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Slotkin EK, Bowman AS, Levine MF, Dela Cruz F, Coutinho DF, Sanchez GI, Rosales N, Modak S, Tap WD, Gounder MM, Thornton KA, Bouvier N, You D, Gundem G, Gerstle JT, Heaton TE, LaQuaglia MP, Wexler LH, Meyers PA, Kung AL, Papaemmanuil E, Zehir A, Ladanyi M, Shukla N. Comprehensive Molecular Profiling of Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1146-1155. [PMID: 33753552 PMCID: PMC8293793 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is characterized by the EWSR1-WT1 t(11;22) (p13:q12) translocation. Few additional putative drivers have been identified, and research has suffered from a lack of model systems. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from 68 matched tumor-normal samples, whole-genome sequencing data from 10 samples, transcriptomic and affymetrix array data, and a bank of DSRCT patient-derived xenograft (PDX) are presented. EWSR1-WT1 fusions were noted to be simple, balanced events. Recurrent mutations were uncommon, but were noted in TERT (3%), ARID1A (6%), HRAS (5%), and TP53 (3%), and recurrent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 11p, 11q, and 16q was identified in 18%, 22%, and 34% of samples, respectively. Comparison of tumor-normal matched versus unmatched analysis suggests overcalling of somatic mutations in prior publications of DSRCT NGS data. Alterations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) were identified in 5 of 68 (7%) of tumor samples, whereas differential overexpression of FGFR4 was confirmed orthogonally using 2 platforms. PDX models harbored the pathognomic EWSR1-WT1 fusion and were highly representative of corresponding tumors. Our analyses confirm DSRCT as a genomically quiet cancer defined by the balanced translocation, t(11;22)(p13:q12), characterized by a paucity of secondary mutations but a significant number of copy number alterations. Against this genomically quiet background, recurrent activating alterations of FGFR4 stood out, and suggest that this receptor tyrosine kinase, also noted to be highly expressed in DSRCT, should be further investigated. Future studies of DSRCT biology and preclinical therapeutic strategies should benefit from the PDX models characterized in this study. IMPLICATIONS: These data describe the general quiescence of the desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) genome, present the first available bank of DSRCT model systems, and nominate FGFR4 as a key receptor tyrosine kinase in DSRCT, based on high expression, recurrent amplification, and recurrent activating mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Slotkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Anita S Bowman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Max F Levine
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Filemon Dela Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Diego F Coutinho
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Glorymar I Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nestor Rosales
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shakeel Modak
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - William D Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mrinal M Gounder
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Katherine A Thornton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nancy Bouvier
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Daoqi You
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gunes Gundem
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Justin T Gerstle
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Todd E Heaton
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael P LaQuaglia
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Leonard H Wexler
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul A Meyers
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ahmet Zehir
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Neerav Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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2
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Arnold F, Gout J, Wiese H, Weissinger SE, Roger E, Perkhofer L, Walter K, Scheible J, Prelli Bozzo C, Lechel A, Ettrich TJ, Azoitei N, Hao L, Fürstberger A, Kaminska EK, Sparrer KMJ, Rasche V, Wiese S, Kestler HA, Möller P, Seufferlein T, Frappart PO, Kleger A. RINT1 Regulates SUMOylation and the DNA Damage Response to Preserve Cellular Homeostasis in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1758-1774. [PMID: 33531371 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) still presents with a dismal prognosis despite intense research. Better understanding of cellular homeostasis could identify druggable targets to improve therapy. Here we propose RAD50-interacting protein 1 (RINT1) as an essential mediator of cellular homeostasis in PDAC. In a cohort of resected PDAC, low RINT1 protein expression correlated significantly with better survival. Accordingly, RINT1 depletion caused severe growth defects in vitro associated with accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), G2 cell cycle arrest, disruption of Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and cell death. Time-resolved transcriptomics corroborated by quantitative proteome and interactome analyses pointed toward defective SUMOylation after RINT1 loss, impairing nucleocytoplasmic transport and DSB response. Subcutaneous xenografts confirmed tumor response by RINT1 depletion, also resulting in a survival benefit when transferred to an orthotopic model. Primary human PDAC organoids licensed RINT1 relevance for cell viability. Taken together, our data indicate that RINT1 loss affects PDAC cell fate by disturbing SUMOylation pathways. Therefore, a RINT1 interference strategy may represent a new putative therapeutic approach. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings provide new insights into the aggressive behavior of PDAC, showing that RINT1 directly correlates with survival in patients with PDAC by disturbing the SUMOylation process, a crucial modification in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johann Gout
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heike Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Elodie Roger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karolin Walter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jeanette Scheible
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - André Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas J Ettrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Li Hao
