1
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Chiang IKN, Humphrey D, Mills RJ, Kaltzis P, Pachauri S, Graus M, Saha D, Wu Z, Young P, Sim CB, Davidson T, Hernandez‐Garcia A, Shaw CA, Renwick A, Scott DA, Porrello ER, Wong ES, Hudson JE, Red‐Horse K, del Monte‐Nieto G, Francois M. Sox7-positive endothelial progenitors establish coronary arteries and govern ventricular compaction. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55043. [PMID: 37551717 PMCID: PMC10561369 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac endothelium influences ventricular chamber development by coordinating trabeculation and compaction. However, the endothelial-specific molecular mechanisms mediating this coordination are not fully understood. Here, we identify the Sox7 transcription factor as a critical cue instructing cardiac endothelium identity during ventricular chamber development. Endothelial-specific loss of Sox7 function in mice results in cardiac ventricular defects similar to non-compaction cardiomyopathy, with a change in the proportions of trabecular and compact cardiomyocytes in the mutant hearts. This phenotype is paralleled by abnormal coronary artery formation. Loss of Sox7 function disrupts the transcriptional regulation of the Notch pathway and connexins 37 and 40, which govern coronary arterial specification. Upon Sox7 endothelial-specific deletion, single-nuclei transcriptomics analysis identifies the depletion of a subset of Sox9/Gpc3-positive endocardial progenitor cells and an increase in erythro-myeloid cell lineages. Fate mapping analysis reveals that a subset of Sox7-null endothelial cells transdifferentiate into hematopoietic but not cardiomyocyte lineages. Our findings determine that Sox7 maintains cardiac endothelial cell identity, which is crucial to the cellular cross-talk that drives ventricular compaction and coronary artery development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy KN Chiang
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - David Humphrey
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
| | - Richard J Mills
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Peter Kaltzis
- The Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Shikha Pachauri
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Matthew Graus
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Diptarka Saha
- The Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Zhijian Wu
- The Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Paul Young
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
| | - Choon Boon Sim
- The Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Tara Davidson
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Chad A Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Alexander Renwick
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- The Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative MedicineThe Royal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Emily S Wong
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
| | - James E Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | | | | | - Mathias Francois
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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2
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Meeussen JVW, Pomp W, Brouwer I, de Jonge WJ, Patel HP, Lenstra TL. Transcription factor clusters enable target search but do not contribute to target gene activation. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:5449-5468. [PMID: 36987884 PMCID: PMC10287935 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Many transcription factors (TFs) localize in nuclear clusters of locally increased concentrations, but how TF clustering is regulated and how it influences gene expression is not well understood. Here, we use quantitative microscopy in living cells to study the regulation and function of clustering of the budding yeast TF Gal4 in its endogenous context. Our results show that Gal4 forms clusters that overlap with the GAL loci. Cluster number, density and size are regulated in different growth conditions by the Gal4-inhibitor Gal80 and Gal4 concentration. Gal4 truncation mutants reveal that Gal4 clustering is facilitated by, but does not completely depend on DNA binding and intrinsically disordered regions. Moreover, we discover that clustering acts as a double-edged sword: self-interactions aid TF recruitment to target genes, but recruited Gal4 molecules that are not DNA-bound do not contribute to, and may even inhibit, transcription activation. We propose that cells need to balance the different effects of TF clustering on target search and transcription activation to facilitate proper gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph V W Meeussen
- Division of Gene Regulation, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Pomp
- Division of Gene Regulation, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke Brouwer
- Division of Gene Regulation, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J de Jonge
- Division of Gene Regulation, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heta P Patel
- Division of Gene Regulation, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke L Lenstra
- Division of Gene Regulation, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Yano N, Fedulov AV. Targeted DNA Demethylation: Vectors, Effectors and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051334. [PMID: 37239005 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA hypermethylation at regulatory cis-elements of particular genes is seen in a plethora of pathological conditions including cardiovascular, neurological, immunological, gastrointestinal and renal diseases, as well as in cancer, diabetes and others. Thus, approaches for experimental and therapeutic DNA demethylation have a great potential to demonstrate mechanistic importance, and even causality of epigenetic alterations, and may open novel avenues to epigenetic cures. However, existing methods based on DNA methyltransferase inhibitors that elicit genome-wide demethylation are not suitable for treatment of diseases with specific epimutations and provide a limited experimental value. Therefore, gene-specific epigenetic editing is a critical approach for epigenetic re-activation of silenced genes. Site-specific demethylation can be achieved by utilizing sequence-dependent DNA-binding molecules such as zinc finger protein array (ZFA), transcription activator-like effector (TALE) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated dead Cas9 (CRISPR/dCas9). Synthetic proteins, where these DNA-binding domains are fused with the DNA demethylases such as ten-eleven translocation (Tet) and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) enzymes, successfully induced or enhanced transcriptional responsiveness at targeted loci. However, a number of challenges, including the dependence on transgenesis for delivery of the fusion constructs, remain issues to be solved. In this review, we detail current and potential approaches to gene-specific DNA demethylation as a novel epigenetic editing-based therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Yano
