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Tachizaki M, Sakamoto S, Kobori Y, Asano Y, Kawaguchi S, Seya K, Tanaka H, Morita E, Imaizumi T. Interferon-stimulated gene 56 positively regulates Toll-like receptor 3-mediated CXCL10 expression in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. FEBS Open Bio 2024. [PMID: 38923445 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral infections in tubular epithelial cells lead to the production of inflammatory cytokines by innate immunity, causing tubulointerstitial nephritis. TLR3 recognizes viral infections and acts via the activation of interferon (IFN)/IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). This study investigates the role of ISG56, a representative ISG, in TLR3 signaling in cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (hRPTECs). To this end, hRPTECs were stimulated by a synthetic TLR3 ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), recombinant human interferon-β [r(h)IFN-β] or Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection and assayed for inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression by RT-qPCR, and protein expression via western blotting or ELISA. ISG56 was expressed by poly IC or r(h)IFN-β and IFN-β knockdown reduced poly IC-induced expression of ISG56 and CXCL10. Moreover, ISG56 knockdown reduced poly IC- or r(h)IFN-β-induced expression of CXCL10 at the same time as increasing JEV growth and reducing CXCL10 expression induced by JEV infection. Overall, TLR3 signaling induced IFN-β-dependent expression of ISG56 and CXCL10. We show that ISG56 possibly plays a critical role in antiviral immunity of hRPTECs by positive regulation of IFN-β-mediated CXCL10 expression downstream of TLR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuki Tachizaki
- Department of Vascular and Inflammatory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sho Sakamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hirosaki University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Japan
| | - Yuri Kobori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Asano
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Cell Biology and Histology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Vascular and Inflammatory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seya
- Department of Vascular and Inflammatory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of School Health Science, Hirosaki University Faculty of Education, Japan
| | - Eiji Morita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hirosaki University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular and Inflammatory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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2
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Huang H, Mu Y, Li S. The biological function of Serpinb9 and Serpinb9-based therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1422113. [PMID: 38966643 PMCID: PMC11222584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1422113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in discovering novel immune signaling pathways have revolutionized different disease treatments. SERPINB9 (Sb9), also known as Proteinase Inhibitor 9 (PI-9), is a well-known endogenous inhibitor of Granzyme B (GzmB). GzmB is a potent cytotoxic molecule secreted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, which plays a crucial role in inducing apoptosis in target cells during immune responses. Sb9 acts as a protective mechanism against the potentially harmful effects of GzmB within the cells of the immune system itself. On the other hand, overexpression of Sb9 is an important mechanism of immune evasion in diseases like cancers and viral infections. The intricate functions of Sb9 in different cell types represent a fine-tuned regulatory mechanism for preventing immunopathology, protection against autoimmune diseases, and the regulation of cell death, all of which are essential for maintaining health and responding effectively to disease challenges. Dysregulation of the Sb9 will disrupt human normal physiological condition, potentially leading to a range of diseases, including cancers, inflammatory conditions, viral infections or other pathological disorders. Deepening our understanding of the role of Sb9 will aid in the discovery of innovative and effective treatments for various medical conditions. Therefore, the objective of this review is to consolidate current knowledge regarding the biological role of Sb9. It aims to offer insights into its discovery, structure, functions, distribution, its association with various diseases, and the potential of nanoparticle-based therapies targeting Sb9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yiqing Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Song Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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3
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Zannikou M, Fish EN, Platanias LC. Signaling by Type I Interferons in Immune Cells: Disease Consequences. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1600. [PMID: 38672681 PMCID: PMC11049350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review addresses interferon (IFN) signaling in immune cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) and examines how this affects cancer progression. The data reveal that IFNs exert dual roles in cancers, dependent on the TME, exhibiting both anti-tumor activity and promoting cancer progression. We discuss the abnormal IFN signaling induced by cancerous cells that alters immune responses to permit their survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markella Zannikou
