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Chaiyawat P, Sangkhathat S, Chiangjong W, Wongtrakoongate P, Hongeng S, Pruksakorn D, Chutipongtanate S. Targeting pediatric solid tumors in the new era of RNA therapeutics. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 200:104406. [PMID: 38834094 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in pediatric cancer treatment, poor prognosis remained for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, given the limitations of approved targeted treatments and immunotherapies. RNA therapeutics offer significant potential for addressing a broad spectrum of diseases, including cancer. Advances in manufacturing and delivery systems are paving the way for the rapid development of therapeutic RNAs for clinical applications. This review summarizes therapeutic RNA classifications and the mechanisms of action, highlighting their potential in manipulating major cancer-related pathways and biological effects. We also focus on the pre-clinical investigation of RNA molecules with efficient delivery systems for their therapeutic potential targeting pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Wararat Chiangjong
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Patompon Wongtrakoongate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ra-mathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ra-mathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; MILCH and Novel Therapeutics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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2
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Nguyen LD, Sengupta S, Cho K, Floru A, George RE, Krichevsky AM. Novel miRNA-inducing drugs enable differentiation of retinoic acid-resistant neuroblastoma cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597584. [PMID: 38895399 PMCID: PMC11185630 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tumor cell heterogeneity in neuroblastoma, a pediatric cancer arising from neural crest-derived progenitor cells, poses a significant clinical challenge. In particular, unlike adrenergic (ADRN) neuroblastoma cells, mesenchymal (MES) cells are resistant to chemotherapy and retinoid therapy and thereby significantly contribute to relapses and treatment failures. Previous research suggested that overexpression or activation of miR-124, a neurogenic microRNA with tumor suppressor activity, can induce the differentiation of retinoic acid-resistant neuroblastoma cells. Leveraging our established screen for miRNA-modulatory small molecules, we validated PP121, a dual inhibitor of tyrosine and phosphoinositide kinases, as a robust inducer of miR-124. A combination of PP121 and BDNF-activating bufalin synergistically arrests proliferation, induces differentiation, and maintains the differentiated state of MES SK-N-AS cells for 8 weeks. RNA-seq and deconvolution analyses revealed a collapse of the ADRN core regulatory circuitry (CRC) and the emergence of novel CRCs associated with chromaffin cells and Schwann cell precursors. Using a similar protocol, we differentiated and maintained MES neuroblastoma GI-ME-N and SH-EP cell lines, as well as glioblastoma LN-229 and U-251 cell lines, for over 16 weeks. In conclusion, our novel protocol suggests a promising treatment for therapy-resistant cancers of the nervous system. Moreover, these long-lived, differentiated cells provide valuable models for studying mechanisms underlying differentiation, maturation, and senescence.
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3
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Sokolov D, Sharda N, Banerjee A, Denisenko K, Basalious EB, Shukla H, Waddell J, Hamdy NM, Banerjee A. Differential Signaling Pathways in Medulloblastoma: Nano-biomedicine Targeting Non-coding Epigenetics to Improve Current and Future Therapeutics. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:31-47. [PMID: 38151840 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128277350231219062154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastomas (MDB) are malignant, aggressive brain tumors that primarily affect children. The survival rate for children under 14 is approximately 72%, while for ages 15 to 39, it is around 78%. A growing body of evidence suggests that dysregulation of signaling mechanisms and noncoding RNA epigenetics play a pivotal role in this disease. METHODOLOGY This study conducted an electronic search of articles on websites like PubMed and Google. The current review also used an in silico databases search and bioinformatics analysis and an extensive comprehensive literature search for original research articles and review articles as well as retrieval of current and future medications in clinical trials. RESULTS This study indicates that several signaling pathways, such as sonic hedgehog, WNT/β-catenin, unfolded protein response mediated ER stress, notch, neurotrophins and TGF-β and ERK, MAPK, and ERK play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MDB. Gene and ncRNA/protein are also involved as an axis long ncRNA to sponge micro-RNAs that affect downstream signal proteins expression and translation affection disease pathophysiology, prognosis and present potential target hit for drug repurposing. Current treatment options include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy; unfortunately, the disease often relapses, and the survival rate is less than 5%. Therefore, there is a need to develop more effective treatments to combat recurrence and improve survival rates. CONCLUSION This review describes various MDB disease hallmarks, including the signaling mechanisms involved in pathophysiology, related-causal genes, epigenetics, downstream genes/epigenes, and possibly the causal disease genes/non-protein coding (nc)RNA/protein axis. Additionally, the challenges associated with MDB treatment are discussed, along with how they are being addressed using nano-technology and nano-biomedicine, with a listing of possible treatment options and future potential treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Sokolov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21201, USA
| | - Neha Sharda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21201, USA
| | - Aindrila Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kseniia Denisenko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21201, USA
| | - Emad B Basalious
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Al Kasr Al Aini 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hem Shukla
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jaylyn Waddell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21201, USA
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4
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Elmaidomy AH, El Zawily A, Salem AK, Altemani FH, Algehainy NA, Altemani AH, Rateb ME, Abdelmohsen UR, Shady NH. New cytotoxic dammarane type saponins from Ziziphus spina-christi. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20612. [PMID: 37996449 PMCID: PMC10667233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the world's second-leading cause of death. Drug development efforts frequently focus on medicinal plants since they are a valuable source of anticancer medications. A phytochemical investigation of the edible Ziziphus spina-christi (F. Rhamnaceae) leaf extract afforded two new dammarane type saponins identified as christinin E and F (1, 2), along with the known compound christinin A (3). Different cancer cell lines, such as lung cancer (A549), glioblastoma (U87), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), and colorectal carcinoma (CT-26) cell lines, were used to investigate the extracted compounds' cytotoxic properties. Our findings showed significant effects on all the tested cell lines at varying concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL). The three compounds exhibited potent activity at low concentrations (< 10 μg/mL), as evidenced by their low IC50 values. To further investigate the complex relationships between these identified cancer-relevant biological targets and to identify critical targets in the pathogenesis of the disease, we turned to network pharmacology and in silico-based investigations. Following this, in silico-based analysis (e.g., inverse docking, ΔG calculation, and molecular dynamics simulation) was performed on the structures of the isolated compounds to identify additional potential targets for these compounds and their likely interactions with various signalling pathways relevant to this disease. Based on our findings, Z. spina-christi's compounds showed promise as potential anti-cancer therapeutic leads in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer H Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Amr El Zawily
- Department of Plant and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Faisal H Altemani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh A Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah H Altemani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa E Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia, 61111, Egypt.
| | - Nourhan Hisham Shady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia, 61111, Egypt
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5
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Martinez de Estibariz I, Jakjimovska A, Illarregi U, Martin-Guerrero I, Gutiérrez-Camino A, Lopez-Lopez E, Bilbao-Aldaiturriaga N. The Role of the Dysregulation of Long Non-Coding and Circular RNA Expression in Medulloblastoma: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4686. [PMID: 37835380 PMCID: PMC10571996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. Although recent multi-omic studies have led to advances in MB classification, there is still room for improvement with regard to treatment response and survival. Therefore, identification of new and less invasive biomarkers is needed to refine the diagnostic process and to develop more personalized treatment strategies. In this context, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could be useful biomarkers for MB. In this article, we reviewed the role of two types of ncRNAs, long non-coding (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), as biomarkers for the diagnosis, subgroup classification, and prognosis of MB. We also reviewed potential candidates with specific functions and mechanisms of action in the disease. We performed a search in PubMed and Scopus using the terms ("long non coding RNAs" OR "lncRNAs") and ("circular RNAs" OR "circRNAs") AND "medulloblastoma" to identify biomarker discovery or functional studies evaluating the effects of these ncRNAs in MB. A total of 26 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among the lncRNAs, the tumorigenic effects of the upregulated lnc-IRX3-80 and lnc-LRRC47-78 were the most studied in MB. Among the circRNAs, the upregulation of circSKA3 and its functional impact in MB cell lines were the most consistent results, so this circRNA could be considered a potential biomarker in MB. Additional validation is required for many deregulated lncRNAs and circRNAs; therefore, further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Martinez de Estibariz
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (I.M.d.E.); (U.I.); (I.M.-G.)
| | - Anastasija Jakjimovska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Unai Illarregi
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (I.M.d.E.); (U.I.); (I.M.-G.)
| | - Idoia Martin-Guerrero
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (I.M.d.E.); (U.I.); (I.M.-G.)
