1
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Li Q, Zhai W, Wei J, Jia Y. Rice lipid transfer protein, OsLTPL23, controls seed germination by regulating starch-sugar conversion and ABA homeostasis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1111318. [PMID: 36726806 PMCID: PMC9885049 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed germination is vital for ensuring the continuity of life in spermatophyte. High-quality seed germination usually represents good seedling establishment and plant production. Here, we identified OsLTPL23, a putative rice non-specific lipid transport protein, as an important regulator responsible for seed germination. Subcellular localization analysis confirmed that OsLTPL23 is present in the plasma membrane and nucleus. The knockout mutants of OsLTPL23 were generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, and osltpl23 lines significantly germinated slower and lower than the Nipponbare (NIP). Starch and soluble sugar contents measurement showed that OsLTPL23 may have alpha-amylase inhibitor activity, and high soluble sugar content may be a causal agent for the delayed seed germination of osltpl23 mutants. Transcript profiles in the germinating seeds exhibited that the abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive genes, OsABI3 and OsABI5, and biosynthesis genes, OsNCED1, OsNCED2, OsNCED3 and OsNCED4, are obviously upregulated in the osltpl23 mutants compared to NIP plants, conversely, ABA metabolism genes OsABA8ox1, OsABA8ox2 and OsABA8ox3 are stepwise decreased. Further investigations found that osltpl23 mutants displays weakened early seedling growth, with elevated gene expresssion of ABA catabolism genes and repressive transcription response of defence-related genes OsWRKY45, OsEiN3, OsPR1a, OsPR1b and OsNPR1. Integrated analysis indicated that OsLTPL23 may exert an favorable effect on rice seed germination and early seedling growth via modulating endogenous ABA homeostasis. Collectively, our study provides important insights into the roles of OsLTPL23-mediated carbohydrate conversion and endogenous ABA pathway on seed germination and early seedling growth, which contributes to high-vigor seed production in rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlin Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxue Zhai
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Jia
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yanfeng Jia,
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2
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Rahim MA, Umar M, Habib A, Imran M, Khalid W, Lima CMG, Shoukat A, Itrat N, Nazir A, Ejaz A, Zafar A, Awuchi CG, Sharma R, Santana RF, Emran TB. Photochemistry, Functional Properties, Food Applications, and Health Prospective of Black Rice. J CHEM-NY 2022; 2022:1-21. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2755084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review investigates black rice’s photochemistry, functional properties, food applications, and health prospects. There are different varieties of black rice available in the world. The origins of this product can be traced back to Asian countries. This rice is also known as prohibited rice, emperor’s rice, and royal’s rice. Black rice is composed of different nutrients including fiber, protein, carbohydrates, potassium, and vitamin B complex. It contains an antioxidant called anthocyanin and tocopherols. Antioxidants are found mostly in foods that are black or dark purple. Due to its nutritious density, high fiber level, and high antioxidant content, black rice is a good alternative to white and brown rice. Utilizing black rice in various foods can enhance the nutritional value of food and be transformed into functional food items. Many noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) can be prevented by eating black rice daily, including cancer cells, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, asthma, digestive health, and stroke risk. This review aim was to discuss the role of nutritional and functional properties of black rice in the formation of functional food against different noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdul Rahim
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Umar
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Habib
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Aurbab Shoukat
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nizwa Itrat
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anum Nazir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Afaf Ejaz
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amna Zafar
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Box 20000 Kansanga, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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3
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Bioactive Compounds and Quality Evaluation of Red-Pigmented Rice Processed by Germination and Roasting. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182735. [PMID: 36140864 PMCID: PMC9497699 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Red-pigmented rice was germinated and processed to develop germinated red rice tea, and the changes in physicochemical, bioactive, and microbial properties due to germination and roasting were investigated. The moisture and crude ash contents of red rice decreased after germination and roasting. Crude protein and crude fat contents increased after germination but slightly decreased after roasting. Total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities) increased following germination and heat treatment. However, the increased levels of γ-amino butyric acid after germination significantly decreased during the subsequent roasting step. In addition, total bacteria, yeast, and mold counts increased during the germination process but decreased after heat treatment as compared to those in the original grain; Escherichia coli was not detected. Therefore, germination and subsequent roasting could effectively enhance the contents of the most bioactive compounds and maintain microbial stability in red-pigmented rice.