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eleanor N. Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2M1, Canada;
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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4
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Hirao H, Adawy A, Li L, Yoshii D, Yano H, Fujiwara Y, Honda M, Harada M, Yamamoto M, Komohara Y, Hibi T. The expression analysis of SerpinB9 in hepatoblastoma microenvironment. Pediatr Surg Int 2024; 40:55. [PMID: 38347163 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-024-05647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this research, we analyzed the expression of serpinB9 in hepatoblastoma and investigated the factors which enhance its expression. METHOD SerpinB9 expression in hepatoblastoma cell lines and macrophages co-cultured with each other or stimulated by anticancer agents was examined using RT-qPCR and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry for SerpinB9 in hepatoblastoma specimens was performed. Single-cell RNA-sequence data for hepatoblastoma from an online database were analyzed to investigate which types of cells express SerpinB9. RESULT HepG2, a hepatoblastoma cell line, exhibited increased expression of SerpinB9 when indirectly co-cultured with macrophages. Immunohistochemistry for the specimens demonstrated that serpinB9 is positive not in hepatoblastoma cells but in macrophages. Single-cell RNA sequence analysis in tissues from hepatoblastoma patients showed that macrophages expressed SerpinB9 more than tumor cells did. Co-culture of macrophages with hepatoblastoma cell lines led to the enhanced expression of SerpinB9 in both macrophages and cell lines. Anticancer agents induced an elevation of SerpinB9 in hepatoblastomas cell lines. CONCLUSION In hepatoblastoma, SerpinB9 is thought to be more highly expressed in macrophages and enhanced by interaction with hepatoblastoma cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hirao
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ahmad Adawy
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Lianbo Li
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- School of Medicine, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Daiki Yoshii
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yano
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaki Honda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mamoru Harada
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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Yadav B, Prasad N, Agrawal V, Agarwal V, Jain M. Lower Circulating Cytotoxic T-Cell Frequency and Higher Intragraft Granzyme-B Expression Are Associated with Inflammatory Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy in Renal Allograft Recipients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1175. [PMID: 37374379 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Inflammatory interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (i-IFTA) is an inflammation in the area of tubular atrophy and fibrosis. i-IFTA is poorly associated with graft outcome and associated with infiltration of inflammatory mononuclear cells. A cytotoxic T cell is a granzyme B+CD8+CD3+ T cell, mainly secret granzyme B. Granzyme B is a serine protease that may mediate allograft injury and inflammatory interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (i-IFTA). However, there is no report identifying the association of granzyme B with i-IFTA after a long post-transplant interval. Material and Methods: In this study, we have measured the cytotoxic T-cell frequency with flow cytometry, serum and PBMCs culture supernatants granzyme-B levels with ELISA and intragraft granzyme-B mRNA transcript expression with the RT-PCR in RTRs in 30 patients with biopsy-proven i-IFTA and 10 patients with stable graft function. Result: The frequency of cytotoxic T cells (CD3+CD8+ granzyme B+) in SGF vs. i-IFTA was (27.96 ± 4.86 vs. 23.19 ± 3.85%, p = 0.011), the serum granzyme-B level was (100.82 ± 22.41 vs. 130.32 ± 46.60, p = 0.038 pg/mL) and the intragraft granzyme-B mRNA transcript expression was (1.01 ± 0.048 vs. 2.10 ± 1.02, p < 0.001 fold). The frequency of CD3+ T cells in SGF vs. i-IFTA was (66.08 ± 6.8 vs. 65.18 ± 9.35%; p = 0.68) and that of CD3+CD8+ T cells was (37.29 ± 4.11 vs. 34.68 ± 5.43%; p = 0.28), which were similar between the 2 groups. CTLc frequency was negatively correlated with urine proteinuria (r = -0.51, p < 0.001), serum creatinine (r = -0.28, p = 0.007) and eGFR (r = -0.28, p = 0.037). Similarly, the PBMC culture supernatants granzyme-B level was negatively correlated with urine proteinuria (r = -0.37, p < 0.001) and serum creatinine (r = -0.31, p = 0.002), while the serum granzyme-B level (r = 0.343, p = 0.001) and intragraft granzyme-B mRNA transcript expression (r = 0.38, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with proteinuria. Conclusions: A decrease in the CTLc frequency in circulation and an increased serum granzyme-B level and intragraft granzyme-B mRNA expression shows that cytotoxic T cells may mediate the allograft injury in RTRs with i-IFTA by releasing granzyme B in serum and intragraft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Yadav
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Vinita Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Manoj Jain
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
