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Liénard MA, Baez-Nieto D, Tsai CC, Valencia-Montoya WA, Werin B, Johanson U, Lassance JM, Pan JQ, Yu N, Pierce NE. TRPA5 encodes a thermosensitive ankyrin ion channel receptor in a triatomine insect. iScience 2024; 27:109541. [PMID: 38577108 PMCID: PMC10993193 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
As ectotherms, insects need heat-sensitive receptors to monitor environmental temperatures and facilitate thermoregulation. We show that TRPA5, a class of ankyrin transient receptor potential (TRP) channels absent in dipteran genomes, may function as insect heat receptors. In the triatomine bug Rhodnius prolixus (order: Hemiptera), a vector of Chagas disease, the channel RpTRPA5B displays a uniquely high thermosensitivity, with biophysical determinants including a large channel activation enthalpy change (72 kcal/mol), a high temperature coefficient (Q10 = 25), and in vitro temperature-induced currents from 53°C to 68°C (T0.5 = 58.6°C), similar to noxious TRPV receptors in mammals. Monomeric and tetrameric ion channel structure predictions show reliable parallels with fruit fly dTRPA1, with structural uniqueness in ankyrin repeat domains, the channel selectivity filter, and potential TRP functional modulator regions. Overall, the finding of a member of TRPA5 as a temperature-activated receptor illustrates the diversity of insect molecular heat detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie A. Liénard
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David Baez-Nieto
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Cheng-Chia Tsai
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Wendy A. Valencia-Montoya
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Balder Werin
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Urban Johanson
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jean-Marc Lassance
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Neuroethology, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jen Q. Pan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nanfang Yu
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Naomi E. Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Wang F, Wang Y, Zeng X, Zhang S, Yu J, Li D, Zhang X. MIKE: an ultrafast, assembly-, and alignment-free approach for phylogenetic tree construction. Bioinformatics 2024; 40:btae154. [PMID: 38547397 PMCID: PMC10990684 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btae154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Constructing a phylogenetic tree requires calculating the evolutionary distance between samples or species via large-scale resequencing data, a process that is both time-consuming and computationally demanding. Striking the right balance between accuracy and efficiency is a significant challenge. RESULTS To address this, we introduce a new algorithm, MIKE (MinHash-based k-mer algorithm). This algorithm is designed for the swift calculation of the Jaccard coefficient directly from raw sequencing reads and enables the construction of phylogenetic trees based on the resultant Jaccard coefficient. Simulation results highlight the superior speed of MIKE compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. We used MIKE to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree, incorporating 238 yeast, 303 Zea, 141 Ficus, 67 Oryza, and 43 Saccharum spontaneum samples. MIKE demonstrated accurate performance across varying evolutionary scales, reproductive modes, and ploidy levels, proving itself as a powerful tool for phylogenetic tree construction. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION MIKE is publicly available on Github at https://github.com/Argonum-Clever2/mike.git.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 508055, China
| | - Shengcheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Dongxi Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
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Barthel L, Cairns T, Duda S, Müller H, Dobbert B, Jung S, Briesen H, Meyer V. Breaking down barriers: comprehensive functional analysis of the Aspergillus niger chitin synthase repertoire. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38468360 PMCID: PMC10926633 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-024-00172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the fungal kingdom are heterotrophic eukaryotes encased in a chitin containing cell wall. This polymer is vital for cell wall stiffness and, ultimately, cell shape. Most fungal genomes contain numerous putative chitin synthase encoding genes. However, systematic functional analysis of the full chitin synthase catalogue in a given species is rare. This greatly limits fundamental understanding and potential applications of manipulating chitin synthesis across the fungal kingdom. RESULTS In this study, we conducted in silico profiling and subsequently deleted all predicted chitin synthase encoding genes in the multipurpose cell factory Aspergillus niger. Phylogenetic analysis suggested nine chitin synthases evolved as three distinct groups. Transcript profiling and co-expression network construction revealed remarkably independent expression, strongly supporting specific role(s) for the respective chitin synthases. Deletion mutants confirmed all genes were dispensable for germination, yet impacted colony spore titres, chitin content at hyphal septa, and internal architecture of submerged fungal pellets. We were also able to assign specific roles to individual chitin synthases, including those impacting colony radial growth rates (ChsE, ChsF), lateral cell wall chitin content (CsmA), chemical genetic interactions with a secreted antifungal protein (CsmA, CsmB, ChsE, ChsF), resistance to therapeutics (ChsE), and those that modulated pellet diameter in liquid culture (ChsA, ChsB). From an applied perspective, we show chsF deletion increases total protein in culture supernatant over threefold compared to the control strain, indicating engineering filamentous fungal chitin content is a high priority yet underexplored strategy for strain optimization. CONCLUSION This study has conducted extensive analysis for the full chitin synthase encoding gene repertoire of A. niger. For the first time we reveal both redundant and non-redundant functional roles of chitin synthases in this fungus. Our data shed light on the complex, multifaceted, and dynamic role of chitin in fungal growth, morphology, survival, and secretion, thus improving fundamental understanding and opening new avenues for biotechnological applications in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Barthel
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy Cairns
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sven Duda
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henri Müller
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Birgit Dobbert
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Jung
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Vera Meyer
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Le MH, Morgan B, Lu MY, Moctezuma V, Burgos O, Huang JP. The genomes of Hercules beetles reveal putative adaptive loci and distinct demographic histories in pristine North American forests. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13908. [PMID: 38063363 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Beetles, despite their remarkable biodiversity and a long history of research, remain lacking in reference genomes annotated with structural variations in loci of adaptive significance. We sequenced and assembled high-quality chromosome-level genomes of four Hercules beetles which exhibit divergence in male horn size and shape and body colouration. The four Hercules beetle genomes were assembled to 11 pseudo-chromosomes, where the three genomes assembled using Nanopore data (Dynastes grantii, D. hyllus and D. tityus) were mapped to the genome assembled using PacBio + Hi-C data (D. maya). We demonstrated a striking similarity in genome structure among the four species. This conservative genome structure may be attributed to our use of the D. maya assembly as the reference; however, it is worth noting that such a conservative genome structure is a recurring phenomenon among scarab beetles. We further identified homologues of nine and three candidate-gene families that may be associated with the evolution of horn structure and body colouration respectively. Structural variations in Scr and Ebony2 were detected and discussed for their putative impacts on generating morphological diversity in beetles. We also reconstructed the demographic histories of the four Hercules beetles using heterozygosity information from the diploid genomes. We found that the demographic histories of the beetles closely recapitulated historical changes in suitable forest habitats driven by climate shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- My-Hanh Le
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brett Morgan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Mei-Yeh Lu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Victor Moctezuma
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Oscar Burgos
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jen-Pan Huang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Friedrich M. Parallel Losses of Blue Opsin Correlate with Compensatory Neofunctionalization of UV-Opsin Gene Duplicates in Aphids and Planthoppers. INSECTS 2023; 14:774. [PMID: 37754742 PMCID: PMC10531960 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Expanding on previous efforts to survey the visual opsin repertoires of the Hemiptera, this study confirms that homologs of the UV- and LW-opsin subfamilies are conserved in all Hemiptera, while the B-opsin subfamily is missing from the Heteroptera and subgroups of the Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha, i.e., aphids (Aphidoidea) and planthoppers (Fulgoroidea), respectively. Unlike in the Heteroptera, which are characterized by multiple independent expansions of the LW-opsin subfamily, the lack of B-opsin correlates with the presence of tandem-duplicated UV-opsins in aphids and planthoppers. Available data on organismal wavelength sensitivities and retinal gene expression patterns lead to the conclusion that, in both groups, one UV-opsin paralog shifted from ancestral UV peak sensitivity to derived blue sensitivity, likely compensating for the lost B-opsin. Two parallel bona fide tuning site substitutions compare to 18 non-corresponding amino acid replacements in the blue-shifted UV-opsin paralogs of aphids and planthoppers. Most notably, while the aphid blue-shifted UV-opsin clade is characterized by a replacement substitution at one of the best-documented UV/blue tuning sites (Rhodopsin site 90), the planthopper blue-shifted UV-opsin paralogs retained the ancestral lysine at this position. Combined, the new findings identify aphid and planthopper UV-opsins as a new valuable data sample for studying adaptive opsin evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Friedrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmological, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Yao Z, Jin H, Li C, Ma W, Zhang W, Lin Y. Knockdown of Dcr1 and Dcr2 limits the lethal effect of C-factor in Chilo suppressalis. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 113:e22004. [PMID: 36780173 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dicer is a highly conserved ribonuclease in evolution. It belongs to the RNase III family and can specifically recognize and cleave double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In this study, the genome and transcriptome of Chilo suppressalis were analyzed, and it was found that there were two members in the Dicer family, named Dcr1 and Dcr2. The dsRNAs of Dcr1 and Dcr2 genes were synthesized and fed to C. suppressalis larvae. The C-factor of C. suppressalis was selected as the marker gene. The results showed that both Dcr1 and Dcr2 genes were significantly knocked down. The larval mortality was significantly reduced by 43.50% (p < 0.05) after feeding on dsC-factor and dsDcr1. The transcription levels of C-factor genes were significantly increased by 33.95% (p < 0.05) and 32.94% (p < 0.05) when the larvae fed with dsDcr2 + dsC-factor for 72 h and 96 h, respectively. Furthermore, the mortality was significantly decreased by 79% (p < 0.05) after feeding dsC-factor and dsDcr2. These findings imply that Dcr1 can decrease the lethal effect of C-factor gene but cannot affect its RNAi efficiency and Dcr2 can decrease the lethal effect of C-factor gene by inhibiting RNAi efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuotian Yao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huihui Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Changyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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7
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Chen X, Liu YQ, Wu MN, Yan L, Chen CY, Mu YP, Liu YJ, Wang MY, Chen XY, Mao YB. A highly accumulated secretory protein from cotton bollworm interacts with basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors to dampen plant defense. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:265-278. [PMID: 36131553 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Caterpillar oral secretion (OS) contains active molecules that modulate plant defense signaling. We isolated an effector-like protein (Highly Accumulated Secretory Protein 1, HAS1) from cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) that is the most highly accumulated secretory protein of the nondigestive components in OS and belongs to venom R-like protein. Elimination of HAS1 by plant-mediated RNA interference reduced the suppression of OS on the defense response in plants. Plants expressing HAS1 are more susceptible to insect herbivory accompanied by the reduced expressions of multiple defense genes. HAS1 binds to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, including GoPGF involved in pigmented gland formation and defense compounds biosynthesis in cotton and MYC3/MYC4 the main regulators in jasmonate (JA) signaling in Arabidopsis. The binding activity is required for HAS1 to inhibit the activation of bHLHs on plant defense gene expressions. Together with our previous study that another venom R-like protein HARP1 in cotton bollworm OS blocks JA signaling by interacting with JASMONATE-ZIM-domain repressors, we conclude that the venom R-like proteins in OS interfere with plant defense in a dual suppression manner. Considering the venom proteins in parasitic wasp assault the immune system of its host animal, our investigation reveals their conserved function in carnivorous and herbivorous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yao-Qian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Man-Ni Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Pei Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Mu-Yang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ying-Bo Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Zhang X, Shi Z, Yang CQ, Li J, Liu J, Zhang AB. Gut transcriptome analysis of P450 genes and cytochrome P450 reductase in three moth species feeding on gymnosperms or angiosperms. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.948043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s, CYPs) are a superfamily of heme–thiolate proteins involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances in insects. In this study, the identification of putative P450 proteins was done and the elimination of the repeated sequences resulted in 57 proteins from Gastropacha populifolia, 63 proteins from Dendrolimus punctatus, and 53 proteins from Dendrolimus tabulaeformis. The putative P450 proteins were aligned together with seven other insect species based on five conserved domains. A total of ten co-orthologous groups were identified. Interestingly, one co-orthologous gene, CYP4g15 in CYP4 clan, was identified and its 3D structure analysis showed that the highly conserved sites of the predicted motifs were close to the active sites of P450. Furthermore, this study revealed that insect CYP4g15 and two bacteria cytochrome P450 were monophyletic. This suggests that insects CYP4g15 are not only functionally conserved but also an ancient gene originating from different bacteria species.
