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McQuillan JL, Cutolo EA, Evans C, Pandhal J. Proteomic characterization of a lutein-hyperaccumulating Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant reveals photoprotection-related factors as targets for increasing cellular carotenoid content. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:166. [PMID: 37925447 PMCID: PMC10625216 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are emerging hosts for the sustainable production of lutein, a high-value carotenoid; however, to be commercially competitive with existing systems, their capacity for lutein sequestration must be augmented. Previous attempts to boost microalgal lutein production have focussed on upregulating carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes, in part due to a lack of metabolic engineering targets for expanding lutein storage. RESULTS Here, we isolated a lutein hyper-producing mutant of the model green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and characterized the metabolic mechanisms driving its enhanced lutein accumulation using label-free quantitative proteomics. Norflurazon- and high light-resistant C. reinhardtii mutants were screened to yield four mutant lines that produced significantly more lutein per cell compared to the CC-125 parental strain. Mutant 5 (Mut-5) exhibited a 5.4-fold increase in lutein content per cell, which to our knowledge is the highest fold increase of lutein in C. reinhardtii resulting from mutagenesis or metabolic engineering so far. Comparative proteomics of Mut-5 against its parental strain CC-125 revealed an increased abundance of light-harvesting complex-like proteins involved in photoprotection, among differences in pigment biosynthesis, central carbon metabolism, and translation. Further characterization of Mut-5 under varying light conditions revealed constitutive overexpression of the photoprotective proteins light-harvesting complex stress-related 1 (LHCSR1) and LHCSR3 and PSII subunit S regardless of light intensity, and increased accrual of total chlorophyll and carotenoids as light intensity increased. Although the photosynthetic efficiency of Mut-5 was comparatively lower than CC-125, the amplitude of non-photochemical quenching responses of Mut-5 was 4.5-fold higher than in CC-125 at low irradiance. CONCLUSIONS We used C. reinhardtii as a model green alga and identified light-harvesting complex-like proteins (among others) as potential metabolic engineering targets to enhance lutein accumulation in microalgae. These have the added value of imparting resistance to high light, although partially compromising photosynthetic efficiency. Further genetic characterization and engineering of Mut-5 could lead to the discovery of unknown players in photoprotective mechanisms and the development of a potent microalgal lutein production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie L McQuillan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Edoardo Andrea Cutolo
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Caroline Evans
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Jagroop Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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2
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Bhattacharya O, Ortiz I, Hendricks N, Walling LL. The tomato chloroplast stromal proteome compendium elucidated by leveraging a plastid protein-localization prediction Atlas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1020275. [PMID: 37701797 PMCID: PMC10493611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model species for studying fruit development, wounding, herbivory, and pathogen attack. Despite tomato's world-wide economic importance and the role of chloroplasts as metabolic hubs and integrators of environmental cues, little is known about the stromal proteome of tomato. Using a high-yielding protocol for chloroplast and stromal protein isolation, MudPIT nano-LC-MS/MS analyses, a robust in-house protein database (the Atlas) for predicting the plastid localization of tomato proteins, and rigorous selection criteria for inclusion/exclusion in the stromal proteome, we identified 1,278 proteins of the tomato stromal proteome. We provide one of the most robust stromal proteomes available to date with empirical evidence for 545 and 92 proteins not previously described for tomato plastids and the Arabidopsis stroma, respectively. The relative abundance of tomato stromal proteins was determined using the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI). Comparison of the abundance of tomato and Arabidopsis stromal proteomes provided evidence for the species-specific nature of stromal protein homeostasis. The manual curation of the tomato stromal proteome classified proteins into ten functional categories resulting in an accessible compendium of tomato chloroplast proteins. After curation, only 91 proteins remained as unknown, uncharacterized or as enzymes with unknown functions. The curation of the tomato stromal proteins also indicated that tomato has a number of paralogous proteins, not present in Arabidopsis, which accumulated to different levels in chloroplasts. As some of these proteins function in key metabolic pathways or in perceiving or transmitting signals critical for plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress, these data suggest that tomato may modulate the bidirectional communication between chloroplasts and nuclei in a novel manner. The stromal proteome provides a fertile ground for future mechanistic studies in the field of tomato chloroplast-nuclear signaling and are foundational for our goal of elucidating the dynamics of the stromal proteome controlled by the solanaceous-specific, stromal, and wound-inducible leucine aminopeptidase A of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oindrila Bhattacharya
