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Liu Y, Nadezhdina N, Hu W, Clothier B, Duan J, Li X, Xi B. Evaporation-driven internal hydraulic redistribution alleviates root drought stress: Mechanisms and modeling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1058-1072. [PMID: 37350505 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Many tree species have developed extensive root systems that allow them to survive in arid environments by obtaining water from a large soil volume. These root systems can transport and redistribute soil water during drought by hydraulic redistribution (HR). A recent study revealed the phenomenon of evaporation-driven hydraulic redistribution (EDHR), which is driven by evaporative demand (transpiration). In this study, we confirmed the occurrence of EDHR in Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa) through root sap flow measurements. We utilized microcomputed tomography technology to reconstruct the xylem network of woody lateral roots and proposed conceptual models to verify EDHR from a physical perspective. Our results indicated that EDHR is driven by the internal water potential gradient within the plant xylem network, which requires 3 conditions: high evaporative demand, soil water potential gradient, and special xylem structure of the root junction. The simulations demonstrated that during periods of extreme drought, EDHR could replenish water to dry roots and improve root water potential up to 38.9% to 41.6%. This highlights the crucial eco-physiological importance of EDHR in drought tolerance. Our proposed models provide insights into the complex structure of root junctions and their impact on water movement, thus enhancing our understanding of the relationship between xylem structure and plant hydraulics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem in Arid- and Semi-Arid Region of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10083, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nadezhda Nadezhdina
- Institute of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, Brno 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Wei Hu
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Private Bag 4707, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Brent Clothier
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Fitzherbert Science Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jie Duan
- Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem in Arid- and Semi-Arid Region of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10083, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ximeng Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Benye Xi
- Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem in Arid- and Semi-Arid Region of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10083, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Hoffmann B, Aubry E, Marmagne A, Dinant S, Chardon F, Le Hir R. Impairment of sugar transport in the vascular system acts on nitrogen remobilization and nitrogen use efficiency in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13830. [PMID: 36437708 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms have long been known to be coupled, and this is required for adjusting nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Despite this intricate relationship, it is still unclear how deregulation of sugar transport impacts N allocation. Here, we investigated in Arabidopsis the consequences of the simultaneous downregulation of the genes coding for the sugar transporters SWEET11, SWEET12, SWEET16, and SWEET17 on various anatomical and physiological traits ranging from the stem's vascular system development to plant biomass production, seed yield, and N remobilization and use efficiency. Our results show that intracellular sugar exchanges mediated by SWEET16 and SWEET17 proteins specifically impact vascular development but do not play a significant role in the distribution of N. Most importantly, we showed that the double mutant swt11 swt12, which has an impacted vascular development, displays an improved NUE and nitrogen remobilization to the seeds. In addition, a significant negative correlation between sugar and amino acids contents and the inflorescence stem radial growth exists, highlighting the complex interaction between the maintenance of C/N homeostasis and the inflorescence stem development. Our results thus deepen the link between sugar transport, C/N allocation, and vascular system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Hoffmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Emilie Aubry
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Anne Marmagne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Fabien Chardon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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Gao Y, Yang Z, Wang G, Sun J, Zhang X. Discerning the Difference Between Lumens and Scalariform Perforation Plates in Impeding Water Flow in Single Xylem Vessels and Vessel Networks in Cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:246. [PMID: 32211002 PMCID: PMC7076184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The geometrical structure and spatial arrangement of lumens, bordered pits, and scalariform perforation plates in xylem vessels modulate water flow from roots to leaves. Understanding their respective hydraulic functions is essential to unveil how plants regulate their hydraulic networks to facilitate the ascent of sap under biotic and abiotic stresses but is challenging because of the opaque nature of the vessel networks and water flow within them. We made the first-ever effort to discern the difference between lumens and scalariform perforation plates in cotton in impeding water flow in single vessels and vessel networks using X-ray tomography and pore-scale numerical simulation. Three-dimensional structures of xylem vessels in the stem of two cotton cultivars were acquired non-invasively using X-ray computed tomography (CT) at high spatial resolution, and a lattice Boltzmann