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Gong T, Liu X, Li Q, Branch DR, Loriamini M, Wen W, Shi Y, Tan Q, Fan B, Zhou Z, Li Y, Yang C, Li S, Duan X, Chen L. Oncolytic Virus Senecavirus A Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Proliferation and Growth by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:713-725. [PMID: 39130624 PMCID: PMC11310753 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2024.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive tumor with limited treatment options and high mortality. Senecavirus A (SVA) has shown potential in selectively targeting tumors while sparing healthy tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SVA on HCC cells in vitro and in vivo and to elucidate its mechanisms of action. Methods The cell counting kit-8 assay and colony formation assay were conducted to examine cell proliferation. Flow cytometry and nuclear staining were employed to analyze cell cycle distribution and apoptosis occurrence. A subcutaneous tumor xenograft HCC mouse model was created in vivo using HepG2 cells, and Ki67 expression in the tumor tissues was assessed. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay and hematoxylin and eosin staining were employed to evaluate HCC apoptosis and the toxicity of SVA on mouse organs. Results In vitro, SVA effectively suppressed the growth of tumor cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, it did not have a notable effect on normal hepatocytes (MIHA cells). In an in vivo setting, SVA effectively suppressed the growth of HCC in a mouse model. SVA treatment resulted in a significant decrease in Ki67 expression and an increase in apoptosis of tumor cells. No notable histopathological alterations were observed in the organs of mice during SVA administration. Conclusions SVA inhibits the growth of HCC cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. It does not cause any noticeable toxicity to vital organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Donald R. Branch
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melika Loriamini
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenxian Wen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaoqiang Shi
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhui Yang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shilin Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Duan
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- The Joint-Laboratory on Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases (TTDs) between Institute of Blood Transfusion and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning Blood Center, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Huang ZL, Liu ZG, Lin Q, Tao YL, Li X, Baxter P, Su JM, Adesina AM, Man C, Chintagumpala M, Teo WY, Du YC, Xia YF, Li XN. Fractionated radiation therapy alters energy metabolism and induces cellular quiescence exit in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models of high-grade glioma. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101988. [PMID: 38733642 PMCID: PMC11101904 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation is one of the standard therapies for pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG), of which the prognosis remains poor. To gain an in-depth understanding of biological consequences beyond the classic DNA damage, we treated 9 patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models, including one with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency, with fractionated radiations (2 Gy/day x 5 days). Extension of survival time was noted in 5 PDOX models (P < 0.05) accompanied by γH2AX positivity in >95 % tumor cells in tumor core and >85 % in the invasive foci as well as ∼30 % apoptotic and mitotic catastrophic cell death. The model with DNA MMR (IC-1406HGG) was the most responsive to radiation with a reduction of Ki-67(+) cells. Altered metabolism, including mitochondria number elevation, COX IV activation and reactive oxygen species accumulation, were detected together with the enrichment of CD133+ tumor cells. The latter was caused by the entry of quiescent G0 cells into cell cycle and the activation of self-renewal (SOX2 and BMI1) and epithelial mesenchymal transition (fibronectin) genes. These novel insights about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fractionated radiation in vivo should support the development of new radio-sensitizing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Lu Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; Department of Pediatrics, Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Cancer Center, The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Tumors, The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, China; Texas Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ya-Lan Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Xinzhuoyun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Patricia Baxter
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jack Mf Su
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Adekunle M Adesina
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chris Man
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Murali Chintagumpala
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wan Yee Teo
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; The Laboratory of Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Office, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, 169856, Singapore; Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, A*STAR, KK Women's & Children's Hospital Singapore, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chen Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Texas Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | - Yun-Fei Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Texas Children's Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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Wang H, Mo Y, Liu W, He Q, Ren T, Ouyang K, Chen Y, Huang W, Wei Z. Construction and characterization of recombinant senecavirus A expressing secreted luciferase for antiviral screening. J Virol Methods 2024; 327:114932. [PMID: 38582378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a newly identified picornavirus associated with swine vesicular disease and neonatal mortality. The development of an SVA incorporating an exogenous reporter gene provides a powerful tool for viral research. In this study, we successfully constructed a recombinant SVA expressing Gaussia Luciferase (Gluc), termed rSVA-Gluc. The growth kinetics of rSVA-Gluc in BHK-21 cells were found to be comparable to those of the parental virus, and Gluc activity paralleled the virus growth curve. Genetic analysis revealed stable inheritance of the inserted reporter protein genes for at least six generations. We evaluated the utility of rSVA-Gluc in antiviral drug screening, and the results highlighted its potential as an effective tool for such purposes against SVA. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yongfang Mo
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Qijie He
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Tongwei Ren
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530005, China.
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Vazaios K, van Berkum RE, Calkoen FG, van der Lugt J, Hulleman E. OV Modulators of the Paediatric Brain TIME: Current Status, Combination Strategies, Limitations and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5007. [PMID: 38732225 PMCID: PMC11084613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are characterised by their preference for infecting and replicating in tumour cells either naturally or after genetic modification, resulting in oncolysis. Furthermore, OVs can elicit both local and systemic anticancer immune responses while specifically infecting and lysing tumour cells. These characteristics render them a promising therapeutic approach for paediatric brain tumours (PBTs). PBTs are frequently marked by a cold tumour immune microenvironment (TIME), which suppresses immunotherapies. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the capability of OVs to induce a proinflammatory immune response, thereby modifying the TIME. In-depth insights into the effect of OVs on different cell types in the TIME may therefore provide a compelling basis for using OVs in combination with other immunotherapy modalities. However, certain limitations persist in our understanding of oncolytic viruses' ability to regulate the TIME to enhance anti-tumour activity. These limitations primarily stem from the translational limitations of model systems, the difficulties associated with tracking reliable markers of efficacy throughout the course of treatment and the role of pre-existing viral immunity. In this review, we describe the different alterations observed in the TIME in PBTs due to OV treatment, combination therapies of OVs with different immunotherapies and the hurdles limiting the development of effective OV therapies while suggesting future directions based on existing evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Esther Hulleman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.V.); (F.G.C.); (J.v.d.L.)
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Iyer M, Ravichandran N, Karuppusamy PA, Gnanarajan R, Yadav MK, Narayanasamy A, Vellingiri B. Molecular insights and promise of oncolytic virus based immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 140:419-492. [PMID: 38762277 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Discovering a therapeutic that can counteract the aggressiveness of this disease's mechanism is crucial for improving survival rates for cancer patients and for better understanding the most different types of cancer. In recent years, using these viruses as an anticancer therapy has been thought to be successful. They mostly work by directly destroying cancer cells, activating the immune system to fight cancer, and expressing exogenous effector genes. For the treatment of tumors, oncolytic viruses (OVs), which can be modified to reproduce only in tumor tissues and lyse them while preserving the healthy non-neoplastic host cells and reinstating antitumor immunity which present a novel immunotherapeutic strategy. OVs can exist naturally or be created in a lab by altering existing viruses. These changes heralded the beginning of a new era of less harmful virus-based cancer therapy. We discuss three different types of oncolytic viruses that have already received regulatory approval to treat cancer as well as clinical research using oncolytic adenoviruses. The primary therapeutic applications, mechanism of action of oncolytic virus updates, future views of this therapy will be covered in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Nandita Ravichandran
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Roselin Gnanarajan
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Tur-Planells V, García-Sastre A, Cuadrado-Castano S, Nistal-Villan E. Engineering Non-Human RNA Viruses for Cancer Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1617. [PMID: 37897020 PMCID: PMC10611381 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alongside the development and progress in cancer immunotherapy, research in oncolytic viruses (OVs) continues advancing novel treatment strategies to the clinic. With almost 50 clinical trials carried out over the last decade, the opportunities for intervention using OVs are expanding beyond the old-fashioned concept of "lytic killers", with promising breakthrough therapeutic strategies focused on leveraging the immunostimulatory potential of different viral platforms. This review presents an overview of non-human-adapted RNA viruses engineered for cancer therapy. Moreover, we describe the diverse strategies employed to manipulate the genomes of these viruses to optimize their therapeutic capabilities. By focusing on different aspects of this particular group of viruses, we describe the insights into the promising advancements in the field of virotherapy and its potential to revolutionize cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Tur-Planells
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Health, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain;
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sara Cuadrado-Castano
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute (IGI), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Estanislao Nistal-Villan
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Health, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain;
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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Li WW, Fan XX, Zhu ZX, Cao XJ, Zhu ZY, Pei DS, Wang YZ, Zhang JY, Wang YY, Zheng HX. Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRF3 by BLK facilitates its sufficient activation and innate antiviral response. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011742. [PMID: 37871014 PMCID: PMC10621992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infection triggers the activation of transcription factor IRF3, and its activity is precisely regulated for robust antiviral immune response and effective pathogen clearance. However, how full activation of IRF3 is achieved has not been well defined. Herein, we identified BLK as a key kinase that positively modulates IRF3-dependent signaling cascades and executes a pre-eminent antiviral effect. BLK deficiency attenuates RNA or DNA virus-induced ISRE activation, interferon production and the cellular antiviral response in human and murine cells, whereas overexpression of BLK has the opposite effects. BLK-deficient mice exhibit lower serum cytokine levels and higher lethality after VSV infection. Moreover, BLK deficiency impairs the secretion of downstream antiviral cytokines and promotes Senecavirus A (SVA) proliferation, thereby supporting SVA-induced oncolysis in an in vivo xenograft tumor model. Mechanistically, viral infection triggers BLK autophosphorylation at tyrosine 309. Subsequently, activated BLK directly binds and phosphorylates IRF3 at tyrosine 107, which further promotes TBK1-induced IRF3 S386 and S396 phosphorylation, facilitating sufficient IRF3 activation and downstream antiviral response. Collectively, our findings suggest that targeting BLK enhances viral clearance via specifically regulating IRF3 phosphorylation by a previously undefined mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu-Xu Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue-Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan-Shi Pei
