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Belykh E, Malik K, Simoneau I, Yagmurlu K, Lei T, Cavalcanti DD, Byvaltsev VA, Theodore N, Preul MC. Monsters and the case of L. Joseph: André Feil's thesis on the origin of the Klippel-Feil syndrome and a social transformation of medicine. Neurosurg Focus 2016; 41:E3. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.3.focus15488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
André Feil (1884–1955) was a French physician best recognized for his description, coauthored with Maurice Klippel, of patients with congenital fusion of cervical vertebrae, a condition currently known as Klippel-Feil syndrome. However, little is known about his background aside from the fact that he was a student of Klippel and a physician who took a keen interest in describing congenital anomalies. Despite the relative lack of information on Feil, his contributions to the fields of spinal disease and teratology extended far beyond science to play an integral role in changing the misguided perception shrouding patients with disfigurements, defects, deformities, and so-called monstrous births. In particular, Feil's 1919 medical school thesis on cervical abnormalities was a critical publication in defying long-held theory and opinion that human “monstrosities,” anomalies, developmental abnormalities, and altered congenital physicality were a consequence of sinful behavior or a reversion to a primitive state. Indeed, his thesis on a spinal deformity centering on his patient, L. Joseph, was at the vanguard for a new view of a patient as nothing less than fully human, no matter his or her physicality or appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Belykh
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
- 2Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Kashif Malik
- 3University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | | | - Kaan Yagmurlu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - Ting Lei
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - Daniel D. Cavalcanti
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | | | - Nicholas Theodore
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - Mark C. Preul
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
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da Costa PF. The understanding of monsters at the Royal Society in the first half of the eighteenth century. ENDEAVOUR 2000; 24:34-39. [PMID: 10824442 DOI: 10.1016/s0160-9327(00)01283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In tune with an Enlightenment sensibility that focused on the search for order and regularities, monsters were given a marginal position in eighteenth-century medical works. By contrast, they had an important place at the Royal Society during the second half of the century. This article first focuses on the general interest in monsters within the context of the natural historical agenda and corporate activity of the Society and then addresses the medical understanding of monsters by members of the Society. Finally, it discusses some of the moral and social implications of their medicalization in eighteenth century England.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F da Costa
- Dept of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, UK
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Broome R. Windows on other worlds: the rise and fall of sideshow alley. AUSTRALIAN HISTORICAL STUDIES 1999; 30:1-22. [PMID: 19400019 DOI: 10.1080/10314619908596084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the world of Sideshow Alley, which emerged from the ancient fair culture of Britain and took root in the agricultural show movement of Australia by the 1880s. There it flourished until the 1950s, when modernity and respectability caused its demise. The article also argues that Sideshow Alley was a place of power that helped to shape the identities of many Australians through the display of difference and that it also provided a site of agency for those displaying themselves.
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Walton MT, Fineman RM, Walton PJ. Of monsters and prodigies: the interpretation of birth defects in the sixteenth century. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 47:7-13. [PMID: 8368257 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320470103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the sixteenth century, a time of religious and social upheaval, naturalistic theories of generation were joined to ideas that monstrous births were divine signs. In this paper, we explore how medicine and theology were combined to explain the almost cataclysmic religious, social, and political events of the century.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Walton
- Office of Maternal/Infant Health and Genetics, Washington State Department of Health, Seattle
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Fabrega H. The culture and history of psychiatric stigma in early modern and modern Western societies: a review of recent literature. Compr Psychiatry 1991; 32:97-119. [PMID: 2022119 DOI: 10.1016/0010-440x(91)90002-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This report continues a review of literature pertaining to psychiatric stigma in Western societies. It concentrates on the early modern and modern periods. The general role played by the medical profession in these two periods with respect to those suffering from psychiatric illness is emphasized. In the initial phase, its largely scientific academic perspective was prominent, and the church's influence continued but became less important. In general, it was during these two periods that the state became increasingly influential in policies involving the institutionalization of marginal populations, including the mad and insane. Many "revisionist" historians have criticized the role played by the emerging psychiatric profession in this whole process and these writings are reviewed. Overall, a complex assortment of factors are seen to contribute to an accentuation of psychiatric stigma that had its roots in the classical and medieval periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fabrega
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
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Carey JS. The Quasimodo Complex: Deformity Reconsidered. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ETHICS 1990. [DOI: 10.1086/jce199001311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Haraway D. A manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, technology, and socialist feminism in the 1980s. AUSTRALIAN FEMINIST STUDIES 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/08164649.1987.9961538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Porter R. Spreading carnal knowledge or selling dirt cheap? Nicolas Venette's Tableau de l'amour conjugal in eighteenth century England. JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES 1984; 14:233-255. [PMID: 11617323 DOI: 10.1177/004724418401405601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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