- Pediatric Oncology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Angela Gutiérrez-Camino
- Pediatric Oncology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Elixabet Lopez-Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Pediatric Oncology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Nerea Bilbao-Aldaiturriaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Pediatric Oncology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
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Zhou Z, Zhu B, Meng Q, Zhang T, Wu Y, Yu R, Gao S. Research progress in molecular pathology markers in medulloblastoma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:139-156. [PMID: 36937322 PMCID: PMC10017192 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the commonest primary malignant brain cancer. The current treatment of MB is usually surgical resection combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Although great progress has been made in the clinical management of MB, tumor metastasis and recurrence are still the main cause of death. Therefore, definitive and timely diagnosis is of great importance for improving therapeutic effects on MB. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) divided MB into four subtypes: wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), non-WNT/non-SHH group 3, and group 4. Each subtype of MB has a unique profile in copy number variation, DNA alteration, gene transcription, or post-transcriptional/translational modification, all of which are associated with different biological manifestations, clinical features, and prognosis. This article reviewed the research progress of different molecular pathology markers in MB and summarized some targeted drugs against these molecular markers, hoping to stimulate the clinical application of these molecular markers in the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingxin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingming Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- Correspondence: Rutong Yu, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shangfeng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- Shangfeng Gao, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Chadda KR, Blakey EE, Coleman N, Murray MJ. The clinical utility of dysregulated microRNA expression in paediatric solid tumours. Eur J Cancer 2022; 176:133-154. [PMID: 36215946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-protein-coding genes that regulate the expression of numerous protein-coding genes. Their expression is dysregulated in cancer, where they may function as oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes. As miRNAs are highly resistant to degradation, they are ideal biomarker candidates to improve the diagnosis and clinical management of cancer, including prognostication. Furthermore, miRNAs dysregulated in malignancy represent potential therapeutic targets. The use of miRNAs for these purposes is a particularly attractive option to explore for paediatric malignancies, where the mutational burden is typically low, in contrast to cancers affecting adult patients. As childhood cancers are rare, it has taken time to accumulate the necessary body of evidence showing the potential for miRNAs to improve clinical management across this group of tumours. Here, we review the current literature regarding the potential clinical utility of miRNAs in paediatric solid tumours, which is now both timely and justified. Exploring such avenues is warranted to improve the management and outcomes of children affected by cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan R Chadda
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Ellen E Blakey
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Nicholas Coleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK; Department of Paediatric Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Matthew J Murray
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK; Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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8
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Marabitti V, Giansanti M, De Mitri F, Gatto F, Mastronuzzi A, Nazio F. Pathological implications of metabolic reprogramming and its therapeutic potential in medulloblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1007641. [PMID: 36340043 PMCID: PMC9627342 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1007641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific alterations in metabolism have been recognized to sustain the production of ATP and macromolecules needed for cell growth, division and survival in many cancer types. However, metabolic heterogeneity poses a challenge for the establishment of effective anticancer therapies that exploit metabolic vulnerabilities. Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most heterogeneous malignant pediatric brain tumors, divided into four molecular subgroups (Wingless, Sonic Hedgehog, Group 3 and Group 4). Recent progresses in genomics, single-cell sequencing, and novel tumor models have updated the classification and stratification of MB, highlighting the complex intratumoral cellular diversity of this cancer. In this review, we emphasize the mechanisms through which MB cells rewire their metabolism and energy production networks to support and empower rapid growth, survival under stressful conditions, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Additionally, we discuss the potential clinical benefits of currently available drugs that could target energy metabolism to suppress MB progression and increase the efficacy of the current MB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marabitti
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Giansanti
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Mitri
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gatto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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9
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Zhang Y, Pang Y, Feng W, Jin Y, Chen S, Ding S, Wang Z, Zou Y, Li Y, Wang T, Sun P, Gao J, Zhu Y, Ke X, Marshall C, Huang H, Sheng C, Xiao M. miR-124 regulates early isolation-induced social abnormalities via inhibiting myelinogenesis in the medial prefrontal cortex. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:507. [PMID: 36059036 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) typically experience substantial social isolation, which may cause secondary adverse effects on their brain development. miR-124 is the most abundant miRNA in the human brain, acting as a pivotal molecule regulating neuronal fate determination. Alterations of miR-124 maturation or expression are observed in various neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we analyzed a panel of brain-enriched microRNAs in serums from 2 to 6 year old boys diagnosed with ASD. The hsa-miR-124 level was found significantly elevated in ASD boys than in age and sex-matched healthy controls. In an isolation-reared weanling mouse model, we evidenced elevated mmu-miR-124 level in the serum and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). These mice displayed significant sociability deficits, as well as myelin abnormality in the mPFC, which was partially rescued by expressing the miR-124 sponge in the bilateral mPFC, ubiquitously or specifically in oligodendroglia. In cultured mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cells, introducing a synthetic mmu-miR-124 inhibited the differentiation process through suppressing expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (Nr4a1). Overexpressing Nr4a1 in the bilateral mPFC also corrected the social behavioral deficits and myelin impairments in the isolation-reared mice. This study revealed an unanticipated role of the miR-124/Nr4a1 signaling in regulating early social experience-dependent mPFC myelination, which may serve as a potential therapy target for social neglect or social isolation-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yingting Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Weixi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuxi Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shixin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yun Li
- Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Junying Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Charles Marshall
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky Center of Excellence in Rural Health, Hazard, KY, USA
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Chengyu Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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10
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Jiang P, Wang J, Zhu S, Hu C, Lin Y, Pan W. Identification of a Schistosoma japonicum MicroRNA That Suppresses Hepatoma Cell Growth and Migration by Targeting Host FZD4 Gene. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:786543. [PMID: 35174106 PMCID: PMC8842725 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.786543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated miRNAs derived from plants and parasites can modulate mammalian gene expression and cell phenotype in a cross-kingdom manner, leading to occurrence of diseases or strengthening resistance of host to diseases such as cancer. In this study, we identified a schistosome miRNA (named Sja-miR-71a) through screening of 57 Schistosoma japonicum miRNAs that exerts antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo models. We demonstrated presence of this parasite miRNA in liver cells during infection. We showed that Sja-miR-71a arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase of hepatoma cell lines and inhibited cell proliferation in vitro. The HepG2 transfected with Sja-miR-71a mimics displayed significant reduction of migration and colony formation. Further, growth of the tumor cells transfected with the Sja-miR-71a mimics was obviously suppressed in a xenograft mouse model. Mechanically, we found the antitumor activity of Sja-miR-71a was through targeting a host gene encoding Frizzled Class Receptor 4 (FZD4), as FZD4 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) generated a similar inhibitory effect on the tumor. These data indicated that Sja-miR-71a is a tumor suppressor miRNA and suggested this parasite-derived miRNA as a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Jiang
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanli Zhu
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Pan
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weiqing Pan,
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11
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Spectrum of microRNAs and their target genes in cancer: intervention in diagnosis and therapy. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6827-6846. [PMID: 35031927 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Till date, several groups have studied the mechanism of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, processing, stability, silencing, and their dysregulation in cancer. The miRNA coding genes recurrently go through abnormal amplification, deletion, transcription, and epigenetic regulation in cancer. Some miRNAs function as tumor promoters while few others are tumor suppressors based on the transcriptional regulation of target genes. A review of miRNAs and their target genes in a wide range of cancers is attempted in this article, which may help in the development of new diagnostic tools and intervention therapies. The contribution of miRNAs for drug sensitivity or resistance in cancer therapy and opportunities of miRNAs in cancer prognosis or diagnosis and therapy is also presented in detail.