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ji-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Xue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
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Huang ZL, Abdallah AS, Shen GX, Suarez M, Feng P, Yu YJ, Wang Y, Zheng SH, Hu YJ, Xiao X, Liu Y, Liu SR, Chen ZP, Li XN, Xia YF. Silencing GMPPB Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of GBM via Hippo/MMP3 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14707. [PMID: 37834154 PMCID: PMC10572784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive malignancy and represents the most common brain tumor in adults. To better understand its biology for new and effective therapies, we examined the role of GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase B (GMPPB), a key unit of the GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GDP-MP) that catalyzes the formation of GDP-mannose. Impaired GMPPB function will reduce the amount of GDP-mannose available for O-mannosylation. Abnormal O-mannosylation of alpha dystroglycan (α-DG) has been reported to be involved in cancer metastasis and arenavirus entry. Here, we found that GMPPB is highly expressed in a panel of GBM cell lines and clinical samples and that expression of GMPPB is positively correlated with the WHO grade of gliomas. Additionally, expression of GMPPB was negatively correlated with the prognosis of GBM patients. We demonstrate that silencing GMPPB inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo and that overexpression of GMPPB exhibits the opposite effects. Consequently, targeting GMPPB in GBM cells results in impaired GBM tumor growth and invasion. Finally, we identify that the Hippo/MMP3 axis is essential for GMPPB-promoted GBM aggressiveness. These findings indicate that GMPPB represents a potential novel target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Lu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.S.A.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Aalaa Sanad Abdallah
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.S.A.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guang-Xin Shen
- Foshan Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 528031, China;
| | - Milagros Suarez
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.S.A.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan-Jiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (Y.-J.Y.); (Z.-P.C.)
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuo-Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Song-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China;
| | - Zhong-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (Y.-J.Y.); (Z.-P.C.)
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.S.A.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yun-Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
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9
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Rechberger JS, Toll SA, Vanbilloen WJF, Daniels DJ, Khatua S. Exploring the Molecular Complexity of Medulloblastoma: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2398. [PMID: 37510143 PMCID: PMC10378552 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Over the last few decades, significant progress has been made in revealing the key molecular underpinnings of this disease, leading to the identification of distinct molecular subgroups with different clinical outcomes. In this review, we provide an update on the molecular landscape of medulloblastoma and treatment strategies. We discuss the four main molecular subgroups (WNT-activated, SHH-activated, and non-WNT/non-SHH groups 3 and 4), highlighting the key genetic alterations and signaling pathways associated with each entity. Furthermore, we explore the emerging role of epigenetic regulation in medulloblastoma and the mechanism of resistance to therapy. We also delve into the latest developments in targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Continuing collaborative efforts are needed to further unravel the complex molecular mechanisms and profile optimal treatment for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian S Rechberger
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stephanie A Toll
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Wouter J F Vanbilloen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Neurology, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, 5022 Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Section of Neuro-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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10
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Letafati A, Ardekani OS, Naderisemiromi M, Fazeli MM, Jemezghani NA, Yavarian J. Oncolytic viruses against cancer, promising or delusion? Med Oncol 2023; 40:246. [PMID: 37458862 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment is one of the most challenging topics in medical sciences. Different methods such as chemotherapy, tumor surgery, and immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy (ICIs) are potential approaches to treating cancer and killing tumor cells, but clinical studies have shown that they have been successful for a limited group of patients. Using viruses as a treatment can be considered as an effective treatment in the field of medicine. This is considered as a potential treatment, especially in comparison to chemotherapy, which has severe side effects related to the immune system. Most oncolytic viruses (OVs) have the potential to multiply in cancer cells, which are more than normal cells in malignant tissue and can induce immune responses. Therefore, tons of efforts and research have been started on the utilization of OVs as a treatment for cancer and have shown promising in treating cancers with less side effects. In this article, we have gathered studies about oncolytic viruses and their effectiveness in cancer treatment.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 1 Given name: [Omid Salahi] Last name [Ardekani], Author 2 Given name: [Mohammad Mehdi] Last name [Fazeli], Author 3 Given name: [Nillofar Asadi] Last name [Jemezghani]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.Confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Salahi Ardekani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Naderisemiromi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Fazeli
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jila Yavarian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Zhang H, Du Y, Qi L, Xiao S, Braun FK, Kogiso M, Huang Y, Huang F, Abdallah A, Suarez M, Karthick S, Ahmed NM, Salsman VS, Baxter PA, Su JM, Brat DJ, Hellenbeck PL, Teo WY, Patel AJ, Li XN. Targeting GBM with an Oncolytic Picornavirus SVV-001 alone and in combination with fractionated Radiation in a Novel Panel of Orthotopic PDX models. J Transl Med 2023; 21:444. [PMID: 37415222 PMCID: PMC10324131 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04237-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models representing different molecular subtypes of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is desired for developing new therapies. SVV-001 is an oncolytic virus selectively targeting cancer cells. It's capacity of passing through the blood brain barrier makes is an attractive novel approach for GBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS 23 patient tumor samples were implanted into the brains of NOD/SCID mice (1 × 105 cells/mouse). Tumor histology, gene expression (RNAseq), and growth rate of the developed patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models were compared with the originating patient tumors during serial subtransplantations. Anti-tumor activities of SVV-001 were examined in vivo; and therapeutic efficacy validated in vivo via single i.v. injection (1 × 1011 viral particle) with or without fractionated (2 Gy/day x 5 days) radiation followed by analysis of animal survival times, viral infection, and DNA damage. RESULTS PDOX formation was confirmed in 17/23 (73.9%) GBMs while maintaining key histopathological features and diffuse invasion of the patient tumors. Using differentially expressed genes, we subclassified PDOX models into proneural, classic and mesenchymal groups. Animal survival times were inversely correlated with the implanted tumor cells. SVV-001 was active in vitro by killing primary monolayer culture (4/13 models), 3D neurospheres (7/13 models) and glioma stem cells. In 2/2 models, SVV-001 infected PDOX cells in vivo without harming normal brain cells and significantly prolonged survival times in 2/2 models. When combined with radiation, SVV-001 enhanced DNA damages and further prolonged animal survival times. CONCLUSION A panel of 17 clinically relevant and molecularly annotated PDOX modes of GBM is developed, and SVV-001 exhibited strong anti-tumor activities in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zhang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sophie Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Frank K Braun
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mari Kogiso
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yulun Huang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dushou Lake Hospital, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Frank Huang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Aalaa Abdallah
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Milagros Suarez
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sekar Karthick
- Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Office, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169610, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Patricia A Baxter
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jack M Su
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | - Wan-Yee Teo
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Office, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169610, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akash J Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Dan Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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12
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Gross EG, Hamo MA, Estevez-Ordonez D, Laskay NMB, Atchley TJ, Johnston JM, Markert JM. Oncolytic virotherapies for pediatric tumors. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:987-1003. [PMID: 37749907 PMCID: PMC11309584 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2245326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many pediatric patients with malignant tumors continue to suffer poor outcomes. The current standard of care includes maximum safe surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiation which may be associated with considerable long-term morbidity. The emergence of oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) may provide an alternative or adjuvant treatment for pediatric oncology patients. AREAS COVERED We reviewed seven virus types that have been investigated in past or ongoing pediatric tumor clinical trials: adenovirus (AdV-tk, Celyvir, DNX-2401, VCN-01, Ad-TD-nsIL-12), herpes simplex virus (G207, HSV-1716), vaccinia (JX-594), reovirus (pelareorep), poliovirus (PVSRIPO), measles virus (MV-NIS), and Senecavirus A (SVV-001). For each virus, we discuss the mechanism of tumor-specific replication and cytotoxicity as well as key findings of preclinical and clinical studies. EXPERT OPINION Substantial progress has been made in the past 10 years regarding the clinical use of OVT. From our review, OVT has favorable safety profiles compared to chemotherapy and radiation treatment. However, the antitumor effects of OVT remain variable depending on tumor type and viral agent used. Although the widespread adoption of OVT faces many challenges, we are optimistic that OVT will play an important role alongside standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of malignant pediatric solid tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan G Gross
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mohammad A Hamo
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Nicholas MB Laskay
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Travis J Atchley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M Johnston
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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13
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Waqqar S, Lee K, Lawley B, Bilton T, Quiñones-Mateu ME, Bostina M, Burga LN. Directed Evolution of Seneca Valley Virus in Tumorsphere and Monolayer Cell Cultures of a Small-Cell Lung Cancer Model. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092541. [PMID: 37174006 PMCID: PMC10177334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is an oncolytic virus from the picornavirus family, characterized by a 7.3-kilobase RNA genome encoding for all the structural and functional viral proteins. Directed evolution by serial passaging has been employed for oncolytic virus adaptation to increase the killing efficacy towards certain types of tumors. We propagated the SVV in a small-cell lung cancer model under two culture conditions: conventional cell monolayer and tumorspheres, with the latter resembling more closely the cellular structure of the tumor of origin. We observed an increase of the virus-killing efficacy after ten passages in the tumorspheres. Deep sequencing analyses showed genomic changes in two SVV populations comprising 150 single nucleotides variants and 72 amino acid substitutions. Major differences observed in the tumorsphere-passaged virus population, compared to the cell monolayer, were identified in the conserved structural protein VP2 and in the highly variable P2 region, suggesting that the increase in the ability of the SVV to kill cells over time in the tumorspheres is acquired by capsid conservation and positively selecting mutations to counter the host innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Waqqar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Kai Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Blair Lawley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Timothy Bilton
- Invermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch, Mosgiel 9092, New Zealand
| | | | - Mihnea Bostina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Laura N Burga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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14
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Lin D, Shen Y, Liang T. Oncolytic virotherapy: basic principles, recent advances and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:156. [PMID: 37041165 PMCID: PMC10090134 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted growing awareness in the twenty-first century, as they are generally considered to have direct oncolysis and cancer immune effects. With the progress in genetic engineering technology, OVs have been adopted as versatile platforms for developing novel antitumor strategies, used alone or in combination with other therapies. Recent studies have yielded eye-catching results that delineate the promising clinical outcomes that OVs would bring about in the future. In this review, we summarized the basic principles of OVs in terms of their classifications, as well as the recent advances in OV-modification strategies based on their characteristics, biofunctions, and cancer hallmarks. Candidate OVs are expected to be designed as "qualified soldiers" first by improving target fidelity and safety, and then equipped with "cold weapons" for a proper cytocidal effect, "hot weapons" capable of activating cancer immunotherapy, or "auxiliary weapons" by harnessing tactics such as anti-angiogenesis, reversed metabolic reprogramming and decomposing extracellular matrix around tumors. Combinations with other cancer therapeutic agents have also been elaborated to show encouraging antitumor effects. Robust results from clinical trials using OV as a treatment congruously suggested its significance in future application directions and challenges in developing OVs as novel weapons for tactical decisions in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinan Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Zhao S, Li J, Zhang H, Qi L, Du Y, Kogiso M, Braun FK, Xiao S, Huang Y, Li J, Teo WY, Lindsay H, Baxter P, Su JMF, Adesina A, Laczik M, Genevini P, Veillard AC, Schvartzman S, Berguet G, Ding SR, Du L, Stephan C, Yang J, Davies PJA, Lu X, Chintagumpala M, Parsons DW, Perlaky L, Xia YF, Man TK, Huang Y, Sun D, Li XN. Epigenetic Alterations of Repeated Relapses in Patient-matched Childhood Ependymomas. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6689. [PMID: 36335125 PMCID: PMC9637194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence is frequent in pediatric ependymoma (EPN). Our longitudinal integrated analysis of 30 patient-matched repeated relapses (3.67 ± 1.76 times) over 13 years (5.8 ± 3.8) reveals stable molecular subtypes (RELA and PFA) and convergent DNA methylation reprogramming during serial relapses accompanied by increased orthotopic patient derived xenograft (PDX) (13/27) formation in the late recurrences. A set of differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) and DNA methylation regions (DMRs) are found to persist in primary and relapse tumors (potential driver DMCs) and are acquired exclusively in the relapses (potential booster DMCs). Integrating with RNAseq reveals differentially expressed genes regulated by potential driver DMRs (CACNA1H, SLC12A7, RARA in RELA and HSPB8, GMPR, ITGB4 in PFA) and potential booster DMRs (PLEKHG1 in RELA and NOTCH, EPHA2, SUFU, FOXJ1 in PFA tumors). DMCs predicators of relapse are also identified in the primary tumors. This study provides a high-resolution epigenetic roadmap of serial EPN relapses and 13 orthotopic PDX models to facilitate biological and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Zhao
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XPre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.413584.f0000 0004 0383 5679Jane and John Justin Neurosciences Center, Cook Children’s Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX 76104 USA ,grid.413584.f0000 0004 0383 5679Hematology and Oncology Center, Cook Children’s Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX 76104 USA
| | - Jia Li
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.470124.4State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; and Guangzhou Laboratory, Bioland, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XPre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Lin Qi
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XPre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Neuro-Oncology & Stem Cell transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XPre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Neuro-Oncology & Stem Cell transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Mari Kogiso
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XPre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Frank K. Braun
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XPre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Sophie Xiao
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Neuro-Oncology & Stem Cell transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Yulun Huang
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XPre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 215007 Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianfang Li
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Wan-Yee Teo
- grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, 169610 Singapore ,grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.414963.d0000 0000 8958 3388KK Women’s & Children’s Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Holly Lindsay
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XPre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Patricia Baxter
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jack M. F. Su
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Adekunle Adesina
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Miklós Laczik
- grid.424287.f0000 0004 0555 845XEpigenetic Services, Diagenode, Liège Belgium
| | - Paola Genevini
- grid.424287.f0000 0004 0555 845XEpigenetic Services, Diagenode, Liège Belgium
| | | | - Sol Schvartzman
- grid.424287.f0000 0004 0555 845XEpigenetic Services, Diagenode, Liège Belgium
| | - Geoffrey Berguet
- grid.424287.f0000 0004 0555 845XEpigenetic Services, Diagenode, Liège Belgium
| | - Shi-Rong Ding
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Department of Radiation, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Liping Du
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Clinical Cytogenetic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jianhua Yang
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Peter J. A. Davies
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Xinyan Lu
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Clinical Cytogenetic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Murali Chintagumpala
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Donald William Parsons
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Laszlo Perlaky
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Yun-Fei Xia
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Department of Radiation, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Tsz-Kwong Man
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Yun Huang
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Deqiang Sun
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XPre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XTexas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Neuro-Oncology & Stem Cell transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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16
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Corbett V, Hallenbeck P, Rychahou P, Chauhan A. Evolving role of seneca valley virus and its biomarker TEM8/ANTXR1 in cancer therapeutics. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:930207. [PMID: 36090051 PMCID: PMC9458967 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.930207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have made a significant inroad in cancer drug development. Numerous clinical trials are currently investigating oncolytic viruses both as single agents or in combination with various immunomodulators. Oncolytic viruses (OV) are an integral pillar of immuno-oncology and hold potential for not only delivering durable anti-tumor responses but also converting “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors. In this review we will discuss one such promising oncolytic virus called Seneca Valley Virus (SVV-001) and its therapeutic implications. SVV development has seen seismic evolution over the past decade and now boasts of being the only OV with a practically applicable biomarker for viral tropism. We discuss relevant preclinical and clinical data involving SVV and how bio-selecting for TEM8/ANTXR1, a negative tumor prognosticator can lead to first of its kind biomarker driven oncolytic viral cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Corbett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Piotr Rychahou
- Department of Surgery, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Aman Chauhan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Aman Chauhan,
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17
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Luo D, Wang H, Wang Q, Liang W, Liu B, Xue D, Yang Y, Ma B. Senecavirus A as an Oncolytic Virus: Prospects, Challenges and Development Directions. Front Oncol 2022; 12:839536. [PMID: 35371972 PMCID: PMC8968071 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.839536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have the capacity to selectively kill infected tumor cells and trigger protective immunity. As such, oncolytic virotherapy has become a promising immunotherapy strategy against cancer. A variety of viruses from different families have been proven to have oncolytic potential. Senecavirus A (SVA) was the first picornavirus to be tested in humans for its oncolytic potential and was shown to penetrate solid tumors through the vascular system. SVA displays several properties that make it a suitable model, such as its inability to integrate into human genome DNA and the absence of any viral-encoded oncogenes. In addition, genetic engineering of SVA based on the manipulation of infectious clones facilitates the development of recombinant viruses with improved therapeutic indexes to satisfy the criteria of safety and efficacy regulations. This review summarizes the current knowledge and strategies of genetic engineering for SVA, and addresses the current challenges and future directions of SVA as an oncolytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dankun Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenping Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Biao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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18
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Miguel Cejalvo J, Falato C, Villanueva L, Tolosa P, González X, Pascal M, Canes J, Gavilá J, Manso L, Pascual T, Prat A, Salvador F. Oncolytic Viruses: a new immunotherapeutic approach for breast cancer treatment? Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 106:102392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Pritha A, Anderson R, Anderson DE, Nicolaides T. A Holistic Review on the Current and Future Status of Biology-Driven and Broad-Spectrum Therapeutic Options for Medulloblastoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e23447. [PMID: 35481313 PMCID: PMC9034720 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
With a thorough investigation of the etiology of medulloblastomas, a comprehensive review was done to categorize available clinical trials in order to discuss the future potential of breakthroughs in treatment options. The pertinent issues of medulloblastoma therapy with radiation being inapplicable to children under the age of 3, and therapies causing toxicity are detailed and discussed in the context of understanding how the current therapies may address these suboptimal treatment modalities. This study aggregated published studies from the US government clinical trials website and filtered them based on their direct treatment towards medulloblastomas. Thirty-two clinical trials were applicable to be analyzed and the treatment mechanisms were discussed along with the efficacy; molecular groupings of medulloblastomas were also investigated. The investigated therapies tend to target sonic hedgehog (SHH)-subtype medulloblastomas, but there is a necessity for group 3 subtype and group 4 subtype to be targeted as well. Due to the heterogeneous nature of tumor relapse in groups 3 and 4, there are less specified trials towards those molecular groupings, and radiation seems to be the main scope of treatment. Medulloblastomas being primarily a pediatric tumor require treatment options that minimize radiation to increase the quality of living in children and to prevent long-term symptoms of over radiation. Exploring symptomatic treatment with donepezil in children with combination therapies may be a potential route for future trials; immunotherapies seem to hold potential in treating patients reacting adversely to radiation therapy.
