1
|
Agudelo-Romero P, Fortes AM, Suárez T, Lascano HR, Saavedra L. Evolutionary insights into FYVE and PHOX effector proteins from the moss Physcomitrella patens. PLANTA 2020; 251:62. [PMID: 32040768 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide identification, together with gene expression patterns and promoter region analysis of FYVE and PHOX proteins in Physcomitrella patens, emphasized their importance in regulating mainly developmental processes in P. patens. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) is a signaling phospholipid, which regulates several aspects of plant growth and development, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The mechanistic insights underlying PtdIns3P mode of action, specifically through effector proteins have been partially explored in plants, with main focus on Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we searched for genes coding for PtdIns3P-binding proteins such as FYVE and PHOX domain-containing sequences from different photosynthetic organisms to gather evolutionary insights on these phosphoinositide binding domains, followed by an in silico characterization of the FYVE and PHOX gene families in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PpFYVE proteins can be grouped in 7 subclasses, with an additional subclass whose FYVE domain was lost during evolution to higher plants. On the other hand, PpPHOX proteins are classified into 5 subclasses. Expression analyses based on RNAseq data together with the analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements and transcription factor (TF) binding sites in promoter regions suggest the importance of these proteins in regulating stress responses but mainly developmental processes in P. patens. The results provide valuable information and robust candidate genes for future functional analysis aiming to further explore the role of this signaling pathway mainly during growth and development of tip growing cells and during the transition from 2 to 3D growth. These studies would identify ancestral regulatory players undertaken during plant evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, M082, Perth, 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, M316 Perth, Perth, 6009, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Trinidad Suárez
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hernán Ramiro Lascano
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- CONICET-Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Saavedra
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Resemann HC, Lewandowska M, G�mann J, Feussner I. Membrane Lipids, Waxes and Oxylipins in the Moss Model Organism Physcomitrella patens. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1166-1175. [PMID: 30698763 PMCID: PMC6553664 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The moss Physcomitrella patens receives increased scientific interest since its genome was sequenced a decade ago. As a bryophyte, it represents the first group of plants that evolved in a terrestrial habitat still without a vascular system that developed later in tracheophytes. It is easily transformable via homologous recombination, which enables the formation of targeted loss-of-function mutants. Even though genetics, development and life cycle in Physcomitrella are well studied nowadays, research on lipids in Physcomitrella is still underdeveloped. This review aims on presenting an overview on the state of the art of lipid research with a focus on membrane lipids, surface lipids and oxylipins. We discuss in this review that Physcomitrella possesses very interesting features regarding its membrane lipids. Here, the presence of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA) still shows a closer similarity to marine microalgae than to vascular plants. Unlike algae, Physcomitrella has a cuticle comparable to vascular plants composed of cutin and waxes. The presence of VLC-PUFA in Physcomitrella also leads to a greater variability of signaling lipids even though the phytohormone jasmonic acid is not present in this organism, which is different to vascular plants. In summary, the research on lipids in Physcomitrella is still in its infancy, especially considering membrane lipids. We hope that this review will help to promote the further advancement of lipid research in this important model organism in the future, so we can better understand how lipids are involved in the evolution of land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanno C Resemann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Milena Lewandowska
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin G�mann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kf de Campos M, Schaaf G. The regulation of cell polarity by lipid transfer proteins of the SEC14 family. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 40:158-168. [PMID: 29017091 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
