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Ghosh S, De D, Banerjee V, Biswas S, Ghosh U. High throughput screening of a new fluorescent G-quadruplex ligand having telomerase inhibitory activity in human A549 cells. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023:1-22. [PMID: 36919622 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2188220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Identification of a new G-quadruplex ligand having anti-telomerase activity would be a promising strategy for cancer therapy. The screened compound from ZINC database using docking studies was experimentally verified for its binding with three different telomeric G-quadruplex DNA sequences and anti-telomerase activity in A549 cells. Identified compound is an intrinsic fluorescent molecule, permeable to live cells and has a higher affinity to 22AG out of three different telomeric G-quadruplex DNA. It showed cytotoxicity and a significant reduction of telomerase activity in human A549 cells at a very low dose. So, this compound has a good anti-cancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Debapriya De
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Victor Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Soumyajit Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Utpal Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
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2
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Wang X, Zhang M, Xiong XQ, Yang H, Wang P, Zhang K, Awadasseid A, Narva S, Wu YL, Zhang W. Design, synthesis and bioactivity of novel naphthalimide-benzotriazole conjugates against A549 cells via targeting BCL2 G-quadruplex and inducing autophagy. Life Sci 2022; 302:120651. [PMID: 35597548 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, a series of novel naphthalimide-benzotriazole conjugates (1a-3c) based on 1, 8-naphthalimide as a core skeleton, aiming at G-quadruplexes, were designed and synthesized, and their anti-cancer activity and mechanism were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the CCK-8 assay, FRET melting, EMSA, CD, and molecular docking, intracellular assays, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS By the CCK-8 assay, it was found that the compound, 2-(3-(piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-6-(1H-benzo [d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (3a), has better activity against A549 cells. Through extracellular assays, including FRET melting, EMSA, CD, and molecular docking, results showed that 3a selectively interacted with BCL2 G-quadruplex(es). Further studies by intracellular assays, including western blotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, etc., verified that 3a mediated the death of A549 cells by two pathways: inhibition of the expression of the BCL2 gene, causing tumor cell apoptosis, and promotion of genetic instability, causing autophagy. This study suggests that the type of compounds, in particular, 3a, may be a potential molecule to explore for BCL2 G-quadruplex-targeted drugs against lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings demonstrate that compound 3a as a BCL2 G-quadruplex ligand induces DNA damage, autophagy, and apoptosis in A549 cells. This study provides us with a type of lead compound as an anti-tumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xu-Qiong Xiong
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Koutian Zhang
- Zhejiang Jianing Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Annoor Awadasseid
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Suresh Narva
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Lab of Molecular Immunology, Virus Inspection Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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3
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Banerjee N, Panda S, Chatterjee S. Frontiers in G-Quadruplex Therapeutics in Cancer: Selection of Small Molecules, Peptides and Aptamers. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:1-31. [PMID: 34148284 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplex, a unique secondary structure in nucleic acids found throughout human genome, elicited widespread interest in the field of therapeutic research. Being present in key regulatory regions of oncogenes, RNAs and telomere, G-quadruplex structure regulates transcription, translation, splicing etc. Changes in its structure and stability leads to differential expression of oncogenes causing cancer. Thus, targeting G-Quadruplex structures with small molecules/other biologics has shown elevated research interest. Covering previous reports, in this review we try to enlighten the facts on the structural diversity in G-quadruplex ligands aiming to provide newer insights to design first-in-class drugs for the next generation cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Suman Panda
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Subhrangsu Chatterjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India
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4
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Crisà E, Boggione P, Nicolosi M, Mahmoud AM, Al Essa W, Awikeh B, Aspesi A, Andorno A, Boldorini R, Dianzani I, Gaidano G, Patriarca A. Genetic Predisposition to Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Challenge for Adult Hematologists. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052525. [PMID: 33802366 PMCID: PMC7959319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) arising in the context of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) differ in terms of prognosis and treatment strategy compared to MDS occurring in the adult population without an inherited genetic predisposition. The main molecular pathways affected in IBMFS involve telomere maintenance, DNA repair, biogenesis of ribosomes, control of proliferation and others. The increased knowledge on the genes involved in MDS pathogenesis and the wider availability of molecular diagnostic assessment have led to an improvement in the detection of IBMFS genetic predisposition in MDS patients. A punctual recognition of these disorders implies a strict surveillance of the patient in order to detect early signs of progression and promptly offer allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is the only curative treatment. Moreover, identifying an inherited mutation allows the screening and counseling of family members and directs the choice of donors in case of need for transplantation. Here we provide an overview of the most recent data on MDS with genetic predisposition highlighting the main steps of the diagnostic and therapeutic management. In order to highlight the pitfalls of detecting IBMFS in adults, we report the case of a 27-year-old man affected by MDS with an underlying telomeropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Crisà
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.B.); (M.N.); (A.M.M.); (W.A.E.); (B.A.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (G.G.); Tel.: +39-0321-660-655 (E.C. & G.G.); Fax: +39-0321-373-3095 (E.C.)
