1
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Luo S, Hu Q, Jiang B, Zhang Z, Sun D. Bioinformatics analysis for constructing a cellular senescence-related age-related macular degeneration diagnostic model and identifying relevant disease subtypes to guide treatment. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8044-8069. [PMID: 38742956 PMCID: PMC11131993 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition causing progressive central vision loss. Growing evidence suggests a link between cellular senescence and AMD. However, the exact mechanism by which cellular senescence leads to AMD remains unclear. Employing machine learning, we established an AMD diagnostic model. Through unsupervised clustering, two distinct AMD subtypes were identified. GO, KEGG, and GSVA analyses explored the diverse biological functions associated with the two subtypes. By WGCNA, we constructed a coexpression network of differential genes between the subtypes, revealing the regulatory role of hub genes at the level of transcription factors and miRNAs. We identified 5 genes associated with inflammation for the construction of the AMD diagnostic model. Additionally, we observed that the level of cellular senescence and pathways related to programmed cell death (PCD), such as ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, exhibited higher expression levels in subtype B than A. Immune microenvironments also differed between the subtypes, indicating potentially distinct pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. In summary, by leveraging cellular senescence-associated gene expression, we developed an AMD diagnostic model. Furthermore, we identified two subtypes with varying expression patterns of senescence genes, revealing their differential roles in programmed cell death, disease progression, and immune microenvironments within AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dawei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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2
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Panina SB, Schweer JV, Zhang Q, Raina G, Hardtke HA, Kim S, Yang W, Siegel D, Zhang YJ. Targeting of REST with rationally-designed small molecule compounds exhibits synergetic therapeutic potential in human glioblastoma cells. BMC Biol 2024; 22:83. [PMID: 38609948 PMCID: PMC11015551 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer associated with poor prognosis, intrinsic heterogeneity, plasticity, and therapy resistance. In some GBMs, cell proliferation is fueled by a transcriptional regulator, repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST). RESULTS Using CRISPR/Cas9, we identified GBM cell lines dependent on REST activity. We developed new small molecule inhibitory compounds targeting small C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (SCP1) to reduce REST protein level and transcriptional activity in glioblastoma cells. Top leads of the series like GR-28 exhibit potent cytotoxicity, reduce REST protein level, and suppress its transcriptional activity. Upon the loss of REST protein, GBM cells can potentially compensate by rewiring fatty acid metabolism, enabling continued proliferation. Combining REST inhibition with the blockade of this compensatory adaptation using long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor Triacsin C demonstrated substantial synergetic potential without inducing hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the efficacy and selectivity of targeting REST alone or in combination as a therapeutic strategy to combat high-REST GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana B Panina
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Joshua V Schweer
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive 0741, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gaurav Raina
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive 0741, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Haley A Hardtke
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Seungjin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Wanjie Yang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive 0741, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Y Jessie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Austin, TX, USA.
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3
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Subedi A, Tiwari A, Etemad AF, Huang Y, Chatterjee B, McLeod SL, Lu Y, Gonzalez D, Ghosh K, Singh SK, Ruiz Echartea ME, Grimm SL, Coarfa C, Pan HL, Majumder S. Nerve injury inhibits Oprd1 and Cnr1 transcription through REST in primary sensory neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.17.579842. [PMID: 38585789 PMCID: PMC10996832 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.17.579842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The transcription repressor REST in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is upregulated by peripheral nerve injury and promotes the development of chronic pain. However, the genes targeted by REST in neuropathic pain development remain unclear. The expression levels of 4 opioid receptor (Oprm1, Oprd1, Oprl1, Oprk1) and the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (Cnr1) genes in the DRG regulate nociception. In this study, we determined the role of REST in the control of their expression in the DRG induced by spared nerve injury (SNI) in both male and female mice. Transcriptomic analyses of male mouse DRGs followed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses of both male and female mouse DRGs showed that SNI upregulated expression of Rest and downregulated mRNA levels of all 4 opioid receptor and Cnr1 genes, but Oprm1 was upregulated in female mice. Analysis of publicly available bioinformatic data suggested that REST binds to the promoter regions of Oprm1 and Cnr1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses indicated differing levels of REST at these promoters in male and female mice. Full-length Rest conditional knockout in primary sensory neurons reduced SNI-induced pain hypersensitivity and rescued the SNI-induced reduction in the expression of Oprd1 and Cnr1 in the DRG in both male and female mice. Our results suggest that nerve injury represses the transcription of Oprd1 and Cnr1 via REST in primary sensory neurons and that REST is a potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.