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Liénard MA, Valencia-Montoya WA, Pierce NE. Molecular advances to study the function, evolution and spectral tuning of arthropod visual opsins. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210279. [PMID: 36058235 PMCID: PMC9450095 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual opsins of vertebrates and invertebrates diversified independently and converged to detect ultraviolet to long wavelengths (LW) of green or red light. In both groups, colour vision largely derives from opsin number, expression patterns and changes in amino acids interacting with the chromophore. Functional insights regarding invertebrate opsin evolution have lagged behind those for vertebrates because of the disparity in genomic resources and the lack of robust in vitro systems to characterize spectral sensitivities. Here, we review bioinformatic approaches to identify and model functional variation in opsins as well as recently developed assays to measure spectral phenotypes. In particular, we discuss how transgenic lines, cAMP-spectroscopy and sensitive heterologous expression platforms are starting to decouple genotype-phenotype relationships of LW opsins to complement the classical physiological-behavioural-phylogenetic toolbox of invertebrate visual sensory studies. We illustrate the use of one heterologous method by characterizing novel LW Gq opsins from 10 species, including diurnal and nocturnal Lepidoptera, a terrestrial dragonfly and an aquatic crustacean, expressing them in HEK293T cells, and showing that their maximum absorbance spectra (λmax) range from 518 to 611 nm. We discuss the advantages of molecular approaches for arthropods with complications such as restricted availability, lateral filters, specialized photochemistry and/or electrophysiological constraints. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding colour vision: molecular, physiological, neuronal and behavioural studies in arthropods'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie A. Liénard
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Wendy A. Valencia-Montoya
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Naomi E. Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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10
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Li X, Liu X, Lu W, Yin X, An S. Application progress of plant-mediated RNAi in pest control. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:963026. [PMID: 36003536 PMCID: PMC9393288 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.963026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based biopesticides are novel biologic products, developed using RNAi principles. They are engineered to target genes of agricultural diseases, insects, and weeds, interfering with their target gene expression so as to hinder their growth and alleviate their damaging effects on crops. RNAi-based biopesticides are broadly classified into resistant plant-based plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) and non-plant-incorporated protectants. PIP RNAi-based biopesticides are novel biopesticides that combine the advantages of RNAi and resistant transgenic crops. Such RNAi-based biopesticides are developed through nuclear or plastid transformation to breed resistant plants, i.e., dsRNA-expressing transgenic plants. The dsRNA of target genes is expressed in the plant cell, with pest and disease control being achieved through plant-target organism interactions. Here, we review the action mechanism and strategies of RNAi for pest management, the development of RNAi-based transgenic plant, and the current status and advantages of deploying these products for pest control, as well as the future research directions and problems in production and commercialization. Overall, this study aims to elucidate the current development status of RNAi-based biopesticides and provide guidelines for future research.
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Mei LC, Chen HM, Dong AY, Huang GY, Liu YW, Zhang X, Wang W, Hao GF, Yang GF. Pesticide Informatics Platform (PIP): An International Platform for Pesticide Discovery, Residue, and Risk Evaluation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6617-6623. [PMID: 35617526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used agrochemicals for crop protection. The need for novel pesticides becomes urgent as a result of the emergence of resistance and environmental toxicity. Pesticide informatics has been applied in different phase processes of pesticide target identification, active ingredient design, and impact evaluation. However, these valuable resources are scattered over the literature and web, limiting their availability. Here, we summarize and connect research on pesticide informatics resources. A pesticide informatics platform (PIP) was constructed to share these tools. We finally discuss the future direction of pesticide informatics, including pesticide contamination. We expect to share the pesticide informatics approaches and stimulate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Can Mei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
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Swart Z, Duong TA, Wingfield BD, Postma A, Slippers B. The relevance of studying insect-nematode interactions for human disease. Pathog Glob Health 2022; 116:140-145. [PMID: 34726122 PMCID: PMC9090338 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2021.1996796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate-parasitic nematodes cause debilitating, chronic infections in millions of people worldwide. The burden of these so-called 'neglected tropical diseases' is often carried by poorer socioeconomic communities in part because research on parasitic nematodes and their vertebrate hosts is challenging and costly. However, complex biological and pathological processes can be modeled in simpler organisms. Here, we consider how insight into the interactions between entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), their insect hosts and bacterial symbionts may reveal novel treatment targets for parasitic nematode infections. We argue that a combination of approaches that target nematodes, as well as the interaction of pathogens with insect vectors and bacterial symbionts, offer potentially effective, but underexplored opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorada Swart
- Department of Biochemistry Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tuan A. Duong
- Department of Biochemistry Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Brenda D. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alisa Postma
- Department of Biochemistry Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Department of Biochemistry Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Sethuraman A, Tovar A, Welch W, Dettmers R, Arce C, Skaggs T, Rothenberg A, Saisho R, Summerhays B, Cartmill R, Grenier C, Vasquez Y, Vansant H, Obrycki J. Genome of the parasitoid wasp Dinocampus coccinellae reveals extensive duplications, accelerated evolution, and independent origins of thelytokous parthenogeny and solitary behavior. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6499286. [PMID: 35100359 PMCID: PMC8896016 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dinocampus coccinellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a generalist parasitoid wasp that parasitizes >50 species of predatory lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), with thelytokous parthenogeny as its primary mode of reproduction. Here, we present the first high-quality genome of D. coccinellae using a combination of short- and long-read sequencing technologies, followed by assembly and scaffolding of chromosomal segments using Chicago + HiC technologies. We also present a first-pass ab initio and a reference-based genome annotation and resolve timings of divergence and evolution of (1) solitary behavior vs eusociality, (2) arrhenotokous vs thelytokous parthenogenesis, and (3) rates of gene loss and gain among Hymenopteran lineages. Our study finds (1) at least 2 independent origins of eusociality and solitary behavior among Hymenoptera, (2) 2 independent origins of thelytokous parthenogenesis from ancestral arrhenotoky, and (3) accelerated rates of gene duplications, loss, and gain along the lineages leading to D. coccinellae. Our work both affirms the ancient divergence of Braconid wasps from ancestral Hymenopterans and accelerated rates of evolution in response to adaptations to novel hosts, including polyDNA viral coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sethuraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Alicia Tovar
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Walker Welch
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Ryan Dettmers
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Camila Arce
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Timothy Skaggs
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Alexander Rothenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Roxane Saisho
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Bryce Summerhays
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Ryan Cartmill
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Christy Grenier
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Yumary Vasquez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
- Department of Life and Environmental Systems, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Hannah Vansant
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - John Obrycki
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Dhatwalia D, Aminedi R, Kalia V, Pande V, Bhattacharya R. Host-mediated attenuation of gut sucrase in mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi impaired its parthenogenetic reproduction on Indian mustard Brassica juncea. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:803-811. [PMID: 34713547 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nefarious hemipteran mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) inflicts colossal yield losses in Brassica crops including Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Lack of an accessible resistance source has been the primary impediment in breeding varietal resistance against aphids. In recent years, in planta RNAi-mediated resistance has been demonstrated in model plants as a potential tool for protection against insect pests. However, translational application in crop species is imperative for critical assessment of this technology in breeding effective resistance. RESULTS The essential role of sucrase 1 (SUC1) in mitigating osmotic pressure imposed by sucrose-rich phloem sap inside the insect gut is corroborated by its expression pattern in L. erysimi. Transgenic lines of Indian mustard were developed expressing SUC1 hairpin RNA for its host-mediated delivery into the infesting aphids. The expression of the dsRNA encoding cassette, and generation of siRNA molecules in transgenic B. juncea lines were verified by quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, stem-loop RT-PCR and Northern hybridization. Rearing of L. erysimi on the transgenic lines resulted in 22-40% reduction in aphid fecundity. The observed retardation in aphid reproduction was coherent with the detection of SUC1-specific siRNA molecules and attenuation of the SUC1 transcript level in L. erysimi fed on the transgenic lines. CONCLUSION Augmenting varietal resistance can substantially reduce usage of toxic agrochemicals in crop protection. This attempt was the first successful demonstration of host-mediated RNAi of an aphid gene in any Brassica crop. It paves the way for more rigorous attempt of engineering RNAi-based resistance against aphids in Brassica crops. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Dhatwalia
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | | | - Vinay Kalia
- Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