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12
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Role of MicroRNAs in the Development and Progression of the Four Medulloblastoma Subgroups. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246323. [PMID: 34944941 PMCID: PMC8699467 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most frequent malignant brain tumour in children. Medulloblastoma originate during the embryonic stage. They are located in the cerebellum, which is the area of the central nervous system (CNS) responsible for controlling equilibrium and coordination of movements. In 2012, medulloblastoma were divided into four subgroups based on a genome-wide analysis of RNA expression. These subgroups are named Wingless, Sonic Hedgehog, Group 3 and Group 4. Each subgroup has a different cell of origin, prognosis, and response to therapies. Wingless and Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma are so named based on the main mutation originating these tumours. Group 3 and Group 4 have generic names because we do not know the key mutation driving these tumours. Gene expression at the post-transcriptional level is regulated by a group of small single-stranded non-coding RNAs. These microRNA (miRNAs or miRs) play a central role in several cellular functions such as cell differentiation and, therefore, any malfunction in this regulatory system leads to a variety of disorders such as cancer. The role of miRNAs in medulloblastoma is still a topic of intense clinical research; previous studies have mostly concentrated on the clinical entity of the single disease rather than in the four molecular subgroups. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries on miRNAs in the four medulloblastoma subgroups.
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13
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Chen S, Deng X, Sheng H, Rong Y, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Lin J. Noncoding RNAs in pediatric brain tumors: Molecular functions and pathological implications. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:417-431. [PMID: 34552822 PMCID: PMC8426460 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are common solid pediatric malignancies and the main reason for cancer-related death in the pediatric setting. Recently, evidence has revealed that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a critical role in brain tumor development and progression. Therefore, in this review article, we describe the functions and molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs in multiple types of cancer, including medulloblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, glioblastoma, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, and craniopharyngioma. We also mention the limitations of using ncRNAs as therapeutic targets because of the nonspecificity of ncRNA targets and the delivery methods of ncRNAs. Due to the critical role of ncRNAs in brain oncogenesis, targeting aberrantly expressed ncRNAs might be an effective strategy to improve the outcomes of pediatric patients with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohuai Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hansong Sheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Rong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanhao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yusong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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14
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Kukreja L, Li CJ, Ezhilan S, Iyer VR, Kuo JS. Emerging Epigenetic Therapies for Brain Tumors. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 24:41-49. [PMID: 34677796 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are among the most intractable cancers, including malignancies such as glioblastoma, diffuse midline glioma, medulloblastoma, and ependymoma. Unfortunately, treatment options for these brain tumors have been inadequate and complex, leading to poor prognoses and creating a need for new treatment modalities. Aberrant epigenetics define these types of tumors, with underlying changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin structure and noncoding RNAs. Epigenetic-targeted therapies are an alternative that have the potential to reverse the epigenetic deregulation underpinning brain malignancies. Various drugs targeting epigenetic regulators have shown promise in preclinical and clinical testing. In this review, we highlight some of the recent emerging epigenetic targeted therapies for brain tumors being evaluated in the discovery phase and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Kukreja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Catherine J Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sathyapriya Ezhilan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Vishwanath R Iyer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - John S Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mulva Clinic for the Neurosciences and LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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15
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Zhao YN, Li K, Han XS, Pan YW. The mechanism of non-coding RNAs in medulloblastoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:758. [PMID: 34539862 PMCID: PMC8436364 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system in children. Although surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have resulted in considerable progress in the treatment of this disease, the prognosis of patients with MB remains very poor. Therefore, highly specific molecular targeted treatment, which can improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects of MB, has become a research hotspot. In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which were initially considered to be transcriptional noise, have been shown to possess regulatory functions. A series of ncRNAs have been identified, including microRNAs and circular RNAs, which affect the expression of specific genes in a variety of tumors. These genes lead to the formation of a specific complex of proteins or they directly participate in protein synthesis in order to regulate the occurrence and development of tumors. The aim of the present review article was to summarize the recent research studies that have explored the ability of ncRNAs to regulate the occurrence and development of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Nan Zhao
- The Second Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Kun Li
- The Second Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Sheng Han
- The Second Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Pan
- The Second Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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16
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Restoration of miR-124 serves as a promising therapeutic approach in CRC by affecting CDK6 which is itself a prognostic and diagnostic factor. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Tumor Suppressive Effects of miR-124 and Its Function in Neuronal Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115919. [PMID: 34072894 PMCID: PMC8198231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is strongly expressed in neurons, and its expression increases as neurons mature. Through DNA methylation in the miR-124 promoter region and adsorption of miR-124 by non-coding RNAs, miR-124 expression is known to be reduced in many cancer cells, especially with high malignancy. Recently, numerous studies have focused on miR-124 due to its promising tumor-suppressive effects; however, the overview of their results is unclear. We surveyed the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-124 in glial cell lineage cancers, which are the most frequently reported cancer types involving miR-124, and in lung, colon, liver, stomach, and breast cancers, which are the top five causes of cancer death. Reportedly, miR-124 not only inhibits proliferation and accelerates apoptosis, but also comprehensively suppresses tumor malignant transformation. Moreover, we found that miR-124 exerts its anti-tumor effects by regulating a wide range of target genes, most notably STAT3 and EZH2. In addition, when compared to the original role of miR-124 in neuronal development, we found that the miR-124 target genes that contribute to neuronal maturation share similarities with genes that cause cancer cell metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We believe that the two apparently unrelated fields, cancer and neuronal development, can bring new discoveries to each other through the study of miR-124.
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18
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Epigenetic-Based Therapy-A Prospective Chance for Medulloblastoma Patients' Recovery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094925. [PMID: 34066495 PMCID: PMC8124462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most frequent and malignant brain tumors in children. The prognosis depends on the advancement of the disease and the patient's age. Current therapies, which include surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation, despite being quite effective, cause significant side effects that influence the central nervous system's function and cause neurocognitive deficits. Therefore, they substantially lower the quality of life, which is especially severe in a developing organism. Thus, there is a need for new therapies that are less toxic and even more effective. Recently, knowledge about the epigenetic mechanisms that are responsible for medulloblastoma development has increased. Epigenetics is a phenomenon that influences gene expression but can be easily modified by external factors. The best known epigenetic mechanisms are histone modifications, DNA methylation, or noncoding RNAs actions. Epigenetic mechanisms comprehensively explain the complex phenomena of carcinogenesis. At the same time, they seem to be a potential key to treating medulloblastoma with fewer complications than past therapies. This review presents the currently known epigenetic mechanisms that are involved in medulloblastoma pathogenesis and the potential therapies that use epigenetic traits to cure medulloblastoma while maintaining a good quality of life and ensuring a higher median overall survival rate.
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19
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Nolan JC, Salvucci M, Carberry S, Barat A, Segura MF, Fenn J, Prehn JHM, Stallings RL, Piskareva O. A Context-Dependent Role for MiR-124-3p on Cell Phenotype, Viability and Chemosensitivity in Neuroblastoma in vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:559553. [PMID: 33330445 PMCID: PMC7714770 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.559553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neural crest-derived tumor, which develops before birth or in early childhood, with metastatic dissemination typically preceding diagnosis. Tumors are characterized by a highly heterogeneous combination of cellular phenotypes demonstrating varying degrees of differentiation along different lineage pathways, and possessing distinct super-enhancers and core regulatory circuits, thereby leading to highly varied malignant potential and divergent clinical outcomes. Cytoskeletal reorganization is fundamental to cellular transformations, including the processes of cellular differentiation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), previously reported by our lab and others to coincide with chemotherapy resistance and enhanced metastatic ability of tumor cells. This study set out to investigate the ability of the neuronal miR-124-3p to reverse the cellular transformation associated with drug resistance development and assess the anti-oncogenic role of this miRNA in in vitro models of drug-resistant adrenergic (ADRN) and mesenchymal (MES) neuroblastoma cell lines. Low expression of miR-124-3p in a cohort of neuroblastomas was significantly associated with poor overall and progression-free patient survival. Over-expression of miR-124-3p in vitro inhibited cell viability through the promotion of cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in addition to sensitizing drug-resistant cells to chemotherapeutics in a panel of morphologically distinct neuroblastoma cell lines. Finally, we describe miR-124-3p direct targeting and repression of key up-regulated cytoskeletal genes including MYH9, ACTN4 and PLEC and the reversal of the resistance-associated EMT and enhanced invasive capacity previously reported in our in vitro model (SK-N-ASCis24).
