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Alabiad MA, Elhasadi I, Alnasser SM, Alorini M, Alshaikh ABA, Jaber FA, Shalaby AM, Samy W, Heraiz AI, Mohammed Albakoush KM, Khairy DA. Effect of Aromatase Inhibitor Letrozole on the Placenta of Adult Albino Rats: A Histopathological, Immunohistochemical, and Biochemical Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:46-56. [PMID: 38322160 PMCID: PMC10839141 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.96905.2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, has recently been introduced as the preferred treatment option for ectopic pregnancy. To date, no study has investigated the effect of letrozole alone on placental tissue. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of letrozole on the placenta of rats and to clarify the underlying mechanism. Methods Sixty pregnant female rats were equally divided into three groups, namely the control group (GI), low-dose (0.5 mg/Kg/day) letrozole group (GII), which is equivalent to the human daily dose (HED) of 5 mg, and high-dose (1 mg/Kg/day) letrozole group (GIII), equivalent to the HED of 10 mg. Letrozole was administered by oral gavage daily from day 6 to 16 of gestation. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test and Chi square test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Compared to the GI and GII groups, high-dose letrozole significantly increased embryonic mortality with a high post-implantation loss rate (P<0.001) and significantly reduced the number of viable fetuses (P<0.001) and placental weight (P<0.001) of pregnant rats. Moreover, it significantly reduced placental estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) (P<0.001) and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (P<0.001), while increasing the apoptotic index of cleaved caspase-3 (P<0.001). Conclusion Letrozole inhibited the expression of ER and PR in rat placenta. It interrupted stimulatory vascular signals causing significant apoptosis and placental vascular dysfunction. Letrozole in an equivalent human daily dose of 10 mg caused a high post-implantation loss rate without imposing severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Alabiad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ibtesam Elhasadi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim, University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alorini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Baker A Alshaikh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima A Jaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Mohamed Shalaby
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Walaa Samy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail Heraiz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Dina Ahmed Khairy
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Quintin K, Loap P, Fourquet A, Kirova Y. Late hepatic toxicity after breast cancer intensity-modulated radiotherapy using helicoidal tomotherapy. Cancer Radiother 2023:S1278-3218(23)00073-2. [PMID: 37179220 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Helical tomotherapy (HT) is a rotational intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique that allows target conformal irradiation and efficient organs at risk (OAR) sparing in the case of complex target volumes and specific anatomic considerations, but increases the "low-dose bath" to non-target volumes. The aim of this study was to analyze the delayed hepatotoxicity after rotational IMRT (HT) radiation therapy for non-metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS This single-center retrospective study included all non-metastatic breast cancer patients with a normal pre-radiotherapy biological hepatic function who were treated with tomotherapy between January 2010 and January 2021 and for whom the dosimetric parameters for the whole liver were assessable. A logistic regression analysis was employed. The selected covariates for the multivariate analysis were those with a P-value that was less or equal to 0.20 in the univariate analysis. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were included in this study: 11 patients (22%) received Trastuzumab for 1 year in tumors with an HER2-expression; 27 patients (55%) received radiation therapy for cancer of the right or bilateral breasts; 43 patients (88%) received lymph node irradiation and 41 patients (84%) received a tumor bed boost. Mean and maximum doses to the liver were 2.8Gy [0.3-16.6] and 26.9Gy [0.7-51.7], respectively. With a median follow-up after irradiation was 5.4 years (range, 6 to 115 months), 11 patients (22%) had developed delayed low grade biological hepatic abnormalities: all patients had grade 1 delayed hepatotoxicity; 3 patients (6%) had additional grade 2 delayed hepatotoxicity. There was no hepatotoxicity at grade 3 or higher. According to the univariate and multivariate analysis, Trastuzumab was a significant predictive variable of late biological hepatotoxicity (OR=4.4 [1.01-20.18], P=0.04). No other variable was statistically associated with delayed biological hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION Delayed hepatotoxicity after multimodal non-metastatic breast cancer management including rotational IMRT was negligible. Consequently, the liver doesn't have to be considered like an organ-at-risk in the analysis of breast cancer radiotherapy but future prospectives studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Quintin
- Département d'oncologie radiothérapie, institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - P Loap
- Département d'oncologie radiothérapie, institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - A Fourquet
- Département d'oncologie radiothérapie, institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Y Kirova
- Département d'oncologie radiothérapie, institut Curie, Paris, France.
