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Martin-Salgado M, Ochoa-Echeverría A, Mérida I. Diacylglycerol kinases: A look into the future of immunotherapy. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:100999. [PMID: 37949728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer still represents the second leading cause of death right after cardiovascular diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer provoked around 10 million deaths in 2020, with lung and colon tumors accounting for the deadliest forms of cancer. As tumor cells become resistant to traditional therapeutic approaches, immunotherapy has emerged as a novel strategy for tumor control. T lymphocytes are key players in immune responses against tumors. Immunosurveillance allows identification, targeting and later killing of cancerous cells. Nevertheless, tumors evolve through different strategies to evade the immune response and spread in a process called metastasis. The ineffectiveness of traditional strategies to control tumor growth and expansion has led to novel approaches considering modulation of T cell activation and effector functions. Program death receptor 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) showed promising results in the early 90s and nowadays are still being exploited together with other drugs for several cancer types. Other negative regulators of T cell activation are diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) a family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) into phosphatidic acid (PA). In T cells, DGKα and DGKζ limit the PLCγ/Ras/ERK axis thus attenuating DAG mediated signaling and T cell effector functions. Upregulation of either of both isoforms results in impaired Ras activation and anergy induction, whereas germline knockdown mice showed enhanced antitumor properties and more effective immune responses against pathogens. Here we review the mechanisms used by DGKs to ameliorate T cell activation and how inhibition could be used to reinvigorate T cell functions in cancer context. A better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved upon T cell activation will help to improve current therapies with DAG promoting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martin-Salgado
- Department of Immunology and Oncology. National Centre for Biotechnology. Spanish Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Spain
| | - Ane Ochoa-Echeverría
- Department of Immunology and Oncology. National Centre for Biotechnology. Spanish Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Spain
| | - Isabel Mérida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology. National Centre for Biotechnology. Spanish Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Spain.
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2
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Erdem M, Cicek M, Erson-Bensan AE. Versatile RNA: overlooked gems of the transcriptome. FEBS J 2023; 290:4843-4851. [PMID: 36719259 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of RNA, its use and targetability concerning different aspects of human health are gaining more attention because our understanding of the versatility of RNA has dramatically evolved over the last decades. We now appreciate that RNA is far more critical than a messenger molecule and possesses many complicated functions. As a multifunctional molecule with its sequence, flexible structures and enzymatic abilities, RNA is genuinely powerful. Mammalian transcriptomes consist of a dynamically regulated plethora of coding and noncoding RNA types. However, some aspects of RNA metabolism remain to be explored. In this Viewpoint, we focus on the transcriptome's unconventional and possibly overlooked aspects to emphasize the importance of RNA in mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Erdem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cicek
- Department of Biology, Kamil Ozdag Faculty of Science, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
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3
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Lu N, Min J, Peng L, Huang S, Chai X, Wang S, Wang J. MiR-297 inhibits tumour progression of liver cancer by targeting PTBP3. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:564. [PMID: 37633911 PMCID: PMC10460384 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Whereas increasing evidences demonstrate that miR-297 contributes to the tumour development and progression, the role of miR-297 and its underlying molecular mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was still unclear. Here, we reported that the expression of miR-297 increased significantly in hepG2 cells after the treatment of the conditioned medium of human amniotic epithelial cells(hAECs) which can inhibit the proliferation and migration of hepG2. And the overexpression of miR-297 inhibits the cell proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cell lines in vitro and suppressed the tumorigenesis of HCC in vivo. Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 3 (PTBP3) was identified as a direct target gene of miR-297 in HCC cell lines, and mediated the function of miR-297 in HCC cells. In clinical samples, miR-297 levels have a tendency to decrease, but there are no statistically significant differences. Furthermore, in vitro cell experiments confirmed that overexpression of miR-297 could inhibit the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by down-regulating PTBP3 expression, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. In conclusion, our results revealed that miR-297 could down-regulate the expression of PTBP3 and inhibit the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby preventing HCC growth, migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lu
- The Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Jiali Min
- The Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengjian Huang
- Hunan Guangxiu Hi-tech Life Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xiahua Chai
- The Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Susu Wang
- The Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Wang
- The Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China.
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4
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Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and MicroRNA Targeting Data to Improve Colorectal Cancer Survival Prediction. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020228. [PMID: 36672162 PMCID: PMC9856396 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has proven to be difficult to treat as it is the second leading cause of cancer death for both men and women worldwide. Recent work has shown the importance of microRNA (miRNA) in the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Here, we develop a metric based on miRNA-gene target interactions, previously validated to be associated with colorectal cancer. We use this metric with a regularized Cox model to produce a small set of top-performing genes related to colon cancer. We show that using the miRNA metric and a Cox model led to a meaningful improvement in colon cancer survival prediction and correct patient risk stratification. We show that our approach outperforms existing methods and that the top genes identified by our process are implicated in NOTCH3 signaling and general metabolism pathways, which are essential to colon cancer progression.
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5
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Mulcahy EQX, Zhang Y, Colόn RR, Cain SR, Gibert MK, Dube CJ, Hafner M, Abounader R. MicroRNA 3928 Suppresses Glioblastoma through Downregulation of Several Oncogenes and Upregulation of p53. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3930. [PMID: 35409289 PMCID: PMC8998958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and lethal primary malignant brain tumor. Despite decades of research, therapeutic advances that significantly prolong life are non-existent. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been a focus of study in the pathobiology of cancer because of their ability to simultaneously regulate multiple genes. The aim of this study was to determine the functional and mechanistic effects of miR-3928 in GBM both in vitro and in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article investigating the role of miR-3928 in GBM. We measured endogenous miR-3928 expression levels in a panel of patient-derived GBM tissue samples and cell lines. We found that GBM tissue samples and cell lines express lower levels of miR-3928 than normal brain cortex and astrocytes, respectively. Therefore, we hypothesized that miR-3928 is a tumor suppressive microRNA. We verified this hypothesis by showing that exogenous expression of miR-3928 has a strong inhibitory effect on both cell growth and invasiveness of GBM cells. Stable ex vivo overexpression of miR-3928 in GBM cells led to a reduction in tumor size in nude mice xenografts. We identified many targets (MDM2, CD44, DDX3X, HMGA2, CCND1, BRAF, ATOH8, and BMI1) of miR-3928. Interestingly, inhibition of the oncogene MDM2 also led to an upregulation of wild-type p53 expression and phosphorylation. In conclusion, we find that miR-3928, through the downregulation of several oncogenes and upregulation and activation of wild-type p53, is a strong tumor suppressor in GBM. Furthermore, the fact that miR-3928 can target many important dysregulated proteins in GBM suggests it might be a "master" regulatory microRNA that could be therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Q. X. Mulcahy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.Q.X.M.); (Y.Z.); (R.R.C.); (S.R.C.); (M.K.G.J.); (C.J.D.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.Q.X.M.); (Y.Z.); (R.R.C.); (S.R.C.); (M.K.G.J.); (C.J.D.)