model was developed to simulate water flow through the xylem networks at micrometer scale. The detailed water velocity and pressure simulated using the model were used to calculate the hydraulic resistance caused by the lumens and the scalariform perforation plates in individual vessels and the vessel networks of the two cotton cultivars. The results showed that the hydraulic resistance spiked whenever water flowed across a perforation plate and that the overall hydraulic resistance caused by the perforation plates in an individual vessel accounted for approximately 54% of the total resistance of the vessel. We also calculated the hydraulic conductance of individual vessels and vessel networks using the simulated water velocity and pressure at micrometer scale and compared it with those estimated from the Hagen Poiseuille (HP) equation as commonly used in the literature by approximating the xylem vessels in the cotton as isolated tubes. While it was found that the HP equation overestimated the hydraulic conductance by more than 200%, the overestimate was largely due to the incapability of the HP equation to represent the perforation plates rather than its approximation of the irregular vessels by circular tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhenjun Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangshuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jingsheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
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Kajala K, Walker KL, Mitchell GS, Krämer U, Cherry SR, Brady SM. Real-time whole-plant dynamics of heavy metal transport in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis thaliana by gamma-ray imaging. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00131. [PMID: 31309170 PMCID: PMC6589544 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals such as zinc are essential for plant growth, but toxic at high concentrations. Despite our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of heavy metal uptake by plants, experimentally addressing the real-time whole-plant dynamics of heavy metal uptake and partitioning has remained a challenge. To overcome this, we applied a high sensitivity gamma-ray imaging system to image uptake and transport of radioactive 65Zn in whole-plant assays of Arabidopsis thaliana and the Zn hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri. We show that our system can be used to quantitatively image and measure uptake and root-to-shoot translocation dynamics of zinc in real time. In the metal hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri, 65Zn uptake and transport from its growth media to the shoot occurs rapidly and on time scales similar to those reported in rice. In transgenic A. halleri plants in which expression of the zinc transporter gene HMA4 is suppressed by RNAi, 65Zn uptake is completely abolished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Kajala
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California DavisDavisCalifornia
- Plant EcophysiologyInstitute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Katherine L. Walker
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of California DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Gregory S. Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of California DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Ute Krämer
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of PlantsRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Simon R. Cherry
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of California DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Siobhan M. Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California DavisDavisCalifornia
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Aubry E, Dinant S, Vilaine F, Bellini C, Le Hir R. Lateral Transport of Organic and Inorganic Solutes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E20. [PMID: 30650538 PMCID: PMC6358943 DOI: 10.3390/plants8010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic (e.g., sugars and amino acids) and inorganic (e.g., K⁺, Na⁺, PO₄2-, and SO₄2-) solutes are transported long-distance throughout plants. Lateral movement of these compounds between the xylem and the phloem, and vice versa, has also been reported in several plant species since the 1930s, and is believed to be important in the overall resource allocation. Studies of Arabidopsis thaliana have provided us with a better knowledge of the anatomical framework in which the lateral transport takes place, and have highlighted the role of specialized vascular and perivascular cells as an interface for solute exchanges. Important breakthroughs have also been made, mainly in Arabidopsis, in identifying some of the proteins involved in the cell-to-cell translocation of solutes, most notably a range of plasma membrane transporters that act in different cell types. Finally, in the future, state-of-art imaging techniques should help to better characterize the lateral transport of these compounds on a cellular level. This review brings the lateral transport of sugars and inorganic solutes back into focus and highlights its importance in terms of our overall understanding of plant resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Aubry
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Françoise Vilaine
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90183 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
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Hou J, Sun X, Gu X, Liu S, Xiao Z, Liu G, Ding H. Construction of continuous proton‐conduction channels through polyvinylimidazole nanotubes to enhance proton conductivity of polymer electrolyte membrane. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghe Hou
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Gu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Xiao
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Ding
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
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