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Yin L, Jiang N, Li T, Zhang Y, Yuan S. Telomeric function and regulation during male meiosis in mice and humans. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 38511802 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are unique structures situated at the ends of chromosomes. Preserving the structure and function of telomeres is essential for maintaining genomic stability and promoting genetic diversity during male meiosis in mammals. MATERIAL-METHODS This review compiled recent literature on the function and regulation of telomeres during male meiosis in both mice and humans, and also highlighted the critical roles of telomeres in reproductive biology and medicine. RESULTS-DISCUSSION Various structures, consisting of the LINC complex (SUN-KASH), SPDYA-CDK2, TTM trimer (TERB1-TERB2-MAJIN), and shelterin, are critical in controlling telomeric activities, such as nuclear envelope attachment and bouquet formation. Other than telomere-related proteins, cohesins and genes responsible for regulating telomere function are also highlighted, though the exact mechanism remains unclear. The gene-mutant mouse models with meiotic defects directly reveal the essential roles of telomeres in male meiosis. Recently reported mutant genes associated with telomere activity in clinical practice have also been illustrated in detail. CONCLUSIONS Proper regulation of telomere activities is essential for male meiosis progression in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Yin
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology; Hubei Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of South Hubei Province, Xianning, China
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhao J, Ji Z, Meng G, Luo J, Zhang Y, Ou N, Bai H, Tian R, Zhi E, Huang Y, Liu N, He W, Tan Y, Li Z, Yao C, Li P. Identification of a missense variant of MND1 in meiotic arrest and non-obstructive azoospermia. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:729-735. [PMID: 37365320 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-023-01172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic arrest is a common pathologic phenotype of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), yet its genetic causes require further investigation. Meiotic nuclear divisions 1 (MND1) has been proved to be indispensable for meiotic recombination in many species. To date, only one variant of MND1 has been reported associated with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), yet there has been no report of variants in MND1 associated with NOA. Herein, we identified a rare homozygous missense variant (NM_032117:c.G507C:p.W169C) of MND1 in two NOA-affected patients from one Chinese family. Histological analysis and immunohistochemistry demonstrated meiotic arrest at zygotene-like stage in prophase I and lack of spermatozoa in the proband's seminiferous tubules. In silico modeling demonstrated that this variant might cause possible conformational change in the leucine zippers 3 with capping helices (LZ3wCH) domain of MND1-HOP2 complex. Altogether, our study demonstrated that the MND1 variant (c.G507C) is likely responsible for human meiotic arrest and NOA. And our study provides new insights into the genetic etiology of NOA and mechanisms of homologous recombination repair in male meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Department of ART, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhiyong Ji
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Guiquan Meng
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jiaqiang Luo
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Department of ART, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Department of ART, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ningjing Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Department of ART, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Haowei Bai
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Department of ART, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ruhui Tian
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Department of ART, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Erlei Zhi
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Department of ART, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Department of ART, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Nachuan Liu
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Department of ART, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wenbin He
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yueqiu Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Department of ART, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Chencheng Yao
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Department of ART, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Department of ART, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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3
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Tsubouchi H. The Hop2-Mnd1 Complex and Its Regulation of Homologous Recombination. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040662. [PMID: 37189409 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for meiosis in most sexually reproducing organisms, where it is induced upon entry into meiotic prophase. Meiotic HR is conducted by the collaborative effort of proteins responsible for DNA double-strand break repair and those produced specifically during meiosis. The Hop2-Mnd1 complex was originally identified as a meiosis-specific factor that is indispensable for successful meiosis in budding yeast. Later, it was found that Hop2-Mnd1 is conserved from yeasts to humans, playing essential roles in meiosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that Hop2-Mnd1 promotes RecA-like recombinases towards homology search/strand exchange. This review summarizes studies on the mechanism of the Hop2-Mnd1 complex in promoting HR and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Tsubouchi
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Kanagawa, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Kanagawa, Japan
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Emmenecker C, Mézard C, Kumar R. Repair of DNA double-strand breaks in plant meiosis: role of eukaryotic RecA recombinases and their modulators. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2023; 36:17-41. [PMID: 35641832 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-022-00443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Homologous recombination during meiosis is crucial for the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair that promotes the balanced segregation of homologous chromosomes and enhances genetic variation. In most eukaryotes, two recombinases RAD51 and DMC1 form nucleoprotein filaments on single-stranded DNA generated at DSB sites and play a central role in the meiotic DSB repair and genome stability. These nucleoprotein filaments perform homology search and DNA strand exchange to initiate repair using homologous template-directed sequences located elsewhere in the genome. Multiple factors can regulate the assembly, stability, and disassembly of RAD51 and DMC1 nucleoprotein filaments. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the meiotic functions of RAD51 and DMC1 and the role of their positive and negative modulators. We discuss the current models and regulators of homology searches and strand exchange conserved during plant meiosis. Manipulation of these repair factors during plant meiosis also holds a great potential to accelerate plant breeding for crop improvements and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Côme Emmenecker
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78000, Versailles, France
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Christine Mézard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78000, Versailles, France.
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78000, Versailles, France.