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Genomic insight into the scale specialization of the biological control agent Novius pumilus (Weise, 1892). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:90. [PMID: 35100986 PMCID: PMC8805230 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the genus Novius Mulsant, 1846 (= Rodolia Mulsant, 1850) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), play important roles in the biological control of cotton cushion scale pests, especially those belonging to Icerya. Since the best-known species, the vedalia beetle Novius cardinalis (Mulsant, 1850) was introduced into California from Australia, more than a century of successful use in classical biological control, some species of Novius have begun to exhibit some field adaptations to novel but related prey species. Despite their economic importance, relatively little is known about the underlying genetic adaptations associated with their feeding habits. Knowledge of the genome sequence of Novius is a major step towards further understanding its biology and potential applications in pest control. RESULTS We report the first high-quality genome sequence for Novius pumilus (Weise, 1892), a representative specialist of Novius. Computational Analysis of gene Family Evolution (CAFE) analysis showed that several orthogroups encoding chemosensors, digestive, and immunity-related enzymes were significantly expanded (P < 0.05) in N. pumilus compared to the published genomes of other four ladybirds. Furthermore, some of these orthogroups were under significant positive selection pressure (P < 0.05). Notably, transcriptome profiling demonstrated that many genes among the significantly expanded and positively selected orthogroups, as well as genes related to detoxification were differentially expressed, when N. pumilus feeding on the nature prey Icerya compared with the no feeding set. We speculate that these genes are vital in the Icerya adaptation of Novius species. CONCLUSIONS We report the first Novius genome thus far. In addition, we provide comprehensive transcriptomic resources for N. pumilus. The results from this study may be helpful for understanding the association of the evolution of genes related to chemosensing, digestion, detoxification and immunity with the prey adaptation of insect predators. This will provide a reference for future research and utilization of Novius in biological control programs. Moreover, understanding the possible molecular mechanisms of prey adaptation also inform mass rearing of N. pumilus and other Novius, which may benefit pest control.
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Chen T, Diao Y, Xu R, Sheng N, Liu F, Xie Q, Su S, Ma K, Li X. Cloning and expression analysis of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase-like ( EsJHEH-like) from Eriocheir sinensis, and its potential roles in methyl farnesoate metabolism. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2021.2019843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzhu Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruihan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Na Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiming Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shiping Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Keyi Ma
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xilei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Double-Strand RNA (dsRNA) Delivery Methods in Insects: Diaphorina citri. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2360:253-277. [PMID: 34495520 PMCID: PMC8959005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1633-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RNAi is a gene-silencing mechanism conserved in the vast majority of eukaryotes. It is widely used to study gene function in animals due to the ease of eliciting gene knockdown. Beyond research applications, RNAi technology based on exogenous dsRNA is a promising candidate for next generation insect pest control. An advantage of using RNAi is that design of dsRNA essentially requires only the sequence of the target gene. The greatest challenge, however, is dsRNA delivery for large-scale insect control. Delivery methods that have widely been used are oral, injection, or via soaking. Unfortunately, each insect presents its own challenges owing to the differences in the presence of dsRNA degrading enzymes, cellular uptake efficiency, expression of core RNAi machinery, the nature of the target gene, the concentration and persistence of the dsRNA, as well as the particular way of feeding of each insect, which together cause variations in the efficiency of RNAi. In this chapter, a protocol for the synthetic production of dsRNA is described along with three methods for delivery that have been successful in one of the more problematic insects, Diaphorina citri.
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Yin X, Yang GF, Niu DB, Chen J, Liao M, Cao HQ, Sheng CW. Identification and pharmacological characterization of histamine-gated chloride channels in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 140:103698. [PMID: 34848284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Histamine-gated chloride channels (HACls) mediate fast inhibitory neurotransmission in invertebrate nervous systems and have important roles in light reception, color processing, temperature preference and light-dark cycle. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is a main destructive pest of grain and row crops. However, the pharmacological characterization of HACls in S. frugiperda remain unknown. In this study, we identified two cDNAs encoding SfHACl1 and SfHACl2 in S. frugiperda. They had similar expression patterns and were most abundantly expressed in the head of larvae and at the egg stage. Electrophysiological analysis with the two-electrode voltage clamp method showed that histamine (HA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activated inward currents when SfHACls were singly or collectively expressed with different ratios in Xenopus laevis oocytes. These channels were ≥2000-fold more sensitive to HA than to GABA. They were anion-selective channels, which were highly dependent on changes in external chloride concentrations, but insensitive to changes in external sodium concentrations. The insecticides abamectin (ABM) and emamectin benzoate (EB) also activated these channels with the EC50 to SfHACl1 lower than that to SfHACl2. And the EC50s of ABM and EB to the co-expressed channels gradually increased with increase in the injection ratio of SfHACl2 cRNA. Homology models and docking simulations revealed that HA bound to the large amino-terminal extracellular domain of SfHACl1 and SfHACl2 by forming 4 and 2 hydrogen bonds, respectively. The docking simulations of ABM and EB had similar binding sites in the transmembrane regions. Overall, these findings indicated that HACls act as targets for macrolide, and this study provides theoretical guidance for further derivatization of abamectin insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Guo-Feng Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Duo-Bang Niu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Min Liao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Wang Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China.
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Purać J, Čelić TV, Vukašinović EL, Đorđievski S, Milić S, Ninkov J, Kojić D. Identification of a metallothionein gene and the role of biological thiols in stress induced by short-term Cd exposure in Ostrinia nubilalis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 250:109148. [PMID: 34343701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential metal that is highly toxic to all living forms, characterized by an extremely high affinity for thiol (SH) groups. The aim of this work was to identify and experimentally verify metallothionein gene and to analyze the role of biological thiols in stress induced by short-term Cd exposure in Ostrinia nubilalis, one of the most important corn pests. The coding region of a metallothionein (MT) gene in O. nubilalis was identified, encoding protein, OnMT1, which contains 46 amino acids, including 12 cysteine residues, and has no aromatic amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that OnMT1 clustered together with metallothionein from Bombyx mori. Structural bioinformatics analysis strongly suggests that OnMT1 is a metallothionein with affinity for multiple transition metals. Further, in order to elucidate the role of biological thiols, O. nubilalis L5 larvae were exposed to increasing Cd concentrations in diet (6.85, 41.71, 77.35 mg kg-1) during a 48 h period, after which Cd concentration in larvae was measured (3.50, 12.02, 47.37 mg kg-1, respectively). Due to short-term Cd exposure, concentration of free protein SH groups and relative expression of OnMT1 and thioredoxin (Trx) genes was elevated, while the reduced glutathione content remained unchanged. The presented results provide evidence that OnMT1 plays a role in Cd detoxification and homeostasis, and confirm the importance of biological thiols, especially OnMT1 and Trx, in the early response of O. nubilalis to Cd poisoning, indicating interaction between Cd and thiol-linked redox reactions. Insects provide valuable insight into molecular adaptations to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Purać
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana V Čelić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Elvira L Vukašinović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Srđana Đorđievski
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Stanko Milić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Laboratory for Soil and Agroecology, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jordana Ninkov
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Laboratory for Soil and Agroecology, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Danijela Kojić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Mei Y, Jing D, Tang S, Chen X, Chen H, Duanmu H, Cong Y, Chen M, Ye X, Zhou H, He K, Li F. InsectBase 2.0: a comprehensive gene resource for insects. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:D1040-D1045. [PMID: 34792158 PMCID: PMC8728184 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are the largest group of animals on the planet and have a huge impact on human life by providing resources, transmitting diseases, and damaging agricultural crop production. Recently, a large amount of insect genome and gene data has been generated. A comprehensive database is highly desirable for managing, sharing, and mining these resources. Here, we present an updated database, InsectBase 2.0 (http://v2.insect-genome.com/), covering 815 insect genomes, 25 805 transcriptomes and >16 million genes, including 15 045 111 coding sequences, 3 436 022 3'UTRs, 4 345 664 5'UTRs, 112 162 miRNAs and 1 293 430 lncRNAs. In addition, we used an in-house standard pipeline to annotate 1 434 653 genes belonging to 164 gene families; 215 986 potential horizontally transferred genes; and 419 KEGG pathways. Web services such as BLAST, JBrowse2 and Synteny Viewer are provided for searching and visualization. InsectBase 2.0 serves as a valuable platform for entomologists and researchers in the related communities of animal evolution and invertebrate comparative genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shenyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haonan Duanmu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuyang Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinhai Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kang He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Silencing of Aquaporin Homologue Accumulates Uric Acid and Decreases the Lifespan of the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100931. [PMID: 34680700 PMCID: PMC8539622 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The use of RNA interference has become increasingly popular for investigating insect physiology, testing the functionality of insect genes and as a potential control strategy. Hemiptera include many vectors for destructive plant diseases. A major characteristic of the order of Hemiptera is feeding on the phloem sap of their plant hosts. Phloem feeders face high osmotic stress between the gut lumen and hemolymph due to the high level of sucrose in phloem sap. Targeting the osmoregulation mechanisms in Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, which transmits ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, the putative causal agent of Huanglongbing in citrus may lead to an effective control strategy. Herein we downregulate the expression of aquaporin, representing a major mechanism of osmoregulation, by RNA interference. Abstract The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is devastating the citrus industry worldwide. It transmits ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, the pathogen of Huanglongbing in citrus. RNA interference is an excellent tool for functional genomics and for screening target genes for pest control. Herein, we silenced the aquaporin (AQP) gene (DcAQP) homologue in D. citri to study its functionality and whether it could be a good target for a control strategy. AQP is an integral membrane channel protein that aids in the rapid flux of water and other small solutes that move across the lipid membrane. In Hemiptera, it is well established that AQP plays important roles in adjusting to physiological challenges including (1) regulating osmotic stress between the gut lumen and hemolymph after imbibing large quantities of a low nitrogen, sugar-rich liquid diet; (2) avoiding or preventing dehydration and desiccation; and (3) surviving at elevated temperatures. The dsRNA-DcAQP was applied twice to nymphs of the 4th and 5th instars through a soaking technique. Silencing AQP caused a significant increase in nymph mortality. Emerged adults showed malformations and a shorter lifespan. Silencing DcAQP provoked alterations in some metabolites and increased the uric acid content in emerged adults. DcAQP could be a useful target to control D. citri.