| | - Rossymar R. Colόn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.Q.X.M.); (Y.Z.); (R.R.C.); (S.R.C.); (M.K.G.J.); (C.J.D.)
| | - Shelby R. Cain
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.Q.X.M.); (Y.Z.); (R.R.C.); (S.R.C.); (M.K.G.J.); (C.J.D.)
| | - Myron K. Gibert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.Q.X.M.); (Y.Z.); (R.R.C.); (S.R.C.); (M.K.G.J.); (C.J.D.)
| | - Collin J. Dube
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.Q.X.M.); (Y.Z.); (R.R.C.); (S.R.C.); (M.K.G.J.); (C.J.D.)
| | - Markus Hafner
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20894, USA;
| | - Roger Abounader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.Q.X.M.); (Y.Z.); (R.R.C.); (S.R.C.); (M.K.G.J.); (C.J.D.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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6
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Indoxyl Sulfate Elevated Lnc-SLC15A1-1 Upregulating CXCL10/CXCL8 Expression in High-Glucose Endothelial Cells by Sponging MicroRNAs. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120873. [PMID: 34941711 PMCID: PMC8709190 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM). Immunomodulatory dysfunction is a primary feature of DM, and the emergence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in DM abruptly increases CVD mortality compared with DM alone. Endothelial injury and the accumulation of uremic toxins in the blood of DM/CKD patients are known mechanisms for the pathogenesis of CVD. However, the molecular factors that cause this disproportional increase in CVD in the DM/CKD population are still unknown. Since long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in regulating multiple cellular functions, we used human endothelial cells treated with high glucose to mimic DM and with the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) to mimic the endothelial injury associated with CKD. Differentially expressed lncRNAs in these conditions were analyzed by RNA sequencing. We discovered that lnc-SLC15A1-1 expression was significantly increased upon IS treatment in comparison with high glucose alone, and then cascaded the signal of chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL8 via sponging miR-27b, miR-297, and miR-150b. This novel pathway might be responsible for the endothelial inflammation implicated in augmenting CVD in DM/CKD and could be a therapeutic target with future clinical applications.
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Sakane F, Hoshino F, Ebina M, Sakai H, Takahashi D. The Roles of Diacylglycerol Kinase α in Cancer Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205190. [PMID: 34680338 PMCID: PMC8534027 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diacylglycerol (DG) kinase (DGK) phosphorylates DG to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). DGKα is highly expressed in several refractory cancer cells, including melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and glioblastoma cells, attenuates apoptosis, and promotes proliferation. In cancer cells, PA produced by DGKα plays an important role in proliferation/antiapoptosis. In addition to cancer cells, DGKα is highly abundant in T cells and induces a nonresponsive state (anergy), representing the main mechanism by which advanced cancers avoid immune action. In T cells, DGKα induces anergy through DG consumption. Therefore, a DGKα-specific inhibitor is expected to be a dual effective anticancer treatment that inhibits cancer cell proliferation and simultaneously activates T cell function. Moreover, the inhibition of DGKα synergistically enhances the anticancer effects of programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 blockade. Taken together, DGKα inhibition provides a promising new treatment strategy for refractory cancers. Abstract Diacylglycerol (DG) kinase (DGK) phosphorylates DG to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). The α isozyme is activated by Ca2+ through its EF-hand motifs and tyrosine phosphorylation. DGKα is highly expressed in several refractory cancer cells including melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and glioblastoma cells. In melanoma cells, DGKα is an antiapoptotic factor that activates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) through the atypical protein kinase C (PKC) ζ-mediated phosphorylation of NF-κB. DGKα acts as an enhancer of proliferative activity through the Raf–MEK–ERK pathway and consequently exacerbates hepatocellular carcinoma progression. In glioblastoma and melanoma cells, DGKα attenuates apoptosis by enhancing the phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4A1–mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway. As PA activates PKCζ, Raf, and PDE, it is likely that PA generated by DGKα plays an important role in the proliferation/antiapoptosis of cancer cells. In addition to cancer cells, DGKα is highly abundant in T cells and induces a nonresponsive state (anergy), which represents the main mechanism by which advanced cancers escape immune action. In T cells, DGKα attenuates the activity of Ras-guanyl nucleotide-releasing protein, which is activated by DG and avoids anergy through DG consumption. Therefore, a DGKα-specific inhibitor is expected to be a dual effective anticancer treatment that inhibits cancer cell proliferation and simultaneously enhances T cell functions. Moreover, the inhibition of DGKα synergistically enhances the anticancer effects of programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 blockade. Taken together, DGKα inhibition provides a promising new treatment strategy for refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; (F.H.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-43-290-3695
| | - Fumi Hoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; (F.H.); (M.E.)
| | - Masayuki Ebina
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; (F.H.); (M.E.)
| | - Hiromichi Sakai
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
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8
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Technical choices significantly alter the adaptive immune response against immunocompetent murine gliomas in a model-dependent manner. J Neurooncol 2021; 154:145-157. [PMID: 34432197 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to the recent rise in immunotherapy research to treat glioblastoma (GBM), immunocompetent mouse models have become increasingly crucial. However, the character and kinetics of the immune response against the most prevalent immunocompetent GBM models, GL261 and CT2A, have not been well studied, nor has the impact of commonly-used marker proteins and foreign antigens. METHODS In this study, we compared the immune response in these models using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry as well as investigated several factors that influence the immune response, including kinetics, tumor size, and expression of commonly-used marker proteins and foreign antigens. We hypothesize that these factors influence the immune response enough to warrant consideration when studying new immunotherapeutic approaches for GBM. RESULTS CT2A-Luc, but not GL261-Luc2, drastically increased the number of T cells in the brain compared with wild-type controls, and significantly altered CT2A's responsiveness to anti-PD-1 antibody therapy. Additionally, a larger cell inoculum size in the GL261 model increased the T cell response's magnitude at day 28 post-injection. CT2A and GL261 models both stimulate a peak T cell immune response at day 21 post-injection. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the impact of foreign proteins like luciferase on the intracranial immune response is dependent upon the model, with CT2A being more sensitive to added markers. In particular, luciferase expression in CT2A could lead to meaningful misinterpretations of results from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) studies.
