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Ellis LR, Boesch C, Dye L. Effects of Anthocyanins on Cognition and Vascular Function: A Systematic Review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2300502. [PMID: 38961529 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Good vascular function is crucial for cerebral blood flow and cognitive performance. Diets high in anthocyanins have been shown to improve vascular function and are associated with improvements in cognition. This systematic review investigates randomized controlled trials examining the impact of anthocyanin intake on both cognition and vascular function. METHODS AND RESULTS Of the 1486 studies identified through searching Ovid Medline and AMED, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and Scopus, 20 studies are selected which measured cognitive and vascular function. Overall, positive effects on verbal and working memory are observed, which are supported by studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate increased blood flow in brain regions related to these cognitive domains. However, effects of anthocyanins on blood pressure and markers of endothelial function are inconsistent. CONCLUSION This systematic review provides evidence for a positive effect of anthocyanins on cognition and insight into the relevance of endothelial function. Anthocyanins are widely available and can be easily consumed in a range of different fruits, vegetables, and other products. Further studies should establish the optimal daily intake of anthocyanins for cardiovascular and cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy R Ellis
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Louise Dye
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Institute of Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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2
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Dehkhoda B, Enayati A, Mirzaei H, Ghorbani S, Soleimani MH, Amirkhanlou S, Sahebkar A. Roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract as an adjunct to valsartan in patients with mild chronic kidney disease: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2024; 14:505-519. [PMID: 38952776 PMCID: PMC11179185 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2024.23871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract (HS) as an adjunct to valsartan in the treatment of high blood pressure in patients with mild chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods This trial was conducted in Gorgan, Iran. Seventy-two participants with CKD and high blood pressure were randomly assigned to either the HS group, receiving a 350 mg pill every 12 hr for 90 days along with 40 mg of valsartan every 12 hr, or the control group (40 mg valsartan + 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide). The primary objective was to assess the improvement of hypertension, while secondary objectives included the evaluation of proteinuria, albuminuria, kidney function, lipid profile, and electrolyte levels. Molecular docking analysis was performed to examine the mechanisms of action of the isolated components of HS. Results Out of 80 initial participants, 72 were included in the analysis. Both groups showed a significant reduction in blood pressure (p<0.001). The HS group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in lipid profile (p<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the reduction of renal markers. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the compounds present in HS, particularly its anthocyanins and flavonoids, exhibited greater angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory potential than hydrochlorothiazide in both domains. Moreover, the compounds met the criteria for drug likeness and Lipinski rules. Conclusion Adjunctive therapy with HS showed promising results in reducing hypertension and improving lipid profile in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behdad Dehkhoda
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Equal first author
| | - Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Equal first author
| | - Hassan Mirzaei
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghorbani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Amirkhanlou
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Delpino FM, Dos Santos FS, Flores TR, Cerqueira HS, Santos HO. The effects of blueberry and cranberry supplementation on blood pressure in patients with cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2024; 38:646-661. [PMID: 37963472 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Blueberries and cranberries are berry fruits with the highest number of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) focusing on blood pressure (BP). This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs analyzed the effects of blueberry and cranberry supplementation alone and in concert with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in patients with cardiometabolic diseases. The searches were performed until August 2023 in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase. Studies that examined the effects of blueberry or cranberry intake/supplementation were included. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Rob 2 scale. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the effects of blueberry and cranberry supplementation on BP levels in patients with cardiometabolic diseases. A total of 17 articles were included, from which two found significant results from blueberry and/or cranberry supplementation in reducing BP. Pooled results revealed statistically non-significant reductions of -0.81 mm Hg for SBP (95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.26, 0.63; I2 = 0%) and -0.15 mm Hg for DBP (95% CI: -1.36, 1.05; I2 = 27%). Blueberry and/or cranberry supplementation had neutral effects on SBP and DBP in patients with cardiometabolic diseases, regardless of duration or age. Further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francine Silva Dos Santos
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaynã Ramos Flores