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Nolan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven Carberry
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ana Barat
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miguel F Segura
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Justine Fenn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raymond L Stallings
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olga Piskareva
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Laneve P, Caffarelli E. The Non-coding Side of Medulloblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:275. [PMID: 32528946 PMCID: PMC7266940 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric brain tumor and a primary cause of cancer-related death in children. Until a few years ago, only clinical and histological features were exploited for MB pathological classification and outcome prognosis. In the past decade, the advancement of high-throughput molecular analyses that integrate genetic, epigenetic, and expression data, together with the availability of increasing wealth of patient samples, revealed the existence of four molecularly distinct MB subgroups. Their further classification into 12 subtypes not only reduced the well-characterized intertumoral heterogeneity, but also provided new opportunities for the design of targets for precision oncology. Moreover, the identification of tumorigenic and self-renewing subpopulations of cancer stem cells in MB has increased our knowledge of its biology. Despite these advancements, the origin of MB is still debated, and its molecular bases are poorly characterized. A major goal in the field is to identify the key genes that drive tumor growth and the mechanisms through which they are able to promote tumorigenesis. So far, only protein-coding genes acting as oncogenic drivers have been characterized in each MB subgroup. The contribution of the non-coding side of the genome, which produces a plethora of transcripts that control fundamental biological processes, as the cell choice between proliferation and differentiation, is still unappreciated. This review wants to fill this major gap by summarizing the recent findings on the impact of non-coding RNAs in MB initiation and progression. Furthermore, their potential role as specific MB biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Laneve
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Caffarelli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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21
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Hovestadt V, Ayrault O, Swartling FJ, Robinson GW, Pfister SM, Northcott PA. Medulloblastomics revisited: biological and clinical insights from thousands of patients. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:42-56. [PMID: 31819232 PMCID: PMC9113832 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma, a malignant brain tumour primarily diagnosed during childhood, has recently been the focus of intensive molecular profiling efforts, profoundly advancing our understanding of biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease subgroups. Genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic landscapes have now been mapped for an unprecedented number of bulk samples from patients with medulloblastoma and, more recently, for single medulloblastoma cells. These efforts have provided pivotal new insights into the diverse molecular mechanisms presumed to drive tumour initiation, maintenance and recurrence across individual subgroups and subtypes. Translational opportunities stemming from this knowledge are continuing to evolve, providing a framework for improved diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this Review, we summarize recent advances derived from this continued molecular characterization of medulloblastoma and contextualize this progress towards the deployment of more effective, molecularly informed treatments for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Hovestadt
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giles W Robinson
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Paediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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22
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Marengo B, Pulliero A, Izzotti A, Domenicotti C. miRNA Regulation of Glutathione Homeostasis in Cancer Initiation, Progression and Therapy Resistance. Microrna 2020; 9:187-197. [PMID: 31849293 PMCID: PMC7366003 DOI: 10.2174/2211536609666191218103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant that contributes to regulating the cellular production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which, maintained at physiological levels, can exert a function of second messengers in living organisms. In fact, it has been demonstrated that moderate amounts of ROS can activate the signaling pathways involved in cell growth and proliferation, while high levels of ROS induce DNA damage leading to cancer development. Therefore, GSH is a crucial player in the maintenance of redox homeostasis and its metabolism has a role in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. Our recent studies demonstrated that neuroblastoma cells resistant to etoposide, a common chemotherapeutic drug, show a partial monoallelic deletion of the locus coding for miRNA 15a and 16-1 leading to a loss of these miRNAs and the activation of GSH-dependent responses. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the role of specific miRNAs in the modulation of intracellular GSH levels in order to take into consideration the use of modulators of miRNA expression as a useful strategy to better sensitize tumors to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Marengo
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Tel: +39 010 3538831; Fax: +39 010 3538836; E-mail:
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23
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microRNA: The Impact on Cancer Stemness and Therapeutic Resistance. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010008. [PMID: 31861404 PMCID: PMC7016867 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer ranks as the second leading cause of death worldwide, causing a large social and economic burden. However, most anti-cancer treatments face the problems of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, finding an effective cure for cancer needs to be solved urgently. Recently, the discovery of cancer stem cells (CSCs) provides a new orientation for cancer research and therapy. CSCs share main characteristics with stem cells and are able to generate an entire tumor. Besides, CSCs usually escape from current anti-cancer therapies, which is partly responsible for tumor recurrence and poor prognosis. microRNAs (miRNAs) belong to small noncoding RNA and regulate gene post-transcriptional expression. The dysregulation of miRNAs leads to plenty of diseases, including cancer. The aberrant miRNA expression in CSCs enhances stemness maintenance. In this review, we summarize the role of miRNAs on CSCs in the eight most common cancers, hoping to bridge the research of miRNAs and CSCs with clinical applications. We found that miRNAs can act as tumor promoter or suppressor. The dysregulation of miRNAs enhances cell stemness and contributes to tumor metastasis and therapeutic resistance via the formation of feedback loops and constitutive activation of carcinogenic signaling pathways. More importantly, some miRNAs may be potential targets for diagnosis, prognosis, and cancer treatments.
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24
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Joshi P, Katsushima K, Zhou R, Meoded A, Stapleton S, Jallo G, Raabe E, Eberhart CG, Perera RJ. The therapeutic and diagnostic potential of regulatory noncoding RNAs in medulloblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2019; 1:vdz023. [PMID: 31763623 PMCID: PMC6859950 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma, a central nervous system tumor that predominantly affects children, always requires aggressive therapy. Nevertheless, it frequently recurs as resistant disease and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. While recent efforts to subclassify medulloblastoma based on molecular features have advanced our basic understanding of medulloblastoma pathogenesis, optimal targets to increase therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects remain largely undefined. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with known regulatory roles, particularly long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), are now known to participate in medulloblastoma biology, although their functional significance remains obscure in many cases. Here we review the literature on regulatory ncRNAs in medulloblastoma. In providing a comprehensive overview of ncRNA studies, we highlight how different lncRNAs and miRNAs have oncogenic or tumor suppressive roles in medulloblastoma. These ncRNAs possess subgroup specificity that can be exploited to personalize therapy by acting as theranostic targets. Several of the already identified ncRNAs appear specific to medulloblastoma stem cells, the most difficult-to-treat component of the tumor that drives metastasis and acquired resistance, thereby providing opportunities for therapy in relapsing, disseminating, and therapy-resistant disease. Delivering ncRNAs to tumors remains challenging, but this limitation is gradually being overcome through the use of advanced technologies such as nanotechnology and rational biomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Joshi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Keisuke Katsushima
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Rui Zhou
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Avner Meoded
- Pediatric Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Stacie Stapleton
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - George Jallo
- Institute Brain Protection Sciences, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Eric Raabe
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ranjan J Perera
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
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25
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Diana A, Gaido G, Murtas D. MicroRNA Signature in Human Normal and Tumoral Neural Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174123. [PMID: 31450858 PMCID: PMC6747235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs, also called miRNAs or simply miR-, represent a unique class of non-coding RNAs that have gained exponential interest during recent years because of their determinant involvement in regulating the expression of several genes. Despite the increasing number of mature miRNAs recognized in the human species, only a limited proportion is engaged in the ontogeny of the central nervous system (CNS). miRNAs also play a pivotal role during the transition of normal neural stem cells (NSCs) into tumor-forming NSCs. More specifically, extensive studies have identified some shared miRNAs between NSCs and neural cancer stem cells (CSCs), namely miR-7, -124, -125, -181 and miR-9, -10, -130. In the context of NSCs, miRNAs are intercalated from embryonic stages throughout the differentiation pathway in order to achieve mature neuronal lineages. Within CSCs, under a different cellular context, miRNAs perform tumor suppressive or oncogenic functions that govern the homeostasis of brain tumors. This review will draw attention to the most characterizing studies dealing with miRNAs engaged in neurogenesis and in the tumoral neural stem cell context, offering the reader insight into the power of next generation miRNA-targeted therapies against brain malignances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Diana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Gaido
- Department of Surgery, Cottolengo Mission Hospital Charia, 60200 Meru, Kenya
| | - Daniela Murtas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.