| | - Paola Boggione
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.B.); (M.N.); (A.M.M.); (W.A.E.); (B.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Maura Nicolosi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.B.); (M.N.); (A.M.M.); (W.A.E.); (B.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Abdurraouf Mokhtar Mahmoud
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.B.); (M.N.); (A.M.M.); (W.A.E.); (B.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Wael Al Essa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.B.); (M.N.); (A.M.M.); (W.A.E.); (B.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Bassel Awikeh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.B.); (M.N.); (A.M.M.); (W.A.E.); (B.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Aspesi
- Laboratory of Genetic Pathology, Division of Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (I.D.)
| | - Annalisa Andorno
- Division of Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Division of Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Laboratory of Genetic Pathology, Division of Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (I.D.)
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.B.); (M.N.); (A.M.M.); (W.A.E.); (B.A.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (G.G.); Tel.: +39-0321-660-655 (E.C. & G.G.); Fax: +39-0321-373-3095 (E.C.)
| | - Andrea Patriarca
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.B.); (M.N.); (A.M.M.); (W.A.E.); (B.A.); (A.P.)
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Tsai FD, Lindsley RC. Clonal hematopoiesis in the inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Blood 2020; 136:1615-1622. [PMID: 32736377 PMCID: PMC7530647 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and increased risk for developing myeloid malignancy. The pathophysiologies of different IBMFSs are variable and can relate to defects in diverse biological processes, including DNA damage repair (Fanconi anemia), telomere maintenance (dyskeratosis congenita), and ribosome biogenesis (Diamond-Blackfan anemia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome). Somatic mutations leading to clonal hematopoiesis have been described in IBMFSs, but the distinct mechanisms by which mutations drive clonal advantage in each disease and their associations with leukemia risk are not well understood. Clinical observations and laboratory models of IBMFSs suggest that the germline deficiencies establish a qualitatively impaired functional state at baseline. In this context, somatic alterations can promote clonal hematopoiesis by improving the competitive fitness of specific hematopoietic stem cell clones. Some somatic alterations relieve baseline fitness constraints by normalizing the underlying germline deficit through direct reversion or indirect compensation, whereas others do so by subverting senescence or tumor-suppressor pathways. Clones with normalizing somatic mutations may have limited transformation potential that is due to retention of functionally intact fitness-sensing and tumor-suppressor pathways, whereas those with mutations that impair cellular elimination may have increased risk for malignant transformation that is due to subversion of tumor-suppressor pathways. Because clonal hematopoiesis is not deterministic of malignant transformation, rational surveillance strategies will depend on the ability to prospectively identify specific clones with increased leukemic potential. We describe a framework by which an understanding of the processes that promote clonal hematopoiesis in IBMFSs may inform clinical surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick D Tsai
- Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - R Coleman Lindsley
- Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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6
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Bryan TM. G-Quadruplexes at Telomeres: Friend or Foe? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163686. [PMID: 32823549 PMCID: PMC7464828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that cap and protect the ends of linear chromosomes. In almost all species, telomeric DNA has a G/C strand bias, and the short tandem repeats of the G-rich strand have the capacity to form into secondary structures in vitro, such as four-stranded G-quadruplexes. This has long prompted speculation that G-quadruplexes play a positive role in telomere biology, resulting in selection for G-rich tandem telomere repeats during evolution. There is some evidence that G-quadruplexes at telomeres may play a protective capping role, at least in yeast, and that they may positively affect telomere maintenance by either the enzyme telomerase or by recombination-based mechanisms. On the other hand, G-quadruplex formation in telomeric DNA, as elsewhere in the genome, can form an impediment to DNA replication and a source of genome instability. This review summarizes recent evidence for the in vivo existence of G-quadruplexes at telomeres, with a focus on human telomeres, and highlights some of the many unanswered questions regarding the location, form, and functions of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Bryan
- Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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7
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Gray LT, Puig Lombardi E, Verga D, Nicolas A, Teulade-Fichou MP, Londoño-Vallejo A, Maizels N. G-quadruplexes Sequester Free Heme in Living Cells. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1681-1691.e5. [PMID: 31668518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme is an essential cofactor for many enzymes, but free heme is toxic and its levels are tightly regulated. G-quadruplexes bind heme avidly in vitro, raising the possibility that they may sequester heme in vivo. If so, then treatment that displaces heme from quadruplexes is predicted to induce expression of genes involved in iron and heme homeostasis. Here we show that PhenDC3, a G-quadruplex ligand structurally unrelated to heme, displaces quadruplex-bound heme in vitro and alters transcription in cultured human cells, upregulating genes that support heme degradation and iron homeostasis, and most strikingly causing a 30-fold induction of heme oxidase 1, the key enzyme in heme degradation. We propose that G-quadruplexes sequester heme to protect cells from the pathophysiological consequences of free heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T Gray
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Emilia Puig Lombardi
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, CNRS-UMR3244, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Daniela Verga
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM-U1196, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, Orsay 91405, France; CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Alain Nicolas
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, CNRS-UMR3244, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM-U1196, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, Orsay 91405, France; CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Arturo Londoño-Vallejo
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, CNRS-UMR3244, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Nancy Maizels