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Irondi EA, Bankole AO, Awoyale W, Ajani EO, Alamu EO. Antioxidant, enzymes inhibitory, physicochemical and sensory properties of instant bio-yoghurts containing multi-purpose natural additives. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1340679. [PMID: 38274204 PMCID: PMC10808348 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1340679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, physicochemical and sensory properties of instant bio-yoghurts containing multi-purpose natural additives. Multi-purpose natural additives were formulated with three natural additives (sweet detar seed, ginger rhizome, and hibiscus calyx flours, as a thickener, flavourant and colourant, respectively) blends at proportions derived from the Design Expert. The additives' synthetic counterparts were formulated with sodium carboxymethylcellulose, vanilla flavor, and red colourant at the same proportions. After that, yoghurt was produced and the additives blends were incorporated into it either in aqueous extract or flour form, yielding bio-yoghurts designated multi-purpose natural additive extract-containing yoghurt (MNAE-yoghurt), multi-purpose natural additive flour-added yoghurt (MNAF-yoghurt), and their multi-purpose synthetic additives-containing counterparts (MSAE-yoghurt and MSAF-yoghurt). A commercially-available bio-yoghurt served as a control. All the yoghurts were lyophilized to obtain instant bio-yoghurts. Subsequently, bioactive components (total phenolics, tannins, total flavonoids and saponins), antioxidants and enzymes [alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE)] inhibitory activities, as well as proximate, physicochemical and sensory qualities of the bio-yoghurts were determined. The MNAE-yoghurt and MNAF-yoghurt had higher bioactive constituents, total titratable acid levels, and more potent antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties, but a lower pH than their synthetic counterparts and the control. The total phenolics, tannins, total flavonoids and saponins levels of MNAE-yoghurt and MNAF-yoghurt were 14.40 ± 0.24 and 16.54 ± 0.62 mg/g, 1.65 ± 0.04 and 1.74 ± 0.08 mg/g, 4.25 ± 0.03 and 4.40 ± 0.02 mg/g, 0.64 ± 0.01 and 0.66 ± 0.02 mg/g, respectively. Among the natural multi-purpose additives-containing bio-yoghurts, MNAF-yoghurt had higher bioactive constituents and stronger antioxidant and enzymes inhibitory properties. Its α-amylase, α-glucosidase, ACE, and pancreatic lipase IC50 values were 72.47 ± 0.47, 74.07 ± 0.02, 25.58 ± 2.58, and 33.56 ± 29.66 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, MNAE-yoghurt had the highest protein (13.70 ± 0.85%) and the lowest fat (2.63 ± 0.71%) contents. The sensory attributes of all the bio-yoghurts fell within an acceptable likeness range. Overall, the inclusion of multi-purpose natural additives blends enhanced the instant bio-yoghurts' nutritional, health-promoting, and sensory qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wasiu Awoyale
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwara State University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel Oladeji Alamu
- Food and Nutrition Sciences Laboratory, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo, Nigeria
- Food and Nutrition Sciences Laboratory, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Southern Africa Research and Administration Hub (SARAH), Lusaka, Zambia
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Singhai H, Rathee S, Jain SK, Patil UK. The Potential of Natural Products in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:624-638. [PMID: 38477208 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128295053240207090928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, comprising a variety of disorders such as hypertension, heart attacks, Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD), dyslipidemias, strokes, coronary heart disease, and cardiomyopathies. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that 22.2 million people will die from CVD in 2030. Conventional treatments for CVDs are often quite expensive and also have several side effects. This potentiates the use of medicinal plants, which are still a viable alternative therapy for a number of diseases, including CVD. Natural products' cardio-protective effects result from their anti-oxidative, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-ischemic, and platelet aggregation-inhibiting properties. The conventional therapies used to treat CVD have the potential to be explored in light of the recent increase in the popularity of natural goods and alternative medicine. Some natural products with potential in the management of cardiovascular diseases such as Allium sativum L., Ginkgo biloba, Cinchona ledgeriana, Ginseng, Commiphora mukul, Digitalis lanata, Digitalis purpurea L., Murrayakoenigii, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Polygonum cuspidatum, Fenugreek, Capsicum annuum, etc. are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Singhai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar 470003, M.P., India
| | - Sunny Rathee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar 470003, M.P., India
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar 470003, M.P., India
| | - Umesh Kumar Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar 470003, M.P., India
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Eldakhakhny B, Enani S, Jambi H, Ajabnoor G, Al-Ahmadi J, Al-Raddadi R, Alsheikh L, Abdulaal WH, Gad H, Borai A, Bahijri S, Tuomilehto J. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome among Non-Diabetic Saudi Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3242. [PMID: 38137464 PMCID: PMC10740949 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: given the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Saudi Arabia, especially in Jeddah, this study aims to understand the dietary and lifestyle-related risk factors among Jeddah's non-diabetic adults. (2) Material and Methods: Employing a cross-sectional design, non-diabetic adults were sourced from public healthcare centers. Demographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits were surveyed. Blood pressure, anthropometrics, and fasting blood samples measuring plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol were collected. The age cut-off for MetS was ascertained using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Variables influencing MetS were evaluated using univariate logistic regression, and consequential factors underwent multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and sex. (3) Results: Among 1339 participants, 16% had MetS, with age being the strongest predictor (p < 0.001). The optimal age cut-off was 32 years. For those <32, elevated BP in men and waist circumference (WC) in women were most prevalent. For those >32, elevated WC was dominant in both sexes. Univariate logistic regression revealed that higher income and education correlated with lower MetS prevalence, while marriage and smoking were risk factors. Adjusting for age and sex, only very high income had a significant low-risk association (p = 0.034). (4) Conclusion: MetS is notable in the studied group, with age as the pivotal predictor. High income reduces MetS risk, while marital status and smoking could increase it. Since this was a cross-sectional study, cohort studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basmah Eldakhakhny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.G.); (S.B.)