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Bruschi M, Granata S, Candiano G, Petretto A, Bartolucci M, Ghiggeri GM, Stallone G, Zaza G. Proteomic analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles of kidney transplant recipients with BKV viruria and viremia: A pilot study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1028085. [PMID: 36465937 PMCID: PMC9712214 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1028085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To better define the biological machinery associated with BK virus (BKV) infection, in kidney transplantation, we performed a proteomics analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs). METHODS Twenty-nine adult kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with normal allograft function affected by BKV infection (15 with only viremia, 14 with viruria and viremia) and 15 controls (CTR, KTRs without BKV infection) were enrolled and randomly divided in a training cohort (12 BKV and 6 CTR) used for the mass spectrometry analysis of the EVs (microvesicles and exosomes) protein content and a testing cohort (17 BKV and 9 CTR) used for the biological validation of the proteomic results by ELISA. Bioinformatics and functional analysis revealed that several biological processes were enriched in BKV (including immunity, complement activation, renal fibrosis) and were able to discriminate BKV vs. CTR. Kinase was the only gene ontology annotation term including proteins less abundant in BKV (with SLK being the most significantly down-regulated protein). Non-linear support vector machine (SVM) learning and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) identified 36 proteins (including DNASE2, F12, AGT, CTSH, C4A, C7, FABP4, and BPNT1) able to discriminate the two study groups. The proteomic profile of KTRs with BKV viruria alone vs. viremia and viruria was quite similar. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for SLK, BPNT1 and DNASE2, performed on testing cohort, validated proteomics results. DISCUSSIONS Our pilot study demonstrated, for the first time, that BKV infection, also in the viruric state, can have a negative impact on the allograft and it suggested that, whether possible, an early preventive therapeutic strategy should be undertaken also in KTRs with viruria only. Our results, then, revealed new mechanistic insights into BKV infection and they selected potential biomarkers that should be tested in future studies with larger patients' cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bruschi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Granata
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities—Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Core Facilities—Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Zattoni M, Mearelli M, Vanni S, Colini Baldeschi A, Tran TH, Ferracin C, Catania M, Moda F, Di Fede G, Giaccone G, Tagliavini F, Zanusso G, Ironside JW, Ferrer I, Legname G. Serpin Signatures in Prion and Alzheimer's Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3778-3799. [PMID: 35416570 PMCID: PMC9148297 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serpins represent the most broadly distributed superfamily of proteases inhibitors. They contribute to a variety of physiological functions and any alteration of the serpin-protease equilibrium can lead to severe consequences. SERPINA3 dysregulation has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion diseases. In this study, we investigated the differential expression of serpin superfamily members in neurodegenerative diseases. SERPIN expression was analyzed in human frontal cortex samples from cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), patients at early stages of AD-related pathology, and age-matched controls not affected by neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, we studied whether Serpin expression was dysregulated in two animal models of prion disease and AD.Our analysis revealed that, besides the already observed upregulation of SERPINA3 in patients with prion disease and AD, SERPINB1, SERPINB6, SERPING1, SERPINH1, and SERPINI1 were dysregulated in sCJD individuals compared to controls, while only SERPINB1 was upregulated in AD patients. Furthermore, we analyzed whether other serpin members were differentially expressed in prion-infected mice compared to controls and, together with SerpinA3n, SerpinF2 increased levels were observed. Interestingly, SerpinA3n transcript and protein were upregulated in a mouse model of AD. The SERPINA3/SerpinA3nincreased anti-protease activity found in post-mortem brain tissue of AD and prion disease samples suggest its involvement in the neurodegenerative processes. A SERPINA3/SerpinA3n role in neurodegenerative disease-related protein aggregation was further corroborated by in vitro SerpinA3n-dependent prion accumulation changes. Our results indicate SERPINA3/SerpinA3n is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prion and prion-like neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zattoni
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Marika Mearelli
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vanni
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Arianna Colini Baldeschi
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thanh Hoa Tran
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,VN-UK Institute for Research and Executive Education, The University of Danang, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Chiara Ferracin
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcella Catania
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - James W Ironside
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.
