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Tang J, Wu L, Fan X, Dong X, Li X, Xie Y, Li J, Rao J, Li T, Gan W. Superstrong, sustainable, origami wood paper enabled by dual-phase nanostructure regulation in cell walls. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado5142. [PMID: 39058784 PMCID: PMC11277399 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Constructing a crystalline-amorphous hybrid structure is an effective strategy to overcome the conflict between the strength and toughness of materials. However, achieving such a material structure often involves complex, energy-intensive processing. Here, we leverage the natural wood featuring coexisting crystalline and amorphous regions to achieve superstrong and ultratough wood paper (W-paper) via a dual-phase nanostructure regulation strategy. After partially removing amorphous hemicellulose and eliminating most lignin, the treated wood can self-densify through an energy-efficient air drying, resulting in a W-paper with high tensile strength, toughness, and folding endurance. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations reveal the underlying deformation mechanism of the crystalline and amorphous regions inside cell walls and the failure mechanism of the W-paper under tension. Life cycle assessment reveals that W-paper shows a lower environmental impact than commercial paper and common plastics. This dual-phase nanostructure regulation based on natural wood may provide valuable insights for developing high-performance and sustainable film materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Lianping Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xueqin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xueqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yanjun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jiancun Rao
- AIM Lab, Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Wentao Gan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
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2
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Yin J, Yan Y, Miao M, Tang J, Jiang J, Liu H, Chen Y, Chen Y, Lyu F, Mao Z, He Y, Wan L, Zhou B, Lu J. Diamond with Sp 2-Sp 3 composite phase for thermometry at Millikelvin temperatures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3871. [PMID: 38719862 PMCID: PMC11079005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Temperature is one of the seven fundamental physical quantities. The ability to measure temperatures approaching absolute zero has driven numerous advances in low-temperature physics and quantum physics. Currently, millikelvin temperatures and below are measured through the characterization of a certain thermal state of the system as there is no traditional thermometer capable of measuring temperatures at such low levels. In this study, we develop a kind of diamond with sp2-sp3 composite phase to tackle this problem. The synthesized composite phase diamond (CPD) exhibits a negative temperature coefficient, providing an excellent fit across a broad temperature range, and reaching a temperature measurement limit of 1 mK. Additionally, the CPD demonstrates low magnetic field sensitivity and excellent thermal stability, and can be fabricated into probes down to 1 micron in diameter, making it a promising candidate for the manufacture of next-generation cryogenic temperature sensors. This development is significant for the low-temperature physics researches, and can help facilitate the transition of quantum computing, quantum simulation, and other related technologies from research to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Yin
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Yan
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mulin Miao
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayin Tang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinxian Chen
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fucong Lyu
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengyi Mao
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yunhu He
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wan
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- China Resources Research Institute of Science and Technology Co, Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Binbin Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Lu
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenzhen, China.
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3
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Gou H. Microstructural landscape of amorphous carbon. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae125. [PMID: 38711545 PMCID: PMC11073543 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Gou
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), China
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4
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Zhu Y, Fang Z, Zhang Z, Wu H. Discontinuous phase diagram of amorphous carbons. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae051. [PMID: 38504723 PMCID: PMC10950053 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The short-range order and medium-range order of amorphous carbons demonstrated in experiments allow us to rethink whether there exist intrinsic properties hidden by atomic disordering. Here we presented six representative phases of amorphous carbons (0.1-3.4 g/cm3), namely, disordered graphene network (DGN), high-density amorphous carbon (HDAC), amorphous diaphite (a-DG), amorphous diamond (a-D), paracrystalline diamond (p-D), and nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD), respectively, classified by their topological features and microstructural characterizations that are comparable with experiments. To achieve a comprehensive physical landscape for amorphous carbons, a phase diagram was plotted in the sp3/sp2 versus density plane, in which the counterintuitive discontinuity originates from the inherent difference in topological microstructures, further guiding us to discover a variety of phase transitions among different amorphous carbons. Intriguingly, the power law, log(sp3/sp2) ∝ ρn, hints at intrinsic topology and hidden order in amorphous carbons, providing an insightful perspective to reacquaint atomic disorder in non-crystalline carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- YinBo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - ZhouYu Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - ZhongTing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - HengAn Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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5