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5
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Liu M, Liu S, Song C, Zhu H, Wu B, Zhang A, Zhao H, Wen Z, Gao J. Pre-meiotic deletion of PEX5 causes spermatogenesis failure and infertility in mice. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13365. [PMID: 36433756 PMCID: PMC9977671 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are involved in the regulation of various pathological processes. Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5), which plays an essential role in peroxisomal biogenesis, is critical for reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. However, its underlying functions in spermatogenesis have not yet been identified. Pex5 was deleted by crossing Stra8-Cre mice with Pex5flox/flox mice before the onset of meiosis. The morphology of testes and epididymides, spermatogenesis function, and fertility in both wild type (WT) and Pex5-/- mice were analysed by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunofluorescent staining. Mechanism of PEX5 affecting peroxisomes and spermatogenesis were validated by Western blot and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to profile the dysregulated genes in testes from WT and Pex5-/- mice on postnatal day (P) 35. The adult Pex5 knockout male mice were completely sterile with no mature sperm production. Loss of Pex5 in spermatocytes resulted in multinucleated giant cell formation, meiotic arrest, abnormal tubulin expression, and deformed acrosome formation. Furthermore, Pex5 deletion led to delayed DNA double-strand break repair and improper crossover at the pachytene stage. Impaired peroxisome function in Pex5 knockout mice induced ROS redundancy, which in turn led to an increase in germ cell apoptosis and a decline in autophagy. Pex5 regulates ROS during meiosis and is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuangyuan Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chenyang Song
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongzhuang Wen
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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6
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Daradur J, Kesserwan M, Freese NH, Loraine AE, Riggs CD. Genomic targets of HOP2 are enriched for features found at recombination hotspots. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.25.525520. [PMID: 36747711 PMCID: PMC9900786 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.525520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
HOP2 is a conserved protein that plays a positive role in homologous chromosome pairing and a separable role in preventing illegitimate connections between nonhomologous chromosome regions during meiosis. We employed ChIP-seq to discover that Arabidopsis HOP2 binds along the length of all chromosomes, except for centromeric and nucleolar organizer regions, and no binding sites were detected in the organelle genomes. A large number of reads were assigned to the HOP2 locus itself, yet TAIL-PCR and SNP analysis of the aligned sequences indicate that many of these reads originate from the transforming T-DNA, supporting the role of HOP2 in preventing nonhomologous exchanges. The 292 ChIP-seq peaks are largely found in promoter regions and downstream from genes, paralleling the distribution of recombination hotspots, and motif analysis revealed that there are several conserved sequences that are also enriched at crossover sites. We conducted coimmunoprecipitation of HOP2 followed by LC-MS/MS and found enrichment for several proteins, including some histone variants and modifications that are also known to be associated with recombination hotspots. We propose that HOP2 may be directed to chromatin motifs near double strand breaks, where homology checks are proposed to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenya Daradur
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Mohamad Kesserwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Nowlan H. Freese
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Charlotte, N.C. USA
| | - Ann E. Loraine
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Charlotte, N.C. USA
| | - C. Daniel Riggs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C1A4, Canada
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Farahani-Tafreshi Y, Wei C, Gan P, Daradur J, Riggs CD, Hasenkampf CA. The Arabidopsis HOP2 gene has a role in preventing illegitimate connections between nonhomologous chromosome regions. Chromosome Res 2022; 30:59-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10577-021-09681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Beyond the Double-Strand Breaks: The Role of DNA Repair Proteins in Cancer Stem-Cell Regulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194818. [PMID: 34638302 PMCID: PMC8508278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a tumor cell population maintaining tumor growth and promoting tumor relapse if not wholly eradicated during treatment. CSCs are often equipped with molecular mechanisms making them resistant to conventional anti-cancer therapies whose curative potential depends on DNA damage-induced cell death. An elevated expression of some key DNA repair proteins is one of such defense mechanisms. However, new research reveals that the role of critical DNA repair proteins is extending far beyond the DNA repair mechanisms. This review discusses the diverse biological functions of DNA repair proteins in CSC maintenance and the adaptation to replication and oxidative stress, anti-cancer immune response, epigenetic reprogramming, and intracellular signaling mechanisms. It also provides an overview of their potential therapeutic targeting. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are pluripotent and highly tumorigenic cells that can re-populate a tumor and cause relapses even after initially successful therapy. As with tissue stem cells, CSCs possess enhanced DNA repair mechanisms. An active DNA damage response alleviates the increased oxidative and replicative stress and leads to therapy resistance. On the other hand, mutations in DNA repair genes cause genomic instability, therefore driving tumor evolution and developing highly aggressive CSC phenotypes. However, the role of DNA repair proteins in CSCs extends beyond the level of DNA damage. In recent years, more and more studies have reported the unexpected role of DNA repair proteins in the regulation of transcription, CSC signaling pathways, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, DNA damage signaling plays an essential role in the immune response towards tumor cells. Due to its high importance for the CSC phenotype and treatment resistance, the DNA damage response is a promising target for individualized therapies. Furthermore, understanding the dependence of CSC on DNA repair pathways can be therapeutically exploited to induce synthetic lethality and sensitize CSCs to anti-cancer therapies. This review discusses the different roles of DNA repair proteins in CSC maintenance and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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9
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Wang Y, Guo T, Ke H, Zhang Q, Li S, Luo W, Qin Y. Pathogenic variants of meiotic double strand break (DSB) formation genes PRDM9 and ANKRD31 in premature ovarian insufficiency. Genet Med 2021; 23:2309-2315. [PMID: 34257419 PMCID: PMC8629753 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The etiology of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is heterogeneous, and genetic factors account for 20–25% of the patients. The primordial follicle pool is determined by the meiosis process, which is initiated by programmed DNA double strand breaks (DSB) and homologous recombination. The objective of the study is to explore the role of DSB formation genes in POI pathogenesis. Methods Variants in DSB formation genes were analyzed from a database of exome sequencing in 1,030 patients with POI. The pathogenic effects of the potentially causative variants were verified by further functional studies. Results Three pathogenic heterozygous variants in PRDM9 and two in ANKRD31 were identified in seven patients. Functional studies showed the variants in PRDM9 impaired its methyltransferase activity, and the ANKRD31 variations disturbed its interaction with another DSB formation factor REC114 by haploinsufficiency effect, indicating the pathogenic effects of the two genes on ovarian function were dosage dependent. Conclusion Our study identified pathogenic variants of PRDM9 and ANKRD31 in POI patients, shedding new light on the contribution of meiotic DSB formation genes in ovarian development, further expanding the genetic architecture of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hanni Ke
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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10
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Oct4 confers stemness and radioresistance to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the homologous recombination factors PSMC3IP and RAD54L. Oncogene 2021; 40:4214-4228. [PMID: 34079088 PMCID: PMC8211562 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is often being diagnosed at an advanced stage, conferring a poor prognosis. The probability of local tumor control after radiotherapy depends on the eradication of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with activated DNA repair. This study provides evidence that the CSC-related transcription factor Oct4 contributes to HNSCC radioresistance by regulating DNA damage response and the CSC phenotype. Knockdown of Oct4 A isoform reduced self-renewal capacity in HNSCC and led to partial tumor cell radiosensitization caused by transcriptional downregulation of the cell cycle checkpoint kinases CHK1 and WEE1 and homologous recombination (HR) repair genes PSMC3IP and RAD54L. Besides, PARP inhibition with Olaparib selectively radiosensitized Oct4 A knockout, but not wild-type HNSCC cells. This finding links Oct4 A to the HR-mediated DNA repair mechanisms. In turn, knockdown of PSMC3IP and RAD54L reduced the HNSCC self-renewal capacity and clonogenic cell survival after irradiation, suggesting the interplay between DNA repair and the CSC phenotype. Similar to the effect of Oct4 knockdown, overexpression of Oct4 also resulted in significant HNSCC radiosensitization and increased DNA damage, suggesting that Oct4-dependent regulation of DNA repair depends on its fine-tuned expression. In line with this observation, HNSCC patients with high and low nuclear Oct4 expression at the invasive tumor front exhibited better loco-regional tumor control after postoperative radio(chemo)therapy compared to the intermediate expression subgroup. Thus, we found that the Oct4-driven transcriptional program plays a critical role in regulating HNSCC radioresistance, and a combination of radiotherapy with PARP inhibitors may induce synthetic lethality in Oct4-deregulated tumors.