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8
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Innate Immunity Response to BK Virus Infection in Polyomavirus-Associated Nephropathy in Kidney Transplant Recipients. TRANSPLANTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/transplantology3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BK polyomavirus (BKV) mainly causes infection in uroepithelial and renal tubular epithelial cells of either immunocompetent or immunocompromised hosts. Despite asymptomatic or mild clinical features in immunocompetent hosts with BK infection, serious complications are frequently found in immunocompromised patients, especially patients with kidney transplantation. Accordingly, BKV-associated nephropathy (BKVN) demonstrates a wide range of clinical manifestations, including ureteric stenosis and hemorrhagic cystitis. In addition, BKV re-infection in post-kidney transplantation is also a main cause of kidney allograft dysfunction and graft loss. Since the direct anti-BKV is unavailable, immune response against BKV infection is the main mechanism for organism control and might be a novel strategy to treat or suppress BKV. As such, the innate immunity, consisting of immune cells and soluble molecules, does not only suppress BKV but also enhances the subsequent adaptive immunity to eradicate the virus. Furthermore, the re-activation of BKV in BKVN of kidney-transplanted recipients seems to be related to the status of innate immunity. Therefore, this review aims to collate the most recent knowledge of innate immune response against BKV and the association between the innate immunity status of kidney-transplanted recipients and BKV re-activation.
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9
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Rosario FJ, Pardo S, Michelsen TM, Erickson K, Moore L, Powell TL, Weintraub ST, Jansson T. Characterization of the Primary Human Trophoblast Cell Secretome Using Stable Isotope Labeling With Amino Acids in Cell Culture. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:704781. [PMID: 34595166 PMCID: PMC8476785 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.704781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The placental villus syncytiotrophoblast, the nutrient-transporting and hormone-producing epithelium of the human placenta, is a critical regulator of fetal development and maternal physiology. However, the identities of the proteins synthesized and secreted by primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells remain unknown. Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture followed by mass spectrometry analysis of the conditioned media was used to identify secreted proteins and obtain information about their relative rates of synthesis in syncytialized multinucleated PHT cells isolated from normal term placental villus tissue (n = 4/independent placenta). A total of 1,344 proteins were identified, most of which have not previously been reported to be secreted by the human placenta or trophoblast. The majority of secreted proteins are involved in energy and carbon metabolism, glycolysis, biosynthesis of amino acids, purine metabolism, and fatty acid degradation. Histone family proteins and mitochondrial proteins were among proteins with the slowest synthesis rate whereas proteins associated with signaling and the plasma membrane were synthesized rapidly. There was a significant overlap between the PHT secretome and proteins known be secreted to the fetal circulation by the human placenta in vivo. The generated data will guide future experiments to determine the function of individual secreted proteins and will help us better understand how the placenta controls maternal and fetal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick J Rosario
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sammy Pardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Trond M Michelsen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathryn Erickson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lorna Moore
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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10
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Wang WJ, Wang J, Ouyang C, Chen C, Xu XF, Ye XQ. Overview of serpin B9 and its roles in cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:190. [PMID: 34278491 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine proteinase inhibitor B9 (serpin B9) is a member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily, which is widely found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Serpin B9 has been reported to protect cells from the immune‑killing effect of granzyme B (GrB) released by lymphocytes. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have indicated that serpin B9 is involved in tumour apoptosis, immune evasion, tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, drug resistance and even in maintaining the stemness of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Moreover, according to clinical studies, serpin B9 has been demonstrated to be significantly associated with the development of precancerous lesions, a poor prognosis and ineffective therapies, suggesting that serpin B9 may be a potential target for cancer treatment and an indicator of cancer diagnosis; thus, it has begun to attract increased attention from scholars. The present review concisely described the structure and biological functions of the serpin superfamily and serpin B9. In addition, related research on serpins in cancer is discussed in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of serpin B9 in cancer, as well as its clinical significance for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qun Ye