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4
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Li X, Zhou H, Xiao N, Wu X, Shan Y, Chen L, Wang C, Wang Z, Huang J, Li A, Li X. Expanding the Coverage of Metabolic Landscape in Cultivated Rice with Integrated Computational Approaches. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:702-714. [PMID: 33631426 PMCID: PMC9880819 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Genome-scale metabolomics analysis is increasingly used for pathway and function discovery in the post-genomics era. The great potential offered by developed mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies has been hindered, since only a small portion of detected metabolites were identifiable so far. To address the critical issue of low identification coverage in metabolomics, we adopted a deep metabolomics analysis strategy by integrating advanced algorithms and expanded reference databases. The experimental reference spectra and in silico reference spectra were adopted to facilitate the structural annotation. To further characterize the structure of metabolites, two approaches were incorporated into our strategy, i.e., structural motif search combined with neutral loss scanning and metabolite association network. Untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed on 150 rice cultivars using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap MS. Consequently, a total of 1939 out of 4491 metabolite features in the MS/MS spectral tag (MS2T) library were annotated, representing an extension of annotation coverage by an order of magnitude in rice. The differential accumulation patterns of flavonoids between indica and japonica cultivars were revealed, especially O-sulfated flavonoids. A series of closely-related flavonolignans were characterized, adding further evidence for the crucial role of tricin-oligolignols in lignification. Our study provides an important protocol for exploring phytochemical diversity in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology / National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences / Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology / National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences / Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Xiao
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225007, China
| | - Xueting Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology / National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences / Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanhong Shan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology / National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences / Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Longxian Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology / National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences / Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cuiting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology / National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences / Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology / National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences / Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Aihong Li
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225007, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Xuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology / National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences / Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Corresponding authors.
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5
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Gao HY, Liu Y, Tan FF, Zhu LW, Jia KZ, Tang YJ. Advances and Challenges in Enzymatic C-glycosylation of Flavonoids in Plants. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1466-1479. [PMID: 35466866 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220422085128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid glycosides play required determinant roles in plants and have considerable potential for applications in medicine and biotechnology. Glycosyltransferases transfer a sugar moiety from uridine diphosphate-activated sugar molecules to an acceptor flavonoid via C-O and C-C linkages. Compared with O-glycosylflavonoids, C-glycosylflavonoids are more stable, are resistant to glycosidase or acid hydrolysis, exhibit better pharmacological properties, and have received more attention. Herein, we discuss the mining of C-glycosylflavones and the corresponding C-glycosyltransferases and evaluate the differences in structure and catalytic mechanisms between C-glycosyltransferase and O-glycosyltransferase. We conclude that promiscuity and specificity are key determinants for general flavonoid C-glycosyltransferase engineering and summarize the C-glycosyltransferase engineering strategy. A thorough understanding of the properties, catalytic mechanisms, and engineering of C-glycosyltransferases will be critical for any future biotechnological applications in areas such as the production of desired C-glycosylflavonoids for nutritional or medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yao Gao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Fei-Fan Tan
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Li-Wen Zhu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Kai-Zhi Jia
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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6
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Tiozon RJN, Sartagoda KJD, Fernie AR, Sreenivasulu N. The nutritional profile and human health benefit of pigmented rice and the impact of post-harvest processes and product development on the nutritional components: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-28. [PMID: 34709089 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1995697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pigmented rice has attracted considerable attention due to its nutritional value, which is in large conferred by its abundant content of phenolic compounds, considerable micronutrient concentrations, as well as its higher resistant starch and thereby slower digestibility properties. A wide range of phenolic compounds identified in pigmented rice exhibit biological activities such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Post-harvest processes significantly reduce the levels of these phytochemicals, but recent developments in processing methods have allowed greater retention of their contents. Pigmented rice has also been converted to different products for food preservation and to derive functional foods. Profiling a large set of pigmented rice cultivars will thus not only provide new insights into the phytochemical diversity of rice and the genes underlying the vast array of secondary metabolites present in this species but also provide information concerning their nutritional benefits, which will be instrumental in breeding healthier rice. The present review mainly focuses on the nutritional composition of pigmented rice and how it can impact human health alongside the effects of post-harvest processes and product development methods to retain the ambient level of phytochemicals in the final processed form in which it is consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhowell Jr N Tiozon
- Consumer-driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.,Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kristel June D Sartagoda
- Consumer-driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
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7
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Varshney M, Kumar B, Rana VS, Sethiya NK. An overview on therapeutic and medicinal potential of poly-hydroxy flavone viz. Heptamethoxyflavone, Kaempferitrin, Vitexin and Amentoflavone for management of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: a critical analysis on mechanistic insight. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2749-2772. [PMID: 34590507 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1980761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders occur when nerve cells in the brain or peripheral nervous system partial or complete fail in their functions and sometimes even die due to some injuries or aging. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD), have been majorly resulted due to degeneration of neurons and neuroinflammation progressively. There are many similarities that correlates both AD and PD on a cellular and sub-cellular level. Therefore, a hope for therapeutic advancement for simultaneous upgradation in both the diseases are directly depending on the discovery of common mechanism at molecular and cellular level. Recent and past evidences from scientific literature supporting the efficacy of plants flavonoids in treatment and protection of both AD and PD. Further, dietary flavones, specially Heptamethoxyflavone, Kaempferitrin, Vitexin and Amentoflavone gains recently much more attention for producing many health beneficiary effects including neuroprotection. Despite of these evidence a detailed updated overview of neuroprotective effects against both AD and PD by Heptamethoxyflavone, Kaempferitrin, Vitexin and Amentoflavone are still missing. In this context several published studies were assessed by using various online electronic search engines/databases to meet the objective from 1981 to 2021 (Approx. 224). Therefore, present review was designed to deliver the detailed description on these flavones including therapeutic benefits in AD, PD and other CNS complications with critical analysis on underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, India