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Wu K, Yu X, Huang Z, Zhu D, Yi X, Wu YL, Hao Q, Kemp KT, Elshimali Y, Iyer R, Nguyen KT, Zheng S, Chen G, Chen QH, Wang G, Vadgama JV, Wu Y. Targeting of PP2Cδ By a Small Molecule C23 Inhibits High Glucose-Induced Breast Cancer Progression In Vivo. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1983-1998. [PMID: 29808718 PMCID: PMC6486665 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Epidemiologic evidence indicates that diabetes may increase risk of breast cancer (BC) and mortality in patients with cancer. The pathophysiological relationships between diabetes and cancer are not fully understood, and personalized treatments for diabetes-associated BC are urgently needed. Results: We observed that high glucose (HG), via activation of nuclear phosphatase PP2Cδ, suppresses p53 function, and consequently promotes BC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. PP2Cδ expression is higher in tumor tissues from BC patients with hyperglycemia than those with normoglycemia. The mechanisms underlying HG stimulation of PP2Cδ involve classical/novel protein kinase-C (PKC) activation and GSK3β phosphorylation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)/NF-κB pathway also mediates HG induction of PP2Cδ. Furthermore, we identified a 1,5-diheteroarylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one (Compound 23, or C23) as a novel potent PP2Cδ inhibitor with a striking cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells through cell-based screening assay for growth inhibition and activity of a group of curcumin mimics. Beside directly inhibiting PP2Cδ activity, C23 blocks HG induction of PP2Cδ expression via heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) induction and subsequent ablation of ROS/NF-κB activation. C23 can thus significantly block HG-triggered inhibition of p53 activity, leading to the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, hyperglycemia promotes BC development in diabetic nude mice, and C23 inhibits the xenografted BC tumor growth. Conclusions and Innovation: Our findings elucidate mechanisms that may have contributed to diabetes-associated BC progression, and provide the first evidence to support the possible alternative therapeutic approach to BC patients with diabetes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 30, 1983-1998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoting Yu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Xianghua Yi
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongyu Hao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kevin T. Kemp
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yahya Elshimali
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roshni Iyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Kytai Truong Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Shilong Zheng
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Guanglin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, California
| | - Qiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, California
| | - Guangdi Wang
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jaydutt V. Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
- David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
- David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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9
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Beauvarlet J, Bensadoun P, Darbo E, Labrunie G, Rousseau B, Richard E, Draskovic I, Londono-Vallejo A, Dupuy JW, Nath Das R, Guédin A, Robert G, Orange F, Croce S, Valesco V, Soubeyran P, Ryan KM, Mergny JL, Djavaheri-Mergny M. Modulation of the ATM/autophagy pathway by a G-quadruplex ligand tips the balance between senescence and apoptosis in cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:2739-2756. [PMID: 30759257 PMCID: PMC6451122 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex ligands exert their antiproliferative effects through telomere-dependent and telomere-independent mechanisms, but the inter-relationships among autophagy, cell growth arrest and cell death induced by these ligands remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the G-quadruplex ligand 20A causes growth arrest of cancer cells in culture and in a HeLa cell xenografted mouse model. This response is associated with the induction of senescence and apoptosis. Transcriptomic analysis of 20A treated cells reveals a significant functional enrichment of biological pathways related to growth arrest, DNA damage response and the lysosomal pathway. 20A elicits global DNA damage but not telomeric damage and activates the ATM and autophagy pathways. Loss of ATM following 20A treatment inhibits both autophagy and senescence and sensitizes cells to death. Moreover, disruption of autophagy by deletion of two essential autophagy genes ATG5 and ATG7 leads to failure of CHK1 activation by 20A and subsequently increased cell death. Our results, therefore, identify the activation of ATM by 20A as a critical player in the balance between senescence and apoptosis and autophagy as one of the key mediators of such regulation. Thus, targeting the ATM/autophagy pathway might be a promising strategy to achieve the maximal anticancer effect of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Beauvarlet
- Institut Bergonié, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1218, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul Bensadoun
- Institut Bergonié, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1218, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Darbo
- Institut Bergonié, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1218, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux, université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux France
| | - Gaelle Labrunie
- Institut Bergonié, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1218, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- ARNA Laboratory, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Benoît Rousseau
- Service commun des animaleries, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Richard
- Institut Bergonié, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1218, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Irena Draskovic
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Arturo Londono-Vallejo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-William Dupuy
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Plateforme Protéome, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rabindra Nath Das
- ARNA Laboratory, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Aurore Guédin
- ARNA Laboratory, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Guillaume Robert
- Inserm U1065, C3M, Team: Myeloid Malignancies and Multiple Myeloma, Université Côte d’Azur, F-06204 Nice, France
| | - Francois Orange
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée (CCMA), 06108 Nice, France
| | - Sabrina Croce
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Valerie Valesco
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Soubeyran
- Institut Bergonié, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1218, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G611BD, UK and Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow,Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- ARNA Laboratory, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, F-33600, Pessac, France