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11
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Carver A, Zhang X. Rad51 filament dynamics and its antagonistic modulators. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 113:3-13. [PMID: 32631783 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rad51 recombinase is the central player in homologous recombination, the faithful repair pathway for double-strand breaks and key event during meiosis. Rad51 forms nucleoprotein filaments on single-stranded DNA, exposed by a double-strand break. These filaments are responsible for homology search and strand invasion, which lead to homology-directed repair. Due to its central roles in DNA repair and genome stability, Rad51 is modulated by multiple factors and post-translational modifications. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the dynamics of Rad51 filaments, the roles of other factors and their modes of action in modulating key stages of Rad51 filaments: formation, stability and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Carver
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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12
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Chernus JM, Sherman SL, Feingold E. Analyses stratified by maternal age and recombination further characterize genes associated with maternal nondisjunction of chromosome 21. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:591-609. [PMID: 33596328 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In our previous work, we performed the first genome-wide association study to find genetic risk factors for maternal nondisjunction of chromosome 21. The objective of the current work was to perform stratified analyses of the same dataset to further elucidate potential mechanisms of genetic risk factors. METHODS We focused on loci that were statistically significantly associated with maternal nondisjunction based on this same dataset in our previous study and performed stratified association analyses in seven subgroups defined by age and meiotic recombination profile. In each analysis, we contrasted a different subgroup of mothers with the same set of fathers, the mothers serving as cases (phenotype: meiotic nondisjunction of chromosome 21) and the fathers as controls. RESULTS Our stratified analyses identified several genes whose patterns of association are consistent with generalized effects across groups, as well as other genes that are consistent with specific effects in certain groups. CONCLUSIONS While our results are epidemiological in nature and cannot conclusively prove mechanisms, we identified a number of patterns that are consistent with specific mechanisms. In many cases those mechanisms are strongly supported by available literature on the associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Chernus
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie L Sherman
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Huang C, Guo T, Qin Y. Meiotic Recombination Defects and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652407. [PMID: 33763429 PMCID: PMC7982532 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is the depletion of ovarian function before 40 years of age due to insufficient oocyte formation or accelerated follicle atresia. Approximately 1–5% of women below 40 years old are affected by POI. The etiology of POI is heterogeneous, including genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, infection, iatrogenic factors, and environmental toxins. Genetic factors account for 20–25% of patients. However, more than half of the patients were idiopathic. With the widespread application of next-generation sequencing (NGS), the genetic spectrum of POI has been expanded, especially the latest identification in meiosis and DNA repair-related genes. During meiotic prophase I, the key processes include DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation and subsequent homologous recombination (HR), which are essential for chromosome segregation at the first meiotic division and genome diversity of oocytes. Many animal models with defective meiotic recombination present with meiotic arrest, DSB accumulation, and oocyte apoptosis, which are similar to human POI phenotype. In the article, based on different stages of meiotic recombination, including DSB formation, DSB end processing, single-strand invasion, intermediate processing, recombination, and resolution and essential proteins involved in synaptonemal complex (SC), cohesion complex, and fanconi anemia (FA) pathway, we reviewed the individual gene mutations identified in POI patients and the potential candidate genes for POI pathogenesis, which will shed new light on the genetic architecture of POI and facilitate risk prediction, ovarian protection, and early intervention for POI women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzi Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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14
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Chang HY, Lee CY, Lu CH, Lee W, Yang HL, Yeh HY, Li HW, Chi P. Microcephaly family protein MCPH1 stabilizes RAD51 filaments. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:9135-9146. [PMID: 32735676 PMCID: PMC7498314 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcephalin 1 (MCPH1) was identified from genetic mutations in patients with primary autosomal recessive microcephaly. In response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), MCPH1 forms damage-induced foci and recruits BRCA2-RAD51 complex, a key component of the DSB repair machinery for homologous recombination (HR), to damage sites. Accordingly, the efficiency of HR is significantly attenuated upon depletion of MCPH1. The biochemical characteristics of MCPH1 and its functional interaction with the HR machinery had remained unclear due to lack of highly purified MCPH1 recombinant protein for functional study. Here, we established a mammalian expression system to express and purify MCPH1 protein. We show that MCPH1 is a bona fide DNA-binding protein and provide direct biochemical analysis of this MCPH family protein. Furthermore, we reveal that MCPH1 directly interacts with RAD51 at multiple contact points, providing evidence for how MCPH1 physically engages with the HR machinery. Importantly, we demonstrate that MCPH1 enhances the stability of RAD51 on single-strand DNA, a prerequisite step for RAD51-mediated recombination. Single-molecule tethered particle motion analysis showed a ∼2-fold increase in the lifetime of RAD51-ssDNA filaments in the presence of MCPH1. Thus, our study demonstrates direct crosstalk between microcephaly protein MCPH1 and the recombination component RAD51 for DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yen Chang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Han-Lin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Yeh
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Peter Chi
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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15
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Shang Y, Huang T, Liu H, Liu Y, Liang H, Yu X, Li M, Zhai B, Yang X, Wei Y, Wang G, Chen Z, Wang S, Zhang L. MEIOK21: a new component of meiotic recombination bridges required for spermatogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:6624-6639. [PMID: 32463460 PMCID: PMC7337969 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) with homologous chromosomes is a hallmark of meiosis that is mediated by recombination ‘bridges’ between homolog axes. This process requires cooperation of DMC1 and RAD51 to promote homology search and strand exchange. The mechanism(s) regulating DMC1/RAD51-ssDNA nucleoprotein filament and the components of ‘bridges’ remain to be investigated. Here we show that MEIOK21 is a newly identified component of meiotic recombination bridges and is required for efficient formation of DMC1/RAD51 foci. MEIOK21 dynamically localizes on chromosomes from on-axis foci to ‘hanging foci’, then to ‘bridges’, and finally to ‘fused foci’ between homolog axes. Its chromosome localization depends on DSBs. Knockout of Meiok21 decreases the numbers of HSF2BP and DMC1/RAD51 foci, disrupting DSB repair, synapsis and crossover recombination and finally causing male infertility. Therefore, MEIOK21 is a novel recombination factor and probably mediates DMC1/RAD51 recruitment to ssDNA or their stability on chromosomes through physical interaction with HSF2BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Shang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yanlei Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Heng Liang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mengjing Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Binyuan Zhai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yudong Wei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zijiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shunxin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Liangran Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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16