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8
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Lap B, Rai M, Tyagi W. Playing with colours: genetics and regulatory mechanisms for anthocyanin pathway in cereals. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2021; 37:1-29. [PMID: 34470563 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2021.1928991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cereals form the most important source of energy in our food. Currently, demand for coloured food grains is significantly increasing globally because of their antioxidant properties and enhanced nutritional value. Coloured grains of major and minor cereals are due to accumulation of secondary metabolites like carotenoids and flavonoids such as anthocyanin, proanthocyanin, phlobaphenes in pericarp, aleurone, lemma, testa or seed coat of grains. Differential accumulation of colour in grains is regulated by several regulatory proteins and enzymes involved in flavonoid and caroteniod biosynthesis. MYB and bHLH gene family members are the major regulators of these pathways. Genes for colour across various cereals have been extensively studied; however, only a few functional and allele-specific markers to be utilized directly in breeding programmes are reported so far. In this review, while briefly discussing the well studied and explored carotenoid pathway, we focus on a much more complex anthocyanin pathway that is found across cereals. The genes and their orthologs that are responsible for encoding key regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis are discussed. This review also focuses on the genetic factors that influence colour change in different cereal crops, and the available/reported markers that can be used in breeding programs for utilizing this pathway for enhancing food and nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Lap
- School of Crop Improvement, CPGS-AS, CAU (I), Umiam, India
| | - Mayank Rai
- School of Crop Improvement, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal) College of Post-Graduate Studies, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Wricha Tyagi
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Umiam, India
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9
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Lam PY, Lui ACW, Wang L, Liu H, Umezawa T, Tobimatsu Y, Lo C. Tricin Biosynthesis and Bioengineering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:733198. [PMID: 34512707 PMCID: PMC8426635 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.733198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tricin (3',5'-dimethoxyflavone) is a specialized metabolite which not only confers stress tolerance and involves in defense responses in plants but also represents a promising nutraceutical. Tricin-type metabolites are widely present as soluble tricin O-glycosides and tricin-oligolignols in all grass species examined, but only show patchy occurrences in unrelated lineages in dicots. More strikingly, tricin is a lignin monomer in grasses and several other angiosperm species, representing one of the "non-monolignol" lignin monomers identified in nature. The unique biological functions of tricin especially as a lignin monomer have driven the identification and characterization of tricin biosynthetic enzymes in the past decade. This review summarizes the current understanding of tricin biosynthetic pathway in grasses and tricin-accumulating dicots. The characterized and potential enzymes involved in tricin biosynthesis are highlighted along with discussion on the debatable and uncharacterized steps. Finally, current developments of bioengineering on manipulating tricin biosynthesis toward the generation of functional food as well as modifications of lignin for improving biorefinery applications are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Ying Lam
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andy C. W. Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lanxiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Tobimatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Clive Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Ling QL, Feng YX, Lu CJ, Lin YJ, Yu XZ. Genetic variation and gene expression of anthocyanin synthesis and transport related enzymes in Oryza sativa against thiocyanate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:18-26. [PMID: 33453461 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants exposed to environmental contaminants often synthesize anthocyanins (ATHs) as an approach to safeguard themselves from adverse impact. However, the overload of ATHs in plant cells can threaten their growth and development through proteins oxidization and intercalating with DNAs inside cells. In the present study, a microcosm hydroponic experiment was conducted using rice seedlings to investigate the molecular signaling pathways involved in regulating and controlling ATHs synthesis and transport exposed to thiocyanate (SCN-). Our results indicated that SCN- exposure significantly (p < 0.05) increased the expression of ATHs synthesis related genes (i.e., PAL, CHS, ANS, UFGT genes) in rice tissues, altered the activities of these ATHs synthesis related enzymes, and consequently elevated the ATHs content. However, SCN- exposure significantly decreased the expression of ATHs transport related genes (i.e., GST, ABC, MATE genes) in rice seedlings, suggesting that SCN- exposure have restrained ATHs transport from cytosol to vacuole in cells, eventually posing a significant adverse effect on cells survival. Our findings highlight on one of the plant aspects in managing the toxicity triggered by secondary metabolites under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Long Ling
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yu-Xi Feng
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Chun-Jiao Lu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
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11
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Dissection of the general two-step di- C-glycosylation pathway for the biosynthesis of (iso)schaftosides in higher plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30816-30823. [PMID: 33199630 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012745117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schaftoside and isoschaftoside are bioactive natural products widely distributed in higher plants including cereal crops and medicinal herbs. Their biosynthesis may be related with plant defense. However, little is known on the glycosylation biosynthetic pathway of these flavonoid di-C-glycosides with different sugar residues. Herein, we report that the biosynthesis of (iso)schaftosides is sequentially catalyzed by two C-glycosyltransferases (CGTs), i.e., CGTa for C-glucosylation of the 2-hydroxyflavanone aglycone and CGTb for C-arabinosylation of the mono-C-glucoside. The two enzymes of the same plant exhibit high homology but remarkably different sugar acceptor and donor selectivities. A total of 14 CGTa and CGTb enzymes were cloned and characterized from seven dicot and monocot plants, including Scutellaria baicalensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Oryza sativa ssp. japonica, and Zea mays, and the in vivo functions for three enzymes were verified by RNA interference and overexpression. Through transcriptome analysis, we found homologous genes in 119 other plants, indicating this pathway is general for the biosynthesis of (iso)schaftosides. Furthermore, we resolved the crystal structures of five CGTs and realized the functional switch of SbCGTb to SbCGTa by structural analysis and mutagenesis of key amino acids. The CGT enzymes discovered in this paper allow efficient synthesis of (iso)schaftosides, and the general glycosylation pathway presents a platform to study the chemical defense mechanisms of higher plants.