- Center for Translational Imaging (MoMAN), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Fürstberger
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ewa K Kaminska
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Volker Rasche
- Center for Translational Imaging (MoMAN), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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3
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Cavaillé M, Uhrhammer N, Privat M, Ponelle-Chachuat F, Gay-Bellile M, Lepage M, Molnar I, Viala S, Bidet Y, Bignon YJ. Analysis of 11 candidate genes in 849 adult patients with suspected hereditary cancer predisposition. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 60:73-78. [PMID: 33099839 PMCID: PMC7756731 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary predisposition to cancer concerns between 5% and 10% of cancers. The main genes involved in the most frequent syndromes (hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome) were identified in the 1990s. Exploration of their functional pathways then identified novel genes for hereditary predisposition to cancer, and candidate genes whose involvement remains unclear. To determine the contribution of truncating variants in 11 candidate genes (BARD1, FAM175A, FANCM, MLH3, MRE11A, PMS1, RAD50, RAD51, RAD51B, RINT1, and XRCC2) to cancer predisposition in a population of interest, panel sequencing was performed in 849 patients with a suspected hereditary predisposition to cancer for whom a diagnostic panel of 38 genes identified no causal mutation. Sixteen truncating variants were found in FANCM (n = 7), RINT1 (n = 4), RAD50 (n = 2), BARD1, PMS1, and RAD51B. FANCM (adjusted P‐value: .03) and RINT1 (adjusted P‐value: .04) were significantly associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. However, further studies are required to determinate the risk of cancer, including the segregation of the variants in the families of our cases. No mutation was identified in RAD51, MRE11A, FAM175A, XRCC2, or MLH3. The involvement of these genes in the hereditary predisposition to cancer cannot be ruled out, although if it exists it is rare or does not seem to involve truncating variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Cavaillé
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nancy Uhrhammer
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maud Privat
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Flora Ponelle-Chachuat
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathilde Gay-Bellile
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathis Lepage
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ioana Molnar
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Délégation Recherche Clinique & Innovation, Centre Jean Perrin, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR501, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sandrine Viala
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yannick Bidet
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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4
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Gomes AL, Matos-Rodrigues GE, Frappart PO, Martins RAP. RINT1 Loss Impairs Retinogenesis Through TRP53-Mediated Apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:711. [PMID: 32850831 PMCID: PMC7406574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability in the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with defective neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Congenital human syndromes that affect the CNS development originate from mutations in genes of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways. RINT1 (Rad50-interacting protein 1) is a partner of RAD50, that participates in the cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Recently, we showed that Rint1 regulates cell survival in the developing brain and its loss led to premature lethality associated with genomic stability. To bypass the lethality of Rint1 inactivation in the embryonic brain and better understand the roles of RINT1 in CNS development, we conditionally inactivated Rint1 in retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) during embryogenesis. Rint1 loss led to accumulation of endogenous DNA damage, but RINT1 was not necessary for the cell cycle checkpoint activation in these neural progenitor cells. As a consequence, proliferating progenitors and postmitotic neurons underwent apoptosis causing defective neurogenesis of retinal ganglion cells, malformation of the optic nerve and blindness. Notably, inactivation of Trp53 prevented apoptosis of the RPCs and rescued the generation of retinal neurons and vision loss. Together, these results revealed an essential role for TRP53-mediated apoptosis in the malformations of the visual system caused by RINT1 loss and suggests that defective responses to DNA damage drive retinal malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anielle L Gomes
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel E Matos-Rodrigues
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pierre-Olivier Frappart
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rodrigo A P Martins
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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5
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Otterpohl KL, Gould KA. Evaluation of Rint1 as a modifier of intestinal tumorigenesis and cancer risk. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172247. [PMID: 28264000 PMCID: PMC5339343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rad50 Interacting Protein 1 (Rint1) influences cellular homeostasis through maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi and centrosome integrity and regulation of vesicle transport, autophagy and the G2/M checkpoint. Rint1 has been postulated to function as a tumor suppressor as well as an oncogene, with its role depending perhaps upon the precise cellular and/or experimental context. In humans, heterozygosity for germline missense variants in RINT1 have, in some studies, been associated with increased risk of both breast and Lynch syndrome type cancers. However, it is not known if these germline variants represent loss of function alleles or gain of function alleles. Based upon these findings, as well as our initial consideration of Rint1 as a potential candidate for Mom5, a genetic modifier of intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice, we sought to explicitly examine the impact of Rint1 on tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice. However, heterozygosity for a knockout of Rint1 had no impact on tumorigenesis in Rint1+/-; ApcMin/+ mice. Likewise, we found no evidence to suggest that the remaining Rint1 allele was lost somatically in intestinal tumors in ApcMin/+ mice. Interestingly, in contrast to what has been observed in Rint1+/- mice on a mixed genetic background, Rint1+/- mice on a pure C57BL/6J background did not show spontaneous tumor development. We also evaluated colorectal cancer data available in the COSMIC and ONCOMINE databases and found that RINT1 overexpression, as well as the presence of somatic missense mutations in RINT1 were associated with colorectal cancer development. In vitro evaluation of two missense variants in RINT1 suggested that such variants do have the potential to impact RINT1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla L. Otterpohl