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Hofstatter PG, Ribeiro GM, Porfírio‐Sousa AL, Lahr DJG. The Sexual Ancestor of all Eukaryotes: A Defense of the “Meiosis Toolkit”. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000037. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo G. Hofstatter
- Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociencias, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, A101. São Paulo, CEP.: 05508‐090, Brazil
| | - Giulia M. Ribeiro
- Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociencias, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, A101. São Paulo, CEP.: 05508‐090, Brazil
| | - Alfredo L. Porfírio‐Sousa
- Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociencias, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, A101. São Paulo, CEP.: 05508‐090, Brazil
| | - Daniel J. G. Lahr
- Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociencias, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, A101. São Paulo, CEP.: 05508‐090, Brazil
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17
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Tran TN, Martinez J, Schimenti JC. A predicted deleterious allele of the essential meiosis gene MND1, present in ~ 3% of East Asians, does not disrupt reproduction in mice. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:668-673. [PMID: 31393579 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a major health problem affecting ~15% of couples worldwide. Except for cases involving readily detectable chromosome aberrations, confident identification of a causative genetic defect is problematic. Despite the advent of genome sequencing for diagnostic purposes, the preponderance of segregating genetic variants complicates identification of culprit genetic alleles or mutations. Many algorithms have been developed to predict the effects of 'variants of unknown significance', typically single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but these predictions are not sufficiently accurate for clinical action. As part of a project to identify population variants that impact fertility, we have been generating clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 edited mouse models of suspect SNPs in genes that are known to be required for fertility in mice. Here, we present data on a non-synonymous (amino acid altering) SNP (rs140107488) in the meiosis gene Mnd1, which is predicted bioinformatically to be deleterious to protein function. We report that when modeled in mice, this allele (MND1K85M), which is present at an allele frequency of ~ 3% in East Asians, has no discernable effect upon fertility, fecundity or gametogenesis, although it may cause sex skewing of progeny from homozygous males. In sum, assuming the mouse model accurately reflects the impact of this variant in humans, rs140107488 appears to be a benign allele that can be eliminated or de-prioritized in clinical genomic analyses of infertility patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina N Tran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - John C Schimenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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18
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Two auxiliary factors promote Dmc1-driven DNA strand exchange via stepwise mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12062-12070. [PMID: 32414915 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917419117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a universal mechanism operating in somatic and germ-line cells, where it contributes to the maintenance of genome stability and ensures the faithful distribution of genetic material, respectively. The ability to identify and exchange the strands of two homologous DNA molecules lies at the heart of HR and is mediated by RecA-family recombinases. Dmc1 is a meiosis-specific RecA homolog in eukaryotes, playing a predominant role in meiotic HR. However, Dmc1 cannot function without its two major auxiliary factor complexes, Swi5-Sfr1 and Hop2-Mnd1. Through biochemical reconstitutions, we demonstrate that Swi5-Sfr1 and Hop2-Mnd1 make unique contributions to stimulate Dmc1-driven strand exchange in a synergistic manner. Mechanistically, Swi5-Sfr1 promotes establishment of the Dmc1 nucleoprotein filament, whereas Hop2-Mnd1 defines a critical, rate-limiting step in initiating strand exchange. Following execution of this function, we propose that Swi5-Sfr1 then promotes strand exchange with Hop2-Mnd1. Thus, our findings elucidate distinct yet complementary roles of two auxiliary factors in Dmc1-driven strand exchange, providing mechanistic insights into some of the most critical steps in meiotic HR.
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19
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A candidate gene analysis and GWAS for genes associated with maternal nondisjunction of chromosome 21. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008414. [PMID: 31830031 PMCID: PMC6932832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human nondisjunction errors in oocytes are the leading cause of pregnancy loss, and for pregnancies that continue to term, the leading cause of intellectual disabilities and birth defects. For the first time, we have conducted a candidate gene and genome-wide association study to identify genes associated with maternal nondisjunction of chromosome 21 as a first step to understand predisposing factors. A total of 2,186 study participants were genotyped on the HumanOmniExpressExome-8v1-2 array. These participants included 749 live birth offspring with standard trisomy 21 and 1,437 parents. Genotypes from the parents and child were then used to identify mothers with nondisjunction errors derived in the oocyte and to establish the type of error (meiosis I or meiosis II). We performed a unique set of subgroup comparisons designed to leverage our previous work suggesting that the etiologies of meiosis I and meiosis II nondisjunction differ for trisomy 21. For the candidate gene analysis, we selected genes associated with chromosome dynamics early in meiosis and genes associated with human global recombination counts. Several candidate genes showed strong associations with maternal nondisjunction of chromosome 21, demonstrating that genetic variants associated with normal variation in meiotic processes can be risk factors for nondisjunction. The genome-wide analysis also suggested several new potentially associated loci, although follow-up studies using independent samples are required. Approximately one of every 700 babies is born with trisomy 21—an extra copy of chromosome 21. Trisomy 21 is caused by the failure of chromosomes to segregate properly during meiosis, generally in the mother. Past studies have defined altered patterns of recombination along nondisjoined chromosomes as risk factors for human nondisjunction and model systems have clearly shown that specific genes involved recombination and other early meiotic processes play a role in the fidelity of chromosome segregation. However, no genome-wide genetic study (GWAS) has ever been conducted using maternal human nondisjunction as the disease phenotype. This study takes the first step to understand predisposing factors. We used chromosome 21 genotypes from the parents and child to identify mothers with nondisjunction errors derived in the oocyte and to establish the type of error (meiosis I or meiosis II). We then conducted a unique set of subgroup comparisons designed to leverage our previous work that shows that the etiologies of meiosis I and meiosis II nondisjunction differ for trisomy 21. Both the candidate gene study and the GWAS provide evidence that meiotic-specific structures and processes are vulnerable to genetic variants that lead to increased risk of human chromosome nondisjunction.