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12
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Dueñas M, Sánchez-Acevedo T, Alcalde-Eon C, Escribano-Bailón MT. Effects of different industrial processes on the phenolic composition of white and brown teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter). Food Chem 2020; 335:127331. [PMID: 32739802 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Teff is currently being incorporated into a range of foodstuffs, especially gluten-free flakes and extruded products. The main objective of this work was to assess the effects of different treatments (industrial milling, formation of flakes and extrusion) on the phenolic composition of two types of teff grains differing in their colour (white and brown). Fifty-nine phenolic compounds were detected by HPLC-DAD-MSn. C-glycosyl flavones accounted for more than 90% of the total phenolic contents in both teff types. White teff mostly contained apigenin-derived flavones (86-92%), whereas luteolin derivatives prevailed in brown teff (91-94%). The industrial processes, mainly flaking and extrusion, caused marked changes in the phenolic composition, some of which were dependent on the teff type. In both teff types, processing changed the phenolic profiles similarly by increasing C-monoglycosyl flavones and decreasing acylated derivatives. However, the total content was increased in flakes and extruded products made only from brown teff grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Dueñas
- Grupo de Investigación de Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Tamara Sánchez-Acevedo
- Grupo de Investigación de Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Cristina Alcalde-Eon
- Grupo de Investigación de Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Escribano-Bailón
- Grupo de Investigación de Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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13
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Corso M, Perreau F, Mouille G, Lepiniec L. Specialized phenolic compounds in seeds: structures, functions, and regulations. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 296:110471. [PMID: 32540001 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a huge diversity of specialized metabolites (SM) throughout their life cycle that play important physiological and ecological functions. SM can protect plants and seeds against diseases, predators, and abiotic stresses, or support their interactions with beneficial or symbiotic organisms. They also have strong impacts on human nutrition and health. Despite this importance, the biosynthesis and biological functions of most of the SM remain elusive and their diversity and/or quantity have been reduced in most crops during domestication. Seeds present a large number of SM that are important for their physiological, agronomic, nutritional or industrial qualities and hence, provide interesting models for both studying biosynthesis and producing large amounts of specialized metabolites. For instance, phenolics are abundant and widely distributed in seeds. More specifically, flavonoid pathway has been instrumental for understanding environmental or developmental regulations of specialized metabolic pathways, at the molecular and cellular levels. Here, we summarize current knowledge on seed phenolics as model, and discuss how recent progresses in omics approaches could help to further characterize their diversity, regulations, and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Corso
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78000, Versailles, France.