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Muoio D, Berardinelli F, Leone S, Coluzzi E, di Masi A, Doria F, Freccero M, Sgura A, Folini M, Antoccia A. Naphthalene diimide-derivatives G-quadruplex ligands induce cell proliferation inhibition, mild telomeric dysfunction and cell cycle perturbation in U251MG glioma cells. FEBS J 2018; 285:3769-3785. [PMID: 30095224 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, the biological effects of three different naphthalene diimides (NDIs) G-quadruplex (G4) ligands (H-NDI-Tyr, H-NDI-NMe2, and tetra-NDI-NMe2) were comparatively evaluated to those exerted by RHPS4, a well-characterized telomeric G4-ligand, in an in vitro model of glioblastoma. Data indicated that NDIs were very effective in blocking cell proliferation at nanomolar concentrations, although displaying a lower specificity for telomere targeting compared to RHPS4. In addition, differently from RHPS4, NDIs failed to enhance the effect of ionizing radiation, thus suggesting that additional targets other than telomeres could be involved in the strong NDI-mediated anti-proliferative effects. In order to test telomeric off-target action of NDIs, a panel of genes involved in tumor progression, DNA repair, telomere maintenance, and cell-cycle regulation were evaluated at transcriptional and translational level. Specifically, the compounds were able to cause a marked reduction of TERT and BCL2 amounts as well as to favor the accumulation of proteins involved in cell cycle control. A detailed cytofluorimetric analysis of cell cycle progression by means of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and staining of phospho-histone H3 indicated that NDIs greatly reduce the progression through S-phase and lead to G1 accumulation of BrdU-positive cells. Taken together, these data indicated that, besides effects on telomeres and oncogenes such as Tert and Bcl2, nanomolar concentrations of NDIs determined a sustained block of cell proliferation by slowing down cell cycle progression during S-phase. In conclusion, our data indicate that NDIs G4-ligands are powerful antiproliferative agents, which act through mechanisms that ultimately lead to altered cell-cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Folini
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Applicata e Sviluppo Tecnologico, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di MIlano, Milano, Italy
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11
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Piekna-Przybylska D, Maggirwar SB. CD4+ memory T cells infected with latent HIV-1 are susceptible to drugs targeting telomeres. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2187-2203. [PMID: 30198385 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1520568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The population of HIV reservoir in infected person is very small, but extremely long-lived and is a major obstacle for an HIV cure. We previously showed that cells with established HIV latency have deficiencies in DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we investigated ability of HIV-1 to interfere with telomere maintenance, and the effects of targeting telomeres on latently infected cells. Our results show that telomeres are elongated in cultured primary memory CD4 + T cells (TCM) after HIV-1 infection and when virus latency is established. Similarly, much longer telomeres were found in several Jurkat-derived latently infected cell lines, indicating that virus stimulates telomere elongation. Exposing primary CD4+ TCM cells to BRACO19, an agent targeting telomeres, resulted in a higher rate of apoptosis for infected cultures at day 3 post-infection, during HIV-1 latency and for PMA-stimulated cultures with low level of HIV-1 reactivation. Importantly, BRACO19 induced apoptosis in infected cells with potency similar to etoposide and camptothecin, whereas uninfected cells were less affected by BRACO19. We also determined that apoptosis induced by BRACO19 is not caused by telomeres shortening, but is related to formation of gamma-H2AX, implicating DNA damage or uncapping of telomeres, which triggers genome instability. In conclusion, our results indicate that HIV-1 stimulates telomere elongation during latency, suggesting that HIV reservoir has greater capacity for clonal expansion and extended lifespan. Higher rates of apoptosis in response to BRACO19 treatment suggest that HIV reservoirs are more susceptible to targeting telomere maintenance and to inhibitors targeting DDR, which is also involved in stabilizing telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Piekna-Przybylska
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Sanjay B Maggirwar
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
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12
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Ma Y, Tsushima Y, Sakuma M, Sasaki S, Iida K, Okabe S, Seimiya H, Hirokawa T, Nagasawa K. Development of G-quadruplex ligands for selective induction of a parallel-type topology. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7375-7382. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01702f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Parallel type of topology in G4 is selectively induced by tetra-guanidinylalkyl substituted 6OTD derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Technology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Yamato Tsushima
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Technology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Mai Sakuma
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Technology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Shogo Sasaki
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Technology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Keisuke Iida
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-8522
- Japan
| | - Sachiko Okabe
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center
- Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
- Koto-ward
- Tokyo 135-8550
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center
- Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
- Koto-ward
- Tokyo 135-8550
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Transborder Medical Research Center
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba, 305-8575
- Japan
- Division of Biomedical Science
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Technology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
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13
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Abstract
It is well known that a decreased expression or inhibited activity of telomerase in cancer cells is accompanied by an increased sensitivity to some drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, cisplatin, or 5-fluorouracil). However, the mechanism of the resistance resulting from telomerase alteration remains elusive. There are theories claiming that it might be associated with telomere shortening, genome instability, hTERT translocation, mitochondria functioning modulation, or even alterations in ABC family gene expression. However, association of those mechanisms, i.e., drug resistance and telomerase alterations, is not fully understood yet. We review the current theories on the aspect of the role of telomerase in cancer cells resistance to therapy. We believe that revealing/unravelling this correlation might significantly contribute to an increased efficiency of cancer cells elimination, especially the most difficult ones, i.e., drug resistant.