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20
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Zhang Y, Lin T, Lian N, Tao H, Li C, Li L, Yang X. Hop2 Interacts with ATF4 to Promote Osteoblast Differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:2287-2300. [PMID: 31433867 PMCID: PMC7422940 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a member of the basic leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor family required for the terminal differentiation of osteoblasts. Despite its critical importance as one of the three main osteoblast differentiation transcription factors, regulators of osteoblast terminal maturation remain poorly defined. Here we report the identification of homologous pairing protein 2 (Hop2) as a dimerization partner of ATF4 in osteoblasts via the yeast two-hybrid system. Deletional mapping revealed that the Zip domain of Hop2 is necessary and sufficient to bind ATF4 and to enhance ATF4-dependent transcription. Ectopic Hop2 expression in preosteoblasts increased endogenous ATF4 protein content and accelerated osteoblast differentiation. Mice lacking Hop2 (Hop2-/- ) have a normal stature but exhibit an osteopenic phenotype similar to the one observed in Atf4-/- mice, albeit milder, which is associated with decreased Osteocalcin mRNA expression and reduced type I collagen synthesis. Compound heterozygous mice (Atf4+/- :Hop2+/- ) display identical skeletal defects to those found in Hop2-/- mice. These results indicate that Hop2 plays a previous unknown role as a determinant of osteoblast maturation via its regulation of ATF4 transcriptional activity. Our work for the first time reveals a function of Hop2 beyond its role in guiding the alignment of homologous chromosomes. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tonghui Lin
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Na Lian
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huan Tao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TX, USA
| | - Cong Li
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lingzhen Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiangli Yang
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Crickard JB, Kwon Y, Sung P, Greene EC. Dynamic interactions of the homologous pairing 2 (Hop2)-meiotic nuclear divisions 1 (Mnd1) protein complex with meiotic presynaptic filaments in budding yeast. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:490-501. [PMID: 30420424 PMCID: PMC6333877 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a universally conserved DNA repair pathway that can result in the exchange of genetic material. In eukaryotes, HR has evolved into an essential step in meiosis. During meiosis many eukaryotes utilize a two-recombinase pathway. This system consists of Rad51 and the meiosis-specific recombinase Dmc1. Both recombinases have distinct activities during meiotic HR, despite being highly similar in sequence and having closely related biochemical activities, raising the question of how these two proteins can perform separate functions. A likely explanation for their differential regulation involves the meiosis-specific recombination proteins Hop2 and Mnd1, which are part of a highly conserved eukaryotic protein complex that participates in HR, albeit through poorly understood mechanisms. To better understand how Hop2-Mnd1 functions during HR, here we used DNA curtains in conjunction with single-molecule imaging to measure and quantify the binding of the Hop2-Mnd1 complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to recombination intermediates comprising Rad51- and Dmc1-ssDNA in real time. We found that yeast Hop2-Mnd1 bound rapidly to Dmc1-ssDNA filaments with high affinity and remained bound for ∼1.3 min before dissociating. We also observed that this binding interaction was highly specific for Dmc1 and found no evidence for an association of Hop2-Mnd1 with Rad51-ssDNA or RPA-ssDNA. Our findings provide new quantitative insights into the binding dynamics of Hop2-Mnd1 with the meiotic presynaptic complex. On the basis of these findings, we propose a model in which recombinase specificities for meiotic accessory proteins enhance separation of the recombinases' functions during meiotic HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brooks Crickard
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Youngho Kwon
- the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, and
- the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Patrick Sung
- the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, and
- the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Eric C Greene
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032,
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22
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Wang Y, Jin L, Ma J, Chen L, Fu Y, Long K, Hu S, Song Y, Shang D, Tang Q, Wang X, Li X, Li M. Hemicastration induced spermatogenesis-related DNA methylation and gene expression changes in mice testis. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 31:189-197. [PMID: 29059727 PMCID: PMC5767500 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Hemicastration is a unilateral orchiectomy to remove an injured testis, which can induce hormonal changes and compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining testis, and may influence spermatogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of hemicastration on remaining testicular function. Methods Prepubertal mice (age 24 days) were hemicastrated, and their growth was monitored until they reached physical maturity (age 72 days). Subsequently, we determined testis DNA methylation patterns using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing of normal and hemicastrated mice. Moreover, we profiled the testicular gene expression patterns by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to examine whether methylation changes affected gene expression in hemicastrated mice. Results Hemicastration did not significantly affect growth or testosterone (p>0.05) compared with control. The genome-wide DNA methylation pattern of remaining testis suggested that substantial genes harbored differentially methylated regions (1,139) in gene bodies, which were enriched in process of protein binding and cell adhesion. Moreover, RNA-seq results indicated that 46 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in meiotic cell cycle, synaptonemal complex assembly and spermatogenesis were upregulated in the hemicastration group, while 197 DEGs were downregulated, which were related to arachidonic acid metabolism. Integrative analysis revealed that proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 3 interacting protein gene, which encodes a protein crucial for homologous recombination in spermatocytes, exhibited promoter hypomethylation and higher expression level in hemicastrated mice. Conclusion Global profiling of DNA methylation and gene expression demonstrated that hemicastration-induced compensatory response maintained normal growth and testicular morphological structure in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Long Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhua Fu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Keren Long
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Silu Hu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Song
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dazhi Shang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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23
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Moktan H, Zhou DH. Wing 1 of protein HOP2 is as important as helix 3 in DNA binding by MD simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:1853-1866. [PMID: 28531371 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1333458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The repair of programmed DNA double-strand breaks through recombination is required for proper association and disjunction of the meiotic homologous chromosomes. Meiosis-specific protein HOP2 plays essential roles in recombination by promoting recombinase activities. The N-terminal domain of HOP2 interacts with DNA through helix 3 (H3) and wing 1 (W1). Mutations in wing 1 (Y65A/K67A/Q68A) slightly weakened the binding but mutations in helices 2 and 3 (Q30A/K44A/K49A) nearly abolished the binding. To better understand such differential effects at atomic level, molecular dynamics simulations were employed. Despite losing some hydrogen bonds, the W1-mutant DNA complex was rescued by stronger hydrophobic interactions. For the wild type and W1-mutant, the protein was found to slide along the DNA grooves as the DNA rolls along its double-helix axis. This motion could be functionally important to facilitate the precise positioning of the single-stranded DNA with the homologous double-stranded DNA. The sliding motion was reduced in the W1-mutant. The H-mutant nearly lost all intermolecular interactions. Moreover, an additional mutation in wing 1 (Y65A/K67A/Q68A/K69A) also caused complete complex dissociation. Therefore, both wing 1 and helix 3 make important contribution to the DNA binding, which could be important to the strand invasion function of HOP2 homodimer and HOP2-MND1 heterodimer. Similar to cocking a medieval crossbow with the archer's foot placed in the stirrup, wing 1 may push the minor groove to cause distortion while helix 3 grabs the major groove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Moktan
- a Department of Physics , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK , USA
| | - Donghua H Zhou
- a Department of Physics , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK , USA
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24
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Ni L, Xie H, Tan L. Multiple roles of FOXJ3 in spermatogenesis: A lesson from Foxj3 conditional knockout mouse models. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:1060-1069. [PMID: 27739607 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor FOXJ3 (Forkhead box J3) is highly expressed in spermatogonia and meiotic spermatocytes within mouse testes. Here, we addressed how FOXJ3 might participate in spermatogenesis using two conditional knockout mouse models in which Foxj3 was deleted from either spermatogonia or meiotic spermatocytes. Both models exhibited complete male sterility, but distinct etiologies: Deleting FOXJ3 from spermatogonia using Foxj3flox/flox , Mvh-Cre mice caused Sertoli-cell-only syndrome in males. Foxj3-deficient spermatogonia were lost as early as postnatal Day 4, partially due to the accumulation of DNA double-stranded breaks. In contrast, loss of FOXJ3 in spermatocytes using Foxj3flox/flox , Stra8-Cre mice led to meiotic arrest. Indeed, the mRNA abundance of meiotic arrest-related proteins (Rad51, Dmc1, Brca1, Brca2, Brit1, Eif4g3, Hop2, Hormad1, and Rnf212) was significantly reduced in Foxj3flox/flox , Stra8-Cre spermatocytes. Thus, we conclude that FOXJ3 is required for the survival of spermatogonia and participates in spermatocyte meiosis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 1060-1069, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ni