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9
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Piccolella M, Cristofani R, Tedesco B, Chierichetti M, Ferrari V, Casarotto E, Cozzi M, Crippa V, Rusmini P, Galbiati M, Poletti A, Messi E. Retinoic Acid Downregulates HSPB8 Gene Expression in Human Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7. Front Oncol 2021; 11:652085. [PMID: 34136389 PMCID: PMC8201400 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.652085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a serious and widespread disease for which different treatments have been developed. In addition to the classic therapies, the treatment with retinoic acid (RA) is still being clinically investigated. RA reduces cancer cells proliferation and migration, but its molecular mechanism of action is not clear. In tumor development, autophagy promotes cancer cell survival and prevents apoptosis. Small heat shock protein B8 (HSPB8) acts together with its co-chaperone BCL-2 associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) stimulating BC proliferation and migration. We analyzed whether direct correlations exist between RA and HSPB8 or BAG3 and how this may play a role in BC. We measured HSPB8 and BAG3 gene expression in MCF-7 BC cells and we analyzed the potential correlation between the antiproliferative and antimigratory effect of RA with the expression level of HSPB8. We found that in MCF-7 cells RA reduces both HSPB8 and BAG3 gene expression and it alters the mitotic spindle organization. Notably, the effects of RA on HSPB8 levels are exerted at both transcriptional and translational levels. RA effects are possibly mediated by miR-574-5p that targets the HSPB8 transcript. Our results suggest that therapeutic doses of RA can efficiently counteract the adverse effects of HSPB8 in BC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Messi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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10
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Liu CS, Schmezer P, Popanda O. Diacylglycerol Kinase Alpha in Radiation-Induced Fibrosis: Potential as a Predictive Marker or Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2020; 10:737. [PMID: 32477950 PMCID: PMC7235333 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an efficient tool in cancer treatment, but it brings along the risk of side effects such as fibrosis in the irradiated healthy tissue thus limiting tumor control and impairing quality of life of cancer survivors. Knowledge on radiation-related fibrosis risk and therapeutic options is still limited and requires further research. Recent studies demonstrated that epigenetic regulation of diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKA) is associated with radiation-induced fibrosis. However, the specific mechanisms are still unknown. In this review, we scrutinized the role of DGKA in the radiation response and in further cellular functions to show the potential of DGKA as a predictive marker or a novel target in fibrosis treatment. DGKA was reported to participate in immune response, lipid signaling, exosome production, and migration as well as cell proliferation, all processes which are suggested to be critical steps in fibrogenesis. Most of these functions are based on the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA) at plasma membranes, but DGKA might have also other, yet not well-known functions in the nucleus. Current evidence summarized here underlines that DGKA activation may play a central role in fibrosis formation post-irradiation and shows a potential of direct DGKA inhibitors or epigenetic modulators to attenuate pro-fibrotic reactions, thus providing novel therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shan Liu
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schmezer
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Odilia Popanda
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Velnati S, Massarotti A, Antona A, Talmon M, Fresu LG, Galetto AS, Capello D, Bertoni A, Mercalli V, Graziani A, Tron GC, Baldanzi G. Structure activity relationship studies on Amb639752: toward the identification of a common pharmacophoric structure for DGKα inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:96-108. [PMID: 31690133 PMCID: PMC6844378 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1684911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of analogues of Amb639752, a novel diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) inhibitor recently discovered by us via virtual screening, have been tested. The compounds were evaluated as DGK inhibitors on α, θ, and ζ isoforms, and as antagonists on serotonin receptors. From these assays emerged two novel compounds, namely 11 and 20, which with an IC50 respectively of 1.6 and 1.8 µM are the most potent inhibitors of DGKα discovered to date. Both compounds demonstrated the ability to restore apoptosis in a cellular model of X-linked lymphoproliferative disease as well as the capacity to reduce the migration of cancer cells, suggesting their potential utility in preventing metastasis. Finally, relying on experimental biological data, molecular modelling studies allow us to set a three-point pharmacophore model for DGK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Velnati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Annamaria Antona
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Talmon
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigia Grazia Fresu
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Silvia Galetto
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Palliative Care Division, A.S.L., Vercelli, Italy
| | - Daniela Capello
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bertoni
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Mercalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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12
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Arranz-Nicolás J, Mérida I. Biological regulation of diacylglycerol kinases in normal and neoplastic tissues: New opportunities for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 75:100663. [PMID: 31706704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, the arsenal of anti-cancer therapies has evolved to target T lymphocytes and restore their capacity to destroy tumor cells. However, the clinical success is limited, with a large number of patients that never responds and others that ultimately develop resistances. Overcoming the hypofunctional state imposed by solid tumors to T cells has revealed critical but challenging due to the complex strategies that tumors employ to evade the immune system. The Diacylglycerol kinases (DGK) limit DAG-dependent functions in T lymphocytes and their upregulation in tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes contribute to limit T cell cytotoxic potential. DGK blockade could reinstate T cell attack on tumors, limiting at the same time tumor cell growth, thanks to the DGK positive input into several oncogenic pathways. In this review we summarize the latest findings regarding the regulation of specific DGK isoforms in healthy and anergic T lymphocytes, as well as their contribution to oncogenic phenotypes. We will also revise the latest advances in the search for pharmacological inhibitors and their potential as anti-cancer agents, either alone or in combination with immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Arranz-Nicolás