| | - François Perreau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Loïc Lepiniec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78000, Versailles, France
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14
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Mbanjo EGN, Kretzschmar T, Jones H, Ereful N, Blanchard C, Boyd LA, Sreenivasulu N. The Genetic Basis and Nutritional Benefits of Pigmented Rice Grain. Front Genet 2020; 11:229. [PMID: 32231689 PMCID: PMC7083195 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the nutritional quality of rice grains through modulation of bioactive compounds and micronutrients represents an efficient means of addressing nutritional security in societies which depend heavily on rice as a staple food. White rice makes a major contribution to the calorific intake of Asian and African populations, but its nutritional quality is poor compared to that of pigmented (black, purple, red orange, or brown) variants. The compounds responsible for these color variations are the flavonoids anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin, which are known to have nutritional value. The rapid progress made in the technologies underlying genome sequencing, the analysis of gene expression and the acquisition of global 'omics data, genetics of grain pigmentation has created novel opportunities for applying molecular breeding to improve the nutritional value and productivity of pigmented rice. This review provides an update on the nutritional value and health benefits of pigmented rice grain, taking advantage of both indigenous and modern knowledge, while also describing the current approaches taken to deciphering the genetic basis of pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Gaby Nkouaya Mbanjo
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
- International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Tobias Kretzschmar
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Huw Jones
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nelzo Ereful
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Blanchard
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Lesley Ann Boyd
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Sano N, Takebayashi Y, To A, Mhiri C, Rajjou LC, Nakagami H, Kanekatsu M. Shotgun Proteomic Analysis Highlights the Roles of Long-Lived mRNAs and De Novo Transcribed mRNAs in Rice Seeds upon Imbibition. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2584-2596. [PMID: 31373371 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
During seed germination, proteins are translated not only from mRNAs newly transcribed upon imbibition but also from long-lived mRNAs that are synthesized during seed maturation and stored in the mature dry seeds. To clarify the distinct roles of proteins translated from long-lived mRNAs and de novo transcribed mRNAs in germinating rice embryos, proteome analysis based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combining the use of a transcriptional inhibitor was performed. We observed that α-amanitin significantly represses transcription in germinating embryos; nevertheless, the embryos could germinate, albeit slowly. The proteomic analysis revealed that a total of 109 proteins were translated from long-lived mRNAs associated with germination as well as 222 proteins whose expression were dependent on de novo transcription upon imbibition. Transcriptomic datasets available in public databases demonstrated that mRNAs of the 222 proteins notably increased during germination while those of the 109 proteins highly accumulated in dry embryos and constitutively expressed upon imbibition. Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that many of the 109 proteins from long-lived mRNAs are implicated in energy production such as glycolysis or annotated as nucleotide binding proteins, while the 222 proteins are involved in pathways such as pyruvate metabolism and TCA cycle following glycolysis, and momilactones biosynthesis. We propose that long-lived mRNAs support initial energy production and activation of translational machinery upon imbibition whereas de novo transcription accelerates the energy production after glycolysis, which enables rice seeds to germinate vigorously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Sano
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universit� Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Alexandra To
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universit� Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Corinne Mhiri
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universit� Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Loï C Rajjou
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universit� Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, Cologne, Germany
| | - Motoki Kanekatsu
- Department of Plant Production, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Poulev A, Heckman JR, Raskin I, Belanger FC. Tricin levels and expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in developing grains of purple and brown pericarp rice. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6477. [PMID: 30805251 PMCID: PMC6383554 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The methylated flavone tricin has been associated with numerous health benefits, including reductions in intestinal and colon cancers in animal models. Tricin is found in a wide range of plant species and in many different tissues. However, whole cereal grains, such as rice, barley, oats, and wheat, are the only food sources of tricin, which is located in the bran portion of the grain. Variation in tricin levels was found in bran from rice genotypes with light brown, brown, red, and purple pericarp color, with the purple pericarp genotypes having the highest levels of tricin. Here, we analyzed tricin and tricin derivative levels in developing pericarp and embryo samples of a purple pericarp genotype, IAC600, that had high tricin and tricin derivative levels in the bran, and a light brown pericarp genotype, Cocodrie, that had no detectable tricin or tricin derivatives in the bran. Tricin and tricin derivatives were detected in both the pericarp and embryo of IAC600 but only in the embryo of Cocodrie. The purple pericarp rice had higher total levels of free tricin plus tricin derivatives than the light brown pericarp rice. When expressed on a per grain basis, most of the tricin component of IAC600 was in the pericarp. In contrast, Cocodrie had no detectable tricin in the pericarp samples but did have detectable chrysoeriol, a precursor of tricin, in the pericarp samples. We also used RNA-Seq analysis of developing pericarp and embryo samples of the two cultivars to compare the expression of genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. The results presented here suggest that understanding the basis of tricin accumulation in rice pericarp may lead to an approach to increasing tricin levels in whole grain rice. From analysis of gene expression levels in the pericarp samples it appears that regulation of the flavone specific genes is independent of regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. It therefore may be feasible to develop brown pericarp rice cultivars that accumulate tricin in the pericarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Poulev
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph R Heckman
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Faith C Belanger
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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17
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Reis A, Boutet-Mercey S, Massot S, Ratet P, Zuanazzi JAS. Isoflavone production in hairy root cultures and plantlets of Trifolium pratense. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:427-442. [PMID: 30661155 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-02640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a Trifolium pratense hairy root (HR) production protocol and select HR lines with high isoflavone yield following elicitor treatments. RESULTS We obtained 13 independent HR lines, producing approximately three times more isoflavonoids than seedlings (3.3 mg/g dry weight) and in which 27 isoflavonoids were detected. Each HR line had its own isoflavonoid profile. These lines produced as major components daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A. Sucrose, salicylic acid (SA), yeast extract (YE) and flagellin 22 (flg22) were tested as elicitors. Using SA 140 mg/L, allowed the maximum isoflavonoid production in plantlets (11.9 mg/g dry weight) but reduced root growth, possibly as a result of its toxicity. The highest isoflavone production in HR (27.9 mg/g dry weight) was obtained using sucrose 60 g/L, for 3.5 days. CONCLUSION This work reports the high production of various isoflavonoids with T. pratense elicited HR cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Raw Material Production, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie Boutet-Mercey
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Sophie Massot
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France.
