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Selove R, Aghili M, Green C, Brown C. Use of implementation science to plan adoption of a tobacco-free policy on a historically black college/university (HBCU) campus. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1341-1346. [PMID: 32877633 PMCID: PMC7952039 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1809429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Implementation science tools were used to identify facilitators and barriers to adopting a tobacco-free policy on a historically Black college/university (HBCU). Participants: Study participants included 13 University staff, two students, and two public health educators/school alumni. Data were collected in 2015-2016. Methods: The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to develop questions for focus groups and individual interviews. The CFIR was also used by two research team members to code transcripts independently, using an iterative deduction process to achieve ≥85% agreement on CFIR domains. Coded quotations were evaluated using the Qualitative Implementation Framework (QIF) to ascertain next adoption planning steps. Results: Qualitative data suggested that building capacity for tobacco control, linking policy to HBCU identity and priorities such as addressing marijuana use might facilitate adoption of a tobacco-free campus policy. Conclusions: Implementation science tools may be useful for planning adoption of comprehensive tobacco-free policies at HBCUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Selove
- Center for Prevention Research,Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mahnaz Aghili
- Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cheryl Green
- Office of the President, Governors State University, University Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Charles Brown
- Health Administration, Health Sciences & Public Health, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Integrating Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Approaches Into Treatment of Commercial Tobacco Use for Optimal Cancer Care Delivery. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2021; 19:S4-S7. [PMID: 34872050 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2021.7091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco-related cancer incidence and mortality and commercial tobacco use have decreased steadily in recent decades, but improvements have not been equitably experienced across population subgroups. A complex interaction across socioecological domains of individual, interpersonal, community/organization, and societal/policy factors influence disparities in tobacco use, treatment, and related health outcomes. NCI's Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I) provides an ideal platform to examine and intervene on multilevel influences across the cancer control continuum to reduce any disproportionate tobacco-related burden and eliminate tobacco-related disparities. The C3I Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Working Group encourages cancer centers to develop, evaluate, and adopt evidence-based practices regarding DEI for prevention and treatment of commercial tobacco use across the cancer control continuum. This paper highlights how 3 C3I sites intervene to address socioecological influences on tobacco use among racially, ethnically, socioeconomically, and geographically diverse patient subgroups. It then outlines ways in which DEI considerations could be integrated into research with patients with cancer who use tobacco and practices related to standards of cancer care. Incorporating DEI considerations in the pursuit of optimal tobacco treatment could facilitate elimination of inequities in population-level cancer outcomes, spanning the full continuum of cancer care from prevention to survivorship.
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Halvorsrud K, Kucharska J, Adlington K, Rüdell K, Brown Hajdukova E, Nazroo J, Haarmans M, Rhodes J, Bhui K. Identifying evidence of effectiveness in the co-creation of research: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the international healthcare literature. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 43:197-208. [PMID: 31608396 PMCID: PMC8042368 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate and address the evidence gap on the effectiveness of co-creation/production in international health research. Methods An initial systematic search of previous reviews published by 22 July 2017 in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. We extracted reported aims, elements and outcomes of co-creation/production from 50 reviews; however, reviews rarely tested effectiveness against intended outcomes. We therefore checked the reference lists in 13 included systematic reviews that cited quantitative studies involving the public/patients in the design and/or implementation of research projects to conduct meta-analyses on their effectiveness using standardized mean difference (SMD). Results Twenty-six primary studies were included, showing moderate positive effects for community functions (SMD = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.29–0.84, n = 11) and small positive effects for physical health (SMD = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.07–0.42, n = 9), health-promoting behaviour (SMD = 0.14, 95%CI = 0.03–0.26, n = 11), self-efficacy (SMD = 0.34, 95%CI = 0.01–0.67, n = 3) and health service access/receipt (SMD = 0.36, 95%CI = 0.21–0.52, n = 12). Non-academic stakeholders that co-created more than one research stage showed significantly favourable mental health outcomes. However, co-creation was rarely extended to later stages (evaluation/dissemination), with few studies specifically with ethnic minority groups. Conclusions The co-creation of research may improve several health-related outcomes and public health more broadly, but research is lacking on its longer term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Halvorsrud
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Justyna Kucharska
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Westminster University, 115 New Cavendich Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Katherine Adlington