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Rajabi A, Kayedi M, Rahimi S, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Homayoonfal M, Mahdian SMA, Hamblin MR, Tamtaji OR, Afrasiabi A, Jafari A, Mirzaei H. Non-coding RNAs and glioma: Focus on cancer stem cells. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 27:100-123. [PMID: 36321132 PMCID: PMC9593299 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma and gliomas can have a wide range of histopathologic subtypes. These heterogeneous histologic phenotypes originate from tumor cells with the distinct functions of tumorigenesis and self-renewal, called glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are characterized based on multi-layered epigenetic mechanisms, which control the expression of many genes. This epigenetic regulatory mechanism is often based on functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs have become increasingly important in the pathogenesis of human cancer and work as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate carcinogenesis and progression. These RNAs by being involved in chromatin remodeling and modification, transcriptional regulation, and alternative splicing of pre-mRNA, as well as mRNA stability and protein translation, play a key role in tumor development and progression. Numerous studies have been performed to try to understand the dysregulation pattern of these ncRNAs in tumors and cancer stem cells (CSCs), which show robust differentiation and self-regeneration capacity. This review provides recent findings on the role of ncRNAs in glioma development and progression, particularly their effects on CSCs, thus accelerating the clinical implementation of ncRNAs as promising tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Kayedi
- Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Rahimi
- School of Medicine,Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amin Mahdian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Afrasiabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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5
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Xu J, Zheng Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Wang X, Li Y, Chi G. miR-124: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Central Nervous System Injuries and Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:2031-2053. [PMID: 33886036 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system injuries and diseases, such as ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative diseases, glioblastoma, multiple sclerosis, and the resulting neuroinflammation often lead to death or long-term disability. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression in both physiological and pathological cellular processes, including central nervous system injuries and disorders. Studies on miR-124, one of the most abundant microRNAs in the central nervous system, have shown that its dysregulation is related to the occurrence and development of pathology within the central nervous system. Herein, we review the molecular regulatory functions, underlying mechanisms, and effective delivery methods of miR-124 in the central nervous system, where it is involved in pathological conditions. The review also provides novel insights into the therapeutic target potential of miR-124 in the treatment of human central nervous system injuries or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjia Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xishu Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Wang Z, Zhang C, Xu X, Xu J, Ren H, Shao X, Zhen X, Zhang L, Yu Y. Comprehensive Analysis of REST/NRSF Gene in Glioma and Its ceRNA Network Identification. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:739624. [PMID: 34859007 PMCID: PMC8631926 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.739624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to clarify the clinical relationship between REST/NRSF expression and the prognosis of glioma and explore the REST-associated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in glioma. We downloaded RNA-seq, miRNA-seq and correlated clinical data of 670 glioma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas and analyzed the correlation between REST expression, clinical characteristics and prognosis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with DESeq2 and analyzed with Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) using the Profiler package. Starbase was used to explore the regulatory interaction between REST and miRNAs or LncRNAs. The lncRNA-miRNA-REST ceRNA network was constructed with Cytoscape. RT-qPCR, WB, CCK8, wound-healing, and luciferase assays were performed to validate the ceRNA network. Results showed that REST expression was significantly higher in glioma patients than normal samples. Higher REST expression was significantly associated with worse overall survival, progression-free interval, and worse disease-specific survival in glioma patients. The DEGs of mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA were identified, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed. Finally, REST-associated ceRNA networks, including NR2F2-AS1-miR129-REST and HOTAIRM1-miR137-REST, were experimentally validated. Thus, REST may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in glioma, and its regulatory network validated in this study may provide insights into glioma's molecular regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zai Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanpeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxiang Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueke Zhen
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbing Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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7
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Serpe C, Monaco L, Relucenti M, Iovino L, Familiari P, Scavizzi F, Raspa M, Familiari G, Civiero L, D’Agnano I, Limatola C, Catalano M. Microglia-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Reduce Glioma Growth by Modifying Tumor Cell Metabolism and Enhancing Glutamate Clearance through miR-124. Cells 2021; 10:2066. [PMID: 34440835 PMCID: PMC8393731 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain homeostasis needs continuous exchange of intercellular information among neurons, glial cells, and immune cells, namely microglial cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are active players of this process. All the cells of the body, including the brain, release at least two subtypes of EVs, the medium/large EVs (m/lEVs) and small EVs (sEVs). sEVs released by microglia play an important role in brain patrolling in physio-pathological processes. One of the most common and malignant forms of brain cancer is glioblastoma. Altered intercellular communications constitute a base for the onset and the development of the disease. In this work, we used microglia-derived sEVs to assay their effects in vitro on murine glioma cells and in vivo in a glioma model on C57BL6/N mice. Our findings indicated that sEVs carry messages to cancer cells that modify glioma cell metabolism, reducing lactate, nitric oxide (NO), and glutamate (Glu) release. sEVs affect Glu homeostasis, increasing the expression of Glu transporter Glt-1 on astrocytes. We demonstrated that these effects are mediated by miR-124 contained in microglia-released sEVs. The in vivo benefit of microglia-derived sEVs results in a significantly reduced tumor mass and an increased survival of glioma-bearing mice, depending on miR-124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Serpe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Lucia Monaco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Ludovica Iovino
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.I.); (L.C.)
| | - Pietro Familiari
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (F.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (F.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Laura Civiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.I.); (L.C.)