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - José Angelo Silveira Zuanazzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Raw Material Production, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
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18
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Francoz E, Lepiniec L, North HM. Seed coats as an alternative molecular factory: thinking outside the box. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:327-342. [PMID: 30056618 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed coats as commodities. Seed coats play important roles in the protection of the embryo from biological attack and physical damage by the environment as well as dispersion strategies. A significant part of the energy devoted by the mother plant to seed production is channeled into the production of the cell layers and metabolites that surround the embryo. Nevertheless, in crop species these are often discarded post-harvest and are a wasted resource that could be processed to yield co-products. The production of novel compounds from existing metabolites is also a possibility. A number of macromolecules are already accumulated in these maternal layers that could be exploited in industrial applications either directly or via green chemistry, notably flavonoids, lignin, lignan, polysaccharides, lipid polyesters and waxes. Here, we summarize our knowledge of the in planta biosynthesis pathways of these macromolecules and their molecular regulation as well as potential applications. We also outline recent work aimed at providing further tools for increasing yields of existing molecules or the development of novel biotech approaches, as well as trial studies aimed at exploiting this underused resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Francoz
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Loïc Lepiniec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Helen M North
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France.
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19
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Hydrothermal stability of phenolic extracts of brown rice. Food Chem 2018; 271:114-121. [PMID: 30236655 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The phenolics were extracted and purified from brown rice and twenty-seven compounds were identified, including six phenolic acids, four phenolic acid glycosides, and eight flavonoid glycosides. Afterwards, the hydrothermal stability of phenolic extracts of brown rice was investigated after treatment at 60, 80, or 100 °C for 120 min. After hydrothermal treatment, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and free glucose were increased, while the phenolic glycosides were decreased. In addition, the total phenolic and total flavonoid content were decreased by 5.7%-9.2% and 3.5%-5.8% after initial 30 min, and then they were slightly recovered after treatment for 120 min. Consequently, there was a slight reduction (<10%) in the total antioxidant activity of the phenolic extracts after hydrothermal treatment. These results suggest that hydrothermal treatment of phenolic extracts of brown rice made some phenolic glycosides deglycosylated, but does not lead to a large reduction in their overall antioxidant activity.
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20
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Variation in levels of the flavone tricin in bran from rice genotypes varying in pericarp color. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Kim B, Woo S, Kim MJ, Kwon SW, Lee J, Sung SH, Koh HJ. Identification and quantification of flavonoids in yellow grain mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Food Chem 2017; 241:154-162. [PMID: 28958514 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are naturally occurring phenolic compounds with potential health-promoting activities. Although anthocyanins and phenolic acids in coloured rice have been investigated, few studies have focused on flavonoids. Herein, we analysed flavonoids in a yellow grain rice mutant using UHPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-TOF-MS, and identified 19 flavonoids by comparing retention times and accurate mass measurements. Among them, six flavonoids, isoorientin, isoorientin 2″-O-glucoside, vitexin 2″-O-glucoside, isovitexin, isoscoparin 2″-O-glucoside and isoscoparin, were isolated and fully identified from the yellow grain rice mutant, and the levels were significantly higher than wild-type, with isoorientin particularly abundant in mutant embryo. Significant differences in total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were observed in mutant rice by DPPH, FRAP and TEAC assays. The results suggest that the representative six flavonoids may play an important role in colouration and antioxidant activity of embryo and endosperm tissue. The findings provide insight into flavonoid biosynthesis and the possibility of improving functionality in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Backki Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon 16429, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Wook Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Milyang 60463, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Lee
- Department of Crop Science, College of Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Koh
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Galland M, He D, Lounifi I, Arc E, Clément G, Balzergue S, Huguet S, Cueff G, Godin B, Collet B, Granier F, Morin H, Tran J, Valot B, Rajjou L. An Integrated "Multi-Omics" Comparison of Embryo and Endosperm Tissue-Specific Features and Their Impact on Rice Seed Quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1984. [PMID: 29213276 PMCID: PMC5702907 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although rice is a key crop species, few studies have addressed both rice seed physiological and nutritional quality, especially at the tissue level. In this study, an exhaustive "multi-omics" dataset on the mature rice seed was obtained by combining transcriptomics, label-free shotgun proteomics and metabolomics from embryo and endosperm, independently. These high-throughput analyses provide a new insight on the tissue-specificity related to rice seed quality. Foremost, we pinpointed that extensive post-transcriptional regulations occur at the end of rice seed development such that the embryo proteome becomes much more diversified than the endosperm proteome. Secondly, we observed that survival in the dry state in each seed compartment depends on contrasted metabolic and enzymatic apparatus in the embryo and the endosperm, respectively. Thirdly, it was remarkable to identify two different sets of starch biosynthesis enzymes as well as seed storage proteins (glutelins) in both embryo and endosperm consistently with the supernumerary embryo hypothesis origin of the endosperm. The presence of a putative new glutelin with a possible embryonic favored abundance is described here for the first time. Finally, we quantified the rate of mRNA translation into proteins. Consistently, the embryonic panel of protein translation initiation factors is much more diverse than that of the endosperm. This work emphasizes the value of tissue-specificity-centered "multi-omics" study in the seed to highlight new features even from well-characterized pathways. It paves the way for future studies of critical genetic determinants of rice seed physiological and nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Galland