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Irma Ortiz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Nathan Hendricks
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Linda L. Walling
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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3
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Flannery SE, Pastorelli F, Emrich‐Mills TZ, Casson SA, Hunter CN, Dickman MJ, Jackson PJ, Johnson MP. STN7 is not essential for developmental acclimation of Arabidopsis to light intensity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1458-1474. [PMID: 36960687 PMCID: PMC10952155 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to changing light intensity in the short term through regulation of light harvesting, electron transfer, and metabolism to mitigate redox stress. A sustained shift in light intensity leads to a long-term acclimation response (LTR). This involves adjustment in the stoichiometry of photosynthetic complexes through de novo synthesis and degradation of specific proteins associated with the thylakoid membrane. The light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) serine/threonine kinase STN7 plays a key role in short-term light harvesting regulation and was also suggested to be crucial to the LTR. Arabidopsis plants lacking STN7 (stn7) shifted to low light experience higher photosystem II (PSII) redox pressure than the wild type or those lacking the cognate phosphatase TAP38 (tap38), while the reverse is true at high light, where tap38 suffers more. In principle, the LTR should allow optimisation of the stoichiometry of photosynthetic complexes to mitigate these effects. We used quantitative label-free proteomics to assess how the relative abundance of photosynthetic proteins varied with growth light intensity in wild-type, stn7, and tap38 plants. All plants were able to adjust photosystem I, LHCII, cytochrome b6 f, and ATP synthase abundance with changing white light intensity, demonstrating neither STN7 nor TAP38 is crucial to the LTR per se. However, stn7 plants grown for several weeks at low light (LL) or moderate light (ML) still showed high PSII redox pressure and correspondingly lower PSII efficiency, CO2 assimilation, and leaf area compared to wild-type and tap38 plants, hence the LTR is unable to fully ameliorate these symptoms. In contrast, under high light growth conditions the mutants and wild type behaved similarly. These data are consistent with the paramount role of STN7-dependent LHCII phosphorylation in tuning PSII redox state for optimal growth in LL and ML conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Flannery
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldUK
| | - Federica Pastorelli
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldUK
| | - Thomas Z. Emrich‐Mills
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldUK
| | - Stuart A. Casson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldUK
| | - C. Neil Hunter
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldUK
| | - Mark J. Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Philip J. Jackson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldUK
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Matthew P. Johnson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldUK
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Trinh MDL, Masuda S. Chloroplast pH Homeostasis for the Regulation of Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:919896. [PMID: 35693183 PMCID: PMC9174948 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.919896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The pH of various chloroplast compartments, such as the thylakoid lumen and stroma, is light-dependent. Light illumination induces electron transfer in the photosynthetic apparatus, coupled with proton translocation across the thylakoid membranes, resulting in acidification and alkalization of the thylakoid lumen and stroma, respectively. Luminal acidification is crucial for inducing regulatory mechanisms that protect photosystems against photodamage caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Stromal alkalization activates enzymes involved in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle. Moreover, proton translocation across the thylakoid membranes generates a proton gradient (ΔpH) and an electric potential (ΔΨ), both of which comprise the proton motive force (pmf) that drives ATP synthase. Then, the synthesized ATP is consumed in the CBB cycle and other chloroplast metabolic pathways. In the dark, the pH of both the chloroplast stroma and thylakoid lumen becomes neutral. Despite extensive studies of the above-mentioned processes, the molecular mechanisms of how chloroplast pH can be maintained at proper levels during the light phase for efficient activation of photosynthesis and other metabolic pathways and return to neutral levels during the dark phase remain largely unclear, especially in terms of the precise control of stromal pH. The transient increase and decrease in chloroplast pH upon dark-to-light and light-to-dark transitions have been considered as signals for controlling other biological processes in plant cells. Forward and reverse genetic screening approaches recently identified new plastid proteins involved in controlling ΔpH and ΔΨ across the thylakoid membranes and chloroplast proton/ion homeostasis. These proteins have been conserved during the evolution of oxygenic phototrophs and include putative photosynthetic protein complexes, proton transporters, and/or their regulators. Herein, we summarize the recently identified protein players that control chloroplast pH and influence photosynthetic efficiency in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shinji Masuda,