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14
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Dolinnaya NG, Ogloblina AM, Yakubovskaya MG. Structure, Properties, and Biological Relevance of the DNA and RNA G-Quadruplexes: Overview 50 Years after Their Discovery. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1602-1649. [PMID: 28260487 PMCID: PMC7087716 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916130034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s), which are known to have important roles in regulation of key biological processes in both normal and pathological cells, are the most actively studied non-canonical structures of nucleic acids. In this review, we summarize the results of studies published in recent years that change significantly scientific views on various aspects of our understanding of quadruplexes. Modern notions on the polymorphism of DNA quadruplexes, on factors affecting thermodynamics and kinetics of G4 folding–unfolding, on structural organization of multiquadruplex systems, and on conformational features of RNA G4s and hybrid DNA–RNA G4s are discussed. Here we report the data on location of G4 sequence motifs in the genomes of eukaryotes, bacteria, and viruses, characterize G4-specific small-molecule ligands and proteins, as well as the mechanisms of their interactions with quadruplexes. New information on the structure and stability of G4s in telomeric DNA and oncogene promoters is discussed as well as proof being provided on the occurrence of G-quadruplexes in cells. Prominence is given to novel experimental techniques (single molecule manipulations, optical and magnetic tweezers, original chemical approaches, G4 detection in situ, in-cell NMR spectroscopy) that facilitate breakthroughs in the investigation of the structure and functions of G-quadruplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Dolinnaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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15
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Tang YL, Liu X, Gao SY, Feng H, Jiang YP, Wang SS, Yang J, Jiang J, Ma XR, Tang YJ, Chen Y, Liang XH. WIP1 stimulates migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by inducing MMP-9 and VEGF-C. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9031-44. [PMID: 25797250 PMCID: PMC4496200 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The wild-type p53 induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1) is an oncogene overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. Here, we demonstrated that WIP1 silencing reduced MMP-9 and VEGF-C expression as well as migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) cells. Overexpression of MMP-9 or VEGF-C restored migration and invasion in WIP1 knockdown cells, indicating that MMP-9 and VEGF-C are downstream targets of WIP1 signaling. Levels of cyclin D1 and c-Myc, targets of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, were significantly decreased by WIP1 silencing. In addition, WIP1 expression was positively associated with metastasis and prognosis of ACC patients as well as with MMP-9 or VEGF-C in ACC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ling Tang
- Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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16
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Gouda AS, Amine MS, Pedersen EB. Synthesis of New DNA G-Quadruplex Constructs with Anthraquinone Insertions and Their Anticoagulant Activity. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Platinum(II) phenanthroimidazole G-quadruplex ligand induces selective telomere shortening in A549 cancer cells. Biochimie 2015; 121:287-97. [PMID: 26724375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Telomere maintenance, achieved by the binding of protective shelterin capping proteins to telomeres and by either telomerase or a recombination-based alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) mechanism, is critical for cell proliferation and survival. Extensive telomere shortening or loss of telomere integrity activates DNA damage checkpoints, leading to cell senescence or death. Although telomerase upregulation is an attractive target for anti-cancer therapy, the lag associated with telomere shortening and the potential activation of ALT pose a challenge. An alternative approach is to modify telomere interactions with binding proteins (telomere uncapping). G-quadruplex ligands stabilize structures generated from single-stranded G-rich 3'-telomere end (G-quadruplex) folding, which in principle, cannot be elongated by telomerase, thus leading to telomere shortening. Ligands can also mediate rapid anti-proliferative effects by telomere uncapping. We previously reported that the G-quadruplex ligand, phenylphenanthroimidazole ethylenediamine platinum(II) (PIP), inhibits telomerase activity in vitro[47]. In the current study, a long-term seeding assay showed that PIP significantly inhibited the seeding capacity of A549 lung cancer cells and to a lesser extent primary MRC5 fibroblast cells. Importantly, treatment with PIP caused a significant dose- and time-dependent decrease in average telomere length of A549 but not MRC5 cells. Moreover, cell cycle analysis revealed a significant increase in G1 arrest upon treatment of A549 cells, but not MRC5 cells. Both apoptosis and cellular senescence may contribute to the anti-proliferative effects of PIP. Our studies validate the development of novel and specific therapeutic ligands targeting telomeric G-quadruplex structures in cancer cells.