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Yang L, Xing B, Li F, Wang LK, Yuan L, Mbuji AL, Peng Z, Malhat F, Wu S. Full-length transcriptome analysis of Spodoptera frugiperda larval brain reveals detoxification genes. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12069. [PMID: 34513339 PMCID: PMC8395580 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), commonly known as fall armyworm (FAW), is one of the most destructive agricultural pests in the world and has posed a great threat to crops. The improper use of insecticides has led to rapid development of resistance. However, the genetic data available for uncovering the insecticide resistance mechanisms are scarce. Methods In this study, we used PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing aimed at revealing the full-length transcriptome profiling of the FAW larval brain to obtain detoxification genes. Results A total of 18,642 high-quality transcripts were obtained with an average length of 2,371 bp, and 11,230 of which were successfully annotated in six public databases. Among these, 5,692 alternative splicing events were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | | | - Fen Li
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | | | | | - Amosi Leonard Mbuji
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Department of Resources Utilization and Plant Protection, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqiang Peng
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Farag Malhat
- Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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23
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Unveiling the keratinolytic transcriptome of the black carpet beetle (Attagenus unicolor) for sustainable poultry feather recycling. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5577-5587. [PMID: 34226961 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The black carpet beetle (BCB) is a household pest unique in its ability to digest complex proteins such as keratin that makes up the majority of feather structure. Despite voluminous yield and high protein content ( > 85%), feathers are poorly digested by most known organisms and are thereby rendered an environmental hazard. Furthermore, keratinolytic microbial strains are typically thermophilic and therefore economically and environmentally unsustainable. Given the BCB's ability to digest wool, feathers, and other keratin-rich materials, we assembled a de novo transcriptome of larvae fed on either feathers or standard chow. All proteolytic enzymes were identified via homology to the MEROPS database and subsequently annotated for a complete overview of enzymatic activity and distribution of peptidase clans in the transcriptome. Both differential expression and sequence homology screening were then used to identify potentially keratinolytic candidates from the assembly to be used in future expression experiments. The BCB transcriptome showed a high proportion of serine (22.6%) and cysteine (18.9%) proteases as well as metallopeptidases (25.5%) compared with other insect species. Regarding differential expression, serine and metalloproteases represented a large proportion of upregulated genes in the feather-fed group, constituting 42.9% and 57.1% of upregulated proteases, respectively. Additionally, several candidate transcripts identified through homology screening showed significant sequence overlap to seven existing keratinases, indicating a strong likelihood of keratinolytic function in this organism. KEY POINTS: • A de novo transcriptome of black carpet beetle larvae was assembled. • The transcriptome consisted of 67% of serine, cysteine, and metalloproteases. • Differential transcriptomes of beetles fed feather and chow were compared.
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24
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Heredia F, Volonté Y, Pereirinha J, Fernandez-Acosta M, Casimiro AP, Belém CG, Viegas F, Tanaka K, Menezes J, Arana M, Cardoso GA, Macedo A, Kotowicz M, Prado Spalm FH, Dibo MJ, Monfardini RD, Torres TT, Mendes CS, Garelli A, Gontijo AM. The steroid-hormone ecdysone coordinates parallel pupariation neuromotor and morphogenetic subprograms via epidermis-to-neuron Dilp8-Lgr3 signal induction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3328. [PMID: 34099654 PMCID: PMC8184853 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate behaviors consist of a succession of genetically-hardwired motor and physiological subprograms that can be coupled to drastic morphogenetic changes. How these integrative responses are orchestrated is not completely understood. Here, we provide insight into these mechanisms by studying pupariation, a multi-step innate behavior of Drosophila larvae that is critical for survival during metamorphosis. We find that the steroid-hormone ecdysone triggers parallel pupariation neuromotor and morphogenetic subprograms, which include the induction of the relaxin-peptide hormone, Dilp8, in the epidermis. Dilp8 acts on six Lgr3-positive thoracic interneurons to couple both subprograms in time and to instruct neuromotor subprogram switching during behavior. Our work reveals that interorgan feedback gates progression between subunits of an innate behavior and points to an ancestral neuromodulatory function of relaxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Heredia
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Yanel Volonté
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- INIBIBB, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahia Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur - CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Joana Pereirinha
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdalena Fernandez-Acosta
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia P Casimiro
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia G Belém
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Filipe Viegas
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kohtaro Tanaka
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciências, Oeiras, Portugal
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Juliane Menezes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maite Arana
- INIBIBB, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahia Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur - CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gisele A Cardoso
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Genômica e Evolução de Artrópodes, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- CBMEG, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - André Macedo
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Malwina Kotowicz
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- DZNE, Helmholtz Association, Bonn, Germany
| | - Facundo H Prado Spalm
- INIBIBB, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahia Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur - CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marcos J Dibo
- INIBIBB, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahia Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur - CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Raquel D Monfardini
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Genômica e Evolução de Artrópodes, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana T Torres
- Laboratório de Genômica e Evolução de Artrópodes, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - César S Mendes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andres Garelli
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- INIBIBB, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahia Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur - CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Alisson M Gontijo
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico 5, 1150-190, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Rizvi SAH, George J, Reddy GVP, Zeng X, Guerrero A. Latest Developments in Insect Sex Pheromone Research and Its Application in Agricultural Pest Management. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060484. [PMID: 34071020 PMCID: PMC8224804 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the first identification of the silkworm moth sex pheromone in 1959, significant research has been reported on identifying and unravelling the sex pheromone mechanisms of hundreds of insect species. In the past two decades, the number of research studies on new insect pheromones, pheromone biosynthesis, mode of action, peripheral olfactory and neural mechanisms, and their practical applications in Integrated Pest Management has increased dramatically. An interdisciplinary approach that uses the advances and new techniques in analytical chemistry, chemical ecology, neurophysiology, genetics, and evolutionary and molecular biology has helped us to better understand the pheromone perception mechanisms and its practical application in agricultural pest management. In this review, we present the most recent developments in pheromone research and its application in the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin George
- Southern Insect Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (J.G.); (G.V.P.R.)
| | - Gadi V. P. Reddy
- Southern Insect Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (J.G.); (G.V.P.R.)
| | - Xinnian Zeng
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Angel Guerrero
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (A.G.)