SEC14 lipid transfer proteins are important regulators of phospholipid metabolism. Structural, genetic and cell biological studies in yeast suggest that they help phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)/phosphoinositide (PIP) kinases to overcome their intrinsic inefficiency to recognize membrane-embedded substrate, thereby playing a key role in PIP homeostasis. Genomes of higher plants encode a high number and diversity of SEC14 proteins, often in combination with other domains. The Arabidopsis SEC14-Nlj16 protein AtSFH1, an important regulator of root hair development, plays an important role in the establishment of PIP microdomains. Key to this mechanism is a highly specific interaction of the Nlj16 domain with PtdIns(4,5)P2 and an interaction-triggered oligomerization of the protein. Nlj16/PtdIns(4,5)P2 interaction depends on a polybasic motif similar to those identified in other regulatory proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marília Kf de Campos
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gabriel Schaaf
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu C, Ham BK, El-Shabrawi HM, Alexander D, Zhang D, Ryals J, Lucas WJ. Proteomics and metabolomics analyses reveal the cucurbit sieve tube system as a complex metabolic space. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:442-54. [PMID: 27155400 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant vascular system, and specifically the phloem, plays a pivotal role in allocation of fixed carbon to developing sink organs. Although the processes involved in loading and unloading of sugars and amino acids are well characterized, little information is available regarding the nature of other metabolites in the sieve tube system (STS) at specific sites along the pathway. Here, we elucidate spatial features of metabolite composition mapped with phloem enzymes along the cucurbit STS. Phloem sap (PS) was collected from the loading (source), unloading (apical sink region) and shoot-root junction regions of cucumber, watermelon and pumpkin. Our PS analyses revealed significant differences in the metabolic and proteomic profiles both along the source-sink pathway and between the STSs of these three cucurbits. In addition, metabolite profiles established for PS and vascular tissue indicated the presence of distinct compositions, consistent with the operation of the STS as a unique symplasmic domain. In this regard, at various locations along the STS we could map metabolites and their related enzymes to specific metabolic pathways. These findings are discussed with regard to the function of the STS as a unique and highly complex metabolic space within the plant vascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Byung-Kook Ham
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hattem M El-Shabrawi
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Plant Biotechnology Department, National Research Center, El-Behouth St, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | | | - William J Lucas
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mikami K. Structural divergence and loss of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C signaling components during the evolution of the green plant lineage: implications from structural characteristics of algal components. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:380. [PMID: 25140171 PMCID: PMC4122161 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Mikami
- Division of Marine Life Science, Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido UniversityHakodate, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Im YJ, Brglez I, Dieck C, Perera IY, Boss WF. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase assays. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1009:163-74. [PMID: 23681532 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-401-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Inositol lipid kinases are perhaps the easiest and most straightforward enzymes in the phosphoinositide pathway to analyze. In addition to monitoring lipid kinase-specific activity, lipid kinase assays can be used to quantify the inositol lipids present in isolated membranes (Jones et al., Methods Mol Biol 462:75-88, 2009). The lipid kinase assays are based on the fact that the more negatively charged phosphorylated lipid products are readily separated from their lipid substrates by thin layer chromatography. We have summarized our current protocols and identified important considerations for working with inositol lipids including different methods for substrate delivery when using recombinant proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ju Im
- Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu A, Gao F, Kanno Y, Jordan MC, Kamiya Y, Seo M, Ayele BT. Regulation of wheat seed dormancy by after-ripening is mediated by specific transcriptional switches that induce changes in seed hormone metabolism and signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56570. [PMID: 23437172 PMCID: PMC3577873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatments that promote dormancy release are often correlated with changes in seed hormone content and/or sensitivity. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of after-ripening (seed dry storage) in triggering hormone related changes and dormancy decay in wheat (Triticum aestivum), temporal expression patterns of genes related to abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), jasmonate and indole acetic acid (IAA) metabolism and signaling, and levels of the respective hormones were examined in dormant and after-ripened seeds in both dry and imbibed states. After-ripening mediated developmental switch from dormancy to germination appears to be associated with declines in seed sensitivity to ABA and IAA, which are mediated by transcriptional repressions of PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C, SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2, ABA INSENSITIVE5 and LIPID PHOSPHATE PHOSPHTASE2, and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR and RELATED TO UBIQUITIN1 genes. Transcriptomic analysis of wheat seed responsiveness to ABA suggests that ABA inhibits the germination of wheat seeds partly by repressing the transcription of genes related to chromatin assembly and cell wall modification, and activating that of GA catabolic genes. After-ripening induced seed dormancy decay in wheat is also associated with the modulation of seed IAA and jasmonate contents. Transcriptional control of members of the ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE, 3-KETOACYL COENZYME A THIOLASE, LIPOXYGENASE and 12-OXOPHYTODIENOATE REDUCTASE gene families appears to regulate seed jasmonate levels. Changes in the expression of GA biosynthesis genes, GA 20-OXIDASE and GA 3-OXIDASE, in response to after-ripening implicate this hormone in enhancing dormancy release and germination. These findings have important implications in the dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of seed dormancy in cereals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Liu
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yuri Kanno
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mark C. Jordan
- Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yuji Kamiya
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Belay T. Ayele
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vidali L, Bezanilla M. Physcomitrella patens: a model for tip cell growth and differentiation. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 15:625-31. [PMID: 23022392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The moss Physcomitrella patens has emerged as an excellent model system owing to its amenability to reverse genetics. The moss gametophyte has three filamentous tissues that grow by tip growth: chloronemata, caulonemata, and rhizoids. Because establishment of the moss plant relies on this form of growth, it is particularly suited for dissecting the molecular basis of tip growth. Recent studies demonstrate that a core set of actin cytoskeletal proteins is essential for tip growth. Additional actin cytoskeletal components are required for modulating growth to produce caulonemata and rhizoids. Differentiation into these cell types has previously been linked to auxin, light and nutrients. Recent studies have identified that core auxin signaling components as well as transcription factors that respond to auxin or nutrient levels are required for tip-growing cell differentiation. Future studies may establish a connection between the actin cytoskeleton and auxin or nutrient-induced cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vidali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saavedra L, Mikami K, Malhó R, Sommarin M. PIP kinases and their role in plant tip growing cells. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:1302-5. [PMID: 22902694 PMCID: PMC3493418 DOI: 10.4161/psb.21547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate, [PtdIns(4,5)P 2], is a signaling lipid involved in many important processes in animal cells such as cytoskeleton organization, intracellular vesicular trafficking, secretion, cell motility, regulation of ion channels, and nuclear signaling pathways. In the last years PtdIns(4,5)P 2 and its synthesizing enzyme, phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK), has been intensively studied in plant cells, revealing a key role in the control of polar tip growth. Analysis of the PIPK members from Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Physcomitrella patens showed that they share some regulatory features with animal PIPKs but also exert plant-specific modes of regulation. This review aims at giving an overview on the PIPK family from Arabidopsis thaliana and Physcomitrella patens. Even though their basic structure, modes of activation and physiological role is evolutionary conserved, modules responsible for plasma membrane localization are distinct for different PIPKs, depending on differences in physiological and/or developmental status of cells, such as polarized and non-polarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Saavedra
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa; Universidade de Lisboa; BioFIG; Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saavedra L, Balbi V, Lerche J, Mikami K, Heilmann I, Sommarin M. PIPKs are essential for rhizoid elongation and caulonemal cell development in the moss Physcomitrella patens. