1
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Tabeta H, Hirai MY. l-2-Aminopimelic acid acts as an auxin mimic to induce lateral root formation across diverse plant species. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1855-1863. [PMID: 38782630 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The identification of chemicals that modulate plant development and adaptive responses to stresses has attracted increasing attention for agricultural applications. Recent basic studies have identified functional amino acids that are essential for plant organogenesis, indicating that amino acids can regulate plant growth. In this study, we newly identified 2-aminopimelic acid (2APA), a nonproteinogenic amino acid, as a novel bioactive compound involved in root morphogenesis. This biological effect was confirmed in several plant species. Our phenotypic analysis revealed that the bioactive 2APA is an l-form stereoisomer. Overall, our study identified a promising root growth regulator and provided insight into the intricate metabolism related to root morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masami Y Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Japan
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2
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Waqar Khan M, Yang W, Yu K, Zhang X. Aztreonam is a novel chemical inducer that promotes Agrobacteium transformation and lateral root development in soybean. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1257270. [PMID: 37692409 PMCID: PMC10483135 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1257270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation is the simplest method of gene transfer. However, the low transformation due to the intractable nature of soybean genotypes hinders this process. The use of biochemicals (acetosyringone, cinnamic acid, flavonoids, etc.) plays an important role in increasing soybean transformation. These biochemicals induce chemotaxis and virulence gene activation during the infection process. Here we identified a biochemical, aztreonam (a monobactam), for high agrobacterium-mediated transformation in soybean. The soybean explants from three genotypes were inoculated with A. tumefaciens (GV3101) harboring the pMDC32 vector containing hpt or the GmUbi-35S-GUS vector containing the GUS gene during two separate events. High transient GUS expression was obtained during cotyledon explant culture on MS media supplemented with 2.5 mg/L aztreonam. The aztreonam-treated explants showed high efficiency in transient and stable transformation as compared to the untreated control. The transformation of aztreonam-treated explants during seed imbibition resulted in an average of 21.1% as compared to 13.2% in control by using the pMDC32 vector and 28.5 and 20.7% while using the GUS gene cassette, respectively. Based on these findings, the metabolic analysis of the explant after aztreonam treatment was assessed. The high accumulation of flavonoids was identified during an untargeted metabolic analysis. The quantification results showed a significantly high accumulation of the four compounds, i.e., genistein, apigenin, naringenin, and genistin, in cotyledon explants after 18 hours of aztreonam treatment. Alongside this, aztreonam also had some surprising effects on root elongation and lateral root formation when compared to indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Our findings were limited to soybeans. However, the discovery of aztreonam and its effect on triggering flavonoids could lead to the potential role of aztreonam in the agrobacterium-mediated transformation of different crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Waqar Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | | | | | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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3
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Qiu H, Wang B, Huang M, Sun X, Yu L, Cheng D, He W, Zhou D, Wu X, Song B, Tang N, Chen H. A novel effector RipBT contributes to Ralstonia solanacearum virulence on potato. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:947-960. [PMID: 37154802 PMCID: PMC10346376 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive plant-pathogenic bacteria, infecting more than 200 plant species, including potato (Solanum tuberosum) and many other solanaceous crops. R. solanacearum has numerous pathogenicity factors, and type III effectors secreted through type III secretion system (T3SS) are key factors to counteract host immunity. Here, we show that RipBT is a novel T3SS-secreted effector by using a cyaA reporter system. Transient expression of RipBT in Nicotiania benthamiana induced strong cell death in a plasma membrane-localization dependent manner. Notably, mutation of RipBT in R. solanacearum showed attenuated virulence on potato, while RipBT transgenic potato plants exhibited enhanced susceptibility to R. solanacearum. Interestingly, transcriptomic analyses suggest that RipBT may interfere with plant reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism during the R. solanacearum infection of potato roots. In addition, the expression of RipBT remarkably suppressed the flg22-induced pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity responses, such as the ROS burst. Taken together, RipBT acts as a T3SS effector, promoting R. solanacearum infection on potato and presumably disturbing ROS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Qiu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Horticulture and Forestry ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Bingsen Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Horticulture and Forestry ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Mengshu Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Horticulture and Forestry ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaohu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and ImprovementHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Liu Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Horticulture and Forestry ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dong Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Horticulture and Forestry ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wenfeng He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Horticulture and Forestry ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dan Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Horticulture and Forestry ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xintong Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Horticulture and Forestry ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Botao Song