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Mérida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Venkata Subbaiah KC, Hedaya O, Wu J, Jiang F, Yao P. Mammalian RNA switches: Molecular rheostats in gene regulation, disease, and medicine. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1326-1338. [PMID: 31741723 PMCID: PMC6849081 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration of RNA structure by environmental signals is a fundamental mechanism of gene regulation. For example, the riboswitch is a noncoding RNA regulatory element that binds a small molecule and causes a structural change in the RNA, thereby regulating transcription, splicing, or translation of an mRNA. The role of riboswitches in metabolite sensing and gene regulation in bacteria and other lower species was reported almost two decades ago, but riboswitches have not yet been discovered in mammals. An analog of the riboswitch, the protein-directed RNA switch (PDRS), has been identified as an important regulatory mechanism of gene expression in mammalian cells. RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs are two major executors of PDRS via their interaction with target transcripts in mammals. These protein-RNA interactions influence cellular functions by integrating environmental signals and intracellular pathways from disparate stimuli to modulate stability or translation of specific mRNAs. The discovery of a riboswitch in eukaryotes that is composed of a single class of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) suggests that additional ligand-sensing RNAs may be present to control eukaryotic or mammalian gene expression. In this review, we focus on protein-directed RNA switch mechanisms in mammals. We offer perspectives on the potential discovery of mammalian protein-directed and compound-dependent RNA switches that are related to human disease and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadiam C Venkata Subbaiah
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14586, United States
| | - Omar Hedaya
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14586, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14586, United States
| | - Jiangbin Wu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14586, United States
| | - Feng Jiang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14586, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14586, United States
| | - Peng Yao
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14586, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14586, United States.,The Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14586, United States.,The Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14586, United States
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14
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Venkata Subbaiah KC, Wu J, Potdar A, Yao P. hnRNP L-mediated RNA switches function as a hypoxia-induced translational regulon. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:753-759. [PMID: 31255281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The GAIT (gamma-interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex or miR-297-RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex), together with hnRNP L or hnRNP L-bearing complex, operates an RNA switch in myeloid cells that regulates stress-dependent expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA). Here, we have shown that hnRNP L directs multiple hypoxia-inducible RNA switches simultaneously and regulates expression of these oncogenic genes in addition to VEGFA. Bioinformatic and polysome profiling-microarray screens have identified DNM1L (Dynamin 1-like) and PHF21A (PHD finger protein 21A) mRNAs as regulated at the translational level by GAIT-dependent, hnRNP L-directed RNA switches. We have also uncovered CDK6 (Cyclin dependent kinase 6), MKLN1 (Muskelin 1) and EIF5 (Eukaryotic initiation factor 5) as novel miR-297-dependent, hnRNP L-directed RNA switch transcripts. Src Kinase is required for the phosphorylation of hnRNP L and activation of the RNA switch pathway. Knockdown of hnRNP L sensitizes the human U937 monocytic cells under hypoxia stress but not in normoxia via inducing cell apoptosis partially due to the reduced translation of hnRNP L target mRNAs. Collectively, our findings suggest that commonly controlled genes by the hnRNP L-directed RNA switches form a translational regulon that promotes hypoxia resistance and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadiam C Venkata Subbaiah
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for RNA Biology, Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jiangbin Wu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for RNA Biology, Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alka Potdar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peng Yao
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for RNA Biology, Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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15
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Lentiviral Vectors as Tools for the Study and Treatment of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030417. [PMID: 30909628 PMCID: PMC6468594 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) has the worst prognosis among brain tumors, hence basic biology, preclinical, and clinical studies are necessary to design effective strategies to defeat this disease. Gene transfer vectors derived from the most-studied lentivirus-the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1-have wide application in dissecting GBM specific features to identify potential therapeutic targets. Last-generation lentiviruses (LV), highly improved in safety profile and gene transfer capacity, are also largely employed as delivery systems of therapeutic molecules to be employed in gene therapy (GT) approaches. LV were initially used in GT protocols aimed at the expression of suicide factors to induce GBM cell death. Subsequently, LV were adopted to either express small noncoding RNAs to affect different aspects of GBM biology or to overcome the resistance to both chemo- and radiotherapy that easily develop in this tumor after initial therapy. Newer frontiers include adoption of LV for engineering T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors recognizing specific GBM antigens, or for transducing specific cell types that, due to their biological properties, can function as carriers of therapeutic molecules to the cancer mass. Finally, LV allow the setting up of improved animal models crucial for the validation of GBM specific therapies.
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16
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Wu J, Li DD, Li JY, Yin YC, Li PC, Qiu L, Chen LM. Identification of microRNA-mRNA networks involved in cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cells injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 851:1-12. [PMID: 30768982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug that often causes acute kidney injury (AKI) in cancer patients. The contribution of miRNAs to the cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury remains largely unknown. Here we performed an integrative network analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles to shed light into the underlying mechanism of cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury. Microarray analysis identified 47 differentially expressed miRNAs, among them 26 were upregulated and 21 were downregulated. Moreover, integrating dysregulated miRNAs target prediction and altered mRNA expression enabled us to identify 1181 putative target genes for further bioinformatics analysis. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the putative target genes were involved in apoptosis process and regulation of transcription. Pathway analysis indicated that the top upregulated pathways included MAPK and p53 signaling pathway, while the top downregulated pathways were PI3K-Akt and Wnt signaling pathway. Further network analysis showed that MAPK signaling pathway and apoptosis with the highest degree were identified as core pathways, hsa-miR-9-3p and hsa-miR-371b-5p as the most critical miRNAs, and CASK, ASH1L, CDK6 etc. as hub target genes. In addition, the expression level change of selected five microRNAs (hsa-miR-4299, hsa-miR-297, hsa-miR-3135b, hsa-miR-9-3p, and hsa-miR-371b-5p) and two mRNAs( CASK and CDK6) were validated in cisplatin-induced HK-2 cells. Furthermore, a similar trend of expression level change was observed in NRK-52E cells by cisplatin treatment. Overall, our results provide the molecular basis and potential targets for the treatment of cisplatin-induced renal tubular cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jia-Yao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yi-Cong Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Peng-Chang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Li-Meng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China.