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 67:635-47. [PMID: 21554449 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PtdIns-4,5-bisphosphate is a lipid messenger of eukaryotic cells that plays a critical role in processes such as cytoskeleton organization, intracellular vesicular trafficking, secretion, cell motility, regulation of ion channels and nuclear signalling pathways. The enzymes responsible for the synthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P₂ are phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPKs). The moss Physcomitrella patens contains two PIPKs, PpPIPK1 and PpPIPK2. To study their physiological role, both genes were disrupted by targeted homologous recombination and as a result mutant plants with lower PtdIns(4,5)P₂ levels were obtained. A strong phenotype for pipk1, but not for pipk2 single knockout lines, was obtained. The pipk1 knockout lines were impaired in rhizoid and caulonemal cell elongation, whereas pipk1-2 double knockout lines showed dramatic defects in protonemal and gametophore morphology manifested by the absence of rapidly elongating caulonemal cells in the protonemal tissue, leafy gametophores with very short rhizoids, and loss of sporophyte production. pipk1 complemented by overexpression of PpPIPK1 fully restored the wild-type phenotype whereas overexpression of the inactive PpPIPK1E885A did not. Overexpression of PpPIPK2 in the pipk1-2 double knockout did not restore the wild-type phenotype demonstrating that PpPIPK1 and PpPIPK2 are not functionally redundant. In vivo imaging of the cytoskeleton network revealed that the shortened caulonemal cells in the pipk1 mutants was the result of the absence of the apicobasal gradient of cortical F-actin cables normally observed in wild-type caulonemal cells. Our data indicate that both PpPIPKs play a crucial role in the development of the moss P. patens, and particularly in the regulation of tip growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Saavedra
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mikami K, Saavedra L, Sommarin M. Is membrane occupation and recognition nexus domain functional in plant phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2010; 5:1241-4. [PMID: 20855959 PMCID: PMC3115357 DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.10.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) catalyzes a key step controlling cellular contents of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2], a critical intracellular messenger involved in vesicle trafficking and modulation of actin cytoskeleton and also a substrate of phospholipase C to produce the two intracellular messengers, diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. In addition to the conserved C-terminal PIPK catalytic domain, plant PIPKs contain a unique structural feature consisting of a repeat of membrane occupation and recognition nexus (MORN) motifs, called the MORN domain, in the N-terminal half. The MORN domain has previously been proposed to regulate plasma membrane localization and phosphatidic acid (PA)-inducible activation. Recently, the importance of the catalytic domain, but not the MORN domain, in these aspects was demonstrated. These conflicting data raise the question about the function of the MORN domain in plant PIPKs. We therefore performed analyses of PpPIPK1 from the moss Physcomitrella patens to elucidate the importance of the MORN domain in the control of enzymatic activity; however, we found no effect on either enzymatic activity or activation by PA. Taken together with our previous findings of lack of function in plasma membrane localization, there is no positive evidence indicating roles of the MORN domain in enzymatic and functional regulations of PpPIPK1. Therefore, further biochemical and reverse genetic analyses are necessary to understand the biological significance of the MORN domain in plant PIPKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Mikami
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mikami K, Saavedra L, Hiwatashi Y, Uji T, Hasebe M, Sommarin M. A dibasic amino acid pair conserved in the activation loop directs plasma membrane localization and is necessary for activity of plant type I/II phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 153:1004-15. [PMID: 20427464 PMCID: PMC2899925 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.152686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) is an enzyme involved in the regulation of cellular levels of phosphoinositides involved in various physiological processes, such as cytoskeletal organization, ion channel activation, and vesicle trafficking. In animals, research has focused on the modes of activation and function of PIPKs, providing an understanding of the importance of plasma membrane localization. However, it still remains unclear how this issue is regulated in plant PIPKs. Here, we demonstrate that the carboxyl-terminal catalytic domain, which contains the activation loop, is sufficient for plasma membrane localization of PpPIPK1, a type I/II B PIPK from the moss Physcomitrella patens. The importance of the carboxyl-terminal catalytic domain for plasma membrane localization was confirmed with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtPIP5K1. Our findings, in which substitution of a conserved dibasic amino acid pair in the activation loop of PpPIPK1 completely prevented plasma membrane targeting and abolished enzymatic activity, demonstrate its critical role in these processes. Placing our results in the context of studies of eukaryotic PIPKs led us to conclude that the function of the dibasic amino acid pair in the activation loop in type I/II PIPKs is plant specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Mikami
