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Chauveau F, Winkeler A, Chalon S, Boutin H, Becker G. PET imaging of neuroinflammation: any credible alternatives to TSPO yet? Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02656-9. [PMID: 38997465 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decades, the role of neuroinflammation in neuropsychiatric conditions has attracted an exponentially growing interest. A key driver for this trend was the ability to image brain inflammation in vivo using PET radioligands targeting the Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO), which is known to be expressed in activated microglia and astrocytes upon inflammatory events as well as constitutively in endothelial cells. TSPO is a mitochondrial protein that is expressed mostly by microglial cells upon activation but is also expressed by astrocytes in some conditions and constitutively by endothelial cells. Therefore, our current understanding of neuroinflammation dynamics is hampered by the lack of alternative targets available for PET imaging. We performed a systematic search and review on radiotracers developed for neuroinflammation PET imaging apart from TSPO. The following targets of interest were identified through literature screening (including previous narrative reviews): P2Y12R, P2X7R, CSF1R, COX (microglial targets), MAO-B, I2BS (astrocytic targets), CB2R & S1PRs (not specific of a single cell type). We determined the level of development and provided a scoping review for each target. Strikingly, astrocytic biomarker MAO-B has progressed in clinical investigations the furthest, while few radiotracers (notably targeting S1P1Rs, CSF1R) are being implemented in clinical investigations. Other targets such as CB2R and P2X7R have proven disappointing in clinical studies (e.g. poor signal, lack of changes in disease conditions, etc.). While astrocytic targets are promising, development of new biomarkers and tracers specific for microglial activation has proven challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Chauveau
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, BIORAN, Groupement Hospitalier Est - CERMEP, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron, Cedex, France
| | - Alexandra Winkeler
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du général Leclerc, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours - INSERM, Bâtiment Planiol, UFR de Médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, Cedex 01, France
| | - Hervé Boutin
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours - INSERM, Bâtiment Planiol, UFR de Médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, Cedex 01, France.
| | - Guillaume Becker
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, BIORAN, Groupement Hospitalier Est - CERMEP, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron, Cedex, France
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex, France
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Chen C, Han P, Qing Y. Metabolic heterogeneity in tumor microenvironment - A novel landmark for immunotherapy. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103579. [PMID: 39004158 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The surrounding non-cancer cells and tumor cells that make up the tumor microenvironment (TME) have various metabolic rhythms. TME metabolic heterogeneity is influenced by the intricate network of metabolic control within and between cells. DNA, protein, transport, and microbial levels are important regulators of TME metabolic homeostasis. The effectiveness of immunotherapy is also closely correlated with alterations in TME metabolism. The response of a tumor patient to immunotherapy is influenced by a variety of variables, including intracellular metabolic reprogramming, metabolic interaction between cells, ecological changes within and between tumors, and general dietary preferences. Although immunotherapy and targeted therapy have made great strides, their use in the accurate identification and treatment of tumors still has several limitations. The function of TME metabolic heterogeneity in tumor immunotherapy is summarized in this article. It focuses on how metabolic heterogeneity develops and is regulated as a tumor progresses, the precise molecular mechanisms and potential clinical significance of imbalances in intracellular metabolic homeostasis and intercellular metabolic coupling and interaction, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of targeted metabolism used in conjunction with immunotherapy. This offers insightful knowledge and important implications for individualized tumor patient diagnosis and treatment plans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Han
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yanping Qing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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Mendes CB, da Rocha LS, de Carvalho Fraga CA, Ximenes-da-Silva A. Homeostatic status of thyroid hormones and brain water movement as determinant factors in biology of cerebral gliomas: a pilot study using a bioinformatics approach. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1349421. [PMID: 38476871 PMCID: PMC10927765 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1349421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The expression and localization of the water channel transporters, aquaporins (AQPs), in the brain are substantially modified in gliomas during tumorigenesis, cell migration, edema formation, and resolution. We hypothesized that the molecular changes associated with AQP1 and AQP4 in the brain may potentially be anticancer therapeutic targets. To test this hypothesis, a bioinformatics analysis of publicly available data from international consortia was performed. Methods We used RNA-seq as an experimental strategy and identified the number of differential AQP1 and AQP4 transcript expressions in glioma tissue compared to normal brain tissue. Results AQPs genes are overexpressed in patients with glioma. Among the glioma subtypes, AQP1 and AQP4 were overexpressed in astrocytoma (low-grade glioma) and classical (high-grade glioma). Overall survival analysis demonstrated that both AQP genes can be used as prognostic factors for patients with low-grade glioma. Additionally, we observed a correlation between the expression of genes involved in the tyrosine and thyroid hormone pathways and AQPs, namely: PNMT, ALDH1A3, AOC2, HGDATP1B1, ADCY5, PLCB4, ITPR1, ATP1A3, LRP2, HDAC1, MED24, MTOR, and ACTB1 (Spearman's coefficient = geq 0.20 and p-value = ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicate that the thyroid hormone pathways and AQPs 1 and 4 are potential targets for new anti-tumor drugs and therapeutic biomarkers for malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelita Bastos Mendes
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Metabolismo Cerebral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Lanni Sarmento da Rocha
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Metabolismo Cerebral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Ximenes-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Metabolismo Cerebral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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Harris WJ, Asselin MC, Hinz R, Parkes LM, Allan S, Schiessl I, Boutin H, Dickie BR. In vivo methods for imaging blood-brain barrier function and dysfunction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1051-1083. [PMID: 36437425 PMCID: PMC9931809 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the interface between the central nervous system and systemic circulation. It tightly regulates what enters and is removed from the brain parenchyma and is fundamental in maintaining brain homeostasis. Increasingly, the BBB is recognised as having a significant role in numerous neurological disorders, ranging from acute disorders (traumatic brain injury, stroke, seizures) to chronic neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, small vessel disease). Numerous approaches have been developed to study the BBB in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. The complex multicellular structure and effects of disease are difficult to recreate accurately in vitro, and functional aspects of the BBB cannot be easily studied ex vivo. As such, the value of in vivo methods to study the intact BBB cannot be overstated. This review discusses the structure and function of the BBB and how these are affected in diseases. It then discusses in depth several established and novel methods for imaging the BBB in vivo, with a focus on MRI, nuclear imaging, and high-resolution intravital fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William James Harris
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Marie-Claude Asselin
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rainer Hinz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Michelle Parkes
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart Allan
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Ingo Schiessl
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Herve Boutin
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ben Robert Dickie
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Martucci M, Russo R, Schimperna F, D’Apolito G, Panfili M, Grimaldi A, Perna A, Ferranti AM, Varcasia G, Giordano C, Gaudino S. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Primary Adult Brain Tumors: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:364. [PMID: 36830900 PMCID: PMC9953338 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MRI is undoubtedly the cornerstone of brain tumor imaging, playing a key role in all phases of patient management, starting from diagnosis, through therapy planning, to treatment response and/or recurrence assessment. Currently, neuroimaging can describe morphologic and non-morphologic (functional, hemodynamic, metabolic, cellular, microstructural, and sometimes even genetic) characteristics of brain tumors, greatly contributing to diagnosis and follow-up. Knowing the technical aspects, strength and limits of each MR technique is crucial to correctly interpret MR brain studies and to address clinicians to the best treatment strategy. This article aimed to provide an overview of neuroimaging in the assessment of adult primary brain tumors. We started from the basilar role of conventional/morphological MR sequences, then analyzed, one by one, the non-morphological techniques, and finally highlighted future perspectives, such as radiomics and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matia Martucci
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosellina Russo
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella D’Apolito
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Panfili
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grimaldi
- Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Perna
- Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Varcasia
- Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Giordano
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Gaudino