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumia Enani
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Jambi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.G.); (S.B.)
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Al-Ahmadi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajaa Al-Raddadi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Alsheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (L.A.); (W.H.A.)
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (L.A.); (W.H.A.)
| | - Hoda Gad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.G.); (S.B.)
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Anwar Borai
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.G.); (S.B.)
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
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Fogacci F, Degli Esposti D, Di Micoli A, Fiorini G, Veronesi M, Borghi C, Cicero AFG. Effect of dietary supplementation with Diuripres® on blood pressure, vascular health, and metabolic parameters in individuals with high-normal blood pressure or stage I hypertension: The CONDOR randomized clinical study. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4851-4861. [PMID: 37448322 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate if a nutritional intervention with a dietary supplement (Diuripres®) containing magnesium, standardized extract of orthosiphon, hawthorn, and hibiscus could positively affect blood pressure (BP), vascular health, and metabolic parameters in 60 individuals with high-normal BP or stage I hypertension. Participants followed a low-fat low-sodium Mediterranean diet for 4 weeks before being randomly allocated to 8-week treatment with two pills each day of either Diuripres® or placebo. Diuripres® significantly decreased systolic BP compared to placebo after 4 weeks (3.1 ± 0.8 mmHg; p < 0.05) and more consistently after 8 weeks (3.4 ± 0.9 mmHg; p < 0.05). At 8-week follow-up, after correction for multiple testing, dietary supplementation with Diuripres® was associated with significant improvements in diastolic BP (-3.1 ± 0.6 mmHg; p < 0.05), aortic BP (-4.3 ± 0.4 mmHg; p < 0.05), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; 0.04 ± 0.01 mg/dL; p < 0.05) in comparison with baseline. The reductions in diastolic BP (--3.8 ± 0.7 mmHg; p < 0.05), aortic BP (-5.2 ± 1.0 mmHg; p < 0.05), and hs-CRP (-0.03 ± 0.01 mg/dL; p < 0.05) were also significant compared to placebo. Therefore, our study shows that dietary supplementation with Diuripres® may be useful in individuals with high-normal BP or stage I hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Degli Esposti
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Micoli
- Unit of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiorini
- Unit of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Veronesi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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8
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Tse YH, Tuet CY, Lau KK, Tse HF. Dietary modification for prevention and control of high blood pressure. Postgrad Med J 2023; 99:1058-1067. [PMID: 37286197 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) remains the leading cause of cardiovascular and premature death around the world. Diet is one of the important factors that contributes to the development of HT. We review the current evidence of how different dietary factors may influence blood pressure (BP) and consequent development of HT. There is evidence that BP is positively associated with higher consumption of sodium, alcohol, animal-based protein such as red meat, low-quality carbohydrates such as sugar-sweetened beverages, and saturated fatty acids. On the contrary, other dietary constituents have BP-lowering effects. These include potassium, calcium, magnesium, yogurt, eggs, plant-based proteins such as soy and legumes, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and high-quality carbohydrates such as whole grain and fruits. Dietary fibre is unrelated to BP lowering, possibly due to the different mechanisms of various types of fibre. The effects of caffeine, hibiscus tea, pomegranate, and sesame on BP are also unclear as evidence is hard to assess due to the varying concentrations and different types of drinks used in studies. Implementing dietary changes such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet) or adopting a Mediterranean diet has been shown to reduce and control BP. Although the effect of diet on BP control has been established, the optimal amount of each dietary component and consequent ability to devise a personalized diet for HT prevention and BP control for different populations still require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu-Hei Tse
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Choi-Yee Tuet
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui-Kai Lau
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong, China
- Cardiac and Vascular Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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9
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Woszczak L, Khachatryan K, Krystyjan M, Witczak T, Witczak M, Gałkowska D, Makarewicz M, Khachatryan G. Physicochemical and Functional Properties and Storage Stability of Chitosan-Starch Films Containing Micellar Nano/Microstructures with Turmeric and Hibiscus Extracts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12218. [PMID: 37569594 PMCID: PMC10418456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic development of the food industry and the growing interest of consumers in innovative solutions that increase the comfort and quality of life push the industry towards seeking pioneering solutions in the field of food packaging. Intelligent and active packaging, which affects the quality and durability of food products and allows one to determine their freshness, is still a modern concept. The aim of our study was to obtain two types of films based on chitosan and starch with micellar nanostructures containing extracts from turmeric rhizomes and hibiscus flowers. The presence of spherical nanostructures was confirmed using a scanning electron microscope. The structural and