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Tapia-Pastrana G, Rojas-Bautista M, Hernández-Pérez P, Santiago-Martínez O, Gómez-Rodríguez LC, Terrazas-Luna VM, Montes-Yedra J, Bautista-Avendaño AA, García-López ES, Leon-Sicairos N, Angulo-Zamudio UA, Canizalez-Roman A. Virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance profile, phylotyping and pathotyping of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from children in Southwest Mexico. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300304. [PMID: 38470897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) strains are one of the most important etiology factors causing diarrhea in children worldwide, especially in developing countries. DEC strains have characteristic virulence factors; however, other supplemental virulence genes (SVG) may contribute to the development of diarrhea in children. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of DEC in children with diarrhea in southwestern Mexico and to associate childhood symptoms, SVG, and pathotypes with diarrhea-causing DEC strains. DEC strains were isolated from 230 children with diarrhea aged 0-60 months from the state of Oaxaca, southwestern Mexico; clinical data were collected, and PCR was used to identify SVG and pathotypes. Antibiotic resistance profiling was performed on DEC strains. 63% of samples were DEC positive, single or combined infections (two (21%) or three strains (1.3%)) of aEPEC (51%), EAEC (10.2%), tEPEC (5.4%), DAEC (4.8%), ETEC (4.1%), EIEC (1.4%), or EHEC (0.7%) were found. Children aged ≤ 12 and 49-60 months and symptoms (e.g., fever and blood) were associated with DEC strains. SVG related to colonization (nleB-EHEC), cytotoxicity (sat-DAEC and espC-tEPEC), and proteolysis (pic-aEPEC) were associated with DECs strains. E. coli phylogroup A was the most frequent, and some pathotypes (aEPEC-A, DAEC-B), and SVG (espC-B2, and sat-D) were associated with the phylogroups. Over 79% of the DEC strains were resistant to antibiotics, and 40% were MDR and XDR, respectively. In conclusion aEPEC was the most prevalent pathotype in children with diarrhea in this region. SVG related to colonization, cytotoxicity, and proteolysis were associated with diarrhea-producing DEC strains, which may play an essential role in the development of diarrhea in children in southwestern Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Tapia-Pastrana
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, Servicios de Salud, IMSS-Bienestar, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Metztli Rojas-Bautista
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Pilar Hernández-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Olegario Santiago-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Lucía C Gómez-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Víctor M Terrazas-Luna
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, Servicios de Salud, IMSS-Bienestar, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Jacobo Montes-Yedra
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas del Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Oaxaca, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Alfonso A Bautista-Avendaño
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas del Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Oaxaca, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Nidia Leon-Sicairos
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Adrian Canizalez-Roman
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
- The Women's Hospital, Secretariat of Health, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
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Rivero MA, Krüger A, Rodríguez EM, Signorini Porchietto ML, Lucchesi PMA. Seropositivity to Shiga toxin 2 among Argentinian urban and rural residents. Association with sociodemographic and exposure factors. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:e30-e37. [PMID: 34969078 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are enteric pathogens that cause hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Ruminants, especially cattle, are their main reservoir. This study describes the seroepidemiology of STEC in rural and urban populations in Argentina, a country with a high HUS incidence. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in patients without gastrointestinal symptoms. IgG antibodies against Stx2 were detected by western blotting. RESULTS Anti-Stx2 antibodies were detected in 14.56% of serum samples, more frequently in rural (19.38%) than urban residents (12%). Seropositivity was associated with lower socioeconomic status (SES). Among the other variables considered, thawing homemade hamburgers before cooking them, and the lack of knowledge about HUS were also associated with seropositivity. A multivariate logistic regression analysis performed with the variables that were statistically significant showed that only the SES index remained significant. As SES was measured based on several variables, we further analyzed each one of them and found that the lack of a high education level was statistically associated with seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS The present findings have implications for STEC prevention efforts, highlighting the importance of considering SES and risks factors linked to different SES levels when targeting consumer-level public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alejandra Rivero
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Krüger
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Mario Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Paula María Alejandra Lucchesi
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Evidence for an Inherited Contribution to Sepsis Susceptibility Among a Cohort of U.S. Veterans. Crit Care Explor 2022; 4:e0603. [PMID: 35036923 PMCID: PMC8754185 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyze a unique clinical and genealogical resource for evidence of familial clustering of sepsis to test for an inherited contribution to sepsis predisposition.