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Xu M, Shin D, Sberna PM, van der Kolk R, Cupertino A, Bessa MA, Norte RA. High-Strength Amorphous Silicon Carbide for Nanomechanics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306513. [PMID: 37823403 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
For decades, mechanical resonators with high sensitivity have been realized using thin-film materials under high tensile loads. Although there are remarkable strides in achieving low-dissipation mechanical sensors by utilizing high tensile stress, the performance of even the best strategy is limited by the tensile fracture strength of the resonator materials. In this study, a wafer-scale amorphous thin film is uncovered, which has the highest ultimate tensile strength ever measured for a nanostructured amorphous material. This silicon carbide (SiC) material exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of over 10 GPa, reaching the regime reserved for strong crystalline materials and approaching levels experimentally shown in graphene nanoribbons. Amorphous SiC strings with high aspect ratios are fabricated, with mechanical modes exceeding quality factors 108 at room temperature, the highest value achieves among SiC resonators. These performances are demonstrated faithfully after characterizing the mechanical properties of the thin film using the resonance behaviors of free-standing resonators. This robust thin-film material has significant potential for applications in nanomechanical sensors, solar cells, biological applications, space exploration, and other areas requiring strength and stability in dynamic environments. The findings of this study open up new possibilities for the use of amorphous thin-film materials in high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxing Xu
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
| | - Dongil Shin
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo M Sberna
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology, Else Kooi Laboratory, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
| | - Roald van der Kolk
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Kavli Nanolab, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Cupertino
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel A Bessa
- Brown University, School of Engineering, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Richard A Norte
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
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6
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Zhang Z, Fang Z, Wu H, Zhu Y. Temperature-Dependent Paracrystalline Nucleation in Atomically Disordered Diamonds. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:312-318. [PMID: 38134308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Atomically disordered diamonds with medium-range order realized in recent experiments extend our knowledge of atomic disorder in materials. However, the current understanding of amorphous carbons cannot answer why paracrystalline diamond (p-D) can be formed inherently different from other tetrahedral amorphous carbons (ta-Cs), and the emergence of p-D seems to be easily hindered by inappropriate temperatures. Herein, we performed atomistic-based simulations to shed light on temperature-dependent paracrystalline nucleation in atomically disordered diamonds. Using metadynamics and two carefully designed collective variables, reversible phase transitions among different ta-Cs can be presented under different temperatures, evidenced by corresponding local minima on the free energy surface and reaction path along the free energy gradient. We found that p-D is preferred in a narrow range of temperatures, which is comparable to real experimental temperatures under the Arrhenius framework. The insights and related methods should open up a perspective for investigating other amorphous carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhongTing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - ZhouYu Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - HengAn Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, 15 Beisihuan West Road, Beijing 100190, China
| | - YinBo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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7
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Qiu K, Hou J, Chen S, Li X, Yue Y, Xu B, Hu Q, Liu L, Yang Z, Nie A, Gao Y, Jin T, Wang J, Li Y, Wang Y, Tian Y, Guo L. Self-healing of fractured diamond. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1317-1323. [PMID: 37735525 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Materials that possess the ability to self-heal cracks at room temperature, akin to living organisms, are highly sought after. However, achieving crack self-healing in inorganic materials, particularly with covalent bonds, presents a great challenge and often necessitates high temperatures and considerable atomic diffusion. Here we conducted a quantitative evaluation of the room-temperature self-healing behaviour of a fractured nanotwinned diamond composite, revealing that the self-healing properties of the composite stem from both the formation of nanoscale diamond osteoblasts comprising sp2- and sp3-hybridized carbon atoms at the fractured surfaces, and the atomic interaction transition from repulsion to attraction when the two fractured surfaces come into close proximity. The self-healing process resulted in a remarkable recovery of approximately 34% in tensile strength for the nanotwinned diamond composite. This discovery sheds light on the self-healing capability of nanostructured diamond, offering valuable insights for future research endeavours aimed at enhancing the toughness and durability of brittle ceramic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keliang Qiu
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingpeng Hou
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghai Yue
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Qi Hu
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Liu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, School of Aeronautics Sciences and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Anmin Nie
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.