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17
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Audia A, Bhat KP. Ritanserin, a novel agent targeting the mesenchymal subtype of glioblastomas. Neuro Oncol 2018; 20:151-152. [PMID: 29365204 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishna P Bhat
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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18
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Gutiérrez DA, Varela-Ramírez A, Rodríguez-Esquivel M, Mendoza-Rodríguez MG, Ayala-Sumuano JT, Pineda D, Garrido-Guerrero E, Jiménez-Vega F, Aguilar S, Quiñones M, Nambo MJ, Chávez-Olmos P, Taniguchi-Ponciano K, Marrero-Rodriguez D, Romero-Morelos P, Castro JP, Bandala C, Carrillo-Romero A, González-Yebra B, Salcedo M. Predicting Human miRNA-like Sequences within Human Papillomavirus Genomes. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:323-334. [PMID: 30401587 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study presents a prediction of putative miRNA within several Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types by using bioinformatics tools and a strategy based on sequence and structure alignment. Currently, little is known about HPV miRNAs. METHODS Computational methods have been widely applied in the identification of novel miRNAs when analyzing genome sequences. Here, ten whole-genome sequences from HPV-6, -11, -16, -18, -31, -33, -35, -45, -52, and -58 were analyzed. Software based on local contiguous structure-sequence features and support vector machine (SVM), as well as additional bioinformatics tools, were utilized for identification and classification of real and pseudo microRNA precursors. RESULTS An initial analysis predicted 200 putative pre-miRNAs for all the ten HPV genome variants. To derive a smaller set of pre-miRNAs candidates, stringent validation criteria was conducted by applying <‒10 ΔG value (Gibbs Free Energy). Thus, only pre-miRNAs with total scores above the cut-off points of 90% were considered as putative pre-miRNAs. As a result of this strategy, 19 pre-miRNAs were selected (hpv-pre-miRNAs). These novel pre-miRNAs were located in different clusters within HPV genomes and some of them were positioned at splice regions. Additionally, the 19 identified pre-miRNAs sequences varied between HPV genotypes. Interestingly, the newly identified miRNAs, 297, 27b, 500, 501-5, and 509-3-5p, were closely implicated in carcinogenesis participating in cellular longevity, cell cycle, metastasis, apoptosis evasion, tissue invasion and cellular growth pathways. CONCLUSIONS The novel putative miRNAs candidates could be promising biomarkers of HPV infection and furthermore, could be targeted for potential therapeutic interventions in HPV-induced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse A Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México; The Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramírez
- The Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Esquivel
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México; Programa Nanociencias y Micronanotecnologías, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mónica G Mendoza-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - Jorge T Ayala-Sumuano
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - David Pineda
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México; Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Efraín Garrido-Guerrero
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Florinda Jiménez-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México
| | - Saúl Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Miguel Quiñones
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México
| | - María J Nambo
- Servicio de Hematología y Trasplantes de Médula Ósea, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pedro Chávez-Olmos
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Keiko Taniguchi-Ponciano
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México; Programa Nanociencias y Micronanotecnologías, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Marrero-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pablo Romero-Morelos
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México; Programa Nanociencias y Micronanotecnologías, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Joanna P Castro
- Coordinación de Unidades Médicas de Alta Especialidad, Dirección de Prestaciones Médicas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cindy Bandala
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Andrea Carrillo-Romero
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz González-Yebra
- Departamento de Medicina y Nutrición, División de Ciencias de la Salud, León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Mauricio Salcedo
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
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Blood and lung microRNAs as biomarkers of pulmonary tumorigenesis in cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84758-84774. [PMID: 27713172 PMCID: PMC5341294 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is known to dysregulate microRNA expression profiles in the lungs of mice, rats, and humans, thereby modulating several pathways involved in lung carcinogenesis and other CS-related diseases. We designed a study aimed at evaluating (a) the expression of 1135 microRNAs in the lung of Swiss H mice exposed to mainstream CS during the first 4 months of life and thereafter kept in filtered air for an additional 3.5 months, (b) the relationship between lung microRNA profiles and histopathological alterations in the lung, (c) intergender differences in microRNA expression, and (d) the comparison with microRNA profiles in blood serum. CS caused multiple histopathological alterations in the lung, which were almost absent in sham-exposed mice. An extensive microRNA dysregulation was detected in the lung of CS-exposed mice. Modulation of microRNA profiles was specifically related to the histopathological picture, no effect being detected in lung fragments with non-neoplastic lung diseases (emphysema or alveolar epithelial hyperplasia), whereas a close association occurred with the presence and multiplicity of preneoplastic lesions (microadenomas) and benign lung tumors (adenomas). Three microRNAs regulating estrogen and HER2-dependent mechanisms were modulated in the lung of adenoma-bearing female mice. Blood microRNAs were also modulated in mice affected by early neoplastic lesions. However, there was a poor association between lung microRNAs and circulating microRNAs, which can be ascribed to an impaired release of mature microRNAs from the damaged lung. Studies in progress are evaluating the feasibility of analyzing blood microRNAs as a molecular tool for lung cancer secondary prevention.
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20
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Kleemann M, Bereuther J, Fischer S, Marquart K, Hänle S, Unger K, Jendrossek V, Riedel CU, Handrick R, Otte K. Investigation on tissue specific effects of pro-apoptotic micro RNAs revealed miR-147b as a potential biomarker in ovarian cancer prognosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18773-18791. [PMID: 27821806 PMCID: PMC5386646 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and progression of cancer can be ascribed to imbalances in gene regulation leading to aberrant cellular behavior. The loss of micro RNAs (miRNAs) exhibiting tumor-suppressive function has been demonstrated to be often causative for uncontrolled cell proliferation, migration or tissue infiltration. The installation of de novo tumor suppressive function by using pro-apoptotic miRNAs might be a promising therapeutic approach. In addition, there is a great demand for novel biomarkers for the prognosis of cancer, which prompted us to transfer a high content miRNA screening initially performed to identify bioprocess relevant miRNAs in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to human cancer cell lines . Analysis of screened miRNAs exhibiting strongest pro-apoptotic effects discovered globally and cross-species active candidates. The recovery rate of apoptosis inducing miRNAs was highest in the human ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV3. Focusing on ovarian cell lines miR-1912, miR-147b and miR-3073a showed significant apoptosis induction in cell lines with different genetic background (SKOV3p53null, OVCAR3p53R248Q, TOV21G, TOV112Dp53R175H, A2780, A2780-cisp53K351N) alone and additive effects in combination with carboplatin. While expression analysis revealed a low endogenous expression of miR-1912 and miR-147b in SKOV3, miRNA expression was highly upregulated upon apoptosis induction using chemotherapeutics. Ectopic introduction of these miRNAs lead to enhanced activation of caspase-dependent death signaling and an induction of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bak1 and Bax and a reduced expression of Bcl2 and Bcl-xL. Finally, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data revealed the expression of hsa-miR-147b-5p to show a positive influence on the median survival of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kleemann