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Abstract
Acute bacterial gastroenteritis is among the most common infections worldwide, with millions of infections annually in the United States. Much of the illness is foodborne, occurring as both sporadic cases and large multistate outbreaks. Pathogen evolution through genetic exchange of virulence traits and antibiotic resistance determinants poses challenges for empiric therapy. Culture-independent diagnostic tests in clinical laboratories afford rapid diagnosis and expanded identification of pathogens. However, cultures remain important to generate sensitivity data and strain archiving for outbreak investigations. Most infections are self-limited, permitting judicious selection of antibiotic use in more severe forms of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Fleckenstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Campus Box 8051, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Infectious Disease Section, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Saint Louis Health Care System, 915 North Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63106, USA.
| | - F Matthew Kuhlmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Campus Box 8051, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alaullah Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Campus Box 8051, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Varga C, John P, Cooke M, Majowicz SE. Area-Level Clustering of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections and Their Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors in Ontario, Canada: An Ecological Study. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:438-447. [PMID: 33978473 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections are an important health burden for human populations in Ontario and worldwide. We assessed 452 STEC cases that were reported to Ontario's reportable disease surveillance system between 2015 and 2017. A retrospective scan statistic using a Poisson model was used to detect high-rate STEC clusters at the forward sortation area (FSA; the first three digits of a postal code) level. A significant spatial cluster in the southwest region of Ontario was identified. A case-case logistic regression analysis was applied to compare FSA-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics among STEC cases included inside the spatial cluster with cases outside of the cluster. Cases included in the spatial cluster had higher odds of living in FSAs with a low median family income, low proportion of lone-parent families, and low proportion of the visible minority population. In addition, STEC cases inside the cluster had higher odds of coming from rural FSAs. Our study demonstrated that STEC cases were spatially clustered in Ontario and their clustering was associated with FSA-level socioeconomic and demographic determinants of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Patience John
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Martin Cooke
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,Department of Sociology and Legal Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Shannon E Majowicz
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Su Z, Zhang L, Sun H, Hu Y, Fanning S, Du P, Cui S, Bai L. Characterization of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Cultured from Cattle Farms in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, During 2016-2017. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:761-770. [PMID: 33524305 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most outbreaks of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are attributed to consumption of contaminated foodstuffs including beef and dairy products. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of non-O157 STEC cultured from beef and dairy cattle and collected in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China. Results identified 67 non-O157 STEC recovered from the 793 samples including beef cattle (10.28%, 43/418) and dairy cattle (6.40%, 24/375). A total of 67 non-O157 STEC was sequenced allowing for in silico analyses of their serotypes, virulence genes, and identification of the corresponding multilocus sequence types (STs). Twenty-one O serogroups and nine H serotypes were identified and the dominant serotype identified was O22:H8. One stx1 subtype (stx1a) and four stx2 subtypes (2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d) were found in the 67 non-O157 STEC isolates. The results revealed that stx1a+stx2a-positive STEC isolates were predominant (32.83%, 22/67), followed by stx1a+stx2d (29.85%, 20/67) and stx2a alone (17.91%, 12/67). Non-O157 STEC isolates carried virulence genes ehxA (98.51%), subA (53.73%), and cdtB (17.91%). Of the four adherence-associated genes tested, eaeA was absent, whereas lpfA and iha were present in 67 and 55 non-O157 STEC isolates, respectively. The STEC isolates were divided into 48 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and 10 STs, and ST446 (O22:H8) was the dominant clone (22.38%). Our results revealed that there was a high genetic diversity among non-O157 STEC isolated from beef and dairy cattle, some of which have potential to cause human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqiang Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Honghu Sun
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.,Food Microbiology Lab, Chengdu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Food Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Séamus Fanning
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.,UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pengcheng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- Department of Food Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Li Bai