- Reproductive Medical Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhenghou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongchang Xie
- Kidney Transplant Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhenghou, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Tan
- Reproductive Medical Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhenghou, Henan Province, China
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25
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Kelso AA, Goodson SD, Chavan S, Say AF, Turchick A, Sharma D, Ledford LL, Ratterman E, Leskoske K, King AV, Attaway CC, Bandera Y, Foulger SH, Mazin AV, Temesvari LA, Sehorn MG. Characterization of the recombination activities of the Entamoeba histolytica Rad51 recombinase. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 210:71-84. [PMID: 27678398 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite responsible for human amoebiasis is Entamoeba histolytica. An important facet of the life cycle of E. histolytica involves the conversion of the mature trophozoite to a cyst. This transition is thought to involve homologous recombination (HR), which is dependent upon the Rad51 recombinase. Here, a biochemical characterization of highly purified ehRad51 protein is presented. The ehRad51 protein preferentially binds ssDNA, forms a presynaptic filament and possesses ATP hydrolysis activity that is stimulated by the presence of DNA. Evidence is provided that ehRad51 catalyzes robust DNA strand exchange over at least 5.4 kilobase pairs. Although the homologous DNA pairing activity of ehRad51 is weak, it is strongly enhanced by the presence of two HR accessory cofactors, calcium and Hop2-Mnd1. The biochemical system described herein was used to demonstrate the potential for targeting ehRad51 with two small molecule inhibitors of human RAD51. We show that 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) inhibited ehRad51 by interfering with DNA binding and attenuated encystation in Entamoeba invadens, while B02 had no effect on ehRad51 strand exchange activity. These results provide insight into the underlying mechanism of homology-directed DNA repair in E. histolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Kelso
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Steven D Goodson
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Suchitra Chavan
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Amanda F Say
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Audrey Turchick
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - LeAnna L Ledford
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Erin Ratterman
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Kristin Leskoske
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ada V King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - Yura Bandera
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Stephen H Foulger
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Alexander V Mazin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Lesly A Temesvari
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Clemson University School of Health Research, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Michael G Sehorn
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Clemson University School of Health Research, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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26
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Reappearance from Obscurity: Mammalian Rad52 in Homologous Recombination. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7090063. [PMID: 27649245 PMCID: PMC5042393 DOI: 10.3390/genes7090063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) plays an important role in maintaining genomic integrity. It is responsible for repair of the most harmful DNA lesions, DNA double-strand breaks and inter-strand DNA cross-links. HR function is also essential for proper segregation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis, maintenance of telomeres, and resolving stalled replication forks. Defects in HR often lead to genetic diseases and cancer. Rad52 is one of the key HR proteins, which is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. In yeast, Rad52 is important for most HR events; Rad52 mutations disrupt repair of DNA double-strand breaks and targeted DNA integration. Surprisingly, in mammals, Rad52 knockouts showed no significant DNA repair or recombination phenotype. However, recent work demonstrated that mutations in human RAD52 are synthetically lethal with mutations in several other HR proteins including BRCA1 and BRCA2. These new findings indicate an important backup role for Rad52, which complements the main HR mechanism in mammals. In this review, we focus on the Rad52 activities and functions in HR and the possibility of using human RAD52 as therapeutic target in BRCA1 and BRCA2-deficient familial breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
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27
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Cho HR, Kong YJ, Hong SG, Kim KP. Hop2 and Sae3 Are Required for Dmc1-Mediated Double-Strand Break Repair via Homolog Bias during Meiosis. Mol Cells 2016; 39:550-6. [PMID: 27329041 PMCID: PMC4959020 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, exchange of DNA segments occurs between paired homologous chromosomes in order to produce recombinant chromosomes, helping to increase genetic diversity within a species. This genetic exchange process is tightly controlled by the eukaryotic RecA homologs Rad51 and Dmc1, which are involved in strand exchange of meiotic recombination, with Rad51 participating specifically in mitotic recombination. Meiotic recombination requires an interaction between homologous chromosomes to repair programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs). In this study, we investigated the budding yeast meiosis-specific proteins Hop2 and Sae3, which function in the Dmc1-dependent pathway. This pathway mediates the homology searching and strand invasion processes. Mek1 kinase participates in switching meiotic recombination from sister bias to homolog bias after DSB formation. In the absence of Hop2 and Sae3, DSBs were produced normally, but showed defects in the DSB-to-single-end invasion transition mediated by Dmc1 and auxiliary factors, and mutant strains failed to complete proper chromosome segregation. However, in the absence of Mek1 kinase activity, Rad51-dependent recombination progressed via sister bias in the hop2Δ or sae3Δ mutants, even in the presence of Dmc1. Thus, Hop2 and Sae3 actively modulate Dmc1-dependent recombination, effectively progressing homolog bias, a process requiring Mek1 kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Rae Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Korea
| | - Yoon-Ju Kong
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Korea
| | - Soo-Gil Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Korea
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Korea
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28
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Loidl J, Lorenz A. DNA double-strand break formation and repair in Tetrahymena meiosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 54:126-34. [PMID: 26899715 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The molecular details of meiotic recombination have been determined for a small number of model organisms. From these studies, a general picture has emerged that shows that most, if not all, recombination is initiated by a DNA double-strand break (DSB) that is repaired in a recombinogenic process using a homologous DNA strand as a template. However, the details of recombination vary between organisms, and it is unknown which variant is representative of evolutionarily primordial meiosis or most prevalent among eukaryotes. To answer these questions and to obtain a better understanding of the range of recombination processes among eukaryotes, it is important to study a variety of different organisms. Here, the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila is introduced as a versatile meiotic model system, which has the additional bonus of having the largest phylogenetic distance to all of the eukaryotes studied to date. Studying this organism can contribute to our understanding of the conservation and diversification of meiotic recombination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Loidl
- Department of Chromosome Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexander Lorenz
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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29
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Borgogno MV, Monti MR, Zhao W, Sung P, Argaraña CE, Pezza RJ. Tolerance of DNA Mismatches in Dmc1 Recombinase-mediated DNA Strand Exchange. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4928-38. [PMID: 26709229 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.704718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombination between homologous chromosomes is required for the faithful meiotic segregation of chromosomes and leads to the generation of genetic diversity. The conserved meiosis-specific Dmc1 recombinase catalyzes homologous recombination triggered by DNA double strand breaks through the exchange of parental DNA sequences. Although providing an efficient rate of DNA strand exchange between polymorphic alleles, Dmc1 must also guard against recombination between divergent sequences. How DNA mismatches affect Dmc1-mediated DNA strand exchange is not understood. We have used fluorescence resonance energy transfer to study the mechanism of Dmc1-mediated strand exchange between DNA oligonucleotides with different degrees of heterology. The efficiency of strand exchange is highly sensitive to the location, type, and distribution of mismatches. Mismatches near the 3' end of the initiating DNA strand have a small effect, whereas most mismatches near the 5' end impede strand exchange dramatically. The Hop2-Mnd1 protein complex stimulates Dmc1-catalyzed strand exchange on homologous DNA or containing a single mismatch. We observed that Dmc1 can reject divergent DNA sequences while bypassing a few mismatches in the DNA sequence. Our findings have important implications in understanding meiotic recombination. First, Dmc1 acts as an initial barrier for heterologous recombination, with the mismatch repair system providing a second level of proofreading, to ensure that ectopic sequences are not recombined. Second, Dmc1 stepping over infrequent mismatches is likely critical for allowing recombination between the polymorphic sequences of homologous chromosomes, thus contributing to gene conversion and genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Borgogno