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5
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Trinh MDL, Hashimoto A, Kono M, Takaichi S, Nakahira Y, Masuda S. Lack of plastid-encoded Ycf10, a homolog of the nuclear-encoded DLDG1 and the cyanobacterial PxcA, enhances the induction of non-photochemical quenching in tobacco. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e368. [PMID: 34938941 PMCID: PMC8671777 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
pH homeostasis in the chloroplast is crucial for the control of photosynthesis and other metabolic processes in plants. Recently, nuclear-encoded Day-Length-dependent Delayed Greening1 (DLDG1) and Fluctuating-Light Acclimation Protein1 (FLAP1) that are required for the light-inducible optimization of plastidial pH in Arabidopsis thaliana were identified. DLDG1 and FLAP1 homologs are specifically conserved in oxygenic phototrophs, and a DLDG1 homolog, Ycf10, is encoded in the chloroplast genome in plant cells. However, the function of Ycf10 and its physiological significance are unknown. To address this, we constructed ycf10 tobacco Nicotiana tabacum mutants and characterized their phenotypes. The ycf10 tobacco mutants grown under continuous-light conditions showed a pale-green phenotype only in developing leaves, and it was suppressed in short-day conditions. The ycf10 mutants also induced excessive non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) compared with those in the wild-type at the induction stage of photosynthesis. These phenotypes resemble those of Arabidopsis dldg1 mutants, suggesting that they have similar functions. However, there are distinct differences between the two mutant phenotypes: The highly induced NPQ in tobacco ycf10 and the Arabidopsis dldg1 mutants are diminished and enhanced, respectively, with increasing duration of the fluctuating actinic-light illumination. Ycf10 and DLDG1 were previously shown to localize in chloroplast envelope-membranes, suggesting that Ycf10 and DLDG1 differentially control H+ exchange across these membranes in a light-dependent manner to control photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Akira Hashimoto
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shinichi Takaichi
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyTokyo University of AgricultureTokyoJapan
| | | | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
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6
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Flannery SE, Pastorelli F, Wood WHJ, Hunter CN, Dickman MJ, Jackson PJ, Johnson MP. Comparative proteomics of thylakoids from Arabidopsis grown in laboratory and field conditions. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e355. [PMID: 34712896 PMCID: PMC8528093 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Compared to controlled laboratory conditions, plant growth in the field is rarely optimal since it is frequently challenged by large fluctuations in light and temperature which lower the efficiency of photosynthesis and lead to photo-oxidative stress. Plants grown under natural conditions therefore place an increased onus on the regulatory mechanisms that protect and repair the delicate photosynthetic machinery. Yet, the exact changes in thylakoid proteome composition which allow plants to acclimate to the natural environment remain largely unexplored. Here, we use quantitative label-free proteomics to demonstrate that field-grown Arabidopsis plants incorporate aspects of both the low and high light acclimation strategies previously observed in laboratory-grown plants. Field plants showed increases in the relative abundance of ATP synthase, cytochrome b 6 f, ferredoxin-NADP+ reductases (FNR1 and FNR2) and their membrane tethers TIC62 and TROL, thylakoid architecture proteins CURT1A, CURT1B, RIQ1, and RIQ2, the minor monomeric antenna complex CP29.3, rapidly-relaxing non-photochemical quenching (qE)-related proteins PSBS and VDE, the photosystem II (PSII) repair machinery and the cyclic electron transfer complexes NDH, PGRL1B, and PGR5, in addition to decreases in the amounts of LHCII trimers composed of LHCB1.1, LHCB1.2, LHCB1.4, and LHCB2 proteins and CP29.2, all features typical of a laboratory high light acclimation response. Conversely, field plants also showed increases in the abundance of light harvesting proteins LHCB1.3 and CP29.1, zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) and the slowly-relaxing non-photochemical quenching (qI)-related protein LCNP, changes previously associated with a laboratory low light acclimation response. Field plants also showed distinct changes to the proteome including the appearance of stress-related proteins ELIP1 and ELIP2 and changes to proteins that are largely invariant under laboratory conditions such as state transition related proteins STN7 and TAP38. We discuss the significance of these alterations in the thylakoid proteome considering the unique set of challenges faced by plants growing under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Flannery