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26
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Wu C, Twort VG, Newcomb RD, Buckley TR. Divergent Gene Expression Following Duplication of Meiotic Genes in the Stick Insect Clitarchus hookeri. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6245840. [PMID: 33885769 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Some animal groups, such as stick insects (Phasmatodea), have repeatedly evolved alternative reproductive strategies, including parthenogenesis. Genomic studies have found modification of the genes underlying meiosis exists in some of these animals. Here we examine the evolution of copy number, evolutionary rate, and gene expression in candidate meiotic genes of the New Zealand geographic parthenogenetic stick insect Clitarchus hookeri. We characterized 101 genes from a de novo transcriptome assembly from female and male gonads that have homology with meiotic genes from other arthropods. For each gene we determined copy number, the pattern of gene duplication relative to other arthropod orthologs, and the potential for meiosis-specific expression. There are five genes duplicated in C. hookeri, including one also duplicated in the stick insect Timema cristinae, that are not or are uncommonly duplicated in other arthropods. These included two sister chromatid cohesion associated genes (SA2 and SCC2), a recombination gene (HOP1), an RNA-silencing gene (AGO2) and a cell-cycle regulation gene (WEE1). Interestingly, WEE1 and SA2 are also duplicated in the cyclical parthenogenetic aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum and Daphnia duplex, respectively, indicating possible roles in the evolution of reproductive mode. Three of these genes (SA2, SCC2, and WEE1) have one copy displaying gonad-specific expression. All genes, with the exception of WEE1, have significantly different nonsynonymous/synonymous ratios between the gene duplicates, indicative of a shift in evolutionary constraints following duplication. These results suggest that stick insects may have evolved genes with novel functions in gamete production by gene duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand.,New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Victoria G Twort
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand.,Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard D Newcomb
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.,New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas R Buckley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
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27
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Sun X, Liu W, Li R, Zhao C, Pan L, Yan C. A chromosome level genome assembly of Propsilocerus akamusi to understand its response to heavy metal exposure. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:1996-2012. [PMID: 33710757 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chironomidae species are universally used for studying the impact of pollutants in aquatic systems. The nonbiting midge Propsilocerus akamusi is often found in urban streams and is suitable for use as a toxicological bioindicator. However, few studies have previously examined metal stress in this species. We sequenced the genome of this urban midge to address this question. Here, we present the first chromosome-level genome of P. akamusi, obtained from Illumina short-read and PacBio long-read sequences with Hi-C technology. The size of the very small assembled genome was 85.83 Mb with a contig N50 of 6.2 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 26.1 Mb. This assembly revealed significant expansion of haemoglobin (Hb) genes, some of which formed large tandem repeats. Transcriptomic studies for copper tolerance identified four genes in the tandem array that were highly expressed, all of which presented intron loss. This characteristic might highlight the potential role of Hb genes in copper tolerance. Additionally, detoxification genes, chemosensory genes and heat shock protein genes of this midge were identified, some of which are associated with metal stress. The high-quality assembled genome of P. akamusi and the transcriptomic analyses provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of heavy metal stress. Our comparison of the P. akamusi genome with other dipteran genomes provides valuable resources for understanding the evolutionary history, genetics, and ecology of this species as well as those of other midges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruoqun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuncai Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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28
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Han WH, Zou C, Qian LX, Wang C, Wang XW, Liu YQ, Wang XR. Functional Analysis of Alkaline Phosphatase in Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Middle East Asia Minor 1 and Mediterranean) on Different Host Plants. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:497. [PMID: 33805320 PMCID: PMC8065556 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatases (ALPs: EC 3.1.3.1) are ubiquitous enzymes and play crucial roles in the fundamental phosphate uptake and secretory processes. Although insects are regarded as the most diverse group of organisms, the current understanding of ALP roles in insects is limited. As one type of destructive agricultural pest, whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a phloem feeder and invasive species, can cause extensive crop damage through feeding and transmitting plant diseases. In this study, we retrieved five ALP genes in MEAM1 whitefly, nine ALP genes in MED whitefly via comparative genomics approaches. Compared with nine other insects, whiteflies' ALP gene family members did not undergo significant expansion during insect evolution, and whiteflies' ALP genes were dispersed. Moreover, whiteflies' ALP gene family was conserved among insects and emerged before speciation via phylogenetic analysis. Whiteflies' ALP gene expression profiles presented that most ALP genes have different expression patterns after feeding on cotton or tobacco plants. Female/male MED whiteflies possessed higher ALP activities on both cotton and tobacco plants irrespective of sex, relative to MEAM1 whiteflies. Meanwhile, adult MED whiteflies possessed higher ALP activity in both whole insect and salivary samples, relative to MEAM1 whiteflies. We also found that both MED and MEAM1 whiteflies could upregulate ALP activities after feeding on cotton compared with feeding on tobacco plants. These findings demonstrated the functions of whiteflies ALPs and will assist the further study of the genomic evolution of insect ALPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin-Ru Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.-H.H.); (C.Z.); (L.-X.Q.); (C.W.); (X.-W.W.); (Y.-Q.L.)
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29
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Dada N, Jupatanakul N, Minard G, Short SM, Akorli J, Villegas LM. Considerations for mosquito microbiome research from the Mosquito Microbiome Consortium. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:36. [PMID: 33522965 PMCID: PMC7849159 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in mosquito microbiome research, leading to large amounts of data on different mosquito species, with various underlying physiological characteristics, and from diverse geographical locations. However, guidelines and standardized methods for conducting mosquito microbiome research are lacking. To streamline methods in mosquito microbiome research and optimize data quality, reproducibility, and comparability, as well as facilitate data curation in a centralized location, we are establishing the Mosquito Microbiome Consortium, a collaborative initiative for the advancement of mosquito microbiome research. Our overall goal is to collectively work on unraveling the role of the mosquito microbiome in mosquito biology, while critically evaluating its potential for mosquito-borne disease control. This perspective serves to introduce the consortium and invite broader participation. It highlights the issues we view as most pressing to the community and proposes guidelines for conducting mosquito microbiome research. We focus on four broad areas in this piece: (1) sampling/experimental design for field, semi-field, or laboratory studies; (2) metadata collection; (3) sample processing, sequencing, and use of appropriate controls; and (4) data handling and analysis. We finally summarize current challenges and highlight future directions in mosquito microbiome research. We hope that this piece will spark discussions around this area of disease vector biology, as well as encourage careful considerations in the design and implementation of mosquito microbiome research. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nsa Dada
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Natapong Jupatanakul
- Protein-Ligand Engineering and Molecular Biology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Khlong Neung, Thailand
| | - Guillaume Minard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sarah M Short
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Jewelna Akorli
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Genome Size Estimation of Callipogon relictus Semenov (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an Endangered Species and a Korea Natural Monument. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020111. [PMID: 33513896 PMCID: PMC7910860 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The longhorned beetle Calipogon relictus has been considered as a class I endangered species since 2012 in Korea. In an attempt towards beetle conservation, we estimated its genome size at 1.8 ± 0.2 Gb, representing one of the largest cerambycid genomes. This study provides useful insight at the genome level and facilitates the development of an effective conservation strategy. Abstract We estimated the genome size of a relict longhorn beetle, Callipogon relictus Semenov (Cerambycidae: Prioninae)—the Korean natural monument no. 218 and a Class I endangered species—using a combination of flow cytometry and k-mer analysis. The two independent methods enabled accurate estimation of the genome size in Cerambycidae for the first time. The genome size of C. relictus was 1.8 ± 0.2 Gb, representing one of the largest cerambycid genomes studied to date. An accurate estimation of genome size of a critically endangered longhorned beetle is a major milestone in our understanding and characterization of the C. relictus genome. Ultimately, the findings provide useful insight into insect genomics and genome size evolution, particularly among beetles.
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Xing L, Xi Y, Qiao X, Huang C, Wu Q, Yang N, Guo J, Liu W, Fan W, Wan F, Qian W. The landscape of lncRNAs in Cydia pomonella provides insights into their signatures and potential roles in transcriptional regulation. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:4. [PMID: 33402093 PMCID: PMC7786964 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as an important class of transcriptional regulators in cellular processes. The past decades have witnessed great progress in lncRNA studies in a variety of organisms. The codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) is an important invasive insect in China. However, the functional impact of lncRNAs in this insect remains unclear. In this study, an atlas of codling moth lncRNAs was constructed based on publicly available RNA-seq datasets. Results In total, 9875 lncRNA transcripts encoded by 9161 loci were identified in the codling moth. As expected, the lncRNAs exhibited shorter transcript lengths, lower GC contents, and lower expression levels than protein-coding genes (PCGs). Additionally, the lncRNAs were more likely to show tissue-specific expression patterns than PCGs. Interestingly, a substantial fraction of the lncRNAs showed a testis-biased expression pattern. Additionally, conservation analysis indicated that lncRNA sequences were weakly conserved across insect species, though additional lncRNAs with homologous relationships could be identified based on synteny, suggesting that synteny could be a more reliable approach for the cross-species comparison of lncRNAs. Furthermore, the correlation analysis of lncRNAs with neighbouring PCGs indicated a stronger correlation between them, suggesting potential cis-acting roles of these lncRNAs in the regulation of gene expression. Conclusions Taken together, our work provides a valuable resource for the comparative and functional study of lncRNAs, which will facilitate the understanding of their mechanistic roles in transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longsheng Xing
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Nianwan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wanxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Fanghao Wan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Wanqiang Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
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Xu L, Zhang J, Zhan A, Wang Y, Ma X, Jie W, Cao Z, Omar MAA, He K, Li F. Identification and Analysis of MicroRNAs Associated with Wing Polyphenism in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9754. [PMID: 33371331 PMCID: PMC7767257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many insects are capable of developing two types of wings (i.e., wing polyphenism) to adapt to various environments. Though the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating animal growth and development have been well studied, their potential roles in modulating wing polyphenism remain largely elusive. To identify wing polyphenism-related miRNAs, we isolated small RNAs from 1st to 5th instar nymphs of long-wing (LW) and short-wing (SW) strains of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. Small RNA libraries were then constructed and sequenced, yielding 158 conserved and 96 novel miRNAs. Among these, 122 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the two BPH strains. Specifically, 47, 2, 27 and 41 miRNAs were more highly expressed in the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars, respectively, of the LW strain compared with the SW strain. In contrast, 47, 3, 29 and 25 miRNAs were more highly expressed in the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars, respectively, of the SW strain compared with the LW strain. Next, we predicted the targets of these miRNAs and carried out Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. We found that a number of pathways might be involved in wing form determination, such as the insulin, MAPK, mTOR, FoxO and thyroid hormone signaling pathways and the thyroid hormone synthesis pathway. Thirty and 45 differentially expressed miRNAs targeted genes in the insulin signaling and insect hormone biosynthesis pathways, respectively, which are related to wing dimorphism. Among these miRNAs, Nlu-miR-14-3p, Nlu-miR-9a-5p and Nlu-miR-315-5p, were confirmed to interact with insulin receptors (NlInRs) in dual luciferase reporter assays. These discoveries are helpful for understanding the miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism of wing polyphenism in BPHs and shed new light on how insects respond to environmental cues through developmental plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (A.Z.); (X.M.); (Z.C.); (M.A.A.O.); (F.L.)
| | - Jiao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Anran Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (A.Z.); (X.M.); (Z.C.); (M.A.A.O.); (F.L.)