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Alexey V Fedulov
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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4
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Duan Y, Tan Y, Wei X, Pei X, Li M. Versatile Strategy for the Construction of a Transcription Factor-Based Orthogonal Gene Expression Toolbox in Monascus spp. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:213-223. [PMID: 36625512 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is needed to be conducted in an orthogonal manner and controllable independently from the host's native regulatory system. However, there is a shortage of gene expression regulatory toolboxes that function orthogonally from each other and toward the host. Herein, we developed a strategy based on the mutant library to generate orthogonal gene expression toolboxes. A transcription factor, MaR, located in the Monascus azaphilone biosynthetic gene cluster, was taken as a typical example. Nine DNA-binding residues of MaR were identified by molecular simulation and site-directed mutagenesis. We created five MaR multi-site saturation mutagenesis libraries consisting of 10743 MaR variants on the basis of five cognate promoters. A functional analysis revealed that all five tested promoters were orthogonally regulated by five different MaR variants, respectively. Furthermore, fine gene expression tunability and high signal sensitivity of this toolbox are demonstrated by introducing chemically inducible expression modules, designing synthetic promoter elements, and creating protein-protein interaction between MaRs. This study paves the way for a bottom-up approach to build orthogonal gene expression toolboxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Duan
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province430070, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province430070, China
| | - Yingao Tan
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province430070, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province430070, China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province430070, China
| | - Xiaolin Pei
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou310012, China
| | - Mu Li
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province430070, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province430070, China
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5
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Chen Y, Cattoglio C, Dailey GM, Zhu Q, Tjian R, Darzacq X. Mechanisms governing target search and binding dynamics of hypoxia-inducible factors. eLife 2022; 11:e75064. [PMID: 36322456 PMCID: PMC9681212 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are classically attributed a modular construction, containing well-structured sequence-specific DNA-binding domains (DBDs) paired with disordered activation domains (ADs) responsible for protein-protein interactions targeting co-factors or the core transcription initiation machinery. However, this simple division of labor model struggles to explain why TFs with identical DNA-binding sequence specificity determined in vitro exhibit distinct binding profiles in vivo. The family of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) offer a stark example: aberrantly expressed in several cancer types, HIF-1α and HIF-2α subunit isoforms recognize the same DNA motif in vitro - the hypoxia response element (HRE) - but only share a subset of their target genes in vivo, while eliciting contrasting effects on cancer development and progression under certain circumstances. To probe the mechanisms mediating isoform-specific gene regulation, we used live-cell single particle tracking (SPT) to investigate HIF nuclear dynamics and how they change upon genetic perturbation or drug treatment. We found that HIF-α subunits and their dimerization partner HIF-1β exhibit distinct diffusion and binding characteristics that are exquisitely sensitive to concentration and subunit stoichiometry. Using domain-swap variants, mutations, and a HIF-2α specific inhibitor, we found that although the DBD and dimerization domains are important, another main determinant of chromatin binding and diffusion behavior is the AD-containing intrinsically disordered region (IDR). Using Cut&Run and RNA-seq as orthogonal genomic approaches, we also confirmed IDR-dependent binding and activation of a specific subset of HIF target genes. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated role of IDRs in regulating the TF search and binding process that contribute to functional target site selectivity on chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical & Health Sciences, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Claudia Cattoglio
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical & Health Sciences, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Gina M Dailey
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical & Health Sciences, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Qiulin Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical & Health Sciences, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Robert Tjian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical & Health Sciences, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Xavier Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical & Health Sciences, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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6