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Versailles, France
| | - Dongli He
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Imen Lounifi
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Versailles, France
| | - Erwann Arc
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Versailles, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Versailles, France
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- IPS2, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (INRA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay), POPS-Transcriptomic Platform, Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Orsay, France
| | - Stéphanie Huguet
- IPS2, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (INRA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay), POPS-Transcriptomic Platform, Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Orsay, France
| | - Gwendal Cueff
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Versailles, France
| | - Béatrice Godin
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Versailles, France
| | - Boris Collet
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Versailles, France
| | - Fabienne Granier
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Versailles, France
| | - Halima Morin
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Versailles, France
| | - Joseph Tran
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Versailles, France
| | - Benoit Valot
- GQE-Le Moulon, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution (INRA Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay), PAPPSO-Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud-Ouest, Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Versailles, France
- *Correspondence: Loïc Rajjou
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23
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Park S, Choi MJ, Lee JY, Kim JK, Ha SH, Lim SH. Molecular and Biochemical Analysis of Two Rice Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase to Evaluate Their Roles in Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Rice Grain. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1549. [PMID: 27649148 PMCID: PMC5037822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, the major flavonoids in black and red rice grains, respectively, are mainly derived from 3',4'-dihydroxylated leucocyanidin. 3'-Hydroxylation of flavonoids in rice is catalyzed by flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H: EC 1.14.13.21). We isolated cDNA clones of the two rice F3'H genes (CYP75B3 and CYP75B4) from Korean varieties of white, black, and red rice. Sequence analysis revealed allelic variants of each gene containing one or two amino acid substitutions. Heterologous expression in yeast demonstrated that CYP75B3 preferred kaempferol to other substrates, and had a low preference for dihydrokaempferol. CYP75B4 exhibited a higher preference for apigenin than for other substrates. CYP75B3 from black rice showed an approximately two-fold increase in catalytic efficiencies for naringenin and dihydrokaempferol compared to CYP75B3s from white and red rice. The F3'H activity of CYP75B3 was much higher than that of CYP75B4. Gene expression analysis showed that CYP75B3, CYP75B4, and most other flavonoid pathway genes were predominantly expressed in the developing seeds of black rice, but not in those of white and red rice, which is consistent with the pigmentation patterns of the seeds. The expression levels of CYP75B4 were relatively higher than those of CYP75B3 in the developing seeds, leaves, and roots of white rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu 54874, Korea.
| | - Min Ji Choi
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu 54874, Korea.
| | - Jong Yeol Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu 54874, Korea.
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu 54874, Korea.
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24
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Dwivedi SL, Upadhyaya HD, Chung IM, De Vita P, García-Lara S, Guajardo-Flores D, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Serna-Saldívar SO, Rajakumar G, Sahrawat KL, Kumar J, Ortiz R. Exploiting Phenylpropanoid Derivatives to Enhance the Nutraceutical Values of Cereals and Legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:763. [PMID: 27375635 PMCID: PMC4891577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are a diverse chemical class with immense health benefits that are biosynthesized from the aromatic amino acid L-phenylalanine. This article reviews the progress for accessing variation in phenylpropanoids in germplasm collections, the genetic and molecular basis of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and the development of cultivars dense in seed-phenylpropanoids. Progress is also reviewed on high-throughput assays, factors that influence phenylpropanoids, the site of phenylpropanoids accumulation in seed, Genotype × Environment interactions, and on consumer attitudes for the acceptance of staple foods rich in phenylpropanoids. A paradigm shift was noted in barley, maize, rice, sorghum, soybean, and wheat, wherein cultivars rich in phenylpropanoids are grown in Europe and North and Central America. Studies have highlighted some biological constraints that need to be addressed for development of high-yielding cultivars that are rich in phenylpropanoids. Genomics-assisted breeding is expected to facilitate rapid introgression into improved genetic backgrounds by minimizing linkage drag. More research is needed to systematically characterize germplasm pools for assessing variation to support crop genetic enhancement, and assess consumer attitudes to foods rich in phenylpropanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangam L. Dwivedi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsPatancheru, India
| | - Hari D. Upadhyaya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsPatancheru, India
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, USA
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la CerealicolturaFoggia, Italy
| | - Silverio García-Lara
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Daniel Guajardo-Flores
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Janet A. Gutiérrez-Uribe
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Sergio O. Serna-Saldívar
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Govindasamy Rajakumar
- Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Kanwar L. Sahrawat
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsPatancheru, India
| | | | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarp, Sweden