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Hassan N, Rashad M, Elleithy E, Sabry Z, Ali G, Elmosalamy S. L-Carnitine alleviates hepatic and renal mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic progression induced by letrozole in female rats through modulation of Nrf-2, Cyt c and CASP- 3 signaling. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:357-368. [PMID: 35176959 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2039180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Letrozole (LTZ) is a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor that is commonly used in breast cancer therapy. It has several side effects that might lead to the drug's cessation and data of LTZ's potential adverse effects on the hepatorenal microenvironment was conflicting. In addition, searching for therapeutic interventions that could modulate its adverse effects will be very beneficial. So, this study aims to determine the impact of LTZ on the hepatorenal microenvironment in cyclic female rats with a proposed regulatory role of L-Carnitine (LC) supplementation giving molecular insights into its possible mechanism of action. LTZ (1 mg/kg using 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose as a vehicle for 21 consecutive days orally) to assess its impact on hepatorenal microenvironment. After treatment with LC (100 mg/kg orally) for 14 days, hepatorenal redox state (lipid peroxides (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase enzyme (CAT)), as well as relative gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), cytochrome-c (Cyt c) and caspase-3 (CASP-3) were evaluated. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of CASP-3 in both liver and kidney were done. LTZ altered hepatic and renal functions. Relative gene expression of hepatorenal Nrf-2, Cyt c and CASP-3 as well as redox state revealed significant deterioration. Also, the liver and kidney tissues showed several micromorphological changes and intense reaction to CASP-3 upon immunohistochemical staining. It can be concluded that LC alleviates LTZ induced hepatorenal oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic progression through modulation of Nrf-2, Cyt c, and CASP-3 signaling in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neven Hassan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Maha Rashad
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Ebtihal Elleithy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Zainab Sabry
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Ghada Ali
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Sherif Elmosalamy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
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BOUTAS IOANNIS, KONTOGEORGI ADAMANTIA, KOUFOPOULOS NEKTARIOS, DIMITRAKAKIS CONSTANTINE, DIMAS DIONYSIOS, KALANTARIDOU SOPHIAN, KOROU LASKARINAMARIA, PERREA DESPOINA. Effect of Aromatase Inhibitors on Serum Calprotectin Levels in an Animal Experimental Model: Trial. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2022; 2:720-730. [PMID: 36340459 PMCID: PMC9628141 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Utilizing an experimental animal model, we investigated the correlation between aromatase inhibitors (AIs) (anastrozole and letrozole) and Calprotectin levels. AIs have demonstrated superior efficacy when used as adjuvant endocrine therapy or monotherapy for postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive early-stage breast cancer, although various side effects have been recorded. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five adult female Wistar rats were randomized and assigned into four groups. The control group received no intervention. The other three groups were subjected to ovariectomy, and serum Calprotectin levels were measured at baseline, 2, and 4 months. In addition, glucose, total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein- (VLDL-) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein- (HDL-) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured. Histological analysis of liver tissue was carried out following rats' euthanasia. RESULTS Aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole and letrozole) affect calprotectin levels in ovariectomized rats. Calprotectin, a marker of inflammation, was found to be affected by the use of the inhibitors. CONCLUSION The potential of hepatotoxicity can be examined by assessing the elevation of inflammation markers such as Calprotectin, which is an indicator that should be strictly taken into consideration when administering aromatase inhibitors as treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- IOANNIS BOUTAS
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research “N.S. Christeas”, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - ADAMANTIA KONTOGEORGI
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Chaidari, Greece
| | - NEKTARIOS KOUFOPOULOS
- Second Pathology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - CONSTANTINE DIMITRAKAKIS
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra University Hospital, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - SOPHIA N. KALANTARIDOU
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Chaidari, Greece
| | - LASKARINA-MARIA KOROU
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research “N.S. Christeas”, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - DESPOINA PERREA
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research “N.S. Christeas”, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Alabiad MA, Said WMM, Gad AH, Sharaf ElDin MTA, Khairy DA, Gobran MA, Shalaby AM, Samy W, Abdelsameea AA, Heraiz AI. Evaluation of Different Doses of the Aromatase Inhibitor Letrozole for the Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy and Its Effect on Villous Trophoblastic Tissue. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:2983-2994. [PMID: 35701686 PMCID: PMC9537218 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, has recently been introduced as a favorable medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy. We aimed at evaluating the effects of different doses of letrozole for termination of ectopic pregnancy and study their effects on villous trophoblastic tissue. Sixty patients with undisturbed ectopic pregnancy were classified into three equal groups. Group I: the control group that contained women who underwent laparoscopic salpingectomy, Group II: patients who received letrozole (5 mg day−1) for 10 days, and Group III: patients who received letrozole (10 mg day−1) for 10 days. Subsequently, the β-hCG levels were determined on the first day and after 11 days of treatment. Group IV consisted of patients of GII and GIII; their β-hCG did not drop below 100 mIU/ml within 11 days, and underwent salpingectomy. Placental tissues from patients undergoing salpingectomy either from the control group or