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Federica Pastorelli
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - William H. J. Wood
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - C. Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Mark J. Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Philip J. Jackson
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Matthew P. Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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7
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Roeber VM, Bajaj I, Rohde M, Schmülling T, Cortleven A. Light acts as a stressor and influences abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:645-664. [PMID: 33190307 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light is important for plants as an energy source and a developmental signal, but it can also cause stress to plants and modulates responses to stress. Excess and fluctuating light result in photoinhibition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation around photosystems II and I, respectively. Ultraviolet light causes photodamage to DNA and a prolongation of the light period initiates the photoperiod stress syndrome. Changes in light quality and quantity, as well as in light duration are also key factors impacting the outcome of diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Short day or shady environments enhance thermotolerance and increase cold acclimation. Similarly, shade conditions improve drought stress tolerance in plants. Additionally, the light environment affects the plants' responses to biotic intruders, such as pathogens or insect herbivores, often reducing growth-defence trade-offs. Understanding how plants use light information to modulate stress responses will support breeding strategies to enhance crop stress resilience. This review summarizes the effect of light as a stressor and the impact of the light environment on abiotic and biotic stress responses. There is a special focus on the role of the different light receptors and the crosstalk between light signalling and stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venja M Roeber
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ishita Bajaj
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareike Rohde
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Luu Trinh MD, Miyazaki D, Ono S, Nomata J, Kono M, Mino H, Niwa T, Okegawa Y, Motohashi K, Taguchi H, Hisabori T, Masuda S. The evolutionary conserved iron-sulfur protein TCR controls P700 oxidation in photosystem I. iScience 2021; 24:102059. [PMID: 33554065 PMCID: PMC7848650 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural habitats, plants have developed sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to optimize the photosynthetic electron transfer rate at the maximum efficiency and cope with the changing environments. Maintaining proper P700 oxidation at photosystem I (PSI) is the common denominator for most regulatory processes of photosynthetic electron transfers. However, the molecular complexes and cofactors involved in these processes and their function(s) have not been fully clarified. Here, we identified a redox-active chloroplast protein, the triplet-cysteine repeat protein (TCR). TCR shared similar expression profiles with known photosynthetic regulators and contained two triplet-cysteine motifs (CxxxCxxxC). Biochemical analysis indicated that TCR localizes in chloroplasts and has a [3Fe-4S] cluster. Loss of TCR limited the electron sink downstream of PSI during dark-to-light transition. Arabidopsis pgr5-tcr double mutant reduced growth significantly and showed unusual oxidation and reduction of plastoquinone pool. These results indicated that TCR is involved in electron flow(s) downstream of PSI, contributing to P700 oxidation. P700 oxidation at photosystem I is important for regulation of photosynthesis TCR is a redox active chloroplast protein harboring a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster TCR controls electron flow around photosystem I, contributing to P700 oxidation
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Daichi Miyazaki
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Sumire Ono
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Jiro Nomata
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mino
- Division of Materials Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niwa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Okegawa
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Ken Motohashi
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Taguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Corresponding author
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9