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Karen A. Gould
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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6
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Association of Human Papillomavirus 16 E2 with Rad50-Interacting Protein 1 Enhances Viral DNA Replication. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02305-16. [PMID: 28031358 PMCID: PMC5309968 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02305-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rad50-interacting protein 1 (Rint1) associates with the DNA damage response protein Rad50 during the transition from the S phase to the G2/M phase and functions in radiation-induced G2 checkpoint control. It has also been demonstrated that Rint1 is essential in vesicle trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through an interaction with Zeste-White 10 (ZW10). We have isolated a novel interaction between Rint1 and the human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) transcription and replication factor E2. E2 binds to Rint1 within its ZW10 interaction domain, and we show that in the absence of E2, Rint1 is localized to the ER and associates with ZW10. E2 expression results in a disruption of the Rint1-ZW10 interaction and an accumulation of nuclear Rint1, coincident with a significant reduction in vesicle movement from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. Interestingly, nuclear Rint1 and members of the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 (MRN) complex were found in distinct E2 nuclear foci, which peaked during mid-S phase, indicating that the recruitment of Rint1 to E2 foci within the nucleus may also result in the recruitment of this DNA damage-sensing protein complex. We show that exogenous Rint1 expression enhances E2-dependent virus replication. Conversely, the overexpression of a truncated Rint1 protein that retains the E2 binding domain but not the Rad50 binding domain acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of E2-dependent HPV replication. Put together, these experiments demonstrate that the interaction between Rint1 and E2 has an important function in HPV replication. IMPORTANCE HPV infections are an important driver of many epithelial cancers, including those within the anogenital and oropharyngeal tracts. The HPV life cycle is tightly regulated and intimately linked to the differentiation of the epithelial cells that it infects. HPV replication factories formed in the nucleus are locations where viral DNA is copied to support virus persistence and amplification of infection. The recruitment of specific cellular protein complexes to these factories aids efficient and controlled viral replication. We have identified a novel HPV-host interaction that functions in the cellular response to DNA damage and cell cycle control. We show that the HPV E2 protein targets Rad50-interacting protein 1 (Rint1) to facilitate virus genome replication. These findings add to our understanding of how HPV replicates and the host cell pathways that are targeted by HPV to support virus replication. Understanding these pathways will allow further research into novel inhibitors of HPV genome replication.
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7
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Li N, Thompson ER, Rowley SM, McInerny S, Devereux L, Goode D, Investigators L, Wong-Brown MW, Scott RJ, Trainer AH, Gorringe KL, James PA, Campbell IG. Reevaluation of RINT1 as a breast cancer predisposition gene. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 159:385-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Yang CP, Kuo YL, Lee YC, Lee KH, Chiang CW, Wang JM, Hsu CC, Chang WC, Lin DY. RINT-1 interacts with MSP58 within nucleoli and plays a role in ribosomal gene transcription. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:873-80. [PMID: 27530925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The nucleolus is the cellular site of ribosomal (r)DNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis. The 58-kDa microspherule protein (MSP58) is a nucleolar protein involved in rDNA transcription and cell proliferation. However, regulation of MSP58-mediated rDNA transcription remains unknown. Using a yeast two-hybrid system with MSP58 as bait, we isolated complementary (c)DNA encoding Rad50-interacting protein 1 (RINT-1), as a MSP58-binding protein. RINT-1 was implicated in the cell cycle checkpoint, membrane trafficking, Golgi apparatus and centrosome dynamic integrity, and telomere length control. Both in vitro and in vivo interaction assays showed that MSP58 directly interacts with RINT-1. Interestingly, microscopic studies revealed the co-localization of MSP58, RINT-1, and the upstream binding factor (UBF), a rRNA transcription factor, in the nucleolus. We showed that ectopic expression of MSP58 or RINT-1 resulted in decreased rRNA expression and rDNA promoter activity, whereas knockdown of MSP58 or RINT-1 by siRNA exerted the opposite effect. Coexpression of MSP58 and RINT-1 robustly decreased rRNA synthesis compared to overexpression of either protein alone, whereas depletion of RINT-1 from MSP58-transfected cells enhanced rRNA synthesis. We also found that MSP58, RINT-1, and the UBF were associated with the rDNA promoter using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Because aberrant ribosome biogenesis contributes to neoplastic transformation, our results revealed a novel protein complex involved in the regulation of rRNA gene expression, suggesting a role for MSP58 and RINT-1 in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Pin Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Liang Kuo
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chao Lee
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Wu Chiang