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20
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Kogiso M, Qi L, Du Y, Braun FK, Zhang H, Huang LF, Guo L, Huang Y, Teo WY, Lindsay H, Zhao S, Injac SG, Liu Z, Mehta V, Tran D, Li F, Baxter PA, Su JM, Perlaky L, Parsons DW, Chintagumpala M, Adesina A, Song Y, Li XN. Synergistic anti-tumor efficacy of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 inhibitor SYC-435 with standard therapy in patient-derived xenograft mouse models of glioma. Transl Oncol 2022; 18:101368. [PMID: 35182954 PMCID: PMC8857594 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel pair of orthotopic PDX models of glioma bearing IDH1-R132H/R132C mutations. New mutant IDH1i (SY-435) with standard therapy led to strong therapeutic efficacy. H3K4/K9 methylation/mtDNA-encoded molecules mediate anti-tumor activity of SYC-435. Discovered MYO1F, CTC1 and BCL9 as novel genes that mediated SYC-435 resistance.
Clinical outcomes in patients with WHO grade II/III astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma or secondary glioblastoma remain poor. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is mutated in > 70% of these tumors, making it an attractive therapeutic target. To determine the efficacy of our newly developed mutant IDH1 inhibitor, SYC-435 (1-hydroxypyridin-2-one), we treated orthotopic glioma xenograft model (IC-BT142AOA) carrying R132H mutation and our newly established orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of recurrent anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (IC-V0914AOA) bearing R132C mutation. In addition to suppressing IDH1 mutant cell proliferation in vitro, SYC-435 (15 mg/kg, daily x 28 days) synergistically prolonged animal survival times with standard therapies (Temozolomide + fractionated radiation) mediated by reduction of H3K4/H3K9 methylation and expression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded molecules. Furthermore, RNA-seq of the remnant tumors identified genes (MYO1F, CTC1 and BCL9) and pathways (base excision repair, TCA cycle II, sirtuin signaling, protein kinase A, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and α-adrenergic signaling) as mediators of therapy resistance. Our data demonstrated the efficacy SYC-435 in targeting IDH1 mutant gliomas when combined with standard therapy and identified a novel set of genes that should be prioritized for future studies to overcome SYC-435 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kogiso
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lin Qi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Simpson Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Simpson Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Frank K Braun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - L Frank Huang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yulun Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Wan-Yee Teo
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National Cancer Center, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 169610, Singapore
| | - Holly Lindsay
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sibo Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah G Injac
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vidya Mehta
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diep Tran
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Alkek Center for Drug Discovery, Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patricia A Baxter
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jack M Su
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laszlo Perlaky
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D Williams Parsons
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Murali Chintagumpala
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Adekunle Adesina
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongcheng Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Simpson Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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21
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Qi L, Lindsay H, Kogiso M, Du Y, Braun FK, Zhang H, Guo L, Zhao S, Injac SG, Baxter PA, Su JM, Xiao S, Erickson SW, Earley EJ, Teicher B, Smith MA, Li XN. Evaluation of an EZH2 inhibitor in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models of pediatric brain tumors alone and in combination with chemo- and radiation therapies. J Transl Med 2022; 102:185-193. [PMID: 34802040 PMCID: PMC10228180 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Tazemetostat is an FDA-approved enhancer of zeste homolog (EZH2) inhibitor. To determine its role in difficult-to-treat pediatric brain tumors, we examined EZH2 levels in a panel of 22 PDOX models and confirmed EZH2 mRNA over-expression in 9 GBM (34.6 ± 12.7-fold) and 11 medulloblastoma models (6.2 ± 1.7 in group 3, 6.0 ± 2.4 in group 4) accompanied by elevated H3K27me3 expression. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in 4 models (1 GBM, 2 medulloblastomas and 1 ATRT) via systematically administered tazemetostat (250 and 400 mg/kg, gavaged, twice daily) alone and in combination with cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p., twice) and/or radiation (2 Gy/day × 5 days). Compared with the untreated controls, tazemetostat significantly (Pcorrected < 0.05) prolonged survival times in IC-L1115ATRT (101% at 400 mg/kg) and IC-2305GBM (32% at 250 mg/kg, 45% at 400 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of tazemetostat with radiation was evaluated in 3 models, with only one [IC-1078MB (group 4)] showing a substantial, though not statistically significant, prolongation in survival compared to radiation treatment alone. Combining tazemetostat (250 mg/kg) with cisplatin was not superior to cisplatin alone in any model. Analysis of in vivo drug resistance detected predominance of EZH2-negative cells in the remnant PDOX tumors accompanied by decreased H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 expressions. These data supported the use of tazemetostat in a subset of pediatric brain tumors and suggests that EZH2-negative tumor cells may have caused therapy resistance and should be prioritized for the search of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qi
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Holly Lindsay
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mari Kogiso
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank K Braun
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sibo Zhao
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah G Injac
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia A Baxter
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack Mf Su
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sophie Xiao
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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22
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The Current Landscape of Targeted Clinical Trials in Non-WNT/Non-SHH Medulloblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030679. [PMID: 35158947 PMCID: PMC8833659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Medulloblastoma is a form of malignant brain tumor that arises predominantly in infants and young children and can be divided into different groups based on molecular markers. The group of non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma includes a spectrum of heterogeneous subgroups that differ in their biological characteristics, genetic underpinnings, and clinical course of disease. Non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma is currently treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy; however, new drugs are needed to treat patients who are not yet curable and to reduce treatment-related toxicity and side effects. We here review which new treatment options for non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma are currently clinically tested. Furthermore, we illustrate the challenges that have to be overcome to reach a new therapeutic standard for non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma, for instance the current lack of good preclinical models, and the necessity to conduct trials in a comparably small patient collective. Abstract Medulloblastoma is an embryonal pediatric brain tumor and can be divided into at least four molecularly defined groups. The category non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma summarizes medulloblastoma groups 3 and 4 and is characterized by considerable genetic and clinical heterogeneity. New therapeutic strategies are needed to increase survival rates and to reduce treatment-related toxicity. We performed a noncomprehensive targeted review of the current clinical trial landscape and literature to summarize innovative treatment options for non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma. A multitude of new drugs is currently evaluated in trials for which non-WNT/non-SHH patients are eligible, for instance immunotherapy, kinase inhibitors, and drugs targeting the epigenome. However, the majority of these trials is not restricted to medulloblastoma and lacks molecular classification. Whereas many new molecular targets have been identified in the last decade, which are currently tested in clinical trials, several challenges remain on the way to reach a new therapeutic strategy for non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma. These include the severe lack of faithful preclinical models and predictive biomarkers, the question on how to stratify patients for clinical trials, and the relative lack of studies that recruit large, homogeneous patient collectives. Innovative trial designs and international collaboration will be a key to eventually overcome these obstacles.