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26
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Jia X, Wang X, Guo X, Ji J, Lou G, Zhao J, Zhou W, Guo M, Zhang M, Li C, Tai S, Yu S. MicroRNA-124: An emerging therapeutic target in cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5638-5650. [PMID: 31389160 PMCID: PMC6745873 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding single‐stranded RNAs, approximately 20‐24 nucleotides in length, known as powerful posttranscriptional regulators. miRNAs play important regulatory roles in cellular processes by changing messenger RNA expression and are widely involved in human diseases, including tumors. It has been reported in the literature that miRNAs have a precise role in cell proliferation, programmed cell death, differentiation, and expression of coding genes. MicroRNA‐124 (miR‐124) has reduced exparession in various human neoplasms and is believed to be related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of malignant tumors. In our review, we focus on the specific molecular functions of miR‐124 and the downstream gene targets in major cancers, which provide preclinical evidence for the treatment of human cancer. Although some obstacles exist, miR‐124 is still attracting intensive research focus as a promising and effective anticancer weapon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Jia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaorong Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Ji
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjia Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mian Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Maomao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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27
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Zhou H, Gao L, Yu Z, Hong S, Zhang Z, Qiu Z. LncRNA HOTAIR promotes renal interstitial fibrosis by regulating Notch1 pathway via the modulation of miR‐124. Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 24:472-480. [PMID: 29717517 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of UrologyThe Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The People's Hospital of Fujian Province) Fuzhou China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of UrologyThe Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The People's Hospital of Fujian Province) Fuzhou China
| | - Zuo‐hua Yu
- Department of UrologyThe Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The People's Hospital of Fujian Province) Fuzhou China
| | - Shi‐jun Hong
- Department of UrologyThe Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The People's Hospital of Fujian Province) Fuzhou China
| | - Zhi‐wei Zhang
- Department of ResearchBeijing Zhong Jian Dong Ke Company Beijing China
| | - Zhen‐zhen Qiu
- Department of Physical EducationMinjiang University Fuzhou China
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28
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Wang X, Holgado BL, Ramaswamy V, Mack S, Zayne K, Remke M, Wu X, Garzia L, Daniels C, Kenney AM, Taylor MD. miR miR on the wall, who's the most malignant medulloblastoma miR of them all? Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:313-323. [PMID: 28575493 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) have wide-ranging effects on large-scale gene regulation. As such, they play a vital role in dictating normal development, and their aberrant expression has been implicated in cancer. There has been a large body of research on the role of miRNAs in medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. The identification of the 4 molecular subgroups with distinct biological, genetic, and transcriptional features has revolutionized the field of medulloblastoma research over the past 5 years. Despite this, the growing body of research on miRNAs in medulloblastoma has largely focused on the clinical entity of a single disease rather than the molecular subgroups. This review begins by highlighting the role of miRNAs in development and progresses to explore their myriad of implications in cancer. Medulloblastoma is characterized by increased proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and maintenance of stemness programs-features that are inadvertently regulated by altered expression patterns in miRNAs. This review aims to contextualize the large body of work on miRNAs within the framework of medulloblastoma subgroups. The goal of this review is to stimulate new areas of research, including potential therapeutics, within a rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Borja L Holgado
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Haematology & Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Mack
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kory Zayne
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- German Cancer Consortium, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Xiaochong Wu
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Livia Garzia
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig Daniels
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna M Kenney
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. They are involved in the fine-tuning of fundamental biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis in many cell types. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs regulate critical pathways involved in stem cell function. Several miRNAs have been suggested to target transcripts that directly or indirectly coordinate the cell cycle progression of stem cells. Moreover, previous studies have shown that altered expression levels of miRNAs can contribute to pathological conditions, such as cancer, due to the loss of cell cycle regulation. However, the precise mechanism underlying miRNA-mediated regulation of cell cycle in stem cells is still incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of miRNAs regulatory role in cell cycle progression of stem cells. We describe how specific miRNAs may control cell cycle associated molecules and checkpoints in embryonic, somatic and cancer stem cells. We further outline how these miRNAs could be regulated to influence cell cycle progression in stem cells as a potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M J Mens
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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30
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Liu W, Zhang L, Wang J, Wang X, Sun H. Analysis of the inhibitory effects of miR-124 and miR-152 on human epithelial ovarian cancer xenografts in a nude mouse model. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:348-354. [PMID: 30655773 PMCID: PMC6313158 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the inhibitory effects of miR-124 and miR-152 on the growth of human ovarian cancer (OC) SKOV3 cell line subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. Twenty-eight healthy nude mice were selected and divided into the experimental group 1 (n=4), experimental group 2 (n=4), negative control group 1 (n=4), negative control group 2 (n=4), blank control group 1 (n=4), blank control group 2 (n=4) and observation group (n=4) according to the principle of similarity in body weight. The transfected SKOV3 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the nape of the nude mice. After tumorigenesis, miR-124 mimics, miR-152 mimics, and their negative controls were transiently transfected into human OC SKOV3 cells via lipofection method. The expression levels of miR-124 and miR-152 were detected via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and those of Ki-67 and caspase-3 were detected by western blotting. After transfection, the expression levels of miR-124 and miR-152 in the SKOV3 cells were significantly upregulated. The nude mice were sacrificed 36 days later, and tumor nodes of nude mice transfected with miR-124 and miR-152 grew slowly. Compared with that in the experimental groups, tumor size in the blank control and negative control groups was gradually increased with the increment of days (P<0.05). The volume of subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice of miR-124 and miR-152 experimental groups was obviously smaller than that in the blank control and negative control groups (P<0.05). Besides, the inhibition of tumor size in the observation group was more significant than that in the experimental groups (P<0.05). Thus, miR-124 and miR-152 inhibit the growth of human epithelial OC xenografts in nude mice, and they are expected to become new targets for gene-based therapy of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Dezhou, Dezhou, Shandong 253000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
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31
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Liu S, Yan G, Zhang J, Yu L. Knockdown of Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion and Promotes Apoptosis by Targeting miR-124 in Retinoblastoma. Oncol Res 2018; 26:581-591. [PMID: 28550678 PMCID: PMC7844671 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14953948675403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is upregulated in cancer tissues, and its elevated expression is associated with hyperproliferation. However, the underlying mechanisms regarding the role of MALAT1 in retinoblastoma (RB) remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the functional role of MALAT1 in RB by targeting miR-124. The results showed that the expression of MALAT1 was significantly higher in the Y79 cell line than in the ARPE-19 cell line (p < 0.01). Moreover, MALAT1 silence inhibited cell viability, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis in Y79 cells (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, or p < 0.001). miR-124 was upregulated by MALAT1 silence and hence was identified as a target of MALAT1 (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001). In addition, miR-124 suppression inhibited cell apoptosis and remarkably abolished the inhibitory effects of MALAT1 silence on cell viability, migration, and invasion (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, or p < 0.001). In addition, Slug was a target of miR-124 and regulated cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in Y79 cells (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, or p < 0.001). Further, Slug silence abolished miR-124 suppression-induced inactivation of the ERK/MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Taken together, our data highlight the pivotal role of MALAT1 in RB. Moreover, the present study elucidated the MALAT1-miR-124-ERK/MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in RB, which might provide a new approach for the treatment of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Liu
- *Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guigang Yan
- *Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Junfu Zhang
- †Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lianzhi Yu
- ‡Department of Physical Examination, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
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32
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Feng T, Shao F, Wu Q, Zhang X, Xu D, Qian K, Xie Y, Wang S, Xu N, Wang Y, Qi C. miR-124 downregulation leads to breast cancer progression via LncRNA-MALAT1 regulation and CDK4/E2F1 signal activation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16205-16. [PMID: 26918449 PMCID: PMC4941308 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been recently shown to be dysregulated in several cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of MALAT1 in breast cancer remain unclear. Herein, we showed that MALAT1 was aberrantly increased in breast cancer tissues and cells. MALAT1-siRNA inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, MALAT1 acted as an endogenous potent regulator by directly binding to miR-124 and down-regulating miR-124 expression. In addition, MALAT1 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-124 on breast cancer proliferation and was involved in the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) expression. Taken together, our data highlight the pivotal role of MALAT1 in breast cancer tumorigenesis. Moreover, the present study elucidated the MALAT1-miR-124-CDK4/E2F1 signaling pathway in breast cancer, which might provide a new approach for tackling breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongbao Feng