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Horticulture and Forestry ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ning Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and ImprovementHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Huilan Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Horticulture and Forestry ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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4
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Nakashima Y, Kobayashi Y, Murao M, Kato R, Endo H, Higo A, Iwasaki R, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Sato A, Nomoto M, Sakakibara H, Tada Y, Itami K, Kimura S, Hagihara S, Torii KU, Uchida N. Identification of a pluripotency-inducing small compound, PLU, that induces callus formation via Heat Shock Protein 90-mediated activation of auxin signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1099587. [PMID: 36968385 PMCID: PMC10030974 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1099587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants retain the ability to generate a pluripotent tissue called callus by dedifferentiating somatic cells. A pluripotent callus can also be artificially induced by culturing explants with hormone mixtures of auxin and cytokinin, and an entire body can then be regenerated from the callus. Here we identified a pluripotency-inducing small compound, PLU, that induces the formation of callus with tissue regeneration potency without the external application of either auxin or cytokinin. The PLU-induced callus expressed several marker genes related to pluripotency acquisition via lateral root initiation processes. PLU-induced callus formation required activation of the auxin signaling pathway though the amount of active auxin was reduced by PLU treatment. RNA-seq analysis and subsequent experiments revealed that Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) mediates a significant part of the PLU-initiated early events. We also showed that HSP90-dependent induction of TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1, an auxin receptor gene, is required for the callus formation by PLU. Collectively, this study provides a new tool for manipulating and investigating the induction of plant pluripotency from a different angle from the conventional method with the external application of hormone mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakashima
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Kobayashi
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mizuki Murao
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rika Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asuka Higo
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rie Iwasaki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Ayato Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mika Nomoto
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Department of Industrial Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiko U. Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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5
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Ali HM, Khan T, Khan MA, Ullah N. The multipotent thidiazuron: A mechanistic overview of its roles in callogenesis and other plant cultures in vitro. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2624-2640. [PMID: 35048414 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thidiazuron (TDZ) is an active substituted phenyl urea compound that has found a significant role as a plant growth regulator. The most exciting aspect of its function is that it can mimic auxins and cytokinin but is chemically different from these two. Many theories have been put forward, and experiments performed to understand the mode of action of TDZ in callogenesis. One suggested mechanism presents that it works by inhibiting the cytokinin degrading enzymes that compete with cytokinin for an active site on the enzyme. An example is the TDZ-induced suppressed expression of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes encoding GA3 and GA20 oxidases. This is entailed with a slightly increased expression of GA catabolism genes encoding GA20 oxidase. Similarly, one of the recommendations is that TDZ induces the expression of specific genes and transcription regulatory sequences that are either responsible directly for callus formation or in turn induce other auxins or cytokinin for callogenesis. There is no concise review available that discusses the details of TDZ-induced callus, specifically and other in vitro cultures in general. This review is an attempt to explore all these pathways and mechanisms involved in callogenesis in plants stimulated by TDZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Mubarak Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Nazif Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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6