optical properties of the obtained composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), UltraViolet-Visible (UV-VIS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the presence of spherical micellar structures with a size of about 800 nm in the obtained biocomposites. The presence of nano-/microstructures containing extracts affected the mechanical properties of the composites: it weakened the strength of the films and improved their elongation at break (EAB). Films with nano-/microparticles were characterised by a higher water content compared to the control sample and lower solubility, and they showed stronger hydrophilic properties. Preliminary storage tests showed that the obtained biocomposites are sensitive to changes occurring during the storage of products such as cheese or fish. In addition, it was found that the film with the addition of turmeric extract inhibited the growth of microorganisms during storage. The results suggest that the obtained bionanocomposites can be used as active and/or intelligent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Woszczak
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (L.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Karen Khachatryan
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (L.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Magdalena Krystyjan
- Department of Carbohydrates Technology and Cereal Processing, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Teresa Witczak
- Department of Engineering and Machinery for Food Industry, University of Agriculture, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (T.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Mariusz Witczak
- Department of Engineering and Machinery for Food Industry, University of Agriculture, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (T.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Dorota Gałkowska
- Department of Food Quality Analysis and Assessment, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Makarewicz
- Department of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Gohar Khachatryan
- Department of Food Quality Analysis and Assessment, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland;
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10
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García-Muñoz AM, García-Guillén AI, Victoria-Montesinos D, Abellán-Ruiz MS, Alburquerque-González B, Cánovas F. Effect of the Combination of Hibiscus sabdariffa in Combination with Other Plant Extracts in the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112269. [PMID: 37297513 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex and multifactorial disorder associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, exacerbated by a sedentary lifestyle and situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies have shown that consumption of fruits and vegetables high in polyphenols has a protective effect, reducing cardiovascular risk. Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) in combination with other plant extracts has recently attracted scientists' attention due to its potential use in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effects of HS in combination with other plant extracts on the prevention of metabolic syndrome, exploring their synergistic effects and potential as therapeutic agents. For this purpose, a systematic search of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted in four different databases and the data obtained were then used for a meta-analysis. Initially, the titles and abstracts of 1368 studies were read. From these, 16 studies were examined closely for their eligibility, and finally, seven RCTs with 332 participants were included in both the meta-analysis and the qualitative analysis. Our results show that HS in combination with other plant extracts improved anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and lipid profile (low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol) compared to a placebo control group. It is important to note that although this meta-analysis suggests that HS in combination with other plant extracts may have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular parameters, further research is needed to determine the optimal dose and intake duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María García-Muñoz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana I García-Guillén
- Faculty of Medicine, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Begoña Alburquerque-González
- Izpisua Lab, HiTech, Sport and Health Innovation Hub, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Cánovas
- Faculty of Medicine, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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11
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Sapian S, Ibrahim Mze AA, Jubaidi FF, Mohd Nor NA, Taib IS, Abd Hamid Z, Zainalabidin S, Mohamad Anuar NN, Katas H, Latip J, Jalil J, Abu Bakar NF, Budin SB. Therapeutic Potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. in Attenuating Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:807. [PMID: 37375755 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a broad spectrum of diseases afflicting the heart and blood vessels and remain a major cause of death and disability worldwide. CVD progression is strongly associated with risk factors, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. These risk factors lead to oxidative damage that results in various cardiovascular complications including endothelial dysfunctions, alterations in vascular integrity, the formation of atherosclerosis, as well as incorrigible cardiac remodeling. The use of conventional pharmacological therapy is one of the current preventive measures to control the development of CVDs. However, as undesirable side effects from drug use have become a recent issue, alternative treatment from natural products is being sought in medicinal plants and is gaining interest. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) has been reported to contain various bioactive compounds that exert anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-hypertension, antioxidative, anti-inflammation, and anti-fibrosis effects. These properties of roselle, especially from its calyx, have relevance to its therapeutic and cardiovascular protection effects in humans. This review summarizes the findings of recent preclinical and clinical studies on roselle as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent in attenuating cardiovascular risk factors and associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syaifuzah Sapian