- Infectious Diseases and Signaling Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Infectious Diseases and Signaling Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Infectious Diseases and Signaling Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ding-Yen Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Infectious Diseases and Signaling Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
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9
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Rint1 inactivation triggers genomic instability, ER stress and autophagy inhibition in the brain. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:454-68. [PMID: 26383973 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, defective autophagy and genomic instability in the central nervous system are often associated with severe developmental defects and neurodegeneration. Here, we reveal the role played by Rint1 in these different biological pathways to ensure normal development of the central nervous system and to prevent neurodegeneration. We found that inactivation of Rint1 in neuroprogenitors led to death at birth. Depletion of Rint1 caused genomic instability due to chromosome fusion in dividing cells. Furthermore, Rint1 deletion in developing brain promotes the disruption of ER and Cis/Trans Golgi homeostasis in neurons, followed by ER-stress increase. Interestingly, Rint1 deficiency was also associated with the inhibition of the autophagosome clearance. Altogether, our findings highlight the crucial roles of Rint1 in vivo in genomic stability maintenance, as well as in prevention of ER stress and autophagy.
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10
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Watson IR, Li L, Cabeceiras PK, Mahdavi M, Gutschner T, Genovese G, Wang G, Fang Z, Tepper JM, Stemke-Hale K, Tsai KY, Davies MA, Mills GB, Chin L. The RAC1 P29S hotspot mutation in melanoma confers resistance to pharmacological inhibition of RAF. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4845-4852. [PMID: 25056119 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1232-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Following mutations in BRAF and NRAS, the RAC1 c.85C>T single-nucleotide variant (SNV) encoding P29S amino acid change represents the next most frequently observed protein-coding hotspot mutation in melanoma. However, the biologic and clinical significance of the RAC1 P29S somatic mutation in approximately 4% to 9% of patients remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that melanoma cell lines possessing the RAC1 hotspot variant are resistant to RAF inhibitors (vemurafenib and dabrafenib). Enforced expression of RAC1 P29S in sensitive BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines confers resistance manifested by increased viability, decreased apoptosis, and enhanced tumor growth in vivo upon treatment with RAF inhibitors. Conversely, RNAi-mediated silencing of endogenous RAC1 P29S in a melanoma cell line with a co-occurring BRAF V600 mutation increased sensitivity to vemurafenib and dabrafenib. Our results suggest RAC1 P29S status may offer a predictive biomarker for RAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma patients, where it should be evaluated clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Watson
- Department of Genomic Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liren Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter K Cabeceiras
- Department of Genomic Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mozhdeh Mahdavi
- Department of Genomic Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Department of Genomic Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genomic Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guocan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhuangna Fang
- Department of Genomic Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - James M Tepper
- Department of Genomic Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katherine Stemke-Hale
- Department of Systems Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Dermatology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Systems Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lynda Chin
- Department of Genomic Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Ngeow J, Eng C. BluepRINT for moderate-to-low penetrance cancer susceptibility genes needed: breast cancer and beyond. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:762-3. [PMID: 25002613 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY RINT1 is a novel moderately penetrant cancer susceptibility gene seen in breast cancer as well as possibly in Lynch syndrome-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ngeow
- Authors' Affiliations:Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre; Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore; Genomic Medicine Institute
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Taussig Cancer Institute, and Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute of Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences; and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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12
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Tagaya M, Arasaki K, Inoue H, Kimura H. Moonlighting functions of the NRZ (mammalian Dsl1) complex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:25. [PMID: 25364732 PMCID: PMC4206994 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Dsl1 complex, which comprises Dsl1, Tip20, and Sec39/Dsl3, has been shown to participate, as a vesicle-tethering complex, in retrograde trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum. Its metazoan counterpart NRZ complex, which comprises NAG, RINT1, and ZW10, is also involved in Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, but each component of the complex has diverse cellular functions including endosome-to-Golgi transport, cytokinesis, cell cycle checkpoint, autophagy, and mRNA decay. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the metazoan NRZ complex and discuss the "moonlighting" functions and intercorrelation of their subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Tagaya
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji, Japan
| | - Kohei Arasaki
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inoue
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji, Japan
| | - Hana Kimura
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji, Japan
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