| | - Yufei Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Tianye Jin
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yongjun Tian
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
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8
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Shi J, Liang Z, Wang J, Pan S, Ding C, Wang Y, Wang HT, Xing D, Sun J. Double-Shock Compression Pathways from Diamond to BC8 Carbon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:146101. [PMID: 37862650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.146101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon is one of the most important elements for both industrial applications and fundamental research, including life, physics, chemistry, materials, and even planetary science. Although theoretical predictions on the transition from diamond to the BC8 (Ia3[over ¯]) carbon were made more than thirty years ago, after tremendous experimental efforts, direct evidence for the existence of BC8 carbon is still lacking. In this study, a machine learning potential was developed for high-pressure carbon fitted from first-principles calculations, which exhibited great capabilities in modeling the melting and Hugoniot line. Using the molecular dynamics based on this machine learning potential, we designed a thermodynamic pathway that is achievable for the double shock compression experiment to obtain the elusive BC8 carbon. Diamond was compressed up to 584 GPa after the first shock at 20.5 km/s. Subsequently, in the second shock compression at 24.8 or 25.0 km/s, diamond was compressed to a supercooled liquid and then solidified to BC8 in around 1 ns. Furthermore, the critical nucleus size and nucleation rate of BC8 were calculated, which are crucial for nano-second x-ray diffraction measurements to observe BC8 carbon during shock compressions. The key to obtaining BC8 carbon lies in the formation of liquid at a sufficient supercooling. Our work provides a feasible pathway by which the long-sought BC8 phase of carbon can be reached in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyang Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixing Liang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuning Pan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Ding
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Tian Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingyu Xing
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
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9
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Meng L, Vu TV, Criscenti LJ, Ho TA, Qin Y, Fan H. Theoretical and Experimental Advances in High-Pressure Behaviors of Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10206-10257. [PMID: 37523660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Using compressive mechanical forces, such as pressure, to induce crystallographic phase transitions and mesostructural changes while modulating material properties in nanoparticles (NPs) is a unique way to discover new phase behaviors, create novel nanostructures, and study emerging properties that are difficult to achieve under conventional conditions. In recent decades, NPs of a plethora of chemical compositions, sizes, shapes, surface ligands, and self-assembled mesostructures have been studied under pressure by in-situ scattering and/or spectroscopy techniques. As a result, the fundamental knowledge of pressure-structure-property relationships has been significantly improved, leading to a better understanding of the design guidelines for nanomaterial synthesis. In the present review, we discuss experimental progress in NP high-pressure research conducted primarily over roughly the past four years on semiconductor NPs, metal and metal oxide NPs, and perovskite NPs. We focus on the pressure-induced behaviors of NPs at both the atomic- and mesoscales, inorganic NP property changes upon compression, and the structural and property transitions of perovskite NPs under pressure. We further discuss in depth progress on molecular modeling, including simulations of ligand behavior, phase-change chalcogenides, layered transition metal dichalcogenides, boron nitride, and inorganic and hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites NPs. These models now provide both mechanistic explanations of experimental observations and predictive guidelines for future experimental design. We conclude with a summary and our insights on future directions for exploration of nanomaterial phase transition, coupling, growth, and nanoelectronic and photonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyao Meng
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Tuan V Vu
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Louise J Criscenti
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Tuan A Ho
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Hongyou Fan
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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10
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Wu H, Li Y, Qian Y, Kan E. Superhard bulk C 4N 3 compounds with metal-free magnetism assembled from two-dimensional C 4N 3: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21408-21415. [PMID: 37530583 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01619f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Enriching the electronic properties of superhard materials is very important to extend their applications, and some superhard materials with metallic or superconducting characteristics have been designed via theoretical or experimental methods. However, their magnetic features have scarcely been studied, since most of them are limited to nonmagnetic ordering. Here, with the help of first-principles calculations, a series of C4N3 compounds are designed by stacking C4N3 sheets with different sequences. As expected, some of them exhibit both magnetic and superhard characteristics. Notably, all these compounds exhibit dynamic and mechanical stabilities, indicating that their dynamic and mechanical stabilities are independent of the stacking sequence. Among them, the ABC-stacked one is energetically favorable, and it exhibits antiferromagnetic ordering and has a hardness of ∼54.0 GPa, and the electronic calculations show that it is a semiconductor with a direct band gap of ∼1.20 eV. Besides, the magnetism of all magnetic C4N3 compounds is caused by the lower coordinated atoms, and the magnetic moments are located on three-fold C or two-fold coordinated N atoms. Additionally, the magnetic property is deeply dependent on the external pressure. This work opens a potential way to design magnetic superhard materials and can arouse their applications in the spintronic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Wu