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Asma Ali Ibrahim Mze
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Farhana Jubaidi
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nor Anizah Mohd Nor
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Zariyantey Abd Hamid
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Jalifah Latip
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nur Faizah Abu Bakar
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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12
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Festa J, Hussain A, Al-Hareth Z, Singh H, Da Boit M. Anthocyanins and Vascular Health: A Matter of Metabolites. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091796. [PMID: 37174334 PMCID: PMC10178014 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoid polyphenols previously investigated for improving cardiovascular health and preventing the development of endothelial dysfunction. However, their poor bioavailability raises the question of whether the observed biological activity is due to their metabolites. Phenolic metabolites can reach higher plasma concentrations and can persist in the circulation for periods much longer than their original anthocyanin form; therefore, the biological activity and health promoting effects of anthocyanins may differ from their metabolites. To address this, recent studies have facilitated different cell models, in vivo studies and explored physiologically relevant concentrations to better understand their mechanisms of action. The criteria were chosen based on previous reports demonstrating that anthocyanins can improve endothelial function via modulation of the Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-κB, which made it critical to assess the phenolic metabolites' modes of action via these pathways. This review demonstrates how phenolic metabolites differ in bioactivity from their precursor anthocyanin, demonstrating improved endothelial function in response to inflammatory mediators at concentrations that are tolerated in vivo. The review highlights the crucial need for further studies to focus on improving the bioavailability of metabolites in isolation and explore the effect of metabolites in mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Festa
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Aamir Hussain
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Zakia Al-Hareth
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Harprit Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Mariasole Da Boit
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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13
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Dai N, Zhao FF, Fang M, Pu FL, Kong LY, Liu JP. Gynostemma pentaphyllum for dyslipidemia: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917521. [PMID: 36091752 PMCID: PMC9459123 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the lipid-lowering effect and safety of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) used alone or as adjunctive therapy for dyslipidemia. Methods: Eight databases and three clinical trial registries were searched until January 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of GP for dyslipidemia were included. Trial quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. Data were analyzed by RevMan 5.4 with effects estimated as risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Twenty-two RCTs involving 2,407 dyslipidemia participants were included. Regarding the risk of bias, 14 RCTs had some concerns, seven RCTs were high, and one trial was low. GP was comparable to n-3 fatty acids (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.62-1.28) and red yeast rice (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.1-1.12) on normalization of serum lipids. GP plus n-3 fatty acid was superior in normalization of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) than n-3 fatty acids (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.01-1.77). GP was similar to lipid-lowering agents (statins, fibrates, and n-3 fatty acids) in regulating TG, TC, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). GP plus lipid-lowering agents were superior to lipid-lowering agents in TG (MD -0.65 mmol/L, 95% CI -1.03 to -0.28), LDL-C (MD -0.57 mmol/L, 95% CI -1.07 to -0.08), and HDL-C (MD 0.15 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.11-0.20). GP was inferior to red yeast rice in TC (MD 0.64 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.15-1.13), TG (MD 0.43 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.15-0.71), and HDL-C (MD -0.25 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.04). GP had fewer adverse events than lipid-lowering drugs. Conclusion: Very low certainty evidence showed that GP's effects on TC, TG, and HDL-C were comparable to that of lipid-lowering agents. Low certainty evidence showed that red yeast rice was superior to GP in TC, TG, and HDL-C. Low to moderate certainty evidence showed that the effects of GP plus lipid-lowering agents were superior to that of lipid-lowering agents on TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. GP use for more than 8 weeks appears safe. Systematic Review Registration: https://inplasy.com/, identifier INPLASY202210135.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Dai
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press, Beijing, China
| | - Min Fang
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Lan Pu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Yao Kong
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NAFKAM) Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, UiT The Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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