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xingzhou Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (A.Z.); (X.M.); (Z.C.); (M.A.A.O.); (F.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Wencai Jie
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Zhenghong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (A.Z.); (X.M.); (Z.C.); (M.A.A.O.); (F.L.)
| | - Mohamed A. A. Omar
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (A.Z.); (X.M.); (Z.C.); (M.A.A.O.); (F.L.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Kang He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (A.Z.); (X.M.); (Z.C.); (M.A.A.O.); (F.L.)
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (A.Z.); (X.M.); (Z.C.); (M.A.A.O.); (F.L.)
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Wang J, Chen X, He F, Song X, Huang S, Yue W, Chen Y, Su Z, Wang C. Global Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles Provides Novel Insights into the Development and Evolution of the Large Crustacean Eriocheir sinensis. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 18:443-454. [PMID: 33346084 PMCID: PMC8242267 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an important aquaculture species in Crustacea. Functional analysis, although essential, has been hindered due to the lack of sufficient genomic or transcriptomic resources. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on 59 samples representing diverse developmental stages (fertilized eggs, zoea, megalopa, three sub-stages of larvae, juvenile crabs, and adult crabs) and different tissues (eyestalk, hepatopancreas, and muscle from juvenile crabs, and eyestalk, hepatopancreas, muscle, heart, stomach, gill, thoracic ganglia, intestine, ovary, and testis from adult crabs) of E. sinensis. A comprehensive reference transcriptome was assembled, including 19,023 protein-coding genes. Hierarchical clustering based on 128 differentially expressed cuticle-related genes revealed two distinct expression patterns during the early larval developmental stages, demonstrating the distinct roles of these genes in “crab-like” cuticle formation during metamorphosis and cuticle calcification after molting. Phylogenetic analysis of 1406 one-to-one orthologous gene families identified from seven arthropod species and Caenorhabditis elegans strongly supported the hypothesis that Malacostraca and Branchiopoda do not form a monophyletic group. Furthermore, Branchiopoda is more phylogenetically closely related to Hexapoda, and the clade of Hexapoda and Branchiopoda and the clade of Malacostraca belong to the Pancrustacea. This study offers a high-quality transcriptome resource for E. sinensis and demonstrates the evolutionary relationships of major arthropod groups. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study facilitate further investigation of the cuticle-related gene expression networks which are likely associated with “crab-like” cuticle formation during metamorphosis and cuticle calcification after molting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Funan He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wucheng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yipei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhixi Su
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Chen L, Lang K, Mei Y, Shi Z, He K, Li F, Xiao H, Ye G, Han Z. FastD: Fast detection of insecticide target-site mutations and overexpressed detoxification genes in insect populations from RNA-Seq data. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:14346-14358. [PMID: 33391720 PMCID: PMC7771117 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Target-site mutations and detoxification gene overexpression are two major mechanisms conferring insecticide resistance. Molecular assays applied to detect these resistance genetic markers are time-consuming and with high false-positive rates. RNA-Seq data contains information on the variations within expressed genomic regions and expression of detoxification genes. However, there is no corresponding method to detect resistance markers at present. Here, we collected 66 reported resistance mutations of four insecticide targets (AChE, VGSC, RyR, and nAChR) from 82 insect species. Next, we obtained 403 sequences of the four target genes and 12,665 sequences of three kinds of detoxification genes including P450s, GSTs, and CCEs. Then, we developed a Perl program, FastD, to detect target-site mutations and overexpressed detoxification genes from RNA-Seq data and constructed a web server for FastD (http://www.insect-genome.com/fastd). The estimation of FastD on simulated RNA-Seq data showed high sensitivity and specificity. We applied FastD to detect resistant markers in 15 populations of six insects, Plutella xylostella, Aphis gossypii, Anopheles arabiensis, Musca domestica, Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Apis mellifera. Results showed that 11 RyR mutations in P. xylostella, one nAChR mutation in A. gossypii, one VGSC mutation in A. arabiensis and five VGSC mutations in M. domestica were found to be with frequency difference >40% between resistant and susceptible populations including previously confirmed mutations G4946E in RyR, R81T in nAChR and L1014F in VGSC. And 49 detoxification genes were found to be overexpressed in resistant populations compared with susceptible populations including previously confirmed detoxification genes CYP6BG1, CYP6CY22, CYP6CY13, CYP6P3, CYP6M2, CYP6P4 and CYP4G16. The candidate target-site mutations and detoxification genes were worth further validation. Resistance estimates according to confirmed markers were consistent with population phenotypes, confirming the reliability of this program in predicting population resistance at omics-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Chen
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of EntomologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kun Lang
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of EntomologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Mei
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhenmin Shi
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kang He
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fei Li
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Huamei Xiao
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation of Jiangxi ProvinceCollege of Life Sciences and Resource EnvironmentYichun UniversityYichunChina
| | - Gongyin Ye
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhaojun Han
- Department of EntomologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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Ma W, Xu L, Hua H, Chen M, Guo M, He K, Zhao J, Li F. Chromosomal-level genomes of three rice planthoppers provide new insights into sex chromosome evolution. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 21:226-237. [PMID: 32780934 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera, and small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus are three major insect pests of rice. They are genetically close; however, they differ in several ecological traits such as host range, migration capacity, and in their sex chromosomes. Though the draft genome of these three planthoppers have been previously released, the quality of genome assemblies need to be improved. The absence of chromosome-level genome resources has hindered in-depth research of these three species. Here, we performed a de novo genome assembly for N. lugens to increase its genome assembly quality with PacBio and Illumina platforms, increasing the contig N50 to 589.46 Kb. Then, with the new N. lugens genome and previously reported S. furcifera and L. striatellus genome assemblies, we generated chromosome-level scaffold assemblies of these three planthopper species using HiC scaffolding technique. The scaffold N50s significantly increased to 77.63 Mb, 43.36 Mb and 29.24 Mb for N. lugens, S. furcifera and L. striatellus, respectively. To identify sex chromosomes of these three planthopper species, we carried out genome re-sequencing of males and females and successfully determined the X and Y chromosomes for N. lugens, and X chromosome for S. furcifera and L. striatellus. The gene content of the sex chromosomes showed high diversity among these three planthoppers suggesting the rapid evolution of sex-linked genes, and all chromosomes showed high synteny. The chromosome-level genome assemblies of three planthoppers would provide a valuable resource for a broad range of future research in molecular ecology, and subsequently benefits development of modern pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Ma
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Le Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjian Guo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Li C, Zhang H, Gao R, Zuo W, Liu Y, Hu H, Luan Y, Lu C, Tong X, Dai F. Identification and effect of Zf-AD-containing C2H2 zinc finger genes on BmNPV replication in the silkworm (Bombyx mori). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 170:104678. [PMID: 32980066 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zf-AD-containing C2H2 zinc -finger genes (ZAD) are uniquely present and have lineage-specific expansion in arthropods. Arthropods are also the hosts of Baculoviruses. We studied the possible relationship between the lineage-specific expansion of ZAD genes and arthropod-Baculovirus co-evolution. We used the silkworm (Bombyx mori) as a model. We identified 73 ZAD genes (BmZAD) in the silkworm. Sequence-based similarity analysis showed that nine clusters involving 28 BmZADs may have undergone species-specific expansion in the silkworm. Expression pattern analysis showed that the BmZADs were divided into five groups. Group I comprised 10 genes with high expression in multiple tissues, suggesting that BmZADs may play roles in the development of various tissues. We identified six BmZADs that could be induced by the Nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). Among them, BmZAD69 expression is capable of responding to BmNPV infection, and the ZAD domain is indispensable for the function of BmZAD69 in BmNPV replication. We also detected a 3 bp deletion at 1.7 kb upstream of BmZAD69, which may make it more sensitive to BmNPV infection, and thus elevate the BmNPV resistance in Qiufeng_N, a strain with strong virus resistance. These data suggest that BmZADs may be involved in BmNPV infection and that ZAD genes may play a role in arthropod-Baculovirus co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weidong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yue Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Luo M, Finet C, Cong H, Wei HY, Chung H. The evolution of insect metallothioneins. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202189. [PMID: 33109013 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins that are important in the chelating and detoxification of toxic heavy metals. Until now, the short length and the low sequence complexity of MTs have hindered the inference of robust phylogenies, hampering the study of their evolution. To address this longstanding question, we applied an iterative BLAST search pipeline that allowed us to build a unique dataset of more than 300 MT sequences in insects. By combining phylogenetics and synteny analysis, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of MTs in insects. We show that the MT content in insects has been shaped by lineage-specific tandem duplications from a single ancestral MT. Strikingly, we also uncovered a sixth MT, MtnF, in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. MtnF evolves faster than other MTs and is characterized by a non-canonical length and higher cysteine content. Our methodological framework not only paves the way for future studies on heavy metal detoxification but can also allow us to identify other previously unidentified genes and other low complexity genomic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Luo
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Cédric Finet
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138527, Republic of Singapore
| | - Haosu Cong
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hong-Yi Wei
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Henry Chung
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Bao R, Friedrich M. Genomic signatures of globally enhanced gene duplicate accumulation in the megadiverse higher Diptera fueling intralocus sexual conflict resolution. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10012. [PMID: 33083121 PMCID: PMC7560327 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene duplication is an important source of evolutionary innovation. To explore the relative impact of gene duplication during the diversification of major insect model system lineages, we performed a comparative analysis of lineage-specific gene duplications in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Brachycera), the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicomorpha), the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera), and the honeybee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera). Focusing on close to 6,000 insect core gene families containing maximally six paralogs, we detected a conspicuously higher number of lineage-specific duplications in Drosophila (689) compared to Anopheles (315), Tribolium (386), and Apis (223). Based on analyses of sequence divergence, phylogenetic distribution, and gene ontology information, we present evidence that an increased background rate of gene duplicate accumulation played an exceptional role during the diversification of the higher Diptera (Brachycera), in part by providing enriched opportunities for intralocus sexual conflict resolution, which may have boosted speciation rates during the early radiation of the megadiverse brachyceran subclade Schizophora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyue Bao