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23
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Yang L, Gu X, Yu J, Ge S, Fan X. Oncolytic Virotherapy: From Bench to Bedside. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:790150. [PMID: 34901031 PMCID: PMC8662562 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are naturally occurring or genetically engineered viruses that can replicate preferentially in tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth. These viruses have been considered an effective anticancer strategy in recent years. They mainly function by direct oncolysis, inducing an anticancer immune response and expressing exogenous effector genes. Their multifunctional characteristics indicate good application prospects as cancer therapeutics, especially in combination with other therapies, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively understand the utility of oncolytic viruses in cancer therapeutics. Here, we review the characteristics, antitumor mechanisms, clinical applications, deficiencies and associated solutions, and future prospects of oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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24
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Zhang J, Wang T. Immune cell landscape and immunotherapy of medulloblastoma. Pediatr Investig 2021; 5:299-309. [PMID: 34938973 PMCID: PMC8666938 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common primary pediatric malignancy of the central nervous system. Recurrent and refractory patients account for approximately 30% of them. Immune cells are an important component of the brain tumor microenvironment, including tumor-associated macrophages, T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils and B lymphocytes. Understanding how they behave and interact is important in the investigation of the onset and progression of medulloblastoma. Here, we overview the features and recent advances of each component of immune cells in medulloblastoma. Meanwhile, immunotherapy is a promising but also challenging treatment strategy for medulloblastoma. At present, there are a growing number of immunotherapeutic approaches under investigation including immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, cancer vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, and natural killer cells in recurrent and refractory medulloblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of PediatricsBeijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Hematology Oncology CenterBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tianyou Wang
- Hematology Oncology CenterBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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25
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Autophagy in Tumor Immunity and Viral-Based Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102672. [PMID: 34685652 PMCID: PMC8534833 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental catabolic process essential for the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis, as well as directly contributing to the control of invading pathogens. Unsurprisingly, this process becomes critical in supporting cellular dysregulation that occurs in cancer, particularly the tumor microenvironments and their immune cell infiltration, ultimately playing a role in responses to cancer therapies. Therefore, understanding "cancer autophagy" could help turn this cellular waste-management service into a powerful ally for specific therapeutics. For instance, numerous regulatory mechanisms of the autophagic machinery can contribute to the anti-tumor properties of oncolytic viruses (OVs), which comprise a diverse class of replication-competent viruses with potential as cancer immunotherapeutics. In that context, autophagy can either: promote OV anti-tumor effects by enhancing infectivity and replication, mediating oncolysis, and inducing autophagic and immunogenic cell death; or reduce OV cytotoxicity by providing survival cues to tumor cells. These properties make the catabolic process of autophagy an attractive target for therapeutic combinations looking to enhance the efficacy of OVs. In this article, we review the complicated role of autophagy in cancer initiation and development, its effect on modulating OVs and immunity, and we discuss recent progress and opportunities/challenges in targeting autophagy to enhance oncolytic viral immunotherapy.
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26
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Audi ZF, Saker Z, Rizk M, Harati H, Fares Y, Bahmad HF, Nabha SM. Immunosuppression in Medulloblastoma: Insights into Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021; 22:83. [PMID: 34328587 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric brain malignancy, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of around 65%. The conventional MB treatment, comprising surgical resection followed by irradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy, often leads to impairment in normal body functions and poor quality of life, especially with the increased risk of recurrence and subsequent development of secondary malignancies. The development and progression of MB are facilitated by a variety of immune-evading mechanisms such as the secretion of immunosuppressive molecules, activation of immunosuppressive cells, inhibition of immune checkpoint molecules, impairment of adhesive molecules, downregulation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, protection against apoptosis, and activation of immunosuppressive pathways. Understanding the tumor-immune relationship in MB is crucial for effective development of immune-based therapeutic strategies. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the immunological aspect of the brain, focusing on the current knowledge tackling the mechanisms of MB immune suppression and evasion. We also highlight several key immunotherapeutic approaches developed to date for the treatment of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa F Audi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zahraa Saker
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mahdi Rizk
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hayat Harati
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Fares
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Rd, Miami Beach, FL, USA.
| | - Sanaa M Nabha
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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27
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Wen W, Li X, Wang H, Zhao Q, Yin M, Liu W, Chen H, Qian P. Seneca Valley Virus 3C Protease Induces Pyroptosis by Directly Cleaving Porcine Gasdermin D. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:189-199. [PMID: 34183365 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a newly emerging virus belonging to the Picornaviridae family, has caused vesicular disease in the swine industry. However, the molecular mechanism of viral pathogenesis remains poorly understood. This study revealed that SVV infection could induce pyroptosis in SK6 cells in a caspase-dependent and -independent manner. SVV may inhibit caspase-1 activation at late infection because of 3Cpro cleavage of NLRP3, which counteracted pyroptosis activation. Further study showed that 3Cpro targeted porcine gasdermin D (pGSDMD) for cleavage through its protease activity. 3Cpro cleaved porcine GSDMD (pGSDMD) at two sites, glutamine 193 (Q193) and glutamine 277 (Q277), and Q277 was close to the caspase-1-induced pGSDMD cleavage site. pGSDMD1-277 triggered cell death, which was similar to N-terminal fragment produced by caspase-1 cleavage of pGSDMD, and other fragments exhibited no significant inhibitory effects on cellular activity. Ectopic expression of pGSDMD converted 3Cpro-induced apoptosis to pyroptosis in 293T cells. Interestingly, 3Cpro did not cleave mouse GSDMD or human GSDMD. And, both pGSDMD and pGSDMD1-277 exhibited bactericidal activities in vivo. Nevertheless, pGSDMD cannot kill bacteria in vitro. Taken together, our results reveal a novel pyroptosis activation manner produced by viral protease cleavage of pGSDMD, which may provide an important insight into the pathogenesis of SVV and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengge Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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28
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Ross JL, Vega JV, Plant A, MacDonald TJ, Becher OJ, Hambardzumyan D. Tumor immune landscape of paediatric high-grade gliomas. Brain 2021; 144:2594-2609. [PMID: 33856022 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made towards elucidating the origin and genomic landscape of childhood high-grade brain tumors. It has become evident that pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) differ from adult HGGs with respect to multiple defining aspects including: DNA copy number, gene expression profiles, tumor locations within the central nervous system, and genetic alterations such as somatic histone mutations. Despite these advances, clinical trials for children with glioma have historically been based on ineffective adult regimens that fail to take into consideration the fundamental biological differences between the two. Additionally, although our knowledge of the intrinsic cellular mechanisms driving tumor progression has considerably expanded, little is known concerning the dynamic tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in pHGGs. In this review, we explore the genetic and epigenetic landscape of pHGGs and how this drives the creation of specific tumor sub-groups with meaningful survival outcomes. Further, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the pHGG TIME and discuss emerging therapeutic efforts aimed at exploiting the immune functions of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jose Velazquez Vega
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashley Plant
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tobey J MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Oren J Becher
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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29
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Jin KT, Du WL, Liu YY, Lan HR, Si JX, Mou XZ. Oncolytic Virotherapy in Solid Tumors: The Challenges and Achievements. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040588. [PMID: 33546172 PMCID: PMC7913179 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) could be applied in cancer immunotherapy without in-depth knowledge of tumor antigens. The capability of genetic modification makes OVs exciting therapeutic tools with a high potential for manipulation. Improving efficacy, employing immunostimulatory elements, changing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to inflammatory TME, optimizing their delivery system, and increasing the safety are the main areas of OVs manipulations. Recently, the reciprocal interaction of OVs and TME has become a hot topic for investigators to enhance the efficacy of OVT with less off-target adverse events. Current investigations suggest that the main application of OVT is to provoke the antitumor immune response in the TME, which synergize the effects of other immunotherapies such as immune-checkpoint blockers and adoptive cell therapy. In this review, we focused on the effects of OVs on the TME and antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, OVT challenges, including its moderate efficiency, safety concerns, and delivery strategies, along with recent achievements to overcome challenges, are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, China; (K.-T.J.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Wen-Lin Du
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China;
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu-Yao Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, China; (K.-T.J.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, China;
| | - Jing-Xing Si
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (J.-X.S.); (X.-Z.M.); Tel./Fax: +86-571-85893781 (J.-X.S.); +86-571-85893985 (X.-Z.M.)
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (J.-X.S.); (X.-Z.M.); Tel./Fax: +86-571-85893781 (J.-X.S.); +86-571-85893985 (X.-Z.M.)