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18
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Yi W, Hu X, Chen Z, Liu L, Tian Y, Chen H, Cong YS, Yang F, Zhang L, Rudolph KL, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Ju Z. Phosphatase Wip1 controls antigen-independent B-cell development in a p53-dependent manner. Blood 2015; 126:620-8. [PMID: 26012568 PMCID: PMC4520877 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-02-624114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1), a phosphatase previously considered as an oncogene, has been implicated in the regulation of thymus homeostasis and neutrophil maturation. However, the role of Wip1 in B-cell development is unknown. We show that Wip1-deficient mice exhibit a significant reduction of B-cell numbers in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and spleen. A reciprocal transplantation approach revealed a cell-intrinsic defect in early B-cell precursors caused by Wip1 deficiency. Further experiments revealed that Wip1 deficiency led to a sustained activation of p53 in B cells, which led to increased level of apoptosis in the pre-B-cell compartment. Notably, the impairment of B-cell development in Wip1-deficient mice was completely rescued by genetic ablation of p53, but not p21. Therefore, loss of Wip1 phosphatase induces a p53-dependent, but p21-independent, mechanism that impairs B-cell development by enhancing apoptosis in early B-cell precursors. Moreover, Wip1 deficiency exacerbated a decline in B-cell development caused by aging as evidenced in mice with aging and mouse models with serial competitive bone marrow transplantation, respectively. Our present data indicate that Wip1 plays a critical role in maintaining antigen-independent B-cell development in the bone marrow and preventing an aging-related decline in B-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yi
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Hu
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Leiming Liu
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Cong
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
| | | | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Jeong HC, Gil NY, Lee HS, Cho SJ, Kim K, Chun KH, Cho H, Cha HJ. Timely Degradation of Wip1 Phosphatase by APC/C Activator Protein Cdh1 is Necessary for Normal Mitotic Progression. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1602-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chang Jeong
- College of Natural Sciences; Department of Life Sciences; Sogang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Gil
- College of Natural Sciences; Department of Life Sciences; Sogang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Ho-Soo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
- Genomic Instability Research Center; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Cho
- College of Natural Sciences; Department of Life Sciences; Sogang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- National Cancer Center; Goyang-si; Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; Gachon University; Incheon Korea
| | - Hyeseong Cho
- Department of Biochemistry; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
- Genomic Instability Research Center; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Natural Sciences; Department of Life Sciences; Sogang University; Seoul Korea
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20
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Lavrado J, Ohnmacht SA, Correia I, Leitão C, Pisco S, Gunaratnam M, Moreira R, Neidle S, Santos DJVAD, Paulo A. Indolo[3,2-c]quinoline G-quadruplex stabilizers: a structural analysis of binding to the human telomeric G-quadruplex. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:836-49. [PMID: 25820698 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A library of 5-methylindolo[3,2-c]quinolones (IQc) with various substitution patterns of alkyldiamine side chains were evaluated for G-quadruplex (G4) binding mode and efficiency. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer melting assays showed that IQcs with a positive charge in the heteroaromatic nucleus and two weakly basic side chains are potent and selective human telomeric (HT) and gene promoter G4 stabilizers. Spectroscopic studies with HT G4 as a model showed that an IQc stabilizing complex involves the binding of two IQc molecules (2,9-bis{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-5-methyl-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinolin-5-ium chloride, 3 d) per G4 unit, in two non-independent but equivalent binding sites. Molecular dynamics studies suggest that end-stacking of 3 d induces a conformational rearrangement in the G4 structure, driving the binding of a second 3 d ligand to a G4 groove. Modeling studies also suggest that 3 d, with two three-carbon side chains, has the appropriate geometry to participate in direct or water-mediated hydrogen bonding to the phosphate backbone and/or G4 loops, assisted by the terminal nitrogen atoms of the side chains. Additionally, antiproliferative studies showed that IQc compounds 2 d (2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-5-methyl-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinolin-5-ium chloride) and 3 d are 7- to 12-fold more selective for human malignant cell lines than for nonmalignant fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lavrado
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon (Portugal).
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21
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Targeting G-quadruplex nucleic acids with heterocyclic alkaloids and their derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 97:538-51. [PMID: 25466923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
G-Quadruplex nucleic acids or G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded DNA or RNA secondary structures that are formed in guanine-rich sequences. They are widely distributed in functional regions of the human genome, such as telomeres, ribosomal DNA (rDNA), transcription start sites, promoter regions and untranslated regions of mRNA, suggesting that G-quadruplex structures may play a pivotal role in the control of a variety of cellular processes. G-Quadruplexes are viewed as valid therapeutic targets in human cancer diseases. Small molecules, from naturally occurring to synthetic, are exploited to specifically target G-quadruplexes and have proven to be a new class of anticancer agents. Notably, alkaloids are an important source of G-quadruplex ligands and have significant bioactivities in anticancer therapy. In this review, the authors provide a brief, up-to-date summary of heterocyclic alkaloids and their derivatives targeting G-quadruplexes.