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany.,University of Ulm, Faculty of Medicine, 89079 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jeremias Bereuther
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co.KG, BP Process Development Germany, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Kim Marquart
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Simon Hänle
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | | | - René Handrick
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany
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21
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Yao P, Wu J, Lindner D, Fox PL. Interplay between miR-574-3p and hnRNP L regulates VEGFA mRNA translation and tumorigenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:7950-7964. [PMID: 28520992 PMCID: PMC5570063 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are families of sequence-specific, posttranscriptional modulators of gene expression. Despite extensive mechanistic and functional studies on both regulatory classes, the interactions and crosstalk between them are largely unexplored. We have reported that competition between miR-297 and hnRNP L to bind a 3΄UTR-localized CA-rich element (CARE) of VEGFA mRNA regulates its translation. Here, we show that translation of VEGFA mRNA in human myeloid cells is dictated by a bi-directional interaction between miR-574-3p, a CA-rich microRNA, and hnRNP L. In normoxia, miR-574-3p, acting as a decoy, binds cytoplasmic hnRNP L and prevents its binding to the CARE and stimulation of VEGFA mRNA translation, simultaneously permitting miR-297-mediated translational silencing. However, in hypoxia, cytoplasmic accumulation of Tyr359-phosphorylated hnRNP L sequesters miR-574-3p, overcoming its decoy activity and seed sequence-dependent gene silencing activity. Ectopically expressed miR-574-3p binds multiple RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains of hnRNP L, synergizes with miR-297, reduces VEGFA mRNA translation, and triggers apoptosis, thereby suppressing tumorigenesis. Our studies establish a novel condition-dependent interplay between a miRNA and an hnRNP that regulates their functions in a bidirectional manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yao
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jiangbin Wu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Daniel Lindner
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Huang CH, Chen N, Huang CX, Zhang B, Wu M, He L, Liu H, Tang R, Wang WM, Wang HL. Involvement of the miR-462/731 cluster in hypoxia response in Megalobrama amblycephala. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:863-873. [PMID: 28280952 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs showing both evolutionarily conserved and unique features and are involved in nearly all biological processes. In the present study, the role played by miR-462/731 cluster miRNAs in hypoxia response in Megalobrama amblycephala, an important freshwater fish, was investigated. The M. amblycephala miR-462/731 cluster locus and their 5' flanking sequences were sequenced and analyzed. In M. amblycephala and other teleost fish species, the mature sequences of miR-462 and miR-731 were identical and hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs) were identified upstream of the miR-462/731 loci. The two miRNAs were significantly induced in the liver, spleen, gill, muscle, and brain after hypoxia treatment. The expression of both miRNAs was also upregulated in cells that received treatment which mimicked hypoxia. Furthermore, reporter assay revealed that M. amblycephala HREs can be activated by hypoxia. Taken together, the 462/731 cluster may play a role in the regulation of the hypoxia response in M. amblycephala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Hong Huang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiao Huang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wu
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Tang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Ling Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang CZ. Long intergenic non-coding RNA 668 regulates VEGFA signaling through inhibition of miR-297 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:404-412. [PMID: 28564590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to have crucial regulatory efficiency in human cancer biology. Long intergenic non-coding RNA 668 (LINC00668) was regarded as an oncogene in multiple cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of LINC00668 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been studied. In this study, we first demonstrated that LINC00668 expression was up-regulated, which was correlated with tumor progression, and miR-297 down-regulated in OSCC tissues and cells. Importantly, LINC00668 expression was negatively correlated with miR-297 expression in OSCC tissues. Loss-of-function of LINC00668 revealed that LINC00668 functioned as a ceRNA for miR-297 to facilitate VEGFA expression, promoting OSCC progression. Furthermore, LINC00668 knockdown suppressed tumor growth and reduced the expression of proliferation antigen ki-67 in vivo. Finally, we confirmed that LINC00668 promoted OSCC activity through VEGFA signaling. In conclusion, these results suggest that LINC00668 promotes OSCC tumorigenesis via miR-297/VEGFA axis, which may provide a new target for the diagnosis and therapy of OSCC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Zheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Rd. 237, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China.
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Modulated DISP3/PTCHD2 expression influences neural stem cell fate decisions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41597. [PMID: 28134287 PMCID: PMC5278513 DOI: 10.1038/srep41597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are defined by their dual ability to self-renew through mitotic cell division or differentiate into the varied neural cell types of the CNS. DISP3/PTCHD2 is a sterol-sensing domain-containing protein, highly expressed in neural tissues, whose expression is regulated by thyroid hormone. In the present study, we used a mouse NSC line to investigate what effect DISP3 may have on the self-renewal and/or differentiation potential of the cells. We demonstrated that NSC differentiation triggered significant reduction in DISP3 expression in the resulting astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes. Moreover, when DISP3 expression was disrupted, the NSC "stemness" was suppressed, leading to a larger population of cells undergoing spontaneous neuronal differentiation. Conversely, overexpression of DISP3 resulted in increased NSC proliferation. When NSCs were cultured under differentiation conditions, we observed that the lack of DISP3 augmented the number of NSCs differentiating into each of the neural cell lineages and that neuronal morphology was altered. In contrast, DISP3 overexpression resulted in impaired cell differentiation. Taken together, our findings imply that DISP3 may help dictate the NSC cell fate to either undergo self-renewal or switch to the terminal differentiation cell program.