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Yong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Jian He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Liping Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
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Chen J, Cao Y, Markelc B, Kaeppler J, Vermeer JA, Muschel RJ. Type I IFN protects cancer cells from CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity after radiation. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4224-4238. [PMID: 31483286 PMCID: PMC6763250 DOI: 10.1172/jci127458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of tumors with ionizing radiation stimulates an antitumor immune response partly dependent on induction of IFNs. These IFNs directly enhance dendritic cell and CD8+ T cell activity. Here we show that resistance to an effective antitumor immune response is also a result of IFN signaling in a different cellular compartment of the tumor, the cancer cells themselves. We abolished type I IFN signaling in cancer cells by genetic elimination of its receptor, IFNAR1. Pronounced immune responses were provoked after ionizing radiation of tumors from 4 mouse cancer cell lines with Ifnar1 knockout. This enhanced response depended on CD8+ T cells and was mediated by enhanced susceptibility to T cell-mediated killing. Induction of Serpinb9 proved to be the mechanism underlying control of susceptibility to T cell killing after radiation. Ifnar1-deficient tumors had an augmented response to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy with or without radiation. We conclude that type I IFN can protect cancer cells from T cell-mediated cytotoxicity through regulation of Serpinb9. This result helps explain why radiation of tumors can stimulate antitumor immunity yet also result in resistance. It further suggests potential targets for intervention to improve therapy and to predict responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/radiation effects
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/radiotherapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/radiation effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon Type I/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/deficiency
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/immunology
- Serpins/genetics
- Serpins/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Signal Transduction/radiation effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Chen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yunhong Cao
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Kaeppler
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny A.F. Vermeer
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J. Muschel
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Primary Human Renal-Derived Tubular Epithelial Cells Fail to Recognize and Suppress BK Virus Infection. Transplantation 2017; 101:1820-1829. [PMID: 27755502 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK polyomavirus (BKV)-associated nephropathy is a threat to kidney allograft survival affecting up to 15% of renal transplant patients. Previous studies revealed that tubular epithelial cells (TEC) show a limited response towards BKV infection. Here we investigated the interplay between BKV and TEC in more detail. In particular, we questioned whether BKV suppresses and/or evades antiviral responses. METHODS Human primary TEC and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were infected with BKV Dunlop strain or other viruses. Moreover, TEC were stimulated with genomic double-stranded (ds)DNA or IFN. Viral replication and cellular responses were measured using quantitative real time PCR and multiplex assay. RESULTS BKV infection of primary human TEC did not induce an antiviral response, whereas infection with influenza A virus, herpes simplex virus 1, or cytomegalovirus induced a strong antiviral response measured by upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes, such as CXCL10 and DAI. In addition, intracellular delivery of dsDNA or stimulation with IFN did elicit a rapid and pronounced response. However, BKV infection did not affect dsDNA-induced gene expression, indicating BKV did not modulate the antiviral response. Prestimulation of primary TEC with IFNα or dsDNA did not hamper replication of BKV, whereas influenza and herpes simplex virus 1 replication were clearly reduced. In contrast, BKV infection of leukocytes did elicit an antiviral response. CONCLUSIONS BKV specifically evades innate immunity in TEC and is not susceptible to an intrinsic interferon response, which may facilitate latent presence of the virus in this cell type.
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Kariminik A, Yaghobi R, Dabiri S. Innate Immunity and BK Virus: Prospective Strategies. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:74-82. [PMID: 26752693 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent information demonstrated that BK virus reactivation is a dominant complication after kidney transplantation, which occurs because of immunosuppression. BK virus reactivation is the main reason of transplanted kidney losing. Immune response against BK virus is the major inhibitor of the virus reactivation. Therefore, improving our knowledge regarding the main parameters that fight against BK viruses can shed light on to direct new treatment strategies to suppress BK infection. Innate immunity consists of numerous cell systems and also soluble molecules, which not only suppress virus replication, but also activate adaptive immunity to eradicate the infection. Additionally, it appears that immune responses against reactivated BK virus are the main reasons for induction of BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKAN). Thus, improving our knowledge regarding the parameters and detailed mechanisms of innate immunity and also the status of innate immunity of the patients with BK virus reactivation and its complications can introduce new prospective strategies to either prevent or as therapy of the complication. Therefore, this review was aimed to collate the most recent data regarding the roles played by innate immunity against BK virus and also the status of innate immunity in the patients with reactivation BK virus and BKAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Kariminik