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22
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Wang W, Zhu H, Zhang H, Zhang L, Ding Q, Jiang H. Targeting PPM1D by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference inhibits the tumorigenicity of bladder cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:1044-9. [PMID: 25387670 PMCID: PMC4244669 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase magnesium/manganese-dependent 1D (PPM1D) is a
p53-induced phosphatase that functions as a negative regulator of stress response
pathways and has oncogenic properties. However, the functional role of
PPM1D in bladder cancer (BC) remains largely unknown. In the
present study, lentivirus vectors carrying small hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting
PPM1D were used to explore the effects of PPM1D
knockdown on BC cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. shRNA-mediated knockdown of
PPM1D significantly inhibited cell growth and colony forming
ability in the BC cell lines 5637 and T24. Flow cytometric analysis showed that
PPM1D silencing increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1
phase. Downregulation of PPM1D also inhibited 5637 cell
tumorigenicity in nude mice. The results of the present study suggest that
PPM1D plays a potentially important role in BC tumorigenicity,
and lentivirus-mediated delivery of shRNA against PPM1D might be a
promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Zhu
- Department of the Intensive Care Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Ding
- Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Jiang
- Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Dong DW, Pereira F, Barrett SP, Kolesar JE, Cao K, Damas J, Yatsunyk LA, Johnson FB, Kaufman BA. Association of G-quadruplex forming sequences with human mtDNA deletion breakpoints. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:677. [PMID: 25124333 PMCID: PMC4153896 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions cause disease and accumulate during aging, yet our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their formation remains rudimentary. Guanine-quadruplex (GQ) DNA structures are associated with nuclear DNA instability in cancer; recent evidence indicates they can also form in mitochondrial nucleic acids, suggesting that these non-B DNA structures could be associated with mtDNA deletions. Currently, the multiple types of GQ sequences and their association with human mtDNA stability are unknown. RESULTS Here, we show an association between human mtDNA deletion breakpoint locations (sites where DNA ends rejoin after deletion of a section) and sequences with G-quadruplex forming potential (QFP), and establish the ability of selected sequences to form GQ in vitro. QFP contain four runs of either two or three consecutive guanines (2G and 3G, respectively), and we identified four types of QFP for subsequent analysis: intrastrand 2G, intrastrand 3G, duplex derived interstrand (ddi) 2G, and ddi 3G QFP sequences. We analyzed the position of each motif set relative to either 5' or 3' unique mtDNA deletion breakpoints, and found that intrastrand QFP sequences, but not ddi QFP sequences, showed significant association with mtDNA deletion breakpoint locations. Moreover, a large proportion of these QFP sequences occur at smaller distances to breakpoints relative to distribution-matched controls. The positive association of 2G QFP sequences persisted when breakpoints were divided into clinical subgroups. We tested in vitro GQ formation of representative mtDNA sequences containing these 2G QFP sequences and detected robust GQ structures by UV-VIS and CD spectroscopy. Notably, the most frequent deletion breakpoints, including those of the "common deletion", are bounded by 2G QFP sequence motifs. CONCLUSIONS The potential for GQ to influence mitochondrial genome stability supports a high-priority investigation of these structures and their regulation in normal and pathological mitochondrial biology. These findings emphasize the potential importance of helicases that subsequently resolve GQ to maintain the stability of the mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brett A Kaufman
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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24
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Müller S, Rodriguez R. G-quadruplex interacting small molecules and drugs: from bench toward bedside. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 7:663-79. [DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2014.945909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Small-molecule quadruplex-targeted drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2602-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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26
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Czerwinska I, Sato S, Juskowiak B, Takenaka S. Interactions of cyclic and non-cyclic naphthalene diimide derivatives with different nucleic acids. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2593-601. [PMID: 24726302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, strategy based on stabilization of G-quadruplex telomeric DNA by small organic molecule has been realized by naphthalene diimide derivatives (NDIs). At the same time NDIs bind to DNA duplex as threading intercalators. Here we present cyclic derivative of naphthalene diimide (ligand 1) as DNA-binding ligand with ability to recognition of different structures of telomeric G-quadruplexes and ability to bis-intercalate to double-stranded helixes. The results have been compared to non-cyclic derivative (ligand 2) and revealed that preferential binding of ligands to nucleic acids strongly depends on their topology and structural features of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Czerwinska
- Research Center for Bio-microsensing Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan.