GIV were processed for the evaluation of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cleaved caspase 3 (CC-3) expression. Cases exposed to high dose letrozole 10 mg day−1 resulted in a higher ectopic pregnancy resolution rate of 85% (17/20), while the resolution rate of the low dose letrozole-treated group (5 mg day−1) was 65% (13/20), and also showed a significant reduction in β-hCG levels on the 11th day, 25.63 ± 4.29 compared to the low dose letrozole group 37.91 ± 7.18 (P < 0.001), Meanwhile, the letrozole-treated group GIV showed markedly reduced expression of ER, PR, and VEGF and a significant increase in the apoptotic index cleaved caspase-3 compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The utilization of letrozole at a dose of 10 mg day−1 for medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy results in a high-successful rate without any severe side effects. Letrozole depriving the placenta of estrogen that had vascular supporting signals resulted in destroying the vascular network with marked apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Alabiad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Warda M. M. Said
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Abdalla Hassan Gad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Dina Ahmed Khairy
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Ahmed Gobran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Amany Mohamed Shalaby
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Walaa Samy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Ismail Heraiz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Chauhan G, Pathak DP, Ali F, Dubey P, Khasimbi S. In vitro Evaluation of Isatin derivatives as Potent Anti-Breast Cancer Agents against MCF-7, MDA MB 231, MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 Breast Cancers cell lines: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1883-1896. [PMID: 34477529 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210903130152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequent malignancy and most common reasons of impermanence in women. The backbone of therapy for BC is principally chemotherapy, but due to its non-specific nature between normal cells and cancer cells and severe side effects are the main barriers in its therapy. So, there is an intense requirement for the enlargement of more efficacious, more specific and safer anti-BC agents. OBJECTIVE Isatin (IST) is an endogenous molecule which is a principal class of heterocyclic compounds and exhibits a wide range of therapeutic activities which can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of several drug molecules. Many literatures were reported previously on different pharmacological activities of IST derivatives and particularly on anticancer activity but this review mainly focus on anti-BC activities of IST derivatives through MCF-7, MDA MB 231, MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 cell lines. Here in we mentioned, a total 33 IST derivatives (compound 24- 56) which shown good anti-BC activity. IST derived compounds are also available in market and are used for various cancer types like sunitinib for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and Nintedanib used for the cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis treatment but when evaluated for BC did not get much success. CONCLUSION This review mainly highlights anti-BC activities of various IST analogues using MCF-7, MDA MB 231, MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 cell lines, display the potent compound of the series and structure-activity relationships of compounds with molecular docking also. So, this study mainly shows the importance of IST as major sources for drug design and development of newer anti-BC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Dharam Pal Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Faraat Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Pragya Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Shaik Khasimbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi 110017, India
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Teschke R, Danan G. Worldwide Use of RUCAM for Causality Assessment in 81,856 Idiosyncratic DILI and 14,029 HILI Cases Published 1993-Mid 2020: A Comprehensive Analysis. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:E62. [PMID: 33003400 PMCID: PMC7600114 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: A large number of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (iDILI) and herb induced liver injury(HILI) cases of variable quality has been published but some are a matter of concern if the cases were not evaluated for causality using a robust causality assessment method (CAM) such as RUCAM (Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method) as diagnostiinjuryc algorithm. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the worldwide use of RUCAM in iDILI and HILI cases. Methods: The PubMed database (1993-30 June 2020) was searched for articles by using the following key terms: Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method; RUCAM; Idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury; iDILI; Herb induced liver injury; HILI. Results: Considering reports published worldwide since 1993, our analysis showed the use of RUCAM for causality assessment in 95,885 cases of liver injury including 81,856 cases of idiosyncratic DILI and 14,029 cases of HILI. Among the top countries providing RUCAM based DILI cases were, in decreasing order, China, the US, Germany, Korea, and Italy, with China, Korea, Germany, India, and the US as the top countries for HILI. Conclusion: Since 1993 RUCAM is certainly the most widely used method to assess causality in IDILI and HILI. This should encourage practitioner, experts, and regulatory agencies to use it in order to reinforce their diagnosis and to take sound decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, D-63450 Hanau, Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Gaby Danan
- Pharmacovigilance Consultancy, F-75020 Paris, France;