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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Libby T, Clogher P, Wilson E, Oosmanally N, Boyle M, Eikmeier D, Nicholson C, McGuire S, Cieslak P, Golwalkar M, Geissler A, Vugia D. Disparities in Shigellosis Incidence by Census Tract Poverty, Crowding, and Race/Ethnicity in the United States, FoodNet, 2004-2014. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa030. [PMID: 32099844 PMCID: PMC7032626 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shigella causes an estimated 500 000 enteric illnesses in the United States annually, but the association with socioeconomic factors is unclear. Methods We examined possible epidemiologic associations between shigellosis and poverty using 2004–2014 Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) data. Shigella cases (n = 21 246) were geocoded, linked to Census tract data from the American Community Survey, and categorized into 4 poverty and 4 crowding strata. For each stratum, we calculated incidence by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and FoodNet site. Using negative binomial regression, we estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing the highest to lowest stratum. Results Annual FoodNet Shigella incidence per 100 000 population was higher among children <5 years old (19.0), blacks (7.2), and Hispanics (5.6) and was associated with Census tract poverty (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5–3.8) and household crowding (IRR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.7–1.9). The association with poverty was strongest among children and persisted regardless of sex, race/ethnicity, or geographic location. After controlling for demographic variables, the association between shigellosis and poverty remained significant (IRR, 2.3; 95% CI, 2.0–2.6). Conclusions In the United States, Shigella infections are epidemiologically associated with poverty, and increased incidence rates are observed among young children, blacks, and Hispanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Libby
- California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Paula Clogher
- Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Elisha Wilson
- Emerging Infections Program, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Dana Eikmeier
- Minnesota Department of Health, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cynthia Nicholson
- University of New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Suzanne McGuire
- Emerging Infections Program, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Paul Cieslak
- Emerging Infections Program, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Aimee Geissler
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Duc Vugia
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
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8
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Hadler JL, Clogher P, Libby T, Wilson E, Oosmanally N, Ryan P, Magnuson L, Lathrop S, Mcguire S, Cieslak P, Fankhauser M, Ray L, Geissler A, Hurd S. Relationship Between Census Tract–Level Poverty and Domestically Acquired Salmonella Incidence: Analysis of Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network Data, 2010–2016. J Infect Dis 2019; 222:1405-1412. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The relationships between socioeconomic status and domestically acquired salmonellosis and leading Salmonella serotypes are poorly understood.
Methods
We analyzed surveillance data from laboratory-confirmed cases of salmonellosis from 2010–2016 for all 10 Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites, having a catchment population of 47.9 million. Case residential data were geocoded, linked to census tract poverty level, and then categorized into 4 groups according to census tract poverty level. After excluding those reporting international travel before illness onset, age-specific and age-adjusted salmonellosis incidence rates were calculated for each census tract poverty level, overall and for each of the 10 leading serotypes.
Results
Of 52 821geocodable Salmonella infections (>96%), 48 111 (91.1%) were domestically acquired. Higher age-adjusted incidence occurred with higher census tract poverty level (P < .001; relative risk for highest [≥20%] vs lowest [<5%] census tract poverty level, 1.37). Children <5 years old had the highest relative risk (2.07). Although this relationship was consistent by race/ethnicity and by serotype, it was not present in 5 FoodNet sites or among those aged 18–49 years.
Conclusion
Children and older adults living in higher-poverty census tracts have had a higher incidence of domestically acquired salmonellosis. There is a need to understand socioeconomic status differences for risk factors for domestically acquired salmonellosis by age group and FoodNet site to help focus prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Hadler
- Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paula Clogher
- Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tanya Libby
- California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Elisha Wilson
- Emerging Infections Program, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Nadine Oosmanally
- Emerging Infections Program, Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Patricia Ryan
- Emerging Infections Program, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luke Magnuson
- Emerging Infections Program, Minnesota Department of Health, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah Lathrop
- Emerging Infections Program, New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Suzanne Mcguire
- Emerging Infections Program, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Paul Cieslak
- Emerging Infections Program, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Melissa Fankhauser
- Emerging Infections Program, Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Logan Ray
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aimee Geissler
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sharon Hurd
- Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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