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.,Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Fang Shao
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Qiyong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Xiaohang Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Dongqin Xu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Keqing Qian
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Yewen Xie
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Section of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Chunjian Qi
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
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Zhang Y, Zheng L, Lin S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Gao F. MiR-124 enhances cell radiosensitivity by targeting PDCD6 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:11461-11470. [PMID: 31966501 PMCID: PMC6966029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation resistance poses a major clinical challenge in treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Studies have shown that the abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with radiosensitivity, however, the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate whether ectopic expression of miR-124 is correlated with radiosensitivity in NPC. METHODS In this study, the expression level of miR-124 was evaluated in NPC cell lines and patient specimens using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (Real-time qPCR). Cell radiosensitivity was determined by colony formation assay. Target prediction algorithms and luciferase assay were used to confirm the target of miR-124. Tumor xenograft model was performed to understand the functions of miR-124 in vivo. RESULTS We found that miR-124 was down-regulated in both NPC specimens and NPC cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-124 increased radiosensitivity of NPC cells. In vivo assays extended the significance of these results, showing that miR-124 overexpression decreased cell resistance to radiation treatment in tumor xenografts. Furthermore, we identified PDCD6 as a novel direct target of miR-124. Functional studies showed that knockdown PDCD6 enhanced cell radosensitivity to irradiation, and PDCD6 could rescue the effect caused by overexpression of miR-124, indicating that PDCD6 is a functional target of miR-124. CONCLUSIONS MiR-124 enhances cell radiosensitivity by targeting PDCD6, miR-124/PDCD6 axis may facilitate the development of novel targeted therapies for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuimiao Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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34
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MiRNA-124 is a link between measles virus persistent infection and cell division of human neuroblastoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187077. [PMID: 29073265 PMCID: PMC5658143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MV) infects a variety of lymphoid and non-lymphoid peripheral organs. However, in rare cases, the virus can persistently infect cells within the central nervous system. Although some of the factors that allow MV to persist are known, the contribution of host cell-encoded microRNAs (miRNA) have not been described. MiRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs transcribed from genomes of all multicellular organisms and some viruses, which regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. We have studied the contribution of host cell-encoded miRNAs to the establishment of MV persistent infection in human neuroblastoma cells. Persistent MV infection was accompanied by differences in the expression profile and levels of several host cell-encoded microRNAs as compared to uninfected cells. MV persistence infection of a human neuroblastoma cell line (UKF-NB-MV), exhibit high miRNA-124 expression, and reduced expression of cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), a known target of miRNA-124, resulting in slower cell division but not cell death. By contrast, acute MV infection of UKF-NB cells did not result in increased miRNA-124 levels or CDK6 reduction. Ectopic overexpression of miRNA-124 affected cell viability only in UKF-NB-MV cells, causing cell death; implying that miRNA-124 over expression can sensitize cells to death only in the presence of MV persistent infection. To determine if miRNA-124 directly contributes to the establishment of MV persistence, UKF-NB cells overexpressing miRNA-124 were acutely infected, resulting in establishment of persistently infected colonies. We propose that miRNA-124 triggers a CDK6-dependent decrease in cell proliferation, which facilitates the establishment of MV persistence in neuroblastoma cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the role of a specific miRNA in MV persistence.
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35
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Zhang ZY, Zhu B, Zhao XW, Zhan YB, Bao JJ, Zhou JQ, Zhang FJ, Yu B, Liu J, Wang YM, Bai YH, Hong J, Liu XZ. Regulation of UHRF1 by microRNA-378 modulates medulloblastoma cell proliferation and apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:3078-3084. [PMID: 28901497 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study revealed that ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1) promoted cell proliferation and was a potential biomarker in medulloblastoma (MB). In the present study, we reported that miR-378 inhibited the expression of UHRF1 to affect the proliferation of MB through competitive binding to the same region of its 3'-UTR. We found that the expression of miR-378 was significantly downregulated in MB tissues and inversely correlated with the expression of UHRF1. Western blot analysis revealed that overexpression of miR-378 led to the suppression of UHRF1. Moreover, a dual-luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-378 negatively regulated the activity of target gene UHRF1 by binding to its 3'-UTR. An in vitro assay revealed that overexpression of miR-378 suppressed MB cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Ectopic expression of UHRF1 rescued miR-378-suppressed cell proliferation and miR-378-promoted cell apoptosis. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that miR-378 could inhibit the proliferation of MB by downregulation of UHRF1 and act as a potential therapeutic target against MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Queen Mary Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Bo Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ji Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Qiao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Jiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Min Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Hui Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jin Hong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
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Doeppner TR, Kaltwasser B, Sanchez-Mendoza EH, Caglayan AB, Bähr M, Hermann DM. Lithium-induced neuroprotection in stroke involves increased miR-124 expression, reduced RE1-silencing transcription factor abundance and decreased protein deubiquitination by GSK3β inhibition-independent pathways. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:914-926. [PMID: 27126323 PMCID: PMC5363471 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16647738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithium promotes acute poststroke neuronal survival, which includes mechanisms that are not limited to GSK3β inhibition. However, whether lithium induces long-term neuroprotection and enhanced brain remodeling is unclear. Therefore, mice were exposed to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and lithium (1 mg/kg bolus followed by 2 mg/kg/day over up to 7 days) was intraperitoneally administered starting 0-9 h after reperfusion onset. Delivery of lithium no later than 6 h reduced infarct volume on day 2 and decreased brain edema, leukocyte infiltration, and microglial activation, as shown by histochemistry and flow cytometry. Lithium-induced neuroprotection persisted throughout the observation period of 56 days and was associated with enhanced neurological recovery. Poststroke angioneurogenesis and axonal plasticity were also enhanced by lithium. On the molecular level, lithium increased miR-124 expression, reduced RE1-silencing transcription factor abundance, and decreased protein deubiquitination in cultivated cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and in brains of mice exposed to cerebral ischemia. Notably, this effect was not mimicked by pharmacological GSK3β inhibition. This study for the first time provides efficacy data for lithium in the postacute ischemic phase, reporting a novel mechanism of action, i.e. increased miR-124 expression facilitating REST degradation by which lithium promotes postischemic neuroplasticity and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten R Doeppner
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,2 Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,3 Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Kaltwasser
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Ahmet B Caglayan
- 2 Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mathias Bähr
- 3 Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Hemmesi K, Squadrito ML, Mestdagh P, Conti V, Cominelli M, Piras IS, Sergi LS, Piccinin S, Maestro R, Poliani PL, Speleman F, De Palma M, Galli R. miR-135a Inhibits Cancer Stem Cell-Driven Medulloblastoma Development by Directly Repressing Arhgef6 Expression. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1377-89. [PMID: 25639612 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs, which regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and play crucial roles in relevant biological and pathological processes. Here, we investigated the putative role of miRNAs in modulating the tumor-initiating potential of mouse medulloblastoma (MB)-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs). We first subjected bona fide highly tumorigenic (HT) CSCs as well as lowly tumorigenic MB CSCs and normal neural stem cells to miRNA profiling, which identified a HT CSC-specific miRNA signature. Next, by cross-checking CSC mRNA/miRNA profiles, we pinpointed miR-135a as a potential tumor suppressor gene, which was strongly downregulated in HT CSCs as well as in the highly malignant experimental tumors derived from them. Remarkably, enforced expression of miR-135a in HT CSCs strongly inhibited tumorigenesis by repressing the miR-135a direct target gene Arhgef6. Considering the upregulation of Arhgef6 in human MBs and its involvement in mediating experimental medulloblastomagenesis, its efficient suppression by miR-135a might make available an effective therapeutic strategy to selectively impair the tumorigenic potential of MB CSCs. Stem Cells 2015;33:1377-1389.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Hemmesi
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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38
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Tenga A, Beard JA, Takwi A, Wang YM, Chen T. Regulation of Nuclear Receptor Nur77 by miR-124. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148433. [PMID: 26840408 PMCID: PMC4739595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor Nur77 is commonly upregulated in adult cancers and has oncogenic functions. Nur77 is an immediate-early response gene that acts as a transcription factor to promote proliferation and protect cells from apoptosis. Conversely, Nur77 can translocate to the mitochondria and induce apoptosis upon treatment with various cytotoxic agents. Because Nur77 is upregulated in cancer and may have a role in cancer progression, it is of interest to understand the mechanism controlling its expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are responsible for inhibiting translation of their target genes by binding to the 3'UTR and either degrading the mRNA or preventing it from being translated into protein, thereby making these non-coding endogenous RNAs vital regulators of every cellular process. Several miRNAs have been predicted to target Nur77; however, strong evidence showing the regulation of Nur77 by any miRNA is lacking. In this study, we used a luciferase reporter assay containing the 3'UTR of Nur77 to screen 296 miRNAs and found that miR-124, which is the most abundant miRNA in the brain and has a role in promoting neuronal differentiation, caused the greatest reduction in luciferase activity. Interestingly, we discovered an inverse relationship in Daoy medulloblastoma cells and undifferentiated granule neuron precursors in which Nur77 is upregulated and miR-124 is downregulated. Exogenous expression to further elevate Nur77 levels in Daoy cells increased proliferation and viability, but knocking down Nur77 via siRNA resulted in the opposite phenotype. Importantly, exogenous expression of miR-124 reduced Nur77 expression, cell viability, proliferation, and tumor spheroid size in 3D culture. In all, we have discovered miR-124 to be downregulated in instances of medulloblastoma in which Nur77 is upregulated, resulting in a proliferative state that abets cancer progression. This study provides evidence for increasing miR-124 expression as a potential therapy for cancers with elevated levels of Nur77.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Medulloblastoma/genetics