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Markus Friedrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Chang ZX, Ajayi OE, Guo DY, Wu QF. Genome-wide characterization and developmental expression profiling of long non-coding RNAs in Sogatella furcifera. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:987-997. [PMID: 31264303 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The genome-wide characterization of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in insects demonstrates their importance in fundamental biological processes. Essentially, an in-depth understanding of the functional repertoire of lncRNA in insects is pivotal to insect resources utilization and sustainable pest control. Using a custom bioinformatics pipeline, we identified 1861 lncRNAs encoded by 1852 loci in the Sogatella furcifera genome. We profiled lncRNA expression in different developmental stages and observed that the expression of lncRNAs is more highly temporally restricted compared to protein-coding genes. More up-regulated Sogatella furcifera lncRNA expressed in the embryo, 4th and 5th instars, suggesting that increased lncRNA levels may play a role in these developmental stages. We compared the relationship between the expression of Sogatella furcifera lncRNA and its nearest protein gene and found that lncRNAs were more correlated to their downstream coding neighbors on the opposite strand. Our genome-wide profiling of lncRNAs in Sogatella furcifera identifies exciting candidates for characterization of lncRNAs, and also provides information on lncRNA regulation during insect development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xia Chang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Olugbenga Emmanuel Ajayi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dong-Yang Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Fa Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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40
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Petkevicius K, Löfstedt C, Borodina I. Insect sex pheromone production in yeasts and plants. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:259-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Qu Z, Nong W, So WL, Barton-Owen T, Li Y, Leung TCN, Li C, Baril T, Wong AYP, Swale T, Chan TF, Hayward A, Ngai SM, Hui JHL. Millipede genomes reveal unique adaptations during myriapod evolution. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000636. [PMID: 32991578 PMCID: PMC7523956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Myriapoda, composed of millipedes and centipedes, is a fascinating but poorly understood branch of life, including species with a highly unusual body plan and a range of unique adaptations to their environment. Here, we sequenced and assembled 2 chromosomal-level genomes of the millipedes Helicorthomorpha holstii (assembly size = 182 Mb; shortest scaffold/contig length needed to cover 50% of the genome [N50] = 18.11 Mb mainly on 8 pseudomolecules) and Trigoniulus corallinus (assembly size = 449 Mb, N50 = 26.78 Mb mainly on 17 pseudomolecules). Unique genomic features, patterns of gene regulation, and defence systems in millipedes, not observed in other arthropods, are revealed. Both repeat content and intron size are major contributors to the observed differences in millipede genome size. Tight Hox and the first loose ecdysozoan ParaHox homeobox clusters are identified, and a myriapod-specific genomic rearrangement including Hox3 is also observed. The Argonaute (AGO) proteins for loading small RNAs are duplicated in both millipedes, but unlike in insects, an AGO duplicate has become a pseudogene. Evidence of post-transcriptional modification in small RNAs—including species-specific microRNA arm switching—providing differential gene regulation is also obtained. Millipedes possesses a unique ozadene defensive gland unlike the venomous forcipules found in centipedes. We identify sets of genes associated with the ozadene that play roles in chemical defence as well as antimicrobial activity. Macro-synteny analyses revealed highly conserved genomic blocks between the 2 millipedes and deuterostomes. Collectively, our analyses of millipede genomes reveal that a series of unique adaptations have occurred in this major lineage of arthropod diversity. The 2 high-quality millipede genomes provided here shed new light on the conserved and lineage-specific features of millipedes and centipedes. These findings demonstrate the importance of the consideration of both centipede and millipede genomes—and in particular the reconstruction of the myriapod ancestral situation—for future research to improve understanding of arthropod evolution, and animal evolutionary genomics more widely. Myriapods were among the first arthropods to invade the land over 400 million years ago, and survive today as the herbivorous millipedes and venomous centipedes. This study describes the genome sequences of two millipedes, Helicorthomorpha holstii and Trigoniulus corallinus, revealing unique adaptations not found in other arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wenyan Nong
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Lok So
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tom Barton-Owen
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yiqian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas C. N. Leung
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chade Li
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tobias Baril
- Department of Conservation and Ecology, Penryn Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Y. P. Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Swale
- Dovetail Genomics, Scotts Valley, California, United States of America
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alexander Hayward
- Department of Conservation and Ecology, Penryn Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sai-Ming Ngai
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jerome H. L. Hui
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
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Castillo-Alanis LA, González-Hernández AE, Quijano-Mateos A, Pedraza-Lara CS, Villavicencio-Queijeiro A, Bravo-Gómez ME. Standardization of a Culture Medium for Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) for Entomotoxicological Studies. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1421-1431. [PMID: 32440684 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the problems faced by entomotoxicological studies is the large variability of experimental set-ups and the absence of harmonized protocols to compare the data and results obtained by different research groups. Among the wide range of influencing factors on the development and growth of insects, food substrates are remarkably relevant. This article proposes a standardized growth medium to be employed in future entomotoxicological studies on the scuttle fly Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866), (Diptera: Phoridae). This species plays an important role in forensic cases related to the decomposition of human remains found indoors and/or in concealed environments, because of their small size and ability to enter these locations at an earlier time than many other insects. Because of these traits, it can be used for the estimation of the minimum postmortem interval (mPMI). We achieved the formulation of a medium that overcomes two traditional disadvantages of culture media used to raise necrophagous Diptera, the unknown media composition and different growth rates from those reared in tissue. The proposed medium is a known composition formulation, free of xenobiotics, in which M. scalaris shows growth rates and development times similar to those obtained when it is reared in tissue. This new diet might be used in future studies to test the effect of substances of forensic interest (prescription or illicit drugs, poisons, etc.) on the larval development time, helping to adjust the estimation of mPMI based on the presence of such substances. Additionally, the formulation revealed some interesting data about nutritional requirements of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Alejandra Castillo-Alanis
- Laboratorio de Toxicología y Química Forense, Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. ZC, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Edith González-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología y Química Forense, Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. ZC, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Quijano-Mateos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología y Química Forense, Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. ZC, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Salvador Pedraza-Lara
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. ZC, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexa Villavicencio-Queijeiro
- Laboratorio de Genética, Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. ZC, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Elena Bravo-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología y Química Forense, Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. ZC, Mexico City, Mexico
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Xiao H, Ye X, Xu H, Mei Y, Yang Y, Chen X, Yang Y, Liu T, Yu Y, Yang W, Lu Z, Li F. The genetic adaptations of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda facilitated its rapid global dispersal and invasion. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 20:1050-1068. [PMID: 32359007 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a lepidopteran insect pest that causes huge economic losses. This notorious insect pest has rapidly spread over the world in the past few years. However, the mechanisms of rapid dispersal are not well understood. Here, we report a chromosome-level assembled genome of the fall armyworm, named the ZJ-version, using PacBio and Hi-C technology. The sequenced individual was a female collected from the Zhejiang province of China and had high heterozygosity. The assembled genome size of ZJ-version was 486 Mb, containing 361 contigs with an N50 of 1.13 Mb. Hi-C scaffolding further assembled the genome into 31 chromosomes and a portion of W chromosome, representing 97.4% of all contigs and resulted in a chromosome-level genome with scaffold N50 of 16.3 Mb. The sex chromosomes were identified by genome resequencing of a single male pupa and a single female pupa. About 28% of the genome was annotated as repeat sequences, and 22,623 protein-coding genes were identified. Comparative genomics revealed the expansion of the detoxification-associated gene families, chemoreception-associated gene families, nutrition metabolism and transport system gene families in the fall armyworm. Transcriptomic and phylogenetic analyses focused on these gene families revealed the potential roles of the genes in polyphagia and invasion of fall armyworm. The high-quality of the fall armyworm genome provides an important genomic resource for further explorations of the mechanisms of polyphagia and insecticide resistance, as well as for pest management of fall armyworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China.,State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhai Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Yu
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Weifei Yang
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhou H, Hu W, Huang Q, Abouzaid M, Jin H, Sun Y, Qiu L, Zhang W, Lin Y, Ma W. Knockdown of cadherin genes decreases susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis produced Crystal toxins. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:301-308. [PMID: 31908051 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker, is one of the most destructive rice pests in Asia. Insecticidal crystal proteins (Cry toxins) produced by Bacillus thuringiensis are widely used as biopesticides or in developing transgenic crops for pest management. In this study, we tested the involvement of two newly cloned C. suppressalis cadherins (CsCAD3 and CsCAD4) in the toxicity of Cry1Ab/Ac, Cry2Aa and Cry1Ca. Our results showed that CsCAD4 was expressed highest in the midgut, whereas CsCAD3 was expressed highest in the epidermis. The feeding of double-stranded RNA specific to CsCAD3 and CsCAD4 respectively significantly suppressed the expressions of target gene. The knockdown of CsCAD3 significantly reduced the mortality of larvae to Cry1Ab/Ac, whereas knockdown of CsCAD4 significantly decreased the larval susceptibility to Cry2Aa. In contrast, reduced expressions of CsCAD3 or CsCAD4 were not interacted with larval susceptibility to Cry1Ca. Our results suggest that CsCAD3 and CsCAD4 function in Cry toxin toxicity and these findings will help us to better understand the action mechanism of Cry toxins in C. suppressalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - W Hu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Q Huang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - M Abouzaid