- 1 Shiraz Branch, Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University , Shiraz, Iran .,2 Fars Research and Science Branch, Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University , Fars, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- 3 Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- 4 Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran
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15
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Demmers MWHJ, Korevaar SS, Roemeling-van Rhijn M, van den Bosch TPP, Hoogduijn MJ, Betjes MGH, Weimar W, Baan CC, Rowshani AT. Human renal tubular epithelial cells suppress alloreactive T cell proliferation. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:509-19. [PMID: 25310899 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are one of the main targets of alloreactive T cells during acute rejection. We hypothesize that TECs modulate the outcome of alloimmunity by executing immunosuppressive effects in order to dampen the local inflammation. We studied whether TECs possess immunosuppressive capacities and if indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) might play a role in suppressing T cell alloreactivity. Next, we studied the role of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1 with regard to TEC-related immunomodulatory effects. CD3/CD28 and alloactivated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were co-cultured with activated TECs. We analysed CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation and apoptosis in the absence or presence of IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-L-tryptophan (1-L-MT), anti-PD-L1 and anti-ICAM-1. Further, we examined whether inhibition of T cell proliferation was cell-cell contact-dependent. We found that TECs dose-dependently inhibited CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation (P<0.05). Activated TECs showed significantly increased IDO activity and up-regulated PD-L1 and ICAM-1 expression. Suppressed CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation was only partially restored or failed to restore using 1-L-MT. Activated TECs increased early and late apoptosis of proliferating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells; only CD4(+) T cell apoptosis was statistically affected by 1-L-MT. Transwell experiments revealed that TEC-mediated immunosuppression is cell-cell contact-dependent. We found that anti-ICAM-1 affected only CD4(+) T cell apoptosis and not T cell proliferation. Our data show that TECs suppress both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation contact dependently. Interestingly, inhibition of proliferation and enhancement of apoptosis of T cell subsets is differentially regulated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and ICAM-1, with no evidence for the involvement of PD-L1 in our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W H J Demmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Role of protease inhibitor 9 in survival and replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mononuclear phagocytes from HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS 2014; 28:679-87. [PMID: 24445365 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Predisposition to opportunistic infections by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a concomitant of HIV-1 infection and occurrence of tuberculosis is independent of circulating CD4(+) T-cell count in HIV-1-infected patients. Infection of mononuclear phagocytes from healthy individuals by virulent MTB is associated with expression of the antiapoptotic molecule protease inhibitor 9 (PI-9), and PI-9 contributes to successful parasitism of macrophages by MTB. Here we studied the contribution of PI-9 to successful MTB infection of monocytes from HIV-1-infected patients. METHODS Blood monocytes obtained from HAART-treated HIV-1-infected patients (HIV+) and healthy controls were assessed for support of MTB H37Rv growth by assessment of MTB 16S ribosomal (r)RNA in cell lysates on day 1 and day 7 by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. PI-9 expression in monocyte cell lysates was assessed by ELISA and by reverse transcription-PCR. Inhibition of intracellular PI-9 was achieved by siRNA to PI-9 and compared to control constructs. RESULTS Monocytes from HIV-infected patients supported higher MTB growth [MTB 16S rRNA (d7/d1)] as compared with monocytes from healthy controls. Both PI-9 protein and mRNA were significantly higher in monocytes from HIV-infected patients as compared with healthy controls. PI-9 protein levels prior to MTB infection correlated with MTB replication on day 7, and with plasma soluble CD14 levels. Silencing of PI-9 by transfection of monocytes from HIV-1-infected patients with PI-9-specific siRNA prior to infection improved intracellular containment of MTB. CONCLUSION Increased intracellular PI-9 activity in mononuclear phagocytes from HIV-infected patients contributes to successful intracellular infection by virulent MTB.