- From the Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariela R Monti
- From the Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Weixing Zhao
- the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Patrick Sung
- the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Carlos E Argaraña
- From the Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Roberto J Pezza
- the Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, and the Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126
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30
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Rampler E, Stranzl T, Orban-Nemeth Z, Hollenstein DM, Hudecz O, Schlögelhofer P, Mechtler K. Comprehensive Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry Reveals Parallel Orientation and Flexible Conformations of Plant HOP2-MND1. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:5048-62. [PMID: 26535604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The HOP2-MND1 heterodimer is essential for meiotic homologous recombination in plants and other eukaryotes and promotes the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. We investigated the conformational flexibility of HOP2-MND1, important for understanding the mechanistic details of the heterodimer, with chemical cross-linking in combination with mass spectrometry (XL-MS). The final XL-MS workflow encompassed the use of complementary cross-linkers, quenching, digestion, size exclusion enrichment, and HCD-based LC-MS/MS detection prior to data evaluation. We applied two different homobifunctional amine-reactive cross-linkers (DSS and BS(2)G) and one zero-length heterobifunctional cross-linker (EDC). Cross-linked peptides of four biological replicates were analyzed prior to 3D structure prediction by protein threading and protein-protein docking for cross-link-guided molecular modeling. Miniaturization of the size-exclusion enrichment step reduced the required starting material, led to a high amount of cross-linked peptides, and allowed the analysis of replicates. The major interaction site of HOP2-MND1 was identified in the central coiled-coil domains, and an open colinear parallel arrangement of HOP2 and MND1 within the complex was predicted. Moreover, flexibility of the C-terminal capping helices of both complex partners was observed, suggesting the coexistence of a closed complex conformation in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Rampler
- Institute of Molecular Pathology , Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währingerstr. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stranzl
- Institute of Molecular Pathology , Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Otto Hudecz
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences , Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Karl Mechtler
- Institute of Molecular Pathology , Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences , Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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31
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Kelso AA, Say AF, Sharma D, Ledford LL, Turchick A, Saski CA, King AV, Attaway CC, Temesvari LA, Sehorn MG. Entamoeba histolytica Dmc1 Catalyzes Homologous DNA Pairing and Strand Exchange That Is Stimulated by Calcium and Hop2-Mnd1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139399. [PMID: 26422142 PMCID: PMC4589404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis depends on homologous recombination (HR) in most sexually reproducing organisms. Efficient meiotic HR requires the activity of the meiosis-specific recombinase, Dmc1. Previous work shows Dmc1 is expressed in Entamoeba histolytica, a eukaryotic parasite responsible for amoebiasis throughout the world, suggesting this organism undergoes meiosis. Here, we demonstrate Dmc1 protein is expressed in E. histolytica. We show that purified ehDmc1 forms presynaptic filaments and catalyzes ATP-dependent homologous DNA pairing and DNA strand exchange over at least several thousand base pairs. The DNA pairing and strand exchange activities are enhanced by the presence of calcium and the meiosis-specific recombination accessory factor, Hop2-Mnd1. In combination, calcium and Hop2-Mnd1 dramatically increase the rate of DNA strand exchange activity of ehDmc1. The biochemical system described herein provides a basis on which to better understand the role of ehDmc1 and other HR proteins in E. histolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Kelso
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amanda F. Say
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - LeAnna L. Ledford
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Audrey Turchick
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Saski
- Clemson University Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Institute for Translational Genomics, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ada V. King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher C. Attaway
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lesly A. Temesvari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- Clemson University School of Health Research, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Sehorn
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- Clemson University School of Health Research, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
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32
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Sansam CL, Pezza RJ. Connecting by breaking and repairing: mechanisms of DNA strand exchange in meiotic recombination. FEBS J 2015; 282:2444-57. [PMID: 25953379 PMCID: PMC4573575 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During prophase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes interact and undergo recombination. Successful completion of these processes is required in order for the homologous chromosomes to mount the meiotic spindle as a pair. The organization of the chromosomes into pairs ensures orderly segregation to opposite poles of the dividing cell, such that each gamete receives one copy of each chromosome. Chiasmata, the cytological manifestation of crossover products of recombination, physically connect the homologs in pairs, providing a linkage that facilitates their segregation. Consequently, mutations that reduce the level of recombination are invariably associated with increased errors in meiotic chromosome segregation. In this review, we focus on recent biochemical and genetic advances in elucidating the mechanisms of meiotic DNA strand exchange catalyzed by the Dmc1 protein. We also discuss the mode by which two recombination mediators, Hop2 and Mnd1, facilitate rate-limiting steps of DNA strand exchange catalyzed by Dmc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Sansam
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and the Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Roberto J Pezza
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and the Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Gabrielian A, Bocharova TN, Smirnova EA, Volodin AA, Harutjunyan A, Gevorkyan K. 137 Influence of 1,3-diazaadamantane derivative on the strand exchange between short oligonucleotides. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1032770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cell cycle regulation of human DNA repair and chromatin remodeling genes. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 30:53-67. [PMID: 25881042 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of a genome requires DNA repair integrated with chromatin remodeling. We have analyzed six transcriptome data sets and one data set on translational regulation of known DNA repair and remodeling genes in synchronized human cells. These data are available through our new database: www.dnarepairgenes.com. Genes that have similar transcription profiles in at least two of our data sets generally agree well with known protein profiles. In brief, long patch base excision repair (BER) is enriched for S phase genes, whereas short patch BER uses genes essentially equally expressed in all cell cycle phases. Furthermore, most genes related to DNA mismatch repair, Fanconi anemia and homologous recombination have their highest expression in the S phase. In contrast, genes specific for direct repair, nucleotide excision repair, as well as non-homologous end joining do not show cell cycle-related expression. Cell cycle regulated chromatin remodeling genes were most frequently confined to G1/S and S. These include e.g. genes for chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) major subunits CHAF1A and CHAF1B; the putative helicases HELLS and ATAD2 that both co-activate E2F transcription factors central in G1/S-transition and recruit DNA repair and chromatin-modifying proteins and DNA double strand break repair proteins; and RAD54L and RAD54B involved in double strand break repair. TOP2A was consistently most highly expressed in G2, but also expressed in late S phase, supporting a role in regulating entry into mitosis. Translational regulation complements transcriptional regulation and appears to be a relatively common cell cycle regulatory mechanism for DNA repair genes. Our results identify cell cycle phases in which different pathways have highest activity, and demonstrate that periodically expressed genes in a pathway are frequently co-expressed. Furthermore, the data suggest that S phase expression and over-expression of some multifunctional chromatin remodeling proteins may set up feedback loops driving cancer cell proliferation.