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuelin Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Erjun Kan
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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11
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Lin J, Jiang J, Zhang J, Guo H, Zeng XC, Zhuo Z, Lu N. Green Diamond: A Superhard Boron Carbonitride with Bandgap in Green-Light Region and Anisotropic High Carrier Mobilities. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3403-3412. [PMID: 36999770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of new multifunctional superhard materials beyond diamond is a great challenge for materials science and industry application. A new diamond-like boron carbonitride material (BC6N) formed by covalently alternated stacking of two-dimensional BC3 and C3N monolayers is systemically investigated through first-principles method. The electronic structure calculations show that the new structure is a direct bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.404 eV (HSE06). It exhibits anisotropic high carrier mobility (μLh = 1.88 × 104 cm2 V-1 s-1), varied absorbance in visible light and different regions of UV light, and theoretical Vickers hardness of 81.34 GPa, close to that of diamond. Furthermore, it is easily synthesizable due to its exothermic nature when reacted from the interlayer fusion of the BC3 and C3N monolayers in a bottom-up synthesis strategy. In addition, the properties of 3D-BC6N-I can be tuned by applying strain, changing stacking patterns, and 2D-nanolization. The excellent mechanical, electronic, and optical properties and good synthesizability suggest that the new structure (named as "green diamond") may find broad applications as a superhard and high-temperature material as well as a semiconductor and optical devices beyond diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Jiaxin Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiwen Zhuo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Ning Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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12
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Pan F, Ni K, Xu T, Chen H, Wang Y, Gong K, Liu C, Li X, Lin ML, Li S, Wang X, Yan W, Yin W, Tan PH, Sun L, Yu D, Ruoff RS, Zhu Y. Long-range ordered porous carbons produced from C 60. Nature 2023; 614:95-101. [PMID: 36631612 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon structures with covalent bonds connecting C60 molecules have been reported1-3, but their production methods typically result in very small amounts of sample, which restrict the detailed characterization and exploration necessary for potential applications. We report the gram-scale preparation of a new type of carbon, long-range ordered porous carbon (LOPC), from C60 powder catalysed by α-Li3N at ambient pressure. LOPC consists of connected broken C60 cages that maintain long-range periodicity, and has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, magic-angle spinning solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy and neutron scattering. Numerical simulations based on a neural network show that LOPC is a metastable structure produced during the transformation from fullerene-type to graphene-type carbons. At a lower temperature, shorter annealing time or by using less α-Li3N, a well-known polymerized C60 crystal forms owing to the electron transfer from α-Li3N to C60. The carbon K-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure shows a higher degree of delocalization of electrons in LOPC than in C60(s). The electrical conductivity is 1.17 × 10-2 S cm-1 at room temperature, and conduction at T < 30 K appears to result from a combination of metallic-like transport over short distances punctuated by carrier hopping. The preparation of LOPC enables the discovery of other crystalline carbons starting from C60(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Ni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center and Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaican Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, China
| | - Yusong Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Cai Liu
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Miao-Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyuan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, China
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Litao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center and Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea. .,School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yanwu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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13
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Combining the properties of nanodiamond and disordered multilayer graphene. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:14-15. [PMID: 36564559 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
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14
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Li Z, Wang Y, Ma M, Ma H, Hu W, Zhang X, Zhuge Z, Zhang S, Luo K, Gao Y, Sun L, Soldatov AV, Wu Y, Liu B, Li B, Ying P, Zhang Y, Xu B, He J, Yu D, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Yue Y, Tian Y, Li X. Ultrastrong conductive in situ composite composed of nanodiamond incoherently embedded in disordered multilayer graphene. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:42-49. [PMID: 36522415 PMCID: PMC9812777 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional ceramics or metals cannot simultaneously achieve ultrahigh strength and high electrical conductivity. The elemental carbon can form a variety of allotropes with entirely different physical properties, providing versatility for tuning mechanical and electrical properties in a wide range. Here, by precisely controlling the extent of transformation of amorphous carbon into diamond within a narrow temperature-pressure range, we synthesize an in situ composite consisting of ultrafine nanodiamond homogeneously dispersed in disordered multilayer graphene with incoherent interfaces, which demonstrates a Knoop hardness of up to ~53 GPa, a compressive strength of up to ~54 GPa and an electrical conductivity of 670-1,240 S m-1 at room temperature. With atomically resolving interface structures and molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that amorphous carbon transforms into diamond through a nucleation process via a local rearrangement of carbon atoms and diffusion-driven growth, different from the transformation of graphite into diamond. The complex bonding between the diamond-like and graphite-like components greatly improves the mechanical properties of the composite. This superhard, ultrastrong, conductive elemental carbon composite has comprehensive properties that are superior to those of the known conductive ceramics and C/C composites. The intermediate hybridization state at the interfaces also provides insights into the amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition of carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Li