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Inago H, Sato R, Masuda S. Regulation of light-induced H + extrusion and uptake by cyanobacterial homologs of the plastidial FLAP1, DLDG1, and Ycf10 in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148258. [PMID: 32619428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Upon a dark-to-light transition, multiple species of cyanobacteria release a certain amount of H+ from the inside to the outside of their cells. Previous studies revealed the plasma membrane-localizing Proton exchange A (PxcA) is involved in the light-induced H+ extrusion in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Among oxygenic phototrophs, two PxcA homologs are conserved; they are the nuclear-encoded Day-length-dependent delayed-greening1 (DLDG1) and the plastid-encoded Ycf10 in Arabidopsis thaliana. We previously identified the putative DLDG1/Ycf10-interacting protein, Fluctuating-light acclimation protein1 (FLAP1), required for pH regulation in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. Synechocystis has PxcA and FLAP1 homologs designated here as PxcA like (PxcL) and FLAP1 homolog A (FlpA). Synechocystis mutants lacking pxcA, pxcL, and flpA were constructed and characterized to gain more insight into regulatory mechanisms of light-induced H+ extrusion in cyanobacteria. pH change kinetics of the extracellular solvent after shifting Synechocystis cells from dark to light indicated that PxcA is essential for the light-induced H+ extrusion, and both PxcA and PxcL were involved in H+ uptake. Mutational loss of flpA resulted in altered PxcA- and PxcL-dependent H+ efflux/influx activities, and the flpA-null mutant showed inhibited growth under dark-light cycles, indicating the importance of FlpA function for photosynthetic growth under fluctuating light. Collectively, these data suggest that PxcA is involved in H+ efflux immediately after light irradiation for the rapid formation of the H+ concentration gradient across the thylakoid membranes, PxcL is involved in H+ influx for activation of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, and FlpA controls the H+ transport under fluctuating light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruya Inago
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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10
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Harada K, Arizono T, Sato R, Trinh MDL, Hashimoto A, Kono M, Tsujii M, Uozumi N, Takaichi S, Masuda S. DAY-LENGTH-DEPENDENT DELAYED-GREENING1, the Arabidopsis Homolog of the Cyanobacterial H+-Extrusion Protein, Is Essential for Chloroplast pH Regulation and Optimization of Non-Photochemical Quenching. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2660-2671. [PMID: 31665522 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, which supports almost all life activities on earth. Because the intensity and quality of sunlight can change dramatically throughout the day, various regulatory mechanisms help plants adjust their photosynthetic output accordingly, including the regulation of light energy accumulation to prevent the generation of damaging reactive oxygen species. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a regulatory mechanism that dissipates excess light energy, but how it is regulated is not fully elucidated. In this study, we report a new NPQ-regulatory protein named Day-Length-dependent Delayed-Greening1 (DLDG1). The Arabidopsis DLDG1 associates with the chloroplast envelope membrane, and the dldg1 mutant had a large NPQ value compared with wild type. The mutant also had a pale-green phenotype in developing leaves but only under continuous light; this phenotype was not observed when dldg1 was cultured in the dark for ≥8 h/d. DLDG1 is a homolog of the plasma membrane-localizing cyanobacterial proton-extrusion-protein A that is required for light-induced H+ extrusion and also shows similarity in its amino-acid sequence to that of Ycf10 encoded in the plastid genome. Arabidopsis DLDG1 enhances the growth-retardation phenotype of the Escherichia coli K+/H+ antiporter mutant, and the everted membrane vesicles of the E. coli expressing DLDG1 show the K+/H+ antiport activity. Our findings suggest that DLDG1 functionally interacts with Ycf10 to control H+ homeostasis in chloroplasts, which is important for the light-acclimation response, by optimizing the extent of NPQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Harada
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Takatoshi Arizono
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Akira Hashimoto
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masaru Tsujii
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan
| | - Shinichi Takaichi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
- Center for Biological Resources & Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
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Harada K, Arizono T, Sato R, Trinh MDL, Hashimoto A, Kono M, Tsujii M, Uozumi N, Takaichi S, Masuda S. DAY-LENGTH-DEPENDENT DELAYED-GREENING1, the Arabidopsis Homolog of the Cyanobacterial H+-Extrusion Protein, Is Essential for Chloroplast pH Regulation and Optimization of Non-Photochemical Quenching. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2660-2671. [PMID: 31665522 DOI: 10.1101/731653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, which supports almost all life activities on earth. Because the intensity and quality of sunlight can change dramatically throughout the day, various regulatory mechanisms help plants adjust their photosynthetic output accordingly, including the regulation of light energy accumulation to prevent the generation of damaging reactive oxygen species. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a regulatory mechanism that dissipates excess light energy, but how it is regulated is not fully elucidated. In this study, we report a new NPQ-regulatory protein named Day-Length-dependent Delayed-Greening1 (DLDG1). The Arabidopsis DLDG1 associates with the chloroplast envelope membrane, and the dldg1 mutant had a large NPQ value compared with wild type. The mutant also had a pale-green phenotype in developing leaves but only under continuous light; this phenotype was not observed when dldg1 was cultured in the dark for ≥8 h/d. DLDG1 is a homolog of the plasma membrane-localizing cyanobacterial proton-extrusion-protein A that is required for light-induced H+ extrusion and also shows similarity in its amino-acid sequence to that of Ycf10 encoded in the plastid genome. Arabidopsis DLDG1 enhances the growth-retardation phenotype of the Escherichia coli K+/H+ antiporter mutant, and the everted membrane vesicles of the E. coli expressing DLDG1 show the K+/H+ antiport activity. Our findings suggest that DLDG1 functionally interacts with Ycf10 to control H+ homeostasis in chloroplasts, which is important for the light-acclimation response, by optimizing the extent of NPQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Harada
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Takatoshi Arizono
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Akira Hashimoto
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masaru Tsujii
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan
| | - Shinichi Takaichi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
- Center for Biological Resources & Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
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Ding J, Zhao J, Pan T, Xi L, Zhang J, Zou Z. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns in Tomato Under Dynamic Light Conditions. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090662. [PMID: 31470680 PMCID: PMC6770952 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants grown under highly variable natural light regimes differ strongly from plants grown under constant light (CL) regimes. Plant phenotype and adaptation responses are important for plant biomass and fitness. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still poorly understood, particularly from a transcriptional perspective. To investigate the influence of different light regimes on tomato plants, three dynamic light (DL) regimes were designed, using a CL regime as control. Morphological, photosynthetic, and transcriptional differences after five weeks of treatment were compared. Leaf area, plant height, shoot /root weight, total chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance all significantly decreased in response to DL regimes. The biggest expression difference was found between the treatment with the highest light intensity at the middle of the day with a total of 1080 significantly up-/down-regulated genes. A total of 177 common differentially expressed genes were identified between DL and CL conditions. Finally, significant differences were observed in the levels of gene expression between DL and CL treatments in multiple pathways, predominantly of plant–pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transductions, metabolites, and photosynthesis. These results expand the understanding of plant development and photosynthetic regulations under DL conditions by multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Ding
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiantao Zhao
- INRA, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, Domaine Saint Maurice, 67 Allée des Chênes CS 60094, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Tonghua Pan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Linjie Xi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhirong Zou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Trinh MDL, Sato R, Masuda S. Genetic characterization of a flap1 null mutation in Arabidopsis npq4 and pgr5 plants suggests that the regulatory role of FLAP1 involves the control of proton homeostasis in chloroplasts. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:413-424. [PMID: 30390180 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of the proton concentration gradient across thylakoid membranes (ΔpH) is essential for photosynthesis and its regulation because the gradient contributes to the generation of the proton motive force used for ATP synthesis and also for the fast and reversible induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) to avoid photoinhibition and photodamage. However, the regulatory mechanism(s) controlling ΔpH in response to fluctuating light has not been fully elucidated. We previously described a new NPQ-regulatory chloroplastic protein, Fluctuating-Light-Acclimation Protein1 (FLAP1), which is important for plant growth and modulation of ΔpH under fluctuating light conditions. For this report, we further characterized FLAP1 activity by individually crossing an Arabidopsis flap1 mutant with npq4 and pgr5 plants; npq4 is defective in PsbS-dependent NPQ, and pgr5 is defective in induction of steady-state proton motive force (pmf) and energy-dependent quenching (qE). Both npq4 and npq4 flap1 exhibited similar NPQ kinetics and other photosynthetic parameters under constant or fluctuating actinic light. Conversely, pgr5 flap1 had recovered NPQ, photosystem II quantum yield and growth under fluctuating light, each of which was impaired in pgr5. Together with other data, we propose that FLAP1 activity controls proton homeostasis under steady-state photosynthesis to manipulate luminal acidification levels appropriately to balance photoprotection and photochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Center for Biological Resources & Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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