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Zhao W, Sung P. Significance of ligand interactions involving Hop2-Mnd1 and the RAD51 and DMC1 recombinases in homologous DNA repair and XX ovarian dysgenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4055-66. [PMID: 25820426 PMCID: PMC4417169 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Hop2-Mnd1 complex is a key cofactor for the meiosis-specific recombinase Dmc1. However, emerging evidence has revealed that Hop2-Mnd1 is expressed in somatic tissues, primary human fibroblasts and cell lines, and that it functions in conjunction with the Rad51 recombinase to repair damaged telomeres via the alternate lengthening of telomeres mechanism. Here, we reveal how distinct DNA-binding activities of Hop2-Mnd1 mediate the stabilization of the RAD51-ssDNA presynaptic filament or stimulate the homologous DNA pairing reaction. We have also endeavored to define the interface that governs the assembly of the higher order complex of Hop2-Mnd1 with RAD51. Unexpectedly, we find that ATP enhances the interaction between Hop2-Mnd1 and RAD51, and that both Hop2 and Mnd1 are involved in RAD51 interaction via their C-terminal regions. Importantly, mutations introduced into these Hop2 and Mnd1 domains, including the HOP2 p.del201Glu mutation present in a patient of XX ovarian dysgenesis, diminish the association and functional synergy of Hop2-Mnd1 with both RAD51 and DMC1. Our findings help delineate the intricate manner in which Hop2-Mnd1 engages and functions with RAD51 and DMC1 in mammalian cells and speak to the possible cause of XX ovarian dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Abstract
Homology search and DNA strand-exchange reactions are central to homologous recombination in meiosis. During meiosis, these processes are regulated such that the probability of choosing a homolog chromatid as recombination partner is enhanced relative to that of choosing a sister chromatid. This regulatory process occurs as homologous chromosomes pair in preparation for assembly of the synaptonemal complex. Two strand-exchange proteins, Rad51 and Dmc1, cooperate in regulated homology search and strand exchange in most organisms. Here, we summarize studies on the properties of these two proteins and their accessory factors. In addition, we review current models for the assembly of meiotic strand-exchange complexes and the possible mechanisms through which the interhomolog bias of recombination partner choice is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scott Brown
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Douglas K Bishop
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Bugreev DV, Huang F, Mazina OM, Pezza RJ, Voloshin ON, Camerini-Otero RD, Mazin AV. HOP2-MND1 modulates RAD51 binding to nucleotides and DNA. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4198. [PMID: 24943459 PMCID: PMC4279451 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The HOP2-MND1 heterodimer is required for progression of homologous recombination in eukaryotes. In vitro, HOP2-MND1 stimulates the DNA strand exchange activities of RAD51 and DMC1. We demonstrate that HOP2-MND1 induces changes in the conformation of RAD51 that profoundly alter the basic properties of RAD51. HOP2-MND1 enhances the interaction of RAD51 with nucleotide cofactors and modifies its DNA binding specificity in a manner that stimulates DNA strand exchange. It enables RAD51 DNA strand exchange in the absence of divalent metal ions required for ATP binding and offsets the effect of the K133A mutation that disrupts ATP binding. During nucleoprotein formation HOP2-MND1 helps to load RAD51 on ssDNA restricting its dsDNA-binding and during the homology search it promotes dsDNA binding removing the inhibitory effect of ssDNA. The magnitude of the changes induced in RAD51 defines HOP2-MND1 as a “molecular trigger” of RAD51 DNA strand exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Bugreev
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102-1192, USA [2]
| | - Fei Huang
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102-1192, USA [2]
| | - Olga M Mazina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102-1192, USA
| | - Roberto J Pezza
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Oleg N Voloshin
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - R Daniel Camerini-Otero
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Alexander V Mazin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102-1192, USA
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Moktan H, Guiraldelli MF, Eyster CA, Zhao W, Lee CY, Mather T, Camerini-Otero RD, Sung P, Zhou DH, Pezza RJ. Solution structure and DNA-binding properties of the winged helix domain of the meiotic recombination HOP2 protein. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14682-91. [PMID: 24711446 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.548180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The HOP2 protein is required for efficient double-strand break repair which ensures the proper synapsis of homologous chromosomes and normal meiotic progression. We previously showed that in vitro HOP2 shows two distinctive activities: when it is incorporated into a HOP2-MND1 heterodimer, it stimulates DMC1 and RAD51 recombination activities, and the purified HOP2 alone is proficient in promoting strand invasion. The structural and biochemical basis of HOP2 action in recombination are poorly understood; therefore, they are the focus of this work. Herein, we present the solution structure of the amino-terminal portion of mouse HOP2, which contains a typical winged helix DNA-binding domain. Together with NMR spectral changes in the presence of double-stranded DNA, protein docking on DNA, and mutation analysis to identify the amino acids involved in DNA coordination, our results on the three-dimensional structure of HOP2 provide key information on the fundamental structural and biochemical requirements directing the interaction of HOP2 with DNA. These results, in combination with mutational experiments showing the role of a coiled-coil structural feature involved in HOP2 self-association, allow us to explain important aspects of the function of HOP2 in recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Moktan
- From the Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078
| | - Michel F Guiraldelli
- the Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Craig A Eyster
- the Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Weixing Zhao
- the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Chih-Ying Lee
- the Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Timothy Mather
- the Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - R Daniel Camerini-Otero
- the Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Patrick Sung
- the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Donghua H Zhou
- From the Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078
| | - Roberto J Pezza
- the Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, the Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126
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