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Ogo Y, Mori T, Nakabayashi R, Saito K, Takaiwa F. Transgenic rice seed expressing flavonoid biosynthetic genes accumulate glycosylated and/or acylated flavonoids in protein bodies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:95-106. [PMID: 26438413 PMCID: PMC4682426 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specialized (or secondary) metabolites represent an important source of high-value chemicals. In order to generate a new production platform for these metabolites, an attempt was made to produce flavonoids in rice seeds. Metabolome analysis of these transgenic rice seeds using liquid chromatography-photodiode array-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was performed. A total of 4392 peaks were detected in both transgenic and non-transgenic rice, 20-40% of which were only detected in transgenic rice. Among these, 82 flavonoids, including 37 flavonols, 11 isoflavones, and 34 flavones, were chemically assigned. Most of the flavonols and isoflavones were O-glycosylated, while many flavones were O-glycosylated and/or C-glycosylated. Several flavonoids were acylated with malonyl, feruloyl, acetyl, and coumaroyl groups. These glycosylated/acylated flavonoids are thought to have been biosynthesized by endogenous rice enzymes using newly synthesized flavonoids whose biosynthesis was catalysed by exogenous enzymes. The subcellular localization of the flavonoids differed depending on the class of aglycone and the glycosylation/acylation pattern. Therefore, flavonoids with the intended aglycones were efficiently produced in rice seeds via the exogenous enzymes introduced, while the flavonoids were variously glycosylated/acylated by endogenous enzymes. The results suggest that rice seeds are useful not only as a production platform for plant-specialized metabolites such as flavonoids but also as a tool for expanding the diversity of flavonoid structures, providing novel, physiologically active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ogo
- Transgenic Crop Research and Development Centre, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Fumio Takaiwa
- Transgenic Crop Research and Development Centre, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Mazzoleni M, Figuet S, Martin-Laffon J, Mininno M, Gilgen A, Leroux M, Brugière S, Tardif M, Alban C, Ravanel S. Dual Targeting of the Protein Methyltransferase PrmA Contributes to Both Chloroplastic and Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein L11 Methylation in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1697-710. [PMID: 26116422 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of ribosomal proteins has long been described in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but our knowledge about the enzymes responsible for these modifications in plants is scarce. The bacterial protein methyltransferase PrmA catalyzes the trimethylation of ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11) at three distinct sites. The role of these modifications is still unknown. Here, we show that PrmA from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPrmA) is dually targeted to chloroplasts and mitochondria. Mass spectrometry and enzymatic assays indicated that the enzyme methylates RPL11 in plasto- and mitoribosomes in vivo. We determined that the Arabidopsis and Escherichia coli PrmA enzymes share similar product specificity, making trimethylated residues, but, despite an evolutionary relationship, display a difference in substrate site specificity. In contrast to the bacterial enzyme that trimethylates the ε-amino group of two lysine residues and the N-terminal α-amino group, AtPrmA methylates only one lysine in the MAFCK(D/E)(F/Y)NA motif of plastidial and mitochondrial RPL11. The plant enzyme possibly methylates the N-terminus of plastidial RPL11, whereas mitochondrial RPL11 is N-α-acetylated by an unknown acetyltransferase. Lastly, we found that an Arabidopsis prma-null mutant is viable in standard environmental conditions and no molecular defect could be associated with a lack of RPL11 methylation in leaf chloroplasts or mitochondria. However, the conservation of PrmA during the evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotes together with the location of methylated residues at the binding site of translation factors to ribosomes suggests that RPL11 methylation in plant organelles could be involved, in combination with other post-translational modifications, in optimizing ribosome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl Mazzoleni
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38041 Grenoble, France CNRS, UMR5168, F-38054 Grenoble, France CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France INRA, USC1359, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Figuet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38041 Grenoble, France CNRS, UMR5168, F-38054 Grenoble, France CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France INRA, USC1359, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Jacqueline Martin-Laffon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38041 Grenoble, France CNRS, UMR5168, F-38054 Grenoble, France CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France INRA, USC1359, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Morgane Mininno
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38041 Grenoble, France CNRS, UMR5168, F-38054 Grenoble, France CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France INRA, USC1359, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Annabelle Gilgen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38041 Grenoble, France CNRS, UMR5168, F-38054 Grenoble, France CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France INRA, USC1359, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Mélanie Leroux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38041 Grenoble, France CNRS, UMR5168, F-38054 Grenoble, France CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France INRA, USC1359, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Sabine Brugière
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble, France CEA, iRTSV, Biologie à Grande Echelle, F-38054 Grenoble, France INSERM, U1038, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Tardif
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble, France CEA, iRTSV, Biologie à Grande Echelle, F-38054 Grenoble, France INSERM, U1038, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Claude Alban
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38041 Grenoble, France CNRS, UMR5168, F-38054 Grenoble, France CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France INRA, USC1359, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Ravanel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38041 Grenoble, France CNRS, UMR5168, F-38054 Grenoble, France CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France INRA, USC1359, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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27
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Shao Y, Bao J. Polyphenols in whole rice grain: Genetic diversity and health benefits. Food Chem 2015; 180:86-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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