- Medulloblastoma/metabolism
- Medulloblastoma/pathology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Protein Transport
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Tenga
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Jordan A. Beard
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Apana Takwi
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Yue-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
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Abstract
The treatment of glial brain tumors begins with surgery, and standard adjuvant treatment at the end of the past millennium for high-grade glioma and high-risk low-grade glioma was radiotherapy and chemotherapy was given at recurrence. However, over the past 10 years much has changed regarding the role of chemotherapy in gliomas and it is now clear that chemotherapy has a role in the treatment of almost all newly diagnosed diffuse gliomas (WHO grade II-IV). This is the result of several prospective studies that showed survival benefit after combined chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide in glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) or after procarbazine, CCNU (lomustine) and vincristine chemotherapy in diffuse low-grade (WHO grade II) and anaplastic (WHO grade III) glioma. The current standard of treatment for diffuse gliomas is described in this overview and in addition some attention is given to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Taal
- Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacoline EC Bromberg
- Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J van den Bent
- Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Cheng Y, Li Y, Nian Y, Liu D, Dai F, Zhang J. STAT3 is involved in miR-124-mediated suppressive effects on esophageal cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:306. [PMID: 25928665 PMCID: PMC4479077 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The cancer-related inflammation pathway- signal transducer and activator of transition 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway has been reported to play critical role in its initiation and progression, while the way mediated its hyperactivation remains elusive so far. Accumulating studies reported the important role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of gene expression, among of which, the miR-124/STAT3 interaction has been widely reported in various cancers, while its role in EC has not been investigated yet. Methods Firstly, we identified the target role of STAT3 in esophageal cancers using Dual-luciferase reporter assays. Next, we explored the expression of miR-124 in EC tissues. To further investigate its effects on the malignant phenotype of EC cells, we completed a series of experiments. Through transfection with miR-124 mimic, the expression of miR-124 in esophageal cancer cell lines, Eca109 and TE-1, were restored. Next, we detected the effects of ectopic miR-124 expression on the proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, migration and invasion of EC cells in vitro, and the tumor growth in vivo. Results Dual-luciferase assays identified that STAT3 is a target gene of miR-124 in esophageal cancer cells. Over-expression of miR-124 significantly down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of STAT3. Moreover, we found that the expression of miR-124 was consistently suppressed in esophageal cancer tissues and cell lines. Next, functional experiments showed that ectopic expression of miR-124 in EC cells induced a complex phenotype, namely an inhibition of cell proliferation, block of G1/S phase transition, induction of cell apoptosis, and suppression of cell invasion in vitro, as well as inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, restored the expression of STAT3 in esophageal cancer cells transfected with miR-124 before, could partially abolished the suppressive effects of miR-124 on the proliferation and invasion of Eca109 cells. Conclusion Collectively, these data suggest that miR-124 functions as a tumor suppressor in esophageal cancer through, at least partially, targeting STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Nian
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China.
| | - Fei Dai
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China.
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41
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Braoudaki M, Lambrou GI. MicroRNAs in pediatric central nervous system embryonal neoplasms: the known unknown. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:6. [PMID: 25652781 PMCID: PMC4333163 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNAs that repress post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, while embryonal central nervous system tumors are the foremost cause of mortality in children suffering from a neoplasm. MiRNAs and their regulatory mechanisms are new to understand, while pediatric CNS tumors are difficult to comprehend. Therefore, identification of the link between them composes a major scientific challenge. The present study, reviewed the current knowledge on the role of miRNA in pediatric CNS embryonal tumors, attempting to collect the existing information in one piece of work that could ideally be used as a guide for future reference and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Braoudaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece. .,University Research Institute for the Study and Treatment of Childhood Genetic and Malignant Diseases, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - George I Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece.
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42
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Liu S, Yin F, Zhang J, Wicha MS, Chang AE, Fan W, Chen L, Fan M, Li Q. Regulatory Roles of miRNA in the Human Neural Stem Cell Transformation to Glioma Stem Cells. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1368-80. [PMID: 24519663 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery; Navy General Hospital PLA; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Feng Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery; Navy General Hospital PLA; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery; Navy General Hospital PLA; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Max S. Wicha
- University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor; Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Alfred E. Chang
- University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor; Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Wenhong Fan
- Department of Brain Protection & Plasticity Research; Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing 100850 China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery; Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital; Beijing 100853 China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Brain Protection & Plasticity Research; Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing 100850 China
| | - Qiao Li
- University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor; Michigan 48109 USA
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43
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Zhang Y, Zheng L, Huang J, Gao F, Lin X, He L, Li D, Li Z, Ding Y, Chen L. MiR-124 Radiosensitizes human colorectal cancer cells by targeting PRRX1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93917. [PMID: 24705396 PMCID: PMC3976353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients is that these tumors show resistance to radiation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in essential biological activities, including chemoresistance and radioresistance. Several research studies have indicated that miRNA played an important role in sensitizing cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR). In this study, we found that miR-124 was significantly down-regulated both in CRC-derived cell lines and clinical CRC samples compared with adjacent non-tumor colorectal tissues, MiR-124 could sensitize human colorectal cancer cells to IR in vitro and in vivo. We identified PRRX1, a new EMT inducer and stemness regulator as a novel direct target of miR-124 by using target prediction algorithms and luciferase assay. PRRX1 knockdown could sensitize CRC cells to IR similar to the effects caused by miR-124. Overexpression of PRRX1 in stably overexpressed-miR-124 cell lines could rescue the effects of radiosensitivity enhancement brought by miR-124. Taking these observations into consideration, we illustrated that miR-124 could increase the radiosensitivity of CRC cells by blocking the expression of PRRX1, which indicated miR-124 could act as a great therapeutic target for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Cancer Center of Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (YD); (LC)
| | - Longhua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (YD); (LC)
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TANAKA TAKESHI, ARAI MAKOTO, JIANG XIA, SUGAYA SHIGERU, KANDA TATSUO, FUJII KATSUNORI, KITA KAZUKO, SUGITA KATSUO, IMAZEKI FUMIO, MIYASHITA TOSHIYUKI, KANEDA ATSUSHI, YOKOSUKA OSAMU. Downregulation of microRNA-431 by human interferon-β inhibits viability of medulloblastoma and glioblastoma cells via upregulation of SOCS6. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1685-90. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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45
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Adlakha YK, Saini N. Brain microRNAs and insights into biological functions and therapeutic potential of brain enriched miRNA-128. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:33. [PMID: 24555688 PMCID: PMC3936914 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs, the non-coding single-stranded RNA of 19–25 nucleotides are emerging as robust players of gene regulation. Plethora of evidences support that the ability of microRNAs to regulate several genes of a pathway or even multiple cross talking pathways have significant impact on a complex regulatory network and ultimately the physiological processes and diseases. Brain being a complex organ with several cell types, expresses more distinct miRNAs than any other tissues. This review aims to discuss about the microRNAs in brain development, function and their dysfunction in brain tumors. We also provide a comprehensive summary of targets of brain specific and brain enriched miRNAs that contribute to the diversity and plasticity of the brain. In particular, we uncover recent findings on miRNA-128, a brain-enriched microRNA that is induced during neuronal differentiation and whose aberrant expression has been reported in several cancers. This review describes the wide spectrum of targets of miRNA-128 that have been identified till date with potential roles in apoptosis, angiogenesis, proliferation, cholesterol metabolism, self renewal, invasion and cancer progression and how this knowledge might be exploited for the development of future miRNA-128 based therapies for the treatment of cancer as well as metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neeru Saini
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi, India.