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25
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Baldanzi G, Bettio V, Malacarne V, Graziani A. Diacylglycerol Kinases: Shaping Diacylglycerol and Phosphatidic Acid Gradients to Control Cell Polarity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:140. [PMID: 27965956 PMCID: PMC5126041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) terminate diacylglycerol (DAG) signaling and promote phosphatidic acid (PA) production. Isoform specific regulation of DGKs activity and localization allows DGKs to shape the DAG and PA gradients. The capacity of DGKs to constrain the areas of DAG signaling is exemplified by their role in defining the contact interface between T cells and antigen presenting cells: the immune synapse. Upon T cell receptor engagement, both DGK α and ζ metabolize DAG at the immune synapse thus constraining DAG signaling. Interestingly, their activity and localization are not fully redundant because DGKζ activity metabolizes the bulk of DAG in the cell, whereas DGKα limits the DAG signaling area localizing specifically at the periphery of the immune synapse. When DGKs terminate DAG signaling, the local PA production defines a new signaling domain, where PA recruits and activates a second wave of effector proteins. The best-characterized example is the role of DGKs in protrusion elongation and cell migration. Indeed, upon growth factor stimulation, several DGK isoforms, such as α, ζ, and γ, are recruited and activated at the plasma membrane. Here, local PA production controls cell migration by finely modulating cytoskeletal remodeling and integrin recycling. Interestingly, DGK-produced PA also controls the localization and activity of key players in cell polarity such as aPKC, Par3, and integrin β1. Thus, T cell polarization and directional migration may be just two instances of the general contribution of DGKs to the definition of cell polarity by local specification of membrane identity signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy; Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune DiseasesNovara, Italy
| | - Valentina Bettio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy; Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune DiseasesNovara, Italy
| | - Valeria Malacarne
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy; Division of Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, University Vita e Salute San RaffaeleMilan, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy; Division of Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, University Vita e Salute San RaffaeleMilan, Italy
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Boroda S, Niccum M, Raje V, Purow BW, Harris TE. Dual activities of ritanserin and R59022 as DGKα inhibitors and serotonin receptor antagonists. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 123:29-39. [PMID: 27974147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKα) catalyzes the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA). Recently, DGKα was identified as a therapeutic target in various cancers, as well as in immunotherapy. Application of small-molecule DGK inhibitors, R59022 and R59949, induces cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo. The pharmacokinetics of these compounds in mice, however, are poor. Thus, there is a need to discover additional DGK inhibitors not only to validate these enzymes as targets in oncology, but also to achieve a better understanding of their biology. In the present study, we investigate the activity of ritanserin, a compound structurally similar to R59022, against DGKα. Ritanserin, originally characterized as a serotonin (5-HT) receptor (5-HTR) antagonist, underwent clinical trials as a potential medicine for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance dependence. We document herein that ritanserin attenuates DGKα kinase activity while increasing the enzyme's affinity for ATP in vitro. In addition, R59022 and ritanserin function as DGKα inhibitors in cultured cells and activate protein kinase C (PKC). While recognizing that ritanserin attenuates DGK activity, we also find that R59022 and R59949 are 5-HTR antagonists. In conclusion, ritanserin, R59022 and R59949 are combined pharmacological inhibitors of DGKα and 5-HTRs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Boroda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Maria Niccum
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Vidisha Raje
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Benjamin W Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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27
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Nowakowski A, Drela K, Rozycka J, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells as an Anti-Cancer Trojan Horse. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1513-1531. [PMID: 27460260 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based gene therapy holds a great promise for the treatment of human malignancy. Among different cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as valuable anti-cancer agents that have the potential to be used to treat a number of different cancer types. They have inherent migratory properties, which allow them to serve as vehicles for delivering effective therapy to isolated tumors and metastases. MSCs have been engineered to express anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic agents that specifically target different cancers. Another field of interest is to modify MSCs with the cytokines that activate pro-tumorigenic immunity or to use them as carriers for the traditional chemical compounds that possess the properties of anti-cancer drugs. Although there is still controversy about the exact function of MSCs in the tumor settings, the encouraging results from the preclinical studies of MSC-based gene therapy for a large number of tumors support the initiation of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nowakowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Drela
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Rozycka
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland .,2 Division of MR Research, Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Sun Y, Zhao J, Yin X, Yuan X, Guo J, Bi J. miR-297 acts as an oncogene by targeting GPC5 in lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:636-43. [PMID: 27554041 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in carcinogenesis of many developing human tumours. However, the functions and mechanisms of miR-297 in lung cancer have, up to now, been largely undefined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, miR-297 expression was measured in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines, using qRT-PCR. Lung adenocarcinoma cell line was treated with an miR-297 mimic. MTT and colony analysis were performed to detect cell proliferation and colony formation. The direct target gene of miR-297 was assessed by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and luciferase assays. RESULTS We demonstrated that miR-297 expression was upregulated in lung adenocarcinomas compared to adjacent normal tissues. Expression of miR-297 was also upregulated in tested lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-297 enhanced lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-297 promoted cell migration and invasion. In addition, we identified Glypican-5 (GPC5) as a direct target gene of miR-297 in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Expression of GPC5 was downregulated in both lung adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines. Moreover, expression of GPC5 was inversely associated with expression of miR-297 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that miR-297 acted as an oncogenic miRNA, partly by targeting GPC5, adenocarcinoma of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchuan Sun
- Department of Radiation and Chemotherapy, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, China
| | - Jianyong Zhao
- Department of Radiation and Chemotherapy, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, China
| | - Xiaoming Yin
- Department of Radiation and Chemotherapy, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, China
| | - Xiangkun Yuan
- Department of Radiation and Chemotherapy, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, China
| | - Jianfei Guo
- Department of Radiation and Chemotherapy, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, China
| | - Jianqiang Bi
- Department of Radiation and Chemotherapy, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, China.
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Abstract
Over the last decade imaging flow cytometry (IFC) has become an established technique, as evidenced by its use in over 500 peer-reviewed scientific articles. Nevertheless, it is still an emerging technique with an installed base of less than 5 % that of conventional flow cytometers. In parallel with its adoption, the technology has evolved rapidly, increasing in speed, sensitivity, and real-time data analysis capacity by over an order of magnitude since its introduction. This chapter summarizes IFC's basic principles of operation and describes the current state of the art.
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30
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Abstract
Among the multiple modes of regulation of gene expression, translational control is arguably the least investigated and understood, and its role in vascular biology and pathobiology is not an exception. Here, we review recent studies that have revealed exciting translational regulatory phenomena and mechanisms involving novel RNA binding proteins and microRNA machinery in vascular biology. From these studies, the importance of translational regulation in angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, and blood pressure maintenance is beginning to emerge. We believe that the recent development of powerful techniques such as ribosome profiling and translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) will motivate and facilitate additional research in these areas.