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Akhouri V, Kumar A, Kumari M. Antitumour Property of Pterocarpus santalinus Seeds Against DMBA-Induced Breast Cancer in Rats. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2020; 14:1178223420951193. [PMID: 32913391 PMCID: PMC7444153 DOI: 10.1177/1178223420951193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has been one of the most common form of malignancy globally among women, for more than a decade. Despite various preventive and treatment measures, it remains associated with high incidence and mortality rate. Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. f. has been extensively used in Indian medicine system Ayurveda, due to its various medicinal properties. However, despite various research works on the anticancer activity of P santalinus, no studies have been reported on animal model. Therefore, this study was aimed to decipher the antitumour activity of ethanolic seeds extract of P santalinus on DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene)-induced breast cancer in rats. Fifty-five-days-old weighed (150 ± 10 g) female Charles Foster rats (12 females) were used for the study. The rats were divided into 3 groups of 4 rats each. 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene (single dose of 20 mg/mL dissolved in olive oil) was induced orally, to develop breast tumour. After the development of breast tumours (about 0.5 cm), the rats were treated with P santalinus ethanolic seeds extract (300 mg/kg body weight/day) orally for 5 weeks and then volume of tumour was measured. Oral administration of P santalinus extract resulted in about 49.5% tumour growth inhibition in the final week of treatment in DMBA + P santalinus group as compared with the DMBA group. Pterocarpus santalinus administration also significantly reduced (P < .0001) the serum malondialdehyde level from 58.81 ± 4.09 nmol/mL in DMBA group to 10.87 ± 1.20 nmol/mL in the DMBA + P santalinus group. Serum tumour necrosis factor-α level reduced significantly (P < .0001) from 80.43 ± 2.45 pg/mL in DMBA group to 28.30 ± 3.24 pg/mL in the DMBA + P santalinus group. The blood serum glucose level also reduced significantly (P < .0001) from 205.9 ± 22.22 mg/dL in DMBA group to 86.44 ± 8.36 in DMBA + P santalinus group. There was significant (P < .0001) improvement in the both the liver and kidney serum biomarkers level after P santalinus administration. The histological study of mammary tissues of rats shows that, in the DMBA group immature fibrocytes are completely replacing the normal adipocytes suggestive of fibroma molle, whereas in the DMBA + P santalinus group mature fibrocytes with multilayer glandular cells were seen denoting fibroadenoma. Thus, the P santalinus ethanolic seed extract possesses antitumorigenic, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic properties as well as hepato-renal protective effect. Hence, it may be concluded that P santalinus has therapeutic role against DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats and has a greater potential to develop as a chemotherapeutic agent in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Akhouri
- Department of Biotechnology, Anugrah Narayan College, Patna, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Research Centre, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan & Research Centre, Patna, India
| | - Manorma Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Anugrah Narayan College, Patna, India
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Xie C, Abdullah HMA, Abdallah M, Quist E, Niazi M. Anastrozole-induced liver injury after a prolonged latency: a very rare complication of a commonly prescribed medication. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/11/e231741. [PMID: 31780604 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastrozole is an aromatase inhibitor that has been used more frequently over the last decade especially for oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. It has a relatively safe side effect profile. However, occasionally it has been associated with serious adverse events. Here, we present the case of a 58-year-old woman who presented with significantly elevated liver enzymes 4 years after starting anastrozole. She was not taking any other medications and an extensive workup did not reveal any other cause for her liver injury. The patient's liver enzymes normalised after discounting the anastrozole. She scored 4 on the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method grading system which was possible for drug-induced liver injury. A review of the literature revealed six prior cases of anastrozole-related liver injury. Anastrozole should be considered as a possible culprit in patients who develop an unexplained acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Xie
- Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | | | - Mohamed Abdallah
- Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Erin Quist
- Depratment of Pathology, Avera Mckennan University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Mumtaz Niazi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Coles N, Comeau I, Munoz T, Harrington J, Mendoza-Londono R, Schulze A, Kives S, Kamath BM, Hamilton J. Severe Neonatal Cholestasis as an Early Presentation of McCune-Albright Syndrome. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2019; 11:100-103. [PMID: 29991465 PMCID: PMC6398189 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2018.2018.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by café-au-lait macules, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and multiple endocrinopathies. Liver involvement, although described, is a rare complication. We review the case of a child with MAS whose initial presentation was characterized by severe neonatal cholestasis. The case demonstrates a severe phenotype of persistent cholestasis in MAS requiring liver transplantation. This phenotype has been previously considered to be a more benign feature. This case highlights the importance of consideration of MAS as an uncommon but important cause of neonatal cholestasis. Early diagnosis may allow for prompt recognition and treatment of other endocrinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Coles
- University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Clinic of Endocrinology, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ian Comeau
- Montreal Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Adolescent Medicine and Paediatric Gynaecology, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tatiana Munoz
- University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Clinic of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer Harrington
- University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Clinic of Endocrinology, Toronto, Canada
| | - Roberto Mendoza-Londono
- University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Clinic of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andreas Schulze
- University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Clinic of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sari Kives
- University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Clinic of Paediatric Gynaecology, Toronto, Canada
| | - Binita M. Kamath
- University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jill Hamilton
- University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Clinic of Endocrinology, Toronto, Canada,* Address for Correspondence: University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Clinic of Endocrinology, Toronto, Canada Phone: +4168135115 E-mail:
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