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, City and Hackney Centre for Mental Health, Homerton Row, London, E9 6SR, UK
| | - Katja Rüdell
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Eva Brown Hajdukova
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - James Nazroo
- Sociology, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, Humanities, Bridgeford Street, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Maria Haarmans
- Sociology, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, Humanities, Bridgeford Street, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - James Rhodes
- Sociology, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, Humanities, Bridgeford Street, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kamaldeep Bhui
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Ilhan B, Lin K, Guneri P, Wilder-Smith P. Improving Oral Cancer Outcomes with Imaging and Artificial Intelligence. J Dent Res 2020; 99:241-248. [PMID: 32077795 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520902128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis is the most important determinant of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) outcomes, yet most of these cancers are detected late, when outcomes are poor. Typically, nonspecialists such as dentists screen for oral cancer risk, and then they refer high-risk patients to specialists for biopsy-based diagnosis. Because the clinical appearance of oral mucosal lesions is not an adequate indicator of their diagnosis, status, or risk level, this initial triage process is inaccurate, with poor sensitivity and specificity. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of emerging optical imaging modalities and novel artificial intelligence-based approaches, as well as to evaluate their individual and combined utility and implications for improving oral cancer detection and outcomes. The principles of image-based approaches to detecting oral cancer are placed within the context of clinical needs and parameters. A brief overview of artificial intelligence approaches and algorithms is presented, and studies that use these 2 approaches singly and together are cited and evaluated. In recent years, a range of novel imaging modalities has been investigated for their applicability to improving oral cancer outcomes, yet none of them have found widespread adoption or significantly affected clinical practice or outcomes. Artificial intelligence approaches are beginning to have considerable impact in improving diagnostic accuracy in some fields of medicine, but to date, only limited studies apply to oral cancer. These studies demonstrate that artificial intelligence approaches combined with imaging can have considerable impact on oral cancer outcomes, with applications ranging from low-cost screening with smartphone-based probes to algorithm-guided detection of oral lesion heterogeneity and margins using optical coherence tomography. Combined imaging and artificial intelligence approaches can improve oral cancer outcomes through improved detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ilhan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Ege University Faculty of Dentistry, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | - K Lin
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - P Guneri
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Ege University Faculty of Dentistry, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | - P Wilder-Smith
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Eberth JM, Zahnd WE, Adams SA, Friedman DB, Wheeler SB, Hébert JR. Mortality-to-incidence ratios by US Congressional District: Implications for epidemiologic, dissemination and implementation research, and public health policy. Prev Med 2019; 129S:105849. [PMID: 31679842 PMCID: PMC7393609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) can be computed from readily accessible, public-use data on cancer incidence and mortality, and a high MIR value is an indicator of poor survival relative to incidence. Newly available data on congressional district-specific cancer incidence and mortality from the U.S. Cancer Statistics (USCS) database from 2011 to 2015 were used to compute MIR values for overall (all types combined), breast, cervix, colorectal, esophagus, lung, oral, pancreas, and prostate cancer. Congressional districts in the South and Midwest, including MS, AL, and KY, had higher (worse) MIR values for all cancer types combined than for the U.S. as a whole. For all cancers combined, there was a positive correlation between each district's percent of rural residents and the MIR (r = 0.47; p < .001). The MIR for all cancer types combined was lower in districts within states that expanded Medicaid vs. those states that did not expand Medicaid (0.36 vs. 0.38; p < .001). A positive correlation was seen between the proportion of non-Hispanic Black residents and MIR (r = 0.15; p < .01 for all cancers). Lower MIRs were observed in districts in New England and in states that expanded Medicaid. However, there also were some interesting departures from this rule (e.g., Wyoming, South Dakota, parts of Wisconsin and Florida). Rural congressional districts have generally higher MIRs than more urban districts. There is some concern that poorer, more rural states that did not expand Medicaid may experience greater disparities in MIRs relative to Medicaid expansion states in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Eberth
- University of South Carolina, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United States of America
| | - Whitney E Zahnd
- University of South Carolina, Rural and Minority Health Research Center, United States of America
| | - Swann Arp Adams
- University of South Carolina, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and College of Nursing, United States of America
| | - Daniela B Friedman
- University of South Carolina, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, United States of America
| | - Stephanie B Wheeler
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, CPCRN Coordinating Center, United States of America
| | - James R Hébert
- University of South Carolina, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United States of America.