| | - Shinobu Sato
- Research Center for Bio-microsensing Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Bernard Juskowiak
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Shigeori Takenaka
- Research Center for Bio-microsensing Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
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27
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Maji B, Bhattacharya S. Advances in the molecular design of potential anticancer agents via targeting of human telomeric DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6422-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is an attractive drug target to develop new generation drugs against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Maji
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012, India
- Chemical Biology Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
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28
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Percivalle C, Sissi C, Greco ML, Musetti C, Mariani A, Artese A, Costa G, Perrore ML, Alcaro S, Freccero M. Aryl ethynyl anthraquinones: a useful platform for targeting telomeric G-quadruplex structures. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3744-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00220b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2,7-Diaryl ethynyl anthraquinones have been synthesized by Sonogashira cross-coupling and evaluated as telomeric G-quadruplex ligands, with good G-quadruplex/duplex selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Sissi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences
- 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Greco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences
- 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Musetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences
- 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute
- Universitá di Catanzaro
- 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute
- Universitá di Catanzaro
- 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute
- Universitá di Catanzaro
- 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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29
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Roembke BT, Nakayama S, Sintim HO. Nucleic acid detection using G-quadruplex amplification methodologies. Methods 2013; 64:185-98. [PMID: 24135042 PMCID: PMC7129037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been an explosion in the use of G-quadruplex labels to detect various analytes, including DNA/RNA, proteins, metals and other metabolites. In this review, we focus on strategies for the detection of nucleic acids, using G-quadruplexes as detection labels or as enzyme labels that amplify detection signals. Methods to detect other analytes are briefly mentioned. We highlight various strategies, including split G-quadruplex, hemin-G-quadruplex conjugates, molecular beacon G-quadruplex or inhibited G-quadruplex probes. The tandem use of G-quadruplex labels with various DNA-modifying enzymes, such as polymerases (used for rolling circle amplification), exonucleases and endonucleases, is also discussed. Some of the detection modalities that are discussed in this review include fluorescence, colorimetric, chemiluminescence, and electrochemical methods.
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30
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McLuckie KE, Di Antonio M, Zecchini H, Xian J, Caldas C, Krippendorff BF, Tannahill D, Lowe C, Balasubramanian S. G-quadruplex DNA as a molecular target for induced synthetic lethality in cancer cells. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9640-3. [PMID: 23782415 PMCID: PMC3964824 DOI: 10.1021/ja404868t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic lethality is a genetic concept in which cell death is induced by the combination of mutations in two sensitive genes, while mutation of either gene alone is not sufficient to affect cell survival. Synthetic lethality can also be achieved "chemically" by combination of drug-like molecules targeting distinct but cooperative pathways. Previously, we reported that the small molecule pyridostatin (PDS) stabilizes G-quadruplexes (G4s) in cells and elicits a DNA damage response by causing the formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Cell death mediated by ligand-induced G4 stabilization can be potentiated in cells deficient in DNA damage repair genes. Here, we demonstrate that PDS acts synergistically both with NU7441, an inhibitor of the DNA-PK kinase crucial for nonhomologous end joining repair of DNA DSBs, and BRCA2-deficient cells that are genetically impaired in homologous recombination-mediated DSB repair. G4 targeting ligands have potential as cancer therapeutic agents, acting synergistically with inhibition or mutation of the DNA damage repair machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith
I. E. McLuckie
- Cancer Research UK
Cambridge
Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United
Kingdom
| | - Marco Di Antonio
- Cancer Research UK
Cambridge
Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United
Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry,
University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Zecchini
- Cancer Research UK
Cambridge
Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United
Kingdom
| | - Jian Xian
- Cancer Research UK
Cambridge
Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United
Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University
of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK
Cambridge
Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United
Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University
of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ben-Fillippo Krippendorff
- Cancer Research UK
Cambridge
Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United
Kingdom
| | - David Tannahill
- Cancer Research UK
Cambridge
Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United
Kingdom
| | - Christopher Lowe
- Department of Chemistry,
University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Cancer Research UK
Cambridge
Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United
Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry,
University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical Medicine, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, United Kingdom
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31
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Micco M, Collie GW, Dale AG, Ohnmacht SA, Pazitna I, Gunaratnam M, Reszka AP, Neidle S. Structure-based design and evaluation of naphthalene diimide G-quadruplex ligands as telomere targeting agents in pancreatic cancer cells. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2959-74. [PMID: 23514618 DOI: 10.1021/jm301899y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetra-substituted naphthalene diimide (ND) derivatives with positively charged termini are potent stabilizers of human telomeric and gene promoter DNA quadruplexes and inhibit the growth of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study reports the enhancement of the pharmacological properties of earlier ND compounds using structure-based design. Crystal structures of three complexes with human telomeric intramolecular quadruplexes demonstrate that two of the four strongly basic N-methyl-piperazine groups can be replaced by less basic morpholine groups with no loss of intermolecular interactions in the grooves of the quadruplex. The new compounds retain high affinity to human telomeric quadruplex DNA but are 10-fold more potent against the MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell line, with IC50 values of ~10 nM. The lead compound induces cellular senescence but does not inhibit telomerase activity at the nanomolar dosage levels required for inhibition of cellular proliferation. Gene array qPCR analysis of MIA PaCa-2 cells treated with the lead compound revealed significant dose-dependent modulation of a distinct subset of genes, including strong induction of DNA damage responsive genes CDKN1A, DDIT3, GADD45A/G, and PPM1D, and repression of genes involved in telomere maintenance, including hPOT1 and PARP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Micco
- The School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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