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy
| | - Igea D’Agnano
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, CNR, 20054 Segrate, Italy;
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Myriam Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (L.M.)
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8
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Tumor Suppressive Effects of miR-124 and Its Function in Neuronal Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115919. [PMID: 34072894 PMCID: PMC8198231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is strongly expressed in neurons, and its expression increases as neurons mature. Through DNA methylation in the miR-124 promoter region and adsorption of miR-124 by non-coding RNAs, miR-124 expression is known to be reduced in many cancer cells, especially with high malignancy. Recently, numerous studies have focused on miR-124 due to its promising tumor-suppressive effects; however, the overview of their results is unclear. We surveyed the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-124 in glial cell lineage cancers, which are the most frequently reported cancer types involving miR-124, and in lung, colon, liver, stomach, and breast cancers, which are the top five causes of cancer death. Reportedly, miR-124 not only inhibits proliferation and accelerates apoptosis, but also comprehensively suppresses tumor malignant transformation. Moreover, we found that miR-124 exerts its anti-tumor effects by regulating a wide range of target genes, most notably STAT3 and EZH2. In addition, when compared to the original role of miR-124 in neuronal development, we found that the miR-124 target genes that contribute to neuronal maturation share similarities with genes that cause cancer cell metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We believe that the two apparently unrelated fields, cancer and neuronal development, can bring new discoveries to each other through the study of miR-124.
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9
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Marisetty A, Wei J, Kong LY, Ott M, Fang D, Sabbagh A, Heimberger AB. MiR-181 Family Modulates Osteopontin in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123813. [PMID: 33348707 PMCID: PMC7765845 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary MicroRNAs can silence a broad set of target genes that may benefit heterogeneous tumors like glioblastoma. We have previously shown that osteopontin has an oncogenic role and may have immune modulatory effects on macrophages. In the current study, we used miRNAs to target osteopontin in tumor cells and modulate immune cells to elicit an antitumor effect. Intravenous delivery of miR-181a to immune competent mice bearing intracranial glioblastoma demonstrated a 22% increase in median survival duration relative to that of control mice. The overexpression of miR-181a in tumor cells led to decreased OPN production and proliferation and increased apoptosis in vitro, and increased survival duration of the mice when compared to its controls. miR-181a controls osteopontin expression in tumor cells by regulating their proliferation and apoptosis. Abstract MiRNAs can silence a wide range of genes, which may be an advantage for targeting heterogenous tumors like glioblastoma. Osteopontin (OPN) plays both an oncogenic role in a variety of cancers and can immune modulate macrophages. We conducted a genome wide profiling and bioinformatic analysis to identify miR-181a/b/c/d as potential miRNAs that target OPN. Luciferase assays confirmed the binding potential of miRNAs to OPN. Expression levels of miR-181a/b/c/d and OPN were evaluated by using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in mouse and human glioblastomas and macrophages that showed these miRNAs were downregulated in Glioblastoma associated CD11b+ cells compared to their matched blood CD14b+ cells. miRNA mimicking and overexpression using lentiviruses showed that MiR-181a overexpression in glioblastoma cells led to decreased OPN production and proliferation and increased apoptosis in vitro. MiR-181a treatment of immune competent mice bearing intracranial glioblastoma demonstrated a 22% increase in median survival duration relative to that of control mice.