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30
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Rescue of NanoLuc luciferase-expressing Senecavirus A with oncolytic activity. Virus Res 2021; 292:198232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Jin KT, Tao XH, Fan YB, Wang SB. Crosstalk between oncolytic viruses and autophagy in cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:110932. [PMID: 33370632 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have attracted attention as a promising strategy in cancer therapy owing to their ability to selectively infect and kill tumor cells, without affecting healthy cells. They also exert their anti-tumor effects by releasing immunostimulatory molecules from dying cancer cells. Several regulatory mechanisms, such as autophagy, contribute to the anti-tumor properties of oncolytic viruses. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process in responses to various stresses, such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and infection that produces energy by lysosomal degradation of intracellular contents. Autophagy can support infectivity and replication of the oncolytic virus and enhance their anti-tumor effects via mediating oncolysis, autophagic cell death, and immunogenic cell death. On the other hand, autophagy can reduce the cytotoxicity of oncolytic viruses by providing survival nutrients for tumor cells. In his review, we summarize various types of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials, their mechanism of action, and autophagy machinery. Furthermore, we precisely discuss the interaction between oncolytic viruses and autophagy in cancer therapy and their combinational effects on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hua Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yi-Bin Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Shi-Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Oncolytic Viruses as a Platform for the Treatment of Malignant Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207449. [PMID: 33050329 PMCID: PMC7589928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors remain incurable diseases. Although much effort has been devoted to improving patient outcome, multiple factors such as the high tumor heterogeneity, the strong tumor-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment, and the low mutational burden make the treatment of these tumors especially challenging. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies are urgent. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are biotherapeutics that have been selected or engineered to infect and selectively kill cancer cells. Increasingly, preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate the ability of OVs to recruit T cells and induce durable immune responses against both virus and tumor, transforming a “cold” tumor microenvironment into a “hot” environment. Besides promising clinical results as a monotherapy, OVs can be powerfully combined with other cancer therapies, helping to overcome critical barriers through the creation of synergistic effects in the fight against brain cancer. Although many questions remain to be answered to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of OVs, oncolytic virotherapy will clearly be part of future treatments for patients with malignant brain tumors.
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33
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Qi L, Kogiso M, Du Y, Zhang H, Braun FK, Huang Y, Teo WY, Lindsay H, Zhao S, Baxter P, Zhao X, Yu L, Liu Z, Zhang X, Su JM, Adesina A, Yang J, Chintagumpala M, Perlaky L, Tsz-Kwong Man C, Lau CC, Li XN. Impact of SCID mouse gender on tumorigenicity, xenograft growth and drug-response in a large panel of orthotopic PDX models of pediatric brain tumors. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:197-206. [PMID: 32891713 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumor is the leading cause of cancer related death in children. Clinically relevant animals are critical for new therapy development. To address the potential impact of animal gender on tumorigenicity rate, xenograft growth and in vivo drug responses, we retrospectively analyzed 99 of our established patient derived orthotopic xenograft mouse models (orthotopic PDX or PDOX). From 27 patient tumors, including 5 glioblastomas (GBMs), 11 medulloblastomas (MBs), 4 ependymomas (EPNs), 4 atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) and 3 diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), that were directly implanted into matching locations in the brains of approximately equal numbers of male and female animals (n = 310) in age-matched (within 2-week age-difference) SCID mice, the tumor formation rate was 50.6 ± 21.5% in male and 52.7 ± 23.5% in female mice with animal survival times of 192.6 ± 31.7 days in male and 173.9 ± 34.5 days in female mice (P = 0.46) regardless of pathological diagnosis. Once established, PDOX tumors were serially subtransplanted for up to VII passage. Analysis of 1,595 mice from 59 PDOX models (18 GBMs, 18 MBs, 5 ATRTs, 6 EPNs, 7 DIPGs and 5 PENTs) during passage II and VII revealed similar tumor take rates of the 6 different tumor types between male (85.4 ± 15.5%) and female mice (84.7 ± 15.2%) (P = 0.74), and animal survival times were 96.7 ± 23.3 days in male mice and 99.7 ± 20 days in female (P = 0.25). A total of 284 mice from 7 GBM, 2 MB, 1 ATRT, 1 EPN, 2 DIPG and 1 PNET were treated with a series of standard and investigational drugs/compounds. The overall survival times were 106.9 ± 25.7 days in male mice, and 110.9 ± 31.8 days in female mice (P = 0.41), similar results were observed when different types/models were analyzed separately. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that the gender of SCID mice did not have a major impact on animal model development nor drug responses in vivo, and SCID mice of both genders are appropriate for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qi
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mari Kogiso
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Frank K Braun
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yulun Huang
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Wan-Yee Teo
- Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, 169610, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 169610, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 169610, Singapore; Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169610, Singapore
| | - Holly Lindsay
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sibo Zhao
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Xiumei Zhao
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Litian Yu
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Oancer Oenter of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519001, China; Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519001, China
| | - Xingding Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jack Mf Su
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Adekunle Adesina
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ching C Lau
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, USA; The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine and University of Connecticut School of Medicine, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Luzzi S, Giotta Lucifero A, Brambilla I, Semeria Mantelli S, Mosconi M, Foiadelli T, Savasta S. Targeting the medulloblastoma: a molecular-based approach. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:79-100. [PMID: 32608377 PMCID: PMC7975825 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i7-s.9958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of success of standard therapies for medulloblastoma has highlighted the need to plan a new therapeutic approach. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the novel treatment strategies based on the molecular characterization and risk categories of the medulloblastoma, also focusing on up-to-date relevant clinical trials and the challenges in translating tailored approaches into clinical practice. METHODS An online search of the literature was carried out on the PubMed/MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov websites about molecular classification of medulloblastomas, ongoing clinical trials and new treatment strategies. Only articles in the English language and published in the last five years were selected. The research was refined based on the best match and relevance. RESULTS A total 58 articles and 51 clinical trials were analyzed. Trials were of phase I, II, and I/II in 55%, 33% and 12% of the cases, respectively. Target and adoptive immunotherapies were the treatment strategies for newly diagnosed and recurrent medulloblastoma in 71% and 29% of the cases, respectively. CONCLUSION Efforts are focused on the fine-tuning of target therapies and immunotherapies, including agents directed to specific pathways, engineered T-cells and oncoviruses. The blood-brain barrier, chemoresistance, the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells are the main translational challenges to be overcome in order to optimize medulloblastoma treatment, reduce the long-term morbidity and increase the overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Brambilla
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Uni-versity of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Simona Semeria Mantelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Uni-versity of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Mario Mosconi
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Thomas Foiadelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Uni-versity of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Savasta
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Uni-versity of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Hermans E, Hulleman E. Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models of Pediatric Brain Tumors: In a Mature Phase or Still in Its Infancy? Front Oncol 2020; 9:1418. [PMID: 31970083 PMCID: PMC6960099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, molecular profiling has led to the discovery of an increasing number of brain tumor subtypes, and associated therapeutic targets. These molecular features have been incorporated in the 2016 new World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), which now distinguishes tumor subgroups not only histologically, but also based on molecular characteristics. Despite an improved diagnosis of (pediatric) tumors in the CNS however, the survival of children with malignant brain tumors still is far worse than for those suffering from other types of malignancies. Therefore, new treatments need to be developed, based on subgroup-specific genetic aberrations. Here, we provide an overview of the currently available orthotopic xenograft models for pediatric brain tumor subtypes as defined by the 2016 WHO classification, to facilitate the choice of appropriate animal models for the preclinical testing of novel treatment strategies, and to provide insight into the current gaps and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hermans
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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36
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Wen W, Yin M, Zhang H, Liu T, Chen H, Qian P, Hu J, Li X. Seneca Valley virus 2C and 3C inhibit type I interferon production by inducing the degradation of RIG-I. Virology 2019; 535:122-129. [PMID: 31299488 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a member of the Picornaviridae family, which has been used to treat neuroendocrine cancer. The innate immune system plays an important role in SVV infection. However, few studies have elucidated the relationship between SVV infection and the host's antiviral response. In this study, SVV replication could induce the degradation of RIG-I in HEK-293T, SW620 and SK6 cells. And overexpressing retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) could significantly inhibit SVV propagation. The viral protein 2C and 3C were essential for the degradation of RIG-I. Furthermore, 2C and 3C significantly reduced Sev or RIG-I-induced IFN-β production. Mechanistically, 2C and 3C induced RIG-I degradation through the caspase signaling pathway. Taken together, we demonstrate the antiviral role of RIG-I against SVV and the mechanism by which SVV 2C and 3C weaken the host innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengge Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Hubei Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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37
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Liu T, Li X, Wu M, Qin L, Chen H, Qian P. Seneca Valley Virus 2C and 3C pro Induce Apoptosis via Mitochondrion-Mediated Intrinsic Pathway. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1202. [PMID: 31191506 PMCID: PMC6549803 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is the only member of the genus Senecavirus of the Picornaviridae family. SVV can selectively infect and lyse tumor cells with neuroendocrine features and is used as an oncolytic virus for treating small-cell lung cancers. However, the detailed mechanism underlying SVV-mediated destruction of tumor cells remains unclear. In this study, we found that SVV can increase the proportion of apoptotic 293T cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. SVV-induced apoptosis was initiated via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways through activation of caspase-3, the activity of which could be attenuated by a pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK). We confirmed that SVV 2C and 3Cpro play critical roles in SVV-induced apoptosis. The SVV 2C protein was located solely in the mitochondria and activated caspase-3 to induce apoptosis. SVV 3Cpro induced apoptosis through its protease activity, which was accompanied by release of cytochrome C into the cytoplasm, but did not directly cleave PARP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengge Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liuxing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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38