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de Jonge WJ, Patel HP, Meeussen JVW, Lenstra TL. Following the tracks: how transcription factor binding dynamics control transcription. Biophys J 2022; 121:1583-1592. [PMID: 35337845 PMCID: PMC9117886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription, the process of copying genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, is regulated by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins known as transcription factors (TFs). Recent advances in single-molecule tracking (SMT) technologies have enabled visualization of individual TF molecules as they diffuse and interact with the DNA in the context of living cells. These SMT studies have uncovered multiple populations of DNA binding events characterized by their distinctive DNA residence times. In this perspective, we review recent insights into how these residence times relate to specific and non-specific DNA binding, as well as the contribution of TF domains on the DNA binding dynamics. We discuss different models that aim to link transient DNA binding by TFs to bursts of transcription and present an outlook for how future advances in microscopy development may broaden our understanding of the dynamics of the molecular steps that underlie transcription activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim J de Jonge
- Division of Gene Regulation, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heta P Patel
- Division of Gene Regulation, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph V W Meeussen
- Division of Gene Regulation, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke L Lenstra
- Division of Gene Regulation, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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7
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Pugacheva EM, Kubo N, Loukinov D, Tajmul M, Kang S, Kovalchuk AL, Strunnikov AV, Zentner GE, Ren B, Lobanenkov VV. CTCF mediates chromatin looping via N-terminal domain-dependent cohesin retention. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2020-2031. [PMID: 31937660 PMCID: PMC6995019 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911708117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA-binding protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and the cohesin complex function together to shape chromatin architecture in mammalian cells, but the molecular details of this process remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a 79-aa region within the CTCF N terminus is essential for cohesin positioning at CTCF binding sites and chromatin loop formation. However, the N terminus of CTCF fused to artificial zinc fingers was not sufficient to redirect cohesin to non-CTCF binding sites, indicating a lack of an autonomously functioning domain in CTCF responsible for cohesin positioning. BORIS (CTCFL), a germline-specific paralog of CTCF, was unable to anchor cohesin to CTCF DNA binding sites. Furthermore, CTCF-BORIS chimeric constructs provided evidence that, besides the N terminus of CTCF, the first two CTCF zinc fingers, and likely the 3D geometry of CTCF-DNA complexes, are also involved in cohesin retention. Based on this knowledge, we were able to convert BORIS into CTCF with respect to cohesin positioning, thus providing additional molecular details of the ability of CTCF to retain cohesin. Taken together, our data provide insight into the process by which DNA-bound CTCF constrains cohesin movement to shape spatiotemporal genome organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Pugacheva
- Molecular Pathology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Naoki Kubo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Dmitri Loukinov
- Molecular Pathology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Md Tajmul
- Molecular Pathology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sungyun Kang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Alexander L Kovalchuk
- Molecular Pathology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alexander V Strunnikov
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Science Park, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Gabriel E Zentner
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0653
- Moores Cancer Center and Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0653
| | - Victor V Lobanenkov
- Molecular Pathology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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8
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Norton LJ, Hallal S, Stout ES, Funnell APW, Pearson RCM, Crossley M, Quinlan KGR. Direct competition between DNA binding factors highlights the role of Krüppel-like Factor 1 in the erythroid/megakaryocyte switch. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3137. [PMID: 28600522 PMCID: PMC5466599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family of transcription factors play critical roles in haematopoiesis. KLF1, the founding member of the family, has been implicated in the control of both erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. Here we describe a novel system using an artificial dominant negative isoform of KLF1 to investigate the role of KLF1 in the erythroid/megakaryocytic switch in vivo. We developed murine cell lines stably overexpressing a GST-KLF1 DNA binding domain fusion protein (GST-KLF1 DBD), as well as lines expressing GST only as a control. Interestingly, overexpression of GST-KLF1 DBD led to an overall reduction in erythroid features and an increase in megakaryocytic features indicative of a reduced function of endogenous KLF1. We simultaneously compared in vivo DNA occupancy of both endogenous KLF1 and GST-KLF1 DBD by ChIP qPCR. Here we found that GST-KLF1 DBD physically displaces endogenous KLF1 at a number of loci, providing novel in vivo evidence of direct competition between DNA binding proteins. These results highlight the role of KLF1 in the erythroid/megakaryocyte switch and suggest that direct competition between transcription factors with similar consensus sequences is an important mechanism in transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Norton
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Samantha Hallal
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Stout
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Alister P W Funnell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Richard C M Pearson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Merlin Crossley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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9
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Suske G. NF-Y and SP transcription factors — New insights in a long-standing liaison. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:590-597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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