvent-accessible residues. Since these results indicate a chaperoning potential of our candidate hits, we tested their effect on the subcellular localization of AML-like mutants. Two compounds partially alleviated the aggregation and restored nucleolar localization of misfolded mutants. The identified hits appear promising as pharmacological chaperones aimed at therapies for AML based on conformational stabilization of NPM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María A Urbaneja
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Lars Skjærven
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oscar Aubi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jarl Underhaug
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - David J López
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Igor Arregi
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- R&D Department, Roxall España, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marián Alonso-Mariño
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Andoni Cuevas
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - José A Rodríguez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Aurora Martinez
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Sonia Bañuelos
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Di Matteo A, Franceschini M, Paiardini A, Grottesi A, Chiarella S, Rocchio S, Di Natale C, Marasco D, Vitagliano L, Travaglini-Allocatelli C, Federici L. Structural investigation of nucleophosmin interaction with the tumor suppressor Fbw7γ. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e379. [PMID: 28920929 PMCID: PMC5623904 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional nucleolar protein implicated in ribogenesis, centrosome duplication, cell cycle control, regulation of DNA repair and apoptotic response to stress stimuli. The majority of these functions are played through the interactions with a variety of protein partners. NPM1 is frequently overexpressed in solid tumors of different histological origin. Furthermore NPM1 is the most frequently mutated protein in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Mutations map to the C-terminal domain and lead to the aberrant and stable localization of the protein in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts. Among NPM1 protein partners, a pivotal role is played by the tumor suppressor Fbw7γ, an E3-ubiquitin ligase that degrades oncoproteins like c-MYC, cyclin E, Notch and c-jun. In AML with NPM1 mutations, Fbw7γ is degraded following its abnormal cytosolic delocalization by mutated NPM1. This mechanism also applies to other tumor suppressors and it has been suggested that it may play a key role in leukemogenesis. Here we analyse the interaction between NPM1 and Fbw7γ, by identifying the protein surfaces implicated in recognition and key aminoacids involved. Based on the results of computational methods, we propose a structural model for the interaction, which is substantiated by experimental findings on several site-directed mutants. We also extend the analysis to two other NPM1 partners (HIV Tat and CENP-W) and conclude that NPM1 uses the same molecular surface as a platform for recognizing different protein partners. We suggest that this region of NPM1 may be targeted for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Di Matteo
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari - Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche, Roma, Italy
| | - M Franceschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, Chieti, Italy.,CeSI-Met - Università di Chieti-Pescara 'G d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - A Paiardini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C Darwin' - Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - A Grottesi
- CINECA Consorzio Interuniversitario, Sede di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - S Chiarella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, Chieti, Italy.,CeSI-Met - Università di Chieti-Pescara 'G d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - S Rocchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche 'A Rossi Fanelli' - Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - C Di Natale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia,- Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Napoli, Italy
| | - D Marasco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia,- Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Napoli, Italy
| | - L Vitagliano
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
| | - C Travaglini-Allocatelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche 'A Rossi Fanelli' - Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - L Federici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, Chieti, Italy.,CeSI-Met - Università di Chieti-Pescara 'G d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Warren C, Shechter D. Fly Fishing for Histones: Catch and Release by Histone Chaperone Intrinsically Disordered Regions and Acidic Stretches. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2401-2426. [PMID: 28610839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin is the complex of eukaryotic DNA and proteins required for the efficient compaction of the nearly 2-meter-long human genome into a roughly 10-micron-diameter cell nucleus. The fundamental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: 147bp of DNA wrapped about an octamer of histone proteins. Nucleosomes are stable enough to organize the genome yet must be dynamically displaced and reassembled to allow access to the underlying DNA for transcription, replication, and DNA damage repair. Histone chaperones are a non-catalytic group of proteins that are central to the processes of nucleosome assembly and disassembly and thus the fluidity of the ever-changing chromatin landscape. Histone chaperones are responsible for binding the highly basic histone proteins, shielding them from non-specific interactions, facilitating their deposition onto DNA, and aiding in their eviction from DNA. Although most histone chaperones perform these common functions, recent structural studies of many different histone chaperones reveal that there are few commonalities in their folds. Importantly, sequence-based predictions show that histone chaperones are highly enriched in intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and acidic stretches. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underpinning histone binding, selectivity, and regulation of these highly dynamic protein regions. We highlight new evidence suggesting that IDRs are often critical for histone chaperone function and play key roles in chromatin assembly and disassembly pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Warren
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Shechter
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|