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McCarthy C, Jayawardena N, Burga LN, Bostina M. Developing Picornaviruses for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E685. [PMID: 31100962 PMCID: PMC6562951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) form a group of novel anticancer therapeutic agents which selectively infect and lyse cancer cells. Members of several viral families, including Picornaviridae, have been shown to have anticancer activity. Picornaviruses are small icosahedral non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses infecting a wide range of hosts. They possess several advantages for development for cancer therapy: Their genomes do not integrate into host chromosomes, do not encode oncogenes, and are easily manipulated as cDNA. This review focuses on the picornaviruses investigated for anticancer potential and the mechanisms that underpin this specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac McCarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Nadishka Jayawardena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Laura N Burga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Mihnea Bostina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
- Otago Micro and Nano Imaging, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
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Bahreyni A, Ghorbani E, Fuji H, Ryzhikov M, Khazaei M, Erfani M, Avan A, Hassanian SM, Azadmanesh K. Therapeutic potency of oncolytic virotherapy-induced cancer stem cells targeting in brain tumors, current status, and perspectives. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:2766-2773. [PMID: 30321455 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are the most common form of solid tumors in children and is presently a serious therapeutic challenge worldwide. Traditional treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy was shown to be unsuccessful in targeting brain tumor cancer stem cells (CSCs), leading to recurrent, treatment-resistant secondary malignancies. Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is an effective antitumor therapeutic strategy which offers a novel, targeted approach for eradicating pediatric brain tumor CSCs by utilizing mechanisms of cell killing that differ from conventional therapies. A number of studies and some clinical trials have therefore investigated the effects of combined therapy of radiations or chemotherapies with oncolytic viruses which provide new insights regarding the effectiveness and improvement of treatment responses for brain cancer patients. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the therapeutic potency of OVs-induced CSCs targeting in the treatment of brain tumors for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Department of Microbiology, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Fuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Payame-Noor University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marjan Erfani
- Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed M Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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40
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Terai K, Bi D, Liu Z, Kimura K, Sanaat Z, Dolatkhah R, Soleimani M, Jones C, Bright A, Esfandyari T, Farassati F. A Novel Oncolytic Herpes Capable of Cell-Specific Transcriptional Targeting of CD133± Cancer Cells Induces Significant Tumor Regression. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1154-1169. [PMID: 29658163 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The topic of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is of significant importance due to its implications in our understanding of the tumor biology as well as the development of novel cancer therapeutics. However, the question of whether targeting CSCs can hamper the growth of tumors remains mainly unanswered due to the lack of specific agents for this purpose. To address this issue, we have developed the first mutated version of herpes simplex virus-1 that is transcriptionally targeted against CD133+ cells. CD133 has been portrayed as one of the most important markers in CSCs involved in the biology of a number of human cancers, including liver, brain, colon, skin, and pancreas. The virus developed in this work, Signal-Smart 2, showed specificity against CD133+ cells in three different models (hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and melanoma) resulting in a loss of viability and invasiveness of cancer cells. Additionally, the virus showed robust inhibitory activity against in vivo tumor growth in both preventive and therapeutic mouse models as well as orthotopic model highly relevant to potential clinical application of this virus. Therefore, we conclude that targeting CD133+ CSCs has the potential to be pursued as a novel strategy against cancer. Stem Cells 2018;36:1154-1169.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Terai
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas, Missouri, USA
| | - Danse Bi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhengian Liu
- Midwest Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas, Missouri, USA
| | - Kyle Kimura
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas, Missouri, USA
| | - Zohreh Sanaat
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas, Missouri, USA
| | - Roya Dolatkhah
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas, Missouri, USA
| | - Mina Soleimani
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher Jones
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas, Missouri, USA
| | - Allison Bright
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas, Missouri, USA
| | - Tuba Esfandyari
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas, Missouri, USA
| | - Faris Farassati
- Midwest Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas, Missouri, USA.,Saint Luke's Cancer Institute-Saint Luke's Marion Bloch Neuroscience Institute, Kansas, Missouri, USA
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41
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Oncolytic Viruses as Therapeutic Tools for Pediatric Brain Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070226. [PMID: 29987215 PMCID: PMC6071081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, we have seen an important progress in our comprehension of the molecular basis of pediatric brain tumors (PBTs). However, they still represent the main cause of death by disease in children. Due to the poor prognosis of some types of PBTs and the long-term adverse effects associated with the traditional treatments, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as an interesting therapeutic option since they displayed safety and high tolerability in pre-clinical and clinical levels. In this review, we summarize the OVs evaluated in different types of PBTs, mostly in pre-clinical studies, and we discuss the possible future direction of research in this field. In this sense, one important aspect of OVs antitumoral effect is the stimulation of an immune response against the tumor which is necessary for a complete response in preclinical immunocompetent models and in the clinic. The role of the immune system in the response of OVs needs to be evaluated in PBTs and represents an experimental challenge due to the limited immunocompetent models of these diseases available for pre-clinical research.
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42
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Kogiso M, Qi L, Braun FK, Injac SG, Zhang L, Du Y, Zhang H, Lin FY, Zhao S, Lindsay H, Su JM, Baxter PA, Adesina AM, Liao D, Qian MG, Berg S, Muscal JA, Li XN. Concurrent Inhibition of Neurosphere and Monolayer Cells of Pediatric Glioblastoma by Aurora A Inhibitor MLN8237 Predicted Survival Extension in PDOX Models. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2159-2170. [PMID: 29463553 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Pediatric glioblastoma multiforme (pGBM) is a highly aggressive tumor in need of novel therapies. Our objective was to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of MLN8237 (alisertib), an orally available selective inhibitor of Aurora A kinase (AURKA), and to evaluate which in vitro model system (monolayer or neurosphere) can predict therapeutic efficacy in vivoExperimental Design: AURKA mRNA expressions were screened with qRT-PCR. In vitro antitumor effects were examined in three matching pairs of monolayer and neurosphere lines established from patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of the untreated (IC-4687GBM), recurrent (IC-3752GBM), and terminal (IC-R0315GBM) tumors, and in vivo therapeutic efficacy through log rank analysis of survival times in two models (IC-4687GBM and IC-R0315GBM) following MLN8237 treatment (30 mg/kg/day, orally, 12 days). Drug concentrations in vivo and mechanism of action and resistance were also investigated.Results: AURKA mRNA overexpression was detected in 14 pGBM tumors, 10 PDOX models, and 6 cultured pGBM lines as compared with 11 low-grade gliomas and normal brains. MLN8237 penetrated into pGBM xenografts in mouse brains. Significant extension of survival times were achieved in IC-4687GBM of which both neurosphere and monolayer were inhibited in vitro, but not in IC-R0315GBM of which only neurosphere cells responded (similar to IC-3752GBM). Apoptosis-mediated MLN8237 induced cell death, and the presence of AURKA-negative and CD133+ cells appears to have contributed to in vivo therapy resistance.Conclusions: MLN8237 successfully targeted AURKA in a subset of pGBMs. Our data suggest that combination therapy should aim at AURKA-negative and/or CD133+ pGBM cells to prevent tumor recurrence. Clin Cancer Res; 24(9); 2159-70. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kogiso
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lin Qi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Frank K Braun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah G Injac
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Linna Zhang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuchen Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Frank Y Lin
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sibo Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Holly Lindsay
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack M Su
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Patricia A Baxter
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Adekunle M Adesina
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Debra Liao
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark G Qian
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stacey Berg
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jodi A Muscal
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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43
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Kumar V, Kumar V, McGuire T, Coulter DW, Sharp JG, Mahato RI. Challenges and Recent Advances in Medulloblastoma Therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:1061-1084. [PMID: 29061299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common childhood brain tumor, which occurs in the posterior fossa. MB tumors are highly heterogeneous and have diverse genetic make-ups, with differential microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles and variable prognoses. MB can be classified into four subgroups, each with different origins, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic targets. miRNA and small-molecule targeted therapies have emerged as a potential new therapeutic paradigm in MB treatment. However, the development of chemoresistance due to surviving cancer stem cells and dysregulation of miRNAs remains a challenge. Combination therapies using multiple drugs and miRNAs could be effective approaches. In this review we discuss various MB subtypes, barriers, and novel therapeutic options which may be less toxic than current standard treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Timothy McGuire
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Donald W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - John G Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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44
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Masemann D, Boergeling Y, Ludwig S. Employing RNA viruses to fight cancer: novel insights into oncolytic virotherapy. Biol Chem 2017; 398:891-909. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Within recent decades, viruses that specifically target tumor cells have emerged as novel therapeutic agents against cancer. These viruses do not only act via their cell-lytic properties, but also harbor immunostimulatory features to re-direct the tumor microenvironment and stimulate tumor-directed immune responses. Furthermore, oncolytic viruses are considered to be superior to classical cancer therapies due to higher selectivity towards tumor cell destruction and, consequently, less collateral damage of non-transformed healthy tissue. In particular, the field of oncolytic RNA viruses is rapidly developing since these agents possess alternative tumor-targeting strategies compared to established oncolytic DNA viruses. Thus, oncolytic RNA viruses have broadened the field of virotherapy facilitating new strategies to fight cancer. In addition to several naturally occurring oncolytic viruses, genetically modified RNA viruses that are armed to express foreign factors such as immunostimulatory molecules have been successfully tested in early clinical trials showing promising efficacy. This review aims to provide an overview of the most promising RNA viruses in clinical development, to summarize the current knowledge of clinical trials using these viral agents, and to discuss the main issues as well as future perspectives of clinical approaches using oncolytic RNA viruses.