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46
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Liu X, Huang T, He W, Shen Y, Liu X, Hong K, Cao Q. miR-124 functions as a tumor suppressor in the endometrial carcinoma cell line HEC-1B partly by suppressing STAT3. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 388:219-31. [PMID: 24287565 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the development and progression of endometrial carcinoma (EC). Recently, several studies have shown that microRNA-124 (miR-124) is downregulated in various cancers, which can affect tumor initiation and maintenance. However, the effects of miR-124 on EC are largely unknown. In this study, we identified the under-expression of miR-124 in 35 paired EC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Further, functional experiments found that ectopic expression of miR-124 markedly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of EC cells. It also induced cell apoptosis and G1-phase cell cycle arrest. Moreover, we identified signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as a direct target of miR-124, and over expression of miR-124 not only induced changes in STAT3 expression but also altered expression of its target genes, cyclin D2 and matrix metalloproteinase 2, in the human endometrial carcinoma cell line HEC-1B. In addition to targeting STAT3 directly, we found that miR-124 suppresses phosphorylation of STAT3 through targeting IL-6R indirectly. Restored STAT3 expression through treatment with IL-6 cytokine partly abolished miR-124-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. These results combined with the tumorigenetic role of STAT3 in HEC-1B cells suggest that the antitumor effects of miR-124 are achieved, at least partly, through down regulation of STAT3 mRNA and its downstream target genes. Therefore, inhibition of constitutively activated STAT3 by ectopic expression of miR-124 in EC may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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47
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Chen XX, Lin J, Qian J, Qian W, Yang J, Ma JC, Deng ZQ, Xie D, An C, Tang CY, Qian Z. Dysregulation of miR-124-1 predicts favorable prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Biochem 2013; 47:63-6. [PMID: 24135052 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNA miR-124 has been suggested as a tumor suppressor for its role in inhibiting cell growth, inducing differentiation and promoting apoptosis. The present study was aimed to investigate the expression status of miR-124-1 and its clinical relevance in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). DESIGNS AND METHODS Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression level of miR-124-1 in AML patients. The clinical significance of miR-124-1 expression in AML was investigated. RESULTS miR-124-1 underexpression was identified in 30 (36%) of 83 AML patients. No significant difference could be observed in sex, age and blood parameters between the patients with and without miR-124-1 underexpression. The frequency of miR-124-1 underexpression was higher in the patients with t(15;17) than in others (62% versus 30%, P = 0.040). The status of miR-124-1 expression was not correlated with the mutations of nine genes (FLT3-ITD, NPM1, C-KIT, IDH1/IDH2, DNMT3A, N/K-RAS and C/EBPA). The patients with miR-124-1 underexpression had borderline longer overall survival and relapse-free survival than those without miR-124-1 underexpression (P = 0.052 and 0.045, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that miR-124-1 underexpression is a common event and might have a favorable impact on prognosis in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-xing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Qian
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-chun Ma
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-qun Deng
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui An
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-yan Tang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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48
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Tivnan A, Zhao J, Johns TG, Day BW, Stringer BW, Boyd AW, Tiwari S, Giles KM, Teo C, McDonald KL. The tumor suppressor microRNA, miR-124a, is regulated by epigenetic silencing and by the transcriptional factor, REST in glioblastoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1459-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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49
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Zhao X, Huang Y, Wang Y, Chen P, Yu Y, Song Z. MicroRNA profile comparison of the corneal endothelia of young and old mice: implications for senescence of the corneal endothelium. Mol Vis 2013; 19:1815-25. [PMID: 23946636 PMCID: PMC3742134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify critical microRNAs (miRNAs) that play important roles in regulating the aging of corneal endothelial cells in mice aged 10-13 weeks and 2 years. METHODS We collected the corneal endothelia from 30 mice aged 10-13 weeks and 30 mice aged 2 years. The samples were pooled into six groups (Y1, Y2, Y3 and S1, S2, S3). Each group comprised corneal endothelia from 10 mice, and these six groups were used for a genome-wide miRNA microarray study. The expression levels of eight selected miRNAs were further validated independently by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Target genes were predicted using a computational approach due to their base-pairing rules between miRNA and messenger RNA target sites. The locations of binding sequences were within the target's 3' untranslated regions (UTR), and the conservation of target binding sequences occurred within related genomes. Additional gene ontology and signaling pathway analyses were performed using bioinformatics tools. RESULTS Twenty-seven miRNAs (7 upregulated and 20 downregulated) were found to be differentially expressed (fold change >2, p value <0.05) in the corneal endothelia of adult and old mice. The qRT-PCR results confirmed the differential expression of eight miRNAs between the corneal endothelia of adult and old mice. A computational approach demonstrated that the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs might be involved in several signaling pathways, including the glutamatergic synapse pathway (p=0.000313), the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway (p=0.00197), the neurotrophin signaling pathway (p=0.00687), the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway (p=0.0143), and oxidative phosphorylation (p=0.0223). CONCLUSIONS Our study identified miRNAs that are differentially expressed in the corneal endothelium during aging for the first time. We also identified fluctuations in the expression of these specific miRNAs that may be related to age-specific changes. Understanding miRNA expression and interactions in tissues such as the cornea may aid in the understanding of the basic and pathophysiological processes of age-related ocular pathologies.
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Wei J, Wang F, Kong LY, Xu S, Doucette T, Ferguson SD, Yang Y, McEnery K, Jethwa K, Gjyshi O, Qiao W, Levine NB, Lang FF, Rao G, Fuller GN, Calin GA, Heimberger AB. miR-124 inhibits STAT3 signaling to enhance T cell-mediated immune clearance of glioma. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3913-26. [PMID: 23636127 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs (miR) have been shown to modulate critical gene transcripts involved in tumorigenesis, but their role in tumor-mediated immunosuppression is largely unknown. On the basis of miRNA gene expression in gliomas using tissue microarrays, in situ hybridization, and molecular modeling, miR-124 was identified as a lead candidate for modulating STAT3 signaling, a key pathway mediating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. miR-124 is absent in all grades and pathologic types of gliomas. Upon upregulating miR-124 in glioma cancer stem cells (gCSC), the STAT3 pathway was inhibited, and miR-124 reversed gCSC-mediated immunosuppression of T-cell proliferation and induction of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)(+) regulatory T cells (Treg). Treatment of T cells from immunosuppressed glioblastoma patients with miR-124 induced marked effector response including upregulation of interleukin (IL)-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Both systemic administration of miR-124 or adoptive miR-124-transfected T-cell transfers exerted potent anti-glioma therapeutic effects in clonotypic and genetically engineered murine models of glioblastoma and enhanced effector responses in the local tumor microenvironment. These therapeutic effects were ablated in both CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-depleted mice and nude mouse systems, indicating that the therapeutic effect of miR-124 depends on the presence of a T-cell-mediated antitumor immune response. Our findings highlight the potential application of miR-124 as a novel immunotherapeutic agent for neoplasms and serve as a model for identifying miRNAs that can be exploited as immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230, USA
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