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Bai Y, Liu T, Chen L, Gao H, Wei W, Zhang G, Wang L, Kong L, Liu S, Liu H, Roberts N, Wang M. Study of Diffusion Weighted Imaging Derived Diffusion Parameters as Biomarkers for the Microenvironment in Gliomas. Front Oncol 2021; 11:672265. [PMID: 34712604 PMCID: PMC8546342 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.672265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the efficacy of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)-derived metrics under different models as surrogate indicators for molecular biomarkers and tumor microenvironment in gliomas. Methods A retrospective study was performed for 41 patients with gliomas. The standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCst) and ADC under ultra-high b values (ADCuh) (b values: 2500 to 5000 s/mm2) were calculated based on monoexponential model. The fraction of fast diffusion (f), pseudo ADC (ADCfast) and true ADC (ADCslow) were calculated by bi-exponential model (b values: 0 to 2000 s/mm2). The apparent diffusional kurtosis (Kapp) was derived from the simplified diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) model (b values: 200 to 3000 s/mm2). Potential correlations between DWI parameters and immunohistological indices (i.e. Aquaporin (AQP)1, AQP4, AQP9 and Ki-67) were investigated and DWI parameters were compared between high- and low-grade gliomas, and between tumor center and peritumor. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to determine the performance of independent or combined DWI parameters in grading gliomas. Results The ADCslow and ADCuh at tumor center showed a stronger correlation with Ki-67 than other DWI metrics. The ADCst, ADCslow and ADCuh at tumor center presented correlations with AQP1 and AQP4 while AQP9 did not correlate with any DWI metric. Kapp showed a correlation with Ki-67 while no significant correlation with AQPs. ADCst (p < 0.001) and ADCslow (p = 0.001) were significantly lower while the ADCuh (p = 0.006) and Kapp (p = 0.005) were significantly higher in the high-grade than in the low-grade gliomas. ADCst, f, ADCfast, ADCslow, ADCuh, Kapp at the tumor center had significant differences with those in peritumor when the gliomas grade became high (p < 0.05). Involving ADCuh and Kapp simultaneously into an independent ADCst model (AUC = 0.833) could further improve the grading performance (ADCst+ADCuh+Kapp: AUC = 0.923). Conclusion Different DWI metrics fitted within different b-value ranges (low to ultra-high b values) have different efficacies as a surrogate indicator for molecular expression or microstructural complexity in gliomas. Further studies are needed to better explain the biological meanings of these DWI parameters in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Taiyuan Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Kong
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyun Liu
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, General Electric (GE) Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, General Electric (GE) Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Neil Roberts
- The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Dasdelen D, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. Aquaporins and Roles in Brain Health and Brain Injury. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:498-512. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191018142007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the literature screening, aquaporins were found in the cerebral structures including the pia mater, choroid plexus, ependyma, piriform cortex, hippocampus, dorsal thalamus, supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei, white matter and subcortical organ. Among these, the most common are AQP1, AQP4, and AQP9. The roles of aquaporins have been demonstrated in several diseases such as cerebral edema, various central nervous system tumors, Alzheimer’s Disease and epilepsy. In this review, the relationship between brain/brain-injury and aquaporin, has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dervis Dasdelen
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Suzuki Y, Kitaura H, Nakamura Y, Kakita A, Huber VJ, Capozzoli N, Kwee IL, Nakada T. Skull diploë is rich in aquaporin-4. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03259. [PMID: 32042979 PMCID: PMC7002819 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water conducting membrane integral protein channel which is widely expressed in the astrocyte system of the brain. During the development of the AQP4 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent [11C]TGN-020 (N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)pyridine-3-[11C]-carboxamide), significant radioligand uptake was observed in the skull, where there was no known distribution of any aquaporin family proteins. Herein we confirmed via a newly developed method for bone-tissue immunohistology, a hitherto unrecognized distribution of AQP4, and not AQP1, in the skull. Other bony structures, by contrast, showed virtually no uptake of [11C]TGN-020, and likewise, do not express either AQP4 or AQP1. Immunohistological analysis demonstrated that the AQP4 expression in the skull is restricted to the diploë. Consequently, we suspect AQP4 plays a pivotal role in the formation and maintenance of yellow marrow and the diploë. However, elucidating the exact nature of that role will require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Suzuki
- Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kitaura
- Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukimi Nakamura
- Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Japan
| | - Vincent J Huber
- Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Ingrid L Kwee
- Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Japan.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Tsutomu Nakada
- Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Japan.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, USA
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