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45
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Miles LA, Burga LN, Gardner EE, Bostina M, Poirier JT, Rudin CM. Anthrax toxin receptor 1 is the cellular receptor for Seneca Valley virus. J Clin Invest 2017. [PMID: 28650343 DOI: 10.1172/jci93472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is an oncolytic picornavirus with selective tropism for neuroendocrine cancers. It has shown promise as a cancer therapeutic in preclinical studies and early-phase clinical trials. Here, we have identified anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1) as the receptor for SVV using genome-wide loss-of-function screens. ANTXR1 is necessary for permissivity in vitro and in vivo. However, robust SVV replication requires an additional innate immune defect. We found that SVV interacts directly and specifically with ANTXR1, that this interaction is required for SVV binding to permissive cells, and that ANTXR1 expression is necessary and sufficient for infection in cell lines with decreased expression of antiviral IFN genes at baseline. Finally, we identified the region of the SVV capsid that is responsible for receptor recognition using cryoelectron microscopy of the SVV-ANTXR1-Fc complex. These studies identify ANTXR1, a class of receptor that is shared by a mammalian virus and a bacterial toxin, as the cellular receptor for SVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde A Miles
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Eric E Gardner
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mihnea Bostina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Otago Centre for Electron Microscopy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John T Poirier
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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46
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Russell SJ, Peng KW. Oncolytic Virotherapy: A Contest between Apples and Oranges. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1107-1116. [PMID: 28392162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses can be engineered or adapted for selective propagation in neoplastic tissues and further modified for therapeutic transgene expression to enhance their antitumor potency and druggability. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can be administered locally or intravenously and spread to a variable degree at sites of tumor growth. OV-infected tumor cells die in situ, releasing viral and tumor antigens that are phagocytosed by macrophages, transported to regional lymph nodes, and presented to antigen-reactive T cells, which proliferate before dispersing to kill uninfected tumor cells at distant sites. Several OVs are showing clinical promise, and one of them, talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), was recently granted marketing approval for intratumoral therapy of nonresectable metastatic melanoma. T-VEC also appears to substantially enhance clinical responsiveness to checkpoint inhibitor antibody therapy. Here, we examine the T-VEC paradigm and review some of the approaches currently being pursued to develop the next generation of OVs for both local and systemic administration, as well as for use in combination with other immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Kah-Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Abstract
Seneca Valley Virus isolate 001 (SVV-001) is an oncolytic RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is also the first picornavirus discovered of the novel genus Senecavirus. SVV-001 replicates through an RNA intermediate, bypassing a DNA phase, and is unable to integrate into the host genome. SVV-001 was originally discovered as a contaminant in the cell culture of fetal retinoblasts and has since been identified as a potent oncolytic virus against tumors of neuroendocrine origin. SVV-001 has a number of features that make it an attractive oncolytic virus, namely, its ability to target and penetrate solid tumors via intravenous administration, inability for insertional mutagenesis, and being a self-replicating RNA virus with selective tropism for cancer cells. SVV-001 has been studied in both pediatric and adult early phase studies reporting safety and some clinical efficacy, albeit primarily in adult tumors. This review summarizes the current knowledge of SVV-001 and what its future as an oncolytic virus may hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Burke
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, MACC Fund Research Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Waters AM, Friedman GK, Ring EK, Beierle EA. Oncolytic virotherapy for pediatric malignancies: future prospects. Oncolytic Virother 2016; 5:73-80. [PMID: 27579298 PMCID: PMC4996251 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s96932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric solid tumors remain a major health concern, with nearly 16,000 children diagnosed each year. Of those, ~2,000 succumb to their disease, and survivors often suffer from lifelong disability secondary to toxic effects of current treatments. Countless multimodality treatment regimens are being explored to make advances against this deadly disease. One targeted treatment approach is oncolytic virotherapy. Conditionally replicating viruses can infect tumor cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. Four viruses have been advanced to pediatric clinical trials, including herpes simplex virus-1, Seneca Valley virus, reovirus, and vaccinia virus. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of action of each virus, pediatric preclinical studies conducted to date, past and ongoing pediatric clinical trials, and potential future direction for these novel viral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Waters
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric K Ring
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Buijs PRA, Verhagen JHE, van Eijck CHJ, van den Hoogen BG. Oncolytic viruses: From bench to bedside with a focus on safety. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1573-84. [PMID: 25996182 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1037058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are a relatively new class of anti-cancer immunotherapy agents. Several viruses have undergone evaluation in clinical trials in the last decades, and the first agent is about to be approved to be used as a novel cancer therapy modality. In the current review, an overview is presented on recent (pre)clinical developments in the field of oncolytic viruses that have previously been or currently are being evaluated in clinical trials. Special attention is given to possible safety issues like toxicity, environmental shedding, mutation and reversion to wildtype virus.
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Key Words
- CAR, Coxsackie Adenovirus receptor
- CD, cytosine deaminase
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CVA, Coxsackievirus type A
- DAF, decay accelerating factor
- DNA, DNA
- EEV, extracellular enveloped virus
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EGF-R, EGF receptor
- EMA, European Medicines Agency
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GBM, glioblastoma multiforme
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HA, hemagglutinin
- HAdV, Human (mast)adenovirus
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- HSV, herpes simplex virus
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1
- IFN, interferon
- IRES, internal ribosome entry site
- KRAS, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
- Kb, kilobase pairs
- MeV, Measles virus
- MuLV, Murine leukemia virus
- NDV, Newcastle disease virus
- NIS, sodium/iodide symporter
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma
- OV, oncolytic virus
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PKR, protein kinase R
- PV, Polio virus
- RCR, replication competent retrovirus
- RCT, randomized controlled trial
- RGD, arginylglycylaspartic acid (Arg-Gly-Asp)
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- Rb, retinoblastoma
- SVV, Seneca Valley virus
- TGFα, transforming growth factor α
- VGF, Vaccinia growth factor
- VSV, Vesicular stomatitis virus
- VV, Vaccinia virus
- cancer
- crHAdV, conditionally replicating HAdV
- dsDNA, double stranded DNA
- dsRNA, double stranded RNA
- environment
- hIFNβ, human IFN β
- immunotherapy
- mORV, Mammalian orthoreovirus
- mORV-T3D, mORV type 3 Dearing
- oHSV, oncolytic HSV
- oncolytic virotherapy
- oncolytic virus
- rdHAdV, replication-deficient HAdV
- review
- safety
- shedding
- ssRNA, single stranded RNA
- tk, thymidine kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal R A Buijs
- a Department of Surgery; Erasmus MC; University Medical Center ; Rotterdam , The Netherlands
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Miles LA, Brennen WN, Rudin CM, Poirier JT. Seneca Valley Virus 3Cpro Substrate Optimization Yields Efficient Substrates for Use in Peptide-Prodrug Therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129103. [PMID: 26069962 PMCID: PMC4466507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncolytic picornavirus Seneca Valley Virus (SVV-001) demonstrates anti-tumor activity in models of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), but may ultimately need to be combined with cytotoxic therapies to improve responses observed in patients. Combining SVV-001 virotherapy with a peptide prodrug activated by the viral protease 3Cpro is a novel strategy that may increase the therapeutic potential of SVV-001. Using recombinant SVV-001 3Cpro, we measured cleavage kinetics of predicted SVV-001 3Cpro substrates. An efficient substrate, L/VP4 (kcat/KM = 1932 ± 183 M(-1)s(-1)), was further optimized by a P2' N→P substitution yielding L/VP4.1 (kcat/KM = 17446 ± 2203 M(-1)s(-1)). We also determined essential substrate amino acids by sequential N-terminal deletion and substitution of amino acids found in other picornavirus genera. A peptide corresponding to the L/VP4.1 substrate was selectively cleaved by SVV-001 3Cpro in vitro and was stable in human plasma. These data define an optimized peptide substrate for SVV-001 3Cpro, with direct implications for anti-cancer therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde A. Miles
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - W. Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Rudin
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John T. Poirier
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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