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdong Ma
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Huachun Ma
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zewen Zhuge
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Kun Luo
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yufei Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Alexander V Soldatov
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yingju Wu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Baozhong Li
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Pan Ying
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Julong He
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Dongli Yu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhao
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Yongjun Tian
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Jiang X, Molokeev MS, Wang N, Wang Y, Wen T, Dong Z, Liu Y, Li W, Lin Z. sp
2
to sp
3
Hybridization Transformation in Ionic Crystals under Unprecedentedly Low Pressure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208247. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Jiang
- Functional Crystals Lab, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Maxim S. Molokeev
- Laboratory of Crystal Physics Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS Krasnoyarsk 660036 Russia
- Department of Physics Far Eastern State Transport University Khabarovsk 680021 Russia
- Siberian Federal University Krasnoyarsk 660041 Russia
| | - Naizheng Wang
- Functional Crystals Lab, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ting Wen
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research Beijing 100094 China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- Laboratory of Space Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Youquan Liu
- Functional Crystals Lab, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Functional Crystals Lab, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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16
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Jiang X, Molokeev MS, Wang N, Wang Y, Wen T, Dong Z, Liu Y, Li W, Lin Z. sp2 to sp3 Hybridization Transformation in Ionic Crystals under Unprecedentedly Low Pressure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Jiang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry CAS: Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Lab CHINA
| | - Maxim S. Molokeev
- Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS: Institut fiziki imeni Kirenskogo SO RAN Laboratory of Crystal Physics RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Naizheng Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry CAS: Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Functional Crystals Lab CHINA
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Peking University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Ting Wen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research none CHINA
| | - Zhichao Dong
- National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Space Astronomy and Technology CHINA
| | - Youquan Liu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry CAS: Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Functional Crystals Lab CHINA
| | - Wei Li
- Nankai University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Techincal Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS Beijng Center for Crystal R&D 29, Zhong Guan Cun East Road 100190 Beijing CHINA
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17
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Sun B, Chen D, Cheng Y, Fei W, Jiang D, Tang S, Zhao G, Song J, Hou C, Zhang W, Wu S, Yang Y, Tan M, Zhang J, Wei D, Guo C, Zhang W, Dong S, Du S, Han J, Luo J, Zhang X. Sugar-Derived Isotropic Nanoscale Polycrystalline Graphite Capable of Considerable Plastic Deformation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200363. [PMID: 35686916 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining large plastic deformation in polycrystalline van der Waals (vdW) materials is challenging. Achieving such deformation is especially difficult in graphite because it is highly anisotropic. The development of sugar-derived isotropic nanostructured polycrystalline graphite (SINPG) is discussed herein. The structure of this material preserves the high in-plane rigidity and out-of-plane flexibility of graphene layers and enables prominent plasticity by activating the rotation of nanoscale (5-10 nm) grains. Thus, micrometer-sized SINPG samples demonstrate enhanced compressive strengths of up to 3.0 GPa and plastic strains of 30-50%. These findings suggest a new pathway for enabling plastic deformation in otherwise brittle vdW materials. This new class of nanostructured carbon materials is suitable for use in a broad range of fields, from semiconductor to aerospace applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqian Sun
- Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Daming Chen
- Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Weidong Fei
- The National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Forming of Metals, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Danyu Jiang
- Analysis and Testing Center for Inorganic Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Sufang Tang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Guangdong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Juntao Song
- Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Chenlin Hou
- Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Shiqi Wu
- Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Mingyi Tan
- Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Center of Analysis, Measurement and Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Daqing Wei
- Center of Analysis, Measurement and Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Chaowei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Center, and Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Shun Dong
- Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Shanyi Du
- Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Jiecai Han
- Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of NanoEngineering, Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150000, China
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18
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Sun R, Wei X, Hu W, Ying P, Wu Y, Wang L, Chen S, Zhang X, Ma M, Yu D, Wang L, Gao G, Xu B, Tian Y. Nanocrystalline Cubic Silicon Carbide: A Route to Superhardness. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201212. [PMID: 35396819 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Superhard materials other than diamond and cubic boron nitride have been actively pursued in the past two decades. Cubic silicon carbide, i.e., β-SiC, is a well-known hard material with typical hardness <30 GPa. Although nanostructuring has been proven to be effective in enhancing materials' hardness by virtue of the Hall-Petch effect, it remains a significant challenge to improve hardness of β-SiC beyond the superhard threshold of 40 GPa. Here, the fabrication of nanocrystalline β-SiC bulks is reported by sintering nanoparticles under high pressure and high temperature. These β-SiC bulks are densely sintered with average grain sizes down to 10 nm depending on the sintering conditions, and the Vickers hardness increases with decreasing grain size following the Hall-Petch relation. Particularly, the bulk sintered under 25 GPa and 1400 °C shows an average grain size of 10 nm and an asymptotic Vickers hardness of 41.5 GPa. Boosting the hardness of β-SiC over the superhard threshold signifies an important progress in superhard materials research. A broader family of superhard materials is in sight through successful implementation of nanostructuring in other hard materials such as BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxin Sun
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Xudong Wei
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Pan Ying
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Yingju Wu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Linyan Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Mengdong Ma
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Dongli Yu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Guoying Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Yongjun Tian
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
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19
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Pham PV, Bodepudi SC, Shehzad K, Liu Y, Xu Y, Yu B, Duan X. 2D Heterostructures for Ubiquitous Electronics and Optoelectronics: Principles, Opportunities, and Challenges. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6514-6613. [PMID: 35133801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A grand family of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures have been discovered through the extensive experimental and theoretical efforts of chemists, material scientists, physicists, and technologists. These pioneering works contribute to realizing the fundamental platforms to explore and analyze new physical/chemical properties and technological phenomena at the micro-nano-pico scales. Engineering 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials and their heterostructures via chemical and physical methods with a suitable choice of stacking order, thickness, and interlayer interactions enable exotic carrier dynamics, showing potential in high-frequency electronics, broadband optoelectronics, low-power neuromorphic computing, and ubiquitous electronics. This comprehensive review addresses recent advances in terms of representative 2D materials, the general fabrication methods, and characterization techniques and the vital role of the physical parameters affecting the quality of 2D heterostructures. The main emphasis is on 2D heterostructures and 3D-bulk (3D) hybrid systems exhibiting intrinsic quantum mechanical responses in the optical, valley, and topological states. Finally, we discuss the universality of 2D heterostructures with representative applications and trends for future electronics and optoelectronics (FEO) under the challenges and opportunities from physical, nanotechnological, and material synthesis perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong V Pham
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Srikrishna Chanakya Bodepudi
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Khurram Shehzad
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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Yang LH, Gong JM, Sulyok A, Menyhárd M, Sáfrán G, Tőkési K, Da B, Ding ZJ. Optical properties of amorphous carbon determined by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy spectra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25335-25346. [PMID: 34749388 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02447g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the combined experimental and theoretical investigations of the optical properties of amorphous carbon. The reflection electron energy loss spectra (REELS) spectra of carbon were measured using a cylindrical mirror analyzer under ultrahigh vacuum conditions at primary electron energies of 750, 1000 and 1300 eV. The energy loss function and thereby the refractive index n and the extinction coefficient k were determined from these REELS spectra in a wide loss energy range of 2-200 eV by applying our reverse Monte Carlo method. The high accuracy of the obtained optical constants is justified with the ps- and f-sum rules. We found that our present optical constants of amorphous carbon fulfill the sum rules with the highest accuracy compared with the previously published data. Therefore, we highly recommend to replace the previous data with the present ones for practical applications. Moreover, we present the atomic scattering factors of amorphous carbon obtained from the dielectric function to predict its optical constants at a given density.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China. .,Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - J M Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China. .,Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - A Sulyok
- Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - M Menyhárd
- Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - G Sáfrán
- Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - K Tőkési
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - B Da
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Z J Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Yue
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Denmark
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