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Goldeck M, Schlee M, Hartmann G, Hornung V. Enzymatic synthesis and purification of a defined RIG-I ligand. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1169:15-25. [PMID: 24957225 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0882-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-based nucleic acid sensing constitutes one of the most fundamental mechanisms of our innate immune system to sense viral infection. RIG-I is a cytosolic RNA helicase that senses the presence of 5' triphosphate RNA species, a common feature of many negative strand RNA viruses. We here describe a protocol to enzymatically synthesize and to purify a defined RIG-I ligand that can be used to study RIG-I activation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Goldeck
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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18
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Differential effects of activated human renal epithelial cells on T-cell migration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64916. [PMID: 23717673 PMCID: PMC3661561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are one of the main targets of inflammatory insults during interstitial nephritis and kidney transplant rejection. While Th1 cells are know to be essential in the pathogenesis of rejection, the role of Th17 is still under debate. We hypothesize that TECs modulate the outcome of rejection process by production of distinct chemokines and cytokines that determine the attraction of different T-cell subsets. Therefore, we studied differential effects of activated human renal epithelial cells on T-cell migration. METHODS Human primary TECs were stimulated by IFN-γ and TNF-α in vitro. Chemokines and cytokines produced by activated TECs were measured using Luminex or ELISA. Chemotaxis assay was performed using activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells composed of CD4+CXCR3+ and CD4+CCR6+ T cells migrating towards stimulated and unstimulated TECs. RESULTS While activated TECs secreted abundant amounts of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, the T helper cell differentiation cytokines IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-23 or TGF-β1 were not produced. The production of Th1 chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CCL5 were significantly upregulated after TEC stimulation. In contrast, Th17 chemokine CCL20 could not be detected. Finally, activated TECs attracted significantly higher numbers of CD4+CXCR3+ T cells as compared to unstimulated TECs. No migration of CD4+CCR6+ T cells could be observed. CONCLUSION Activated primary renal tubular epithelial cells do not attract Th17 cells nor produce cytokines promoting Th17 cell differentiation in our experimental system mimicking the proinflammatory microenvironment of rejection.
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Improving the Therapeutic Potential of Human Granzyme B for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/antib2010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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20
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Heutinck KM, Rowshani AT, Kassies J, Claessen N, van Donselaar-van der Pant KAMI, Bemelman FJ, Eldering E, van Lier RAW, Florquin S, Ten Berge IJM, Hamann J. Viral double-stranded RNA sensors induce antiviral, pro-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic responses in human renal tubular epithelial cells. Kidney Int 2012; 82:664-75. [PMID: 22648297 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection in the kidney is characterized by tubular injury induced directly by the virus and/or by cytotoxic lymphocytes. Previously, we found that human tubular epithelial cells express Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I), all sensors of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and potent inducers of antiviral activity. Here, we demonstrate increased expression of these three dsRNA sensors in kidney transplant biopsies during cytomegalovirus or BK virus infection. In primary tubular epithelial cells, dsRNA sensor activation induced the production of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and antiviral IFN-β. Notably, dsRNA also enhanced the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins; however, dsRNA alone did not cause cell death due to the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. The dsRNA sensitized tubular epithelial cells to apoptosis induced by an agonistic antibody against the Fas receptor (CD95), an apoptotic pathway that eliminates infected cells. These findings indicate that tubular epithelial cells require at least two signals to undergo apoptosis, which can help preserve tubular integrity even under inflammatory conditions. Thus, sensors of viral dsRNA promote antiviral, pro-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic responses in tubular epithelial cells, which may orchestrate the control of viral infection in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin M Heutinck
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Karpus ON, Heutinck KM, Wijnker PJM, Tak PP, Hamann J. Triggering of the dsRNA sensors TLR3, MDA5, and RIG-I induces CD55 expression in synovial fibroblasts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35606. [PMID: 22590509 PMCID: PMC3349673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD55 (decay-accelerating factor) is a complement-regulatory protein highly expressed on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). CD55 is also a ligand for CD97, an adhesion-type G protein-coupled receptor abundantly present on leukocytes. Little is known regarding the regulation of CD55 expression in FLS. METHODS FLS isolated from arthritis patients were stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Transfection with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) and 5'-triphosphate RNA were used to activate the cytoplasmic double-stranded (ds)RNA sensors melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I). CD55 expression, cell viability, and binding of CD97-loaded beads were quantified by flow cytometry. RESULTS CD55 was expressed at equal levels on FLS isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis. CD55 expression in RA FLS was significantly induced by IL-1β and especially by the TLR3 ligand poly(I:C). Activation of MDA5 and RIG-I also enhanced CD55 expression. Notably, activation of MDA5 dose-dependently induced cell death, while triggering of TLR3 or RIG-I had a minor effect on viability. Upregulation of CD55 enhanced the binding capacity of FLS to CD97-loaded beads, which could be blocked by antibodies against CD55. CONCLUSIONS Activation of dsRNA sensors enhances the expression of CD55 in cultured FLS, which increases the binding to CD97. Our findings suggest that dsRNA promotes the interaction between FLS and CD97-expressing leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N. Karpus
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirstin M. Heutinck
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. M. Wijnker
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P. Tak
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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