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - H Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - L Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - W Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - W Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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45
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Zhu Z, Guan Z, Liu G, Wang Y, Zhang Z. SGID: a comprehensive and interactive database of the silkworm. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2020; 2019:5677404. [PMID: 31836898 PMCID: PMC6911161 DOI: 10.1093/database/baz134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important model and economic animal, there is a lack of comprehensive database for this organism. Here, we developed the silkworm genome informatics database (SGID). It aims to bring together all silkworm-related biological data and provide an interactive platform for gene inquiry and analysis. The function annotation in SGID is thorough and covers 98% of the silkworm genes. The annotation details include function description, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, subcellular location, transmembrane topology, protein secondary/tertiary structure, homologous group and transcription factor. SGID provides genome-scale visualization of population genetics test results based on high-depth resequencing data of 158 silkworm samples. It also provides interactive analysis tools of transcriptomic and epigenomic data from 79 NCBI BioProjects. SGID will be extremely useful to silkworm research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, No.55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhufen Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, No.55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Gexin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, No.55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yawang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, No.55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China.,Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, No.55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
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46
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Wang K, Peng Y, Chen J, Peng Y, Wang X, Shen Z, Han Z. Comparison of efficacy of RNAi mediated by various nanoparticles in the rice striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 165:104467. [PMID: 32359547 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has proven to be a very promising prospect for insect pest control. However, low RNAi efficacy limits further development of this biotechnology for use on lepidopteran insects, including the rice striped stem borer (SSB) (Chilo suppressalis), one of the major destructive rice pests. In this work, the application of various nanoparticles (NPs) by which double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) could be encapsulated was evaluated as an alternative delivery strategy to potentially increase the bioactivity of dsRNA. Three NPs, chitosan, carbon quantum dot (CQD), and lipofectamine2000, complexed with dsRNA (to target the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (G3PDH)) were tested to examine their use in controlling SSB. Relative mRNA expressions were quantified using qPCR to evaluate knockdown efficiency of NP-dsRNA treated larvae, and the correlated dsRNA-mediated SSB larval mortality was tested. Thereafter, the content dynamics of hemolymph dsRNA after ingesting different NP-dsRNA were monitored in vivo; the hemolymph dsRNA content was in ratios of 5.67, 9.43, and 1 with chitosan, CQD, and lipofectamine2000 induced samples, respectively. The results demonstrated that all three tested NPs led to efficient feeding delivery by improving both dsRNA stability and cellular uptake equally. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation (r= 0.9854) between the hemolymph dsRNA contents and the average RNAi depletions in the non-gut tissues of SSB. Overall, our results strongly suggest that due to its strong endosomal escaping ability, CQD was the most efficient carrier for inducing systemic RNAi, and thereby causing effective gene silencing and mortality in SSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangxu Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects (Ministry of Agriculture), The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, The Jiangsu Province Center of Cooperative Innovation for Modern Grain Circulation and Security, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yingchuan Peng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects (Ministry of Agriculture), The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiasheng Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects (Ministry of Agriculture), The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Peng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects (Ministry of Agriculture), The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects (Ministry of Agriculture), The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zihan Shen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects (Ministry of Agriculture), The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaojun Han
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects (Ministry of Agriculture), The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China.
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47
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Balaban M, Sarmashghi S, Mirarab S. APPLES: Scalable Distance-Based Phylogenetic Placement with or without Alignments. Syst Biol 2020; 69:566-578. [PMID: 31545363 PMCID: PMC7164367 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Placing a new species on an existing phylogeny has increasing relevance to several applications. Placement can be used to update phylogenies in a scalable fashion and can help identify unknown query samples using (meta-)barcoding, skimming, or metagenomic data. Maximum likelihood (ML) methods of phylogenetic placement exist, but these methods are not scalable to reference trees with many thousands of leaves, limiting their ability to enjoy benefits of dense taxon sampling in modern reference libraries. They also rely on assembled sequences for the reference set and aligned sequences for the query. Thus, ML methods cannot analyze data sets where the reference consists of unassembled reads, a scenario relevant to emerging applications of genome skimming for sample identification. We introduce APPLES, a distance-based method for phylogenetic placement. Compared to ML, APPLES is an order of magnitude faster and more memory efficient, and unlike ML, it is able to place on large backbone trees (tested for up to 200,000 leaves). We show that using dense references improves accuracy substantially so that APPLES on dense trees is more accurate than ML on sparser trees, where it can run. Finally, APPLES can accurately identify samples without assembled reference or aligned queries using kmer-based distances, a scenario that ML cannot handle. APPLES is available publically at github.com/balabanmetin/apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Balaban
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, UC San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shahab Sarmashghi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UC San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Siavash Mirarab
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UC San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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48
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Smith NMA, Yagound B, Remnant EJ, Foster CSP, Buchmann G, Allsopp MH, Kent CF, Zayed A, Rose SA, Lo K, Ashe A, Harpur BA, Beekman M, Oldroyd BP. Paternally-biased gene expression follows kin-selected predictions in female honey bee embryos. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1523-1533. [PMID: 32220095 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Kinship Theory of Genomic Imprinting (KTGI) posits that, in species where females mate with multiple males, there is selection for a male to enhance the reproductive success of his offspring at the expense of other males and his mating partner. Reciprocal crosses between honey bee subspecies show parent-of-origin effects for reproductive traits, suggesting that males modify the expression of genes related to female function in their female offspring. This effect is likely to be greater in the Cape honey bee (Apis mellifera capensis), because a male's daughters have the unique ability to produce female offspring that can develop into reproductive workers or the next queen without mating. We generated reciprocal crosses between Capensis and another subspecies and used RNA-seq to identify transcripts that are over- or underexpressed in the embryos, depending on the parental origin of the gene. As predicted, 21 genes showed expression bias towards the Capensis father's allele in colonies with a Capensis father, with no such bias in the reciprocal cross. A further six genes showed a consistent bias towards expression of the father's allele across all eight colonies examined, regardless of the direction of the cross. Consistent with predictions of the KTGI, six of the 21 genes are associated with female reproduction. No gene consistently showed overexpression of the maternal allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M A Smith
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Yagound
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily J Remnant
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles S P Foster
- Evolutionary and Integrative Zoology Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabriele Buchmann
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael H Allsopp
- Honey Bee Research Section, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Clement F Kent
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amro Zayed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen A Rose
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kitty Lo
- Statistics Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alyson Ashe
- Molecular Biosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brock A Harpur
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Madeleine Beekman
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Oldroyd
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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49
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Tang Y, He H, Qu X, Cai Y, Ding W, Qiu L, Li Y. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the transcription factor Krüppel homologue 1 suppresses vitellogenesis in Chilo suppressalis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:183-192. [PMID: 31566829 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenesis in holometabolous insects involves the production and secretion of vitellogenin (Vg) and other yolk protein precursors in developing oocyte by the fat body, all of which is predominantly orchestrated by juvenile hormone (JH). Krüppel homologue 1 (Kr-h1) is a zinc finger transcription factor that has been demonstrated to be a JH-early inducible gene and to contribute to reproduction. However, the exact molecular function of Kr-h1 in insect reproduction is poorly understood. In the current study, we used the notorious pest Chilo suppressalis as a model system to investigate the role of Kr-h1 in female reproduction. Cloning and sequencing C. suppressalis Kr-h1 revealed that it shares high identity with its homologues from other lepidopteran insects. Moreover, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of CsKr-h1 substantially reduced the transcription of Vg in the fat body, dramatically decreased yolk protein deposition and also impaired oocyte maturation and ovarian development, indicating that Kr-h1 is indispensable for normal vitellogenesis in C. suppressalis. Based on these results, we conclude that Kr-h1 is crucial to reproduction in insects and that targeting this gene could potentially be a new way to suppress rice pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - H He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - X Qu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Y Cai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - W Ding
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Biopesticide and Formulation Processing, Changsha, China
| | - L Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Y Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Characterization and expression analysis of seven putative JHBPs in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain: Putative relationship with methyl farnesoate. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 241:110390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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