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31
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Loss of Diacylglycerol Kinase-Ζ Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Survival in Human Gliomas. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5425-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Purow B. Molecular Pathways: Targeting Diacylglycerol Kinase Alpha in Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5008-12. [PMID: 26420856 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipid kinases have largely been neglected as targets in cancer, and an increasing number of reports suggest diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKα) may be one with promising therapeutic potential. DGKα is one of 10 DGK family members that convert diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA), and both DAG and PA are critical lipid second messengers in the plasma membrane. A host of important oncogenic proteins and pathways affect cancer cells in part through DGKα, including the c-Met and VEGF receptors. Others partially mediate the effects of DGKα inhibition in cancer, such as mTOR and HIF-1α. DGKα inhibition can directly impair cancer cell viability, inhibits angiogenesis, and notably may also boost T-cell activation and enhance cancer immunotherapies. Although two structurally similar inhibitors of DGKα were established decades ago, they have seen minimal in vivo usage, and it is unlikely that either of these older DGKα inhibitors will have utility for cancer. An abandoned compound that also inhibits serotonin receptors may have more translational potential as a DGKα inhibitor, but more potent and specific DGKα inhibitors are sorely needed. Other DGK family members may also provide therapeutic targets in cancer, but require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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33
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Merida I, Andrada E, Gharbi SI, Avila-Flores A. Redundant and specialized roles for diacylglycerol kinases and in the control of T cell functions. Sci Signal 2015; 8:re6. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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34
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Xie AX, Petravicz J, McCarthy KD. Molecular approaches for manipulating astrocytic signaling in vivo. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:144. [PMID: 25941472 PMCID: PMC4403552 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the predominant glial type in the central nervous system and play important roles in assisting neuronal function and network activity. Astrocytes exhibit complex signaling systems that are essential for their normal function and the homeostasis of the neural network. Altered signaling in astrocytes is closely associated with neurological and psychiatric diseases, suggesting tremendous therapeutic potential of these cells. To further understand astrocyte function in health and disease, it is important to study astrocytic signaling in vivo. In this review, we discuss molecular tools that enable the selective manipulation of astrocytic signaling, including the tools to selectively activate and inactivate astrocyte signaling in vivo. Lastly, we highlight a few tools in development that present strong potential for advancing our understanding of the role of astrocytes in physiology, behavior, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison X Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy Petravicz
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ken D McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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35
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Seven M, Karatas OF, Duz MB, Ozen M. The role of miRNAs in cancer: from pathogenesis to therapeutic implications. Future Oncol 2014; 10:1027-48. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Cancer is still one of the dominating causes of deaths worldwide, although there have been important enhancements for detection and diagnosis of cancer recently. miRNAs are shown to participate in carcinogenesis of several types of tumors and their aberrant expression of miRNAs has been detected in cell lines, xenografts and clinical samples. miRNAs are thought to target and modulate the expression of more than 60% of human genes, which makes the expressional regulation by miRNAs the most abundant post-transcriptional regulation mode. Here, we have reviewed the most current literature to shed a light on the functions of miRNAs on human carcinogenesis. Possible roles of miRNAs in oncogenesis through both genetic and epigenetic changes occurring during cancer initiation, progression, invasion or metastasis are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Seven
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bugrahan Duz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pathology & Immunology Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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36
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Floyd D, Purow B. Micro-masters of glioblastoma biology and therapy: increasingly recognized roles for microRNAs. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:622-7. [PMID: 24723563 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs encoded in eukaryotic genomes that have been found to play critical roles in most biological processes, including cancer. This is true for glioblastoma, the most common and lethal primary brain tumor, for which microRNAs have been shown to strongly influence cell viability, stem cell characteristics, invasiveness, angiogenesis, metabolism, and immune evasion. Developing microRNAs as prognostic markers or as therapeutic agents is showing increasing promise and has potential to reach the clinic in the next several years. This succinct review summarizes current progress and future directions in this exciting and steadily expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Floyd
- Neurology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.F. and B.P.)
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37
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Rossbach O, Hung LH, Khrameeva E, Schreiner S, König J, Curk T, Zupan B, Ule J, Gelfand MS, Bindereif A. Crosslinking-immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) analysis reveals global regulatory roles of hnRNP L. RNA Biol 2014; 11:146-55. [PMID: 24526010 DOI: 10.4161/rna.27991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP L) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein that is involved in many different processes, such as regulation of transcription, translation, and RNA stability. We have previously characterized hnRNP L as a global regulator of alternative splicing, binding to CA-repeat, and CA-rich RNA elements. Interestingly, hnRNP L can both activate and repress splicing of alternative exons, but the precise mechanism of hnRNP L-mediated splicing regulation remained unclear. To analyze activities of hnRNP L on a genome-wide level, we performed individual-nucleotide resolution crosslinking-immunoprecipitation in combination with deep-sequencing (iCLIP-Seq). Sequence analysis of the iCLIP crosslink sites showed significant enrichment of C/A motifs, which perfectly agrees with the in vitro binding consensus obtained earlier by a SELEX approach, indicating that in vivo hnRNP L binding targets are mainly determined by the RNA-binding activity of the protein. Genome-wide mapping of hnRNP L binding revealed that the protein preferably binds to introns and 3' UTR. Additionally, position-dependent splicing regulation by hnRNP L was demonstrated: The protein represses splicing when bound to intronic regions upstream of alternative exons, and in contrast, activates splicing when bound to the downstream intron. These findings shed light on the longstanding question of differential hnRNP L-mediated splicing regulation. Finally, regarding 3' UTR binding, hnRNP L binding preferentially overlaps with predicted microRNA target sites, indicating global competition between hnRNP L and microRNA binding. Translational regulation by hnRNP L was validated for a subset of predicted target 3'UTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Rossbach
- Institute of Biochemistry; University of Giessen; Giessen, Germany
| | - Lee-Hsueh Hung
- Institute of Biochemistry; University of Giessen; Giessen, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Khrameeva
- Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow, Russia; Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia
| | - Silke Schreiner
- Institute of Biochemistry; University of Giessen; Giessen, Germany
| | - Julian König
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB); Mainz, Germany; Institute of Neurology; University College London; London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomaž Curk
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Zupan
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Ule
- Institute of Neurology; University College London; London, United Kingdom
| | - Mikhail S Gelfand
- Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow, Russia; Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia
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Kim J, Zhang Y, Skalski M, Hayes J, Kefas B, Schiff D, Purow B, Parsons S, Lawler S, Abounader R. microRNA-148a is a prognostic oncomiR that targets MIG6 and BIM to regulate EGFR and apoptosis in glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1541-53. [PMID: 24425048 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Great interest persists in useful prognostic and therapeutic targets in glioblastoma. In this study, we report the definition of miRNA (miR)-148a as a novel prognostic oncomiR in glioblastoma. miR-148a expression was elevated in human glioblastoma specimens, cell lines, and stem cells (GSC) compared with normal human brain and astrocytes. High levels were a risk indicator for glioblastoma patient survival. Functionally, miR-148a expression increased cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion in glioblastoma cells and GSCs and promoted GSC neurosphere formation. Two direct targets of miR-148a were identified, the EGF receptor (EGFR) regulator MIG6 and the apoptosis regulator BIM, which rescue experiments showed were essential to mediate the oncogenic activity of miR-148a. By inhibiting MIG6 expression, miR-148a reduced EGFR trafficking to Rab7-expressing compartments, which includes late endosomes and lysosomes. This process coincided with reduced degradation and elevated expression and activation of EGFR. Finally, inhibition of miR-148a strongly suppressed GSC and glioblastoma xenograft growth in vivo. Taken together, our findings provide a comprehensive analysis of the prognostic value and oncogenic function of miR-148a in glioblastoma, further defining it as a potential target for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Kim
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, Neurology, and Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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