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10
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Marisetty AL, Lu L, Veo BL, Liu B, Coarfa C, Kamal MM, Kassem DH, Irshad K, Lu Y, Gumin J, Henry V, Paulucci-Holthauzen A, Rao G, Baladandayuthapani V, Lang FF, Fuller GN, Majumder S. REST-DRD2 mechanism impacts glioblastoma stem cell-mediated tumorigenesis. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:775-785. [PMID: 30953587 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal, heterogeneous human brain tumor, with regulatory mechanisms that have yet to be fully characterized. Previous studies have indicated that the transcriptional repressor REST (repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor) regulates the oncogenic potential of GBM stem cells (GSCs) based on level of expression. However, how REST performs its regulatory role is not well understood. METHODS We examined 2 independent high REST (HR) GSC lines using genome-wide assays, biochemical validations, gene knockdown analysis, and mouse tumor models. We analyzed in-house patient tumors and patient data present in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS Genome-wide transcriptome and DNA-binding analyses suggested the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene, a dominant regulator of neurotransmitter signaling, as a direct target of REST. Biochemical analyses and mouse intracranial tumor models using knockdown of REST and double knockdown of REST and DRD2 validated this target and suggested that DRD2 is a downstream target of REST regulating tumorigenesis, at least in part, through controlling invasion and apoptosis. Further, TCGA GBM data support the presence of the REST-DRD2 axis and reveal that high REST/low DRD2 (HRLD) and low REST/high DRD2 (LRHD) tumors are specific subtypes, are molecularly different from the known GBM subtypes, and represent functional groups with distinctive patterns of enrichment of gene sets and biological pathways. The inverse HRLD/LRHD expression pattern is also seen in in-house GBM tumors. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that REST regulates neurotransmitter signaling pathways through DRD2 in HR-GSCs to impact tumorigenesis. They further suggest that the REST-DRD2 mechanism forms distinct subtypes of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantha L Marisetty
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bethany L Veo
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mohamed Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dina Hamada Kassem
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Khushboo Irshad
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yungang Lu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joy Gumin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Verlene Henry
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gregory N Fuller
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sadhan Majumder
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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11
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REST overexpression in mice causes deficits in spontaneous locomotion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12083. [PMID: 30108242 PMCID: PMC6092433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of REST has been implicated in brain tumors, ischemic insults, epilepsy, and movement disorders such as Huntington’s disease. However, owing to the lack of a conditional REST overexpression animal model, the mechanism of action of REST overexpression in these disorders has not been established in vivo. We created a REST overexpression mouse model using the human REST (hREST) gene. Our results using these mice confirm that hREST expression parallels endogenous REST expression in embryonic mouse brains. Further analyses indicate that REST represses the dopamine receptor 2 (Drd2) gene, which encodes a critical nigrostriatal receptor involved in regulating movement, in vivo. Overexpression of REST using Drd2-Cre in adult mice results in increased REST and decreased DRD2 expression in the striatum, a major site of DRD2 expression, and phenocopies the spontaneous locomotion deficits seen upon global DRD2 deletion or specific DRD2 deletion from indirect-pathway medium spiny neurons. Thus, our studies using this mouse model not only reveal a new function of REST in regulating spontaneous locomotion but also suggest that REST overexpression in DRD2-expressing cells results in spontaneous locomotion deficits.
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Shaik S, Kennis B, Maegawa S, Schadler K, Yanwen Y, Callegari K, Lulla RR, Goldman S, Nazarian J, Rajaram V, Fangusaro J, Gopalakrishnan V. REST upregulates gremlin to modulate diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma vasculature. Oncotarget 2018; 9:5233-5250. [PMID: 29435175 PMCID: PMC5797046 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a highly aggressive glial tumor that occurs in children. The extremely poor median and 5-year survival in children afflicted with DIPG highlights the need for novel biology-driven therapeutics. Here, we have implicated the chromatin remodeler and regulator of brain development called RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST), in DIPG pathology. We show that REST protein is aberrantly elevated in at least 21% of DIPG tumors compared to normal controls. Its knockdown in DIPG cell lines diminished cell growth and decreased their tumorigenicity in mouse intracranial models. DIPGs are vascularized tumors and interestingly, REST loss in DIPG cells also caused a substantial decline in tumor vasculature as measured by a decrease in CD31 and VEGFR2 staining. These observations were validated in vitro, where a significant decline in tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was seen following REST-loss in DIPG cells. Mechanistically, REST controlled the secretion of a pro-angiogenic molecule and ligand for VEGFR2 called Gremlin-1 (GREM-1), and was associated with enhanced AKT activation. Importantly, the decline in tube formation caused by REST loss could be rescued by addition of recombinant GREM-1, which also caused AKT activation in HUVECs and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). In summary, our study is the first to demonstrate autocrine and paracrine functions for REST in DIPG development. It also provides the foundation for future investigations on anti-angiogenic therapies targeting GREM-1 in combination with drugs that target REST-associated chromatin remodeling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavali Shaik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bridget Kennis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shinji Maegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keri Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Yanwen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keri Callegari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rishi R. Lulla
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stewart Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Veena Rajaram
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jason Fangusaro
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Mukohyama J, Shimono Y, Minami H, Kakeji Y, Suzuki A. Roles of microRNAs and RNA-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100143. [PMID: 29064439 PMCID: PMC5664082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the initiation, progression and metastasis of human colorectal cancers, and have been characterized by the expression of cell surface markers, such as CD44, CD133, CD166 and LGR5. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed between CSCs and non-tumorigenic cancer cells, and play important roles in the maintenance and regulation of stem cell properties of CSCs. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging epigenetic regulators of various RNA processing events, such as splicing, localization, stabilization and translation, and can regulate various types of stem cells. In this review, we summarize current evidences on the roles of miRNA and RBPs in the regulation of colorectal CSCs. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of human colorectal CSCs will help to develop biomarkers for colorectal cancers and to identify targets for CSC-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Mukohyama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine (Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases) and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC), Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
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