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Fowler CD, Gipson CD, Kleykamp BA, Rupprecht LE, Harrell PT, Rees VW, Gould TJ, Oliver J, Bagdas D, Damaj MI, Schmidt HD, Duncan A, De Biasi M. Basic Science and Public Policy: Informed Regulation for Nicotine and Tobacco Products. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 20:789-799. [PMID: 29065200 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Scientific discoveries over the past few decades have provided significant insight into the abuse liability and negative health consequences associated with tobacco and nicotine-containing products. While many of these advances have led to the development of policies and laws that regulate access to and formulations of these products, further research is critical to guide future regulatory efforts, especially as novel nicotine-containing products are introduced and selectively marketed to vulnerable populations. Discussion In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the scientific findings that have impacted regulatory policy and discuss considerations for further translation of science into policy decisions. We propose that open, bidirectional communication between scientists and policy makers is essential to develop transformative preventive- and intervention-focused policies and programs to reduce appeal, abuse liability, and toxicity of the products. Conclusions Through these types of interactions, collaborative efforts to inform and modify policy have the potential to significantly decrease the use of tobacco and alternative nicotine products and thus enhance health outcomes for individuals. Implications This work addresses current topics in the nicotine and tobacco research field to emphasize the importance of basic science research and provide examples of how it can be utilized to inform public policy. In addition to relaying current thoughts on the topic from experts in the field, the article encourages continued efforts and communication between basic scientists and policy officials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie D Fowler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | | | | | - Laura E Rupprecht
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Paul T Harrell
- Division of Community Health & Research, Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Vaughan W Rees
- Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Jason Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Deniz Bagdas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Heath D Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alexander Duncan
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mariella De Biasi
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Alcalá HE, Sharif MZ, Morey BN. Misplaced Trust: Racial Differences in Use of Tobacco Products and Trust in Sources of Tobacco Health Information. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:1199-1208. [PMID: 28387825 PMCID: PMC6580933 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, the rates of utilization of alternative tobacco products have increased. Providing health information about tobacco products from trustworthy sources may help decrease the popularity of these products. Using a nationally representative study of adults, we fill the current gap in research on racial and ethnic disparities in utilization of alternative tobacco products as well as in trust of sources of health information about tobacco products. AIMS AND METHODS Data came from the Health Information National Trends Survey (N = 3738), which was collected in 2015. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds of use of seven different tobacco product (eg, hookah, e-cigarettes, etc.), trust in seven different sources of e-cigarette health information (eg, family or friends, health care providers, etc.), and trust in six different sources of tobacco health information, adjusting for control variables. RESULTS There were disparities in utilization of alternative tobacco products and in trust, in tobacco companies across racial and ethnic groups. Blacks and Asians were far more likely than whites to trust tobacco (adjusted odds ratios = 8.67 and 4.34) and e-cigarette companies (adjusted odds ratios = 6.97 and 3.13) with information about the health effects of e-cigarettes than whites. CONCLUSIONS The popularity of alternative tobacco products appears to be high and may offset recent observed decreases in cigarette use. Blacks and Asians appear to trust tobacco companies as sources of information when compared to whites. IMPLICATIONS Higher levels of trust in tobacco companies among Asians and blacks may translate to greater susceptibility to utilize tobacco products among these groups, thereby increasing disparities. There is a need for social marketing and education efforts focused on increasing awareness of adverse health effects of using alternative tobacco products as well as on the untrustworthiness of tobacco and e-cigarette companies, especially among racial and ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor E Alcalá
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of
Virginia,Charlottesville, VA;
| | - Mienah Z Sharif
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine,
Irvine, CA;
| | - Brittany N Morey
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los
Angeles,Los Angeles, CA
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Okuyemi KS, Reitzel LR, Fagan P. Interventions to Reduce Tobacco-Related Health Disparities. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 17:887-91. [PMID: 26180213 PMCID: PMC4502764 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kolawole S Okuyemi
- Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN;
| | - Lorraine R Reitzel
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Pebbles Fagan
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
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