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ischebeck T, Seiler S, Heilmann I. At the poles across kingdoms: phosphoinositides and polar tip growth. PROTOPLASMA 2010; 240:13-31. [PMID: 20091065 PMCID: PMC2841259 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-009-0093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are minor, but essential phospholipid constituents of eukaryotic membranes, and are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes. Recent genetic and cell biological advances indicate that PIs play important roles in the control of polar tip growth in plant cells. In root hairs and pollen tubes, PIs control directional membrane trafficking required for the delivery of cell wall material and membrane area to the growing tip. So far, the exact mechanisms by which PIs control polarity and tip growth are unresolved. However, data gained from the analysis of plant, fungal and animal systems implicate PIs in the control of cytoskeletal dynamics, ion channel activity as well as vesicle trafficking. The present review aims at giving an overview of PI roles in eukaryotic cells with a special focus on functions pertaining to the control of cell polarity. Comparative screening of plant and fungal genomes suggests diversification of the PI system with increasing organismic complexity. The evolutionary conservation of the PI system among eukaryotic cells suggests a role for PIs in tip growing cells in models where PIs so far have not been a focus of attention, such as fungal hyphae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Seiler
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics; and DFG Research Center Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB), Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eklund DM, Svensson EM, Kost B. Physcomitrella patens: a model to investigate the role of RAC/ROP GTPase signalling in tip growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:1917-37. [PMID: 20368308 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polarized cell expansion plays an important role in plant morphogenesis. Tip growth is a dramatic form of this process, which is widely used as a model to study its regulation by RAC/ROP GTPase signalling. During the dominant haploid phase of its life cycle, the moss Physcomitrella patens contains different types of cells that expand by tip growth. Physcomitrella is a highly attractive experimental system because its genome has been sequenced, and transgene integration by homologous recombination occurs in this plant at frequencies allowing effective gene targeting. Furthermore, together with the vascular spikemoss Selaginella moellendorffii, whose genome has also been sequenced, the non-vascular moss Physcomitrella provides an evolutionary link between green algae and angiosperms. BLAST searches established that the Physcomitrella and Selaginella genomes encode not only putative RAC/ROP GTPases, but also homologues of all known regulators of polarized RAC/ROP signalling, as well as of key effectors acting in signalling cascades downstream of RAC/ROP activity. Nucleotide sequence relationships within seven different families of Physcomitrella, Selaginella, Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) genes with distinct functions in RAC/ROP signalling were characterized based on extensive maximum likelihood and Neighbor-Joining analyses. The results of these analyses are interpreted in the light of current knowledge concerning expression patterns and molecular functions of RAC/ROP signalling proteins in angiosperms. A key aim of this study is to facilitate the use of Physcomitrella as a model to investigate the molecular control of tip growth in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Magnus Eklund
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li L, Saga N, Mikami K. Ca2+ influx and phosphoinositide signalling are essential for the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity in monospores from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:3477-89. [PMID: 19531546 PMCID: PMC2724695 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetrical distribution of F-actin directed by cell polarity has been observed during the migration of monospores from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis. The significance of Ca2+ influx and phosphoinositide signalling during the formation of cell polarity in migrating monospores was analysed pharmacologically. The results indicate that the inhibition of the establishment of cell polarity, as judged by the ability of F-actin to localize asymmetrically, cell wall synthesis, and development into germlings, occurred when monospores were treated with inhibitors of the Ca2+ permeable channel, phospholipase C (PLC), diacylglycerol kinase, and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. Moreover, it was also found that light triggered the establishment of cell polarity via photosynthetic activity but not its direction, indicating that the Ca2+ influx and PLC activation required for the establishment of cell polarity are light dependent. By contrast, inhibition of phospholipase D (PLD) prevented the migration of monospores but not the asymmetrical localization of F-actin. Taken together, these findings suggest that there is functional diversity between the PLC and PLD signalling systems in terms of the formation of cell polarity; the former being critical for the light-dependent establishment of cell polarity and the latter playing a role in the maintenance of established cell polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Naotsune Saga
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Koji Mikami
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| |
Collapse
|