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Tanahara Y, Yamanaka K, Kawai K, Ando Y, Nakatsuka T. Establishment of an efficient transformation method of garden stock ( Matthiola incana) using a callus formation chemical inducer. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:273-280. [PMID: 36349235 PMCID: PMC9592952 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0602a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Matthiola incana is an important floricultural plant that blooms from winter to spring, and had been desired to be established a transformation system. This study successfully obtained stable transgenic plants from M. incana. We used Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a binary vector containing the β-glucuronidase gene (GUS) under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter to evaluate the transformation frequency of M. incana. We observed that cocultivation with the A. tumefaciens strain GV3101 for 5 days effectively enhanced the infection frequency, assessed through a transient GUS expression area in the seedling. Furthermore, the addition of 100 µM acetosyringone was necessary for Agrobacterium infection. However, we could not obtain transgenic plants on a shoot formation medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 6-benzyladenine (BA). For callus formation from the leaf sections, a medium supplemented with 1-50 µM fipexide (FPX), a novel callus induction chemical, was employed. Then, the callus formation was observed after 2 weeks, and an earlier response was detected than that in the BA medium (4-6 weeks). Results also showed that cultivation in a selection medium supplemented with 12.5 µM FPX obtained hygromycin-resistant calli. Thus, this protocol achieved a 0.7% transformation frequency. Similarly, progenies from one transgenic line were observed on the basis of GUS stains on their leaves, revealing that the transgenes were also inherited stably. Hence, FPX is considered a breakthrough for establishing the transformation protocol of M. incana, and its use is proposed in recalcitrant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Tanahara
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kaho Yamanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ando
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakatsuka
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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7
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Uehara TN, Nonoyama T, Taki K, Kuwata K, Sato A, Fujimoto KJ, Hirota T, Matsuo H, Maeda AE, Ono A, Takahara TT, Tsutsui H, Suzuki T, Yanai T, Kay SA, Itami K, Kinoshita T, Yamaguchi J, Nakamichi N. Phosphorylation of RNA Polymerase II by CDKC;2 Maintains the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock Period. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:450-462. [PMID: 35086143 PMCID: PMC9016870 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is an internal timekeeping system that governs about 24 h biological rhythms of a broad range of developmental and metabolic activities. The clocks in eukaryotes are thought to rely on lineage-specific transcriptional-translational feedback loops. However, the mechanisms underlying the basic transcriptional regulation events for clock function have not yet been fully explored. Here, through a combination of chemical biology and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II by CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE C; 2 (CDKC;2) is required for maintaining the circadian period in Arabidopsis. Chemical screening identified BML-259, the inhibitor of mammalian CDK2/CDK5, as a compound lengthening the circadian period of Arabidopsis. Short-term BML-259 treatment resulted in decreased expression of most clock-associated genes. Development of a chemical probe followed by affinity proteomics revealed that BML-259 binds to CDKC;2. Loss-of-function mutations of cdkc;2 caused a long period phenotype. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the CDKC;2 immunocomplex phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, and BML-259 inhibits this phosphorylation. Collectively, this study suggests that transcriptional activity maintained by CDKC;2 is required for proper period length, which is an essential feature of the circadian clock in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Ayato Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro J Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirota
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hiromi Matsuo
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Akari E Maeda
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Azusa Ono
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tomoaki T Takahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041 Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsutsui
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Steve A Kay
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
- JST ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- *Corresponding authors: Norihito Nakamichi, E-mail, ; Junichiro Yamaguchi, E-mail,
| | - Norihito Nakamichi
- *Corresponding authors: Norihito Nakamichi, E-mail, ; Junichiro Yamaguchi, E-mail,
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8
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Du H, Yang J, Chen B, Zhang X, Xu X, Wen C, Geng S. Dual RNA-seq Reveals the Global Transcriptome Dynamics of Ralstonia solanacearum and Pepper ( Capsicum annuum) Hypocotyls During Bacterial Wilt Pathogenesis. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:630-642. [PMID: 34346759 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-21-0032-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a serious disease in pepper. However, the interaction between the pathogen and pepper remains largely unknown. This study aimed to gain insights into determinants of pepper susceptibility and R. solanacearum pathogenesis. We assembled the complete genome of R. solanacearum strain Rs-SY1 and identified 5,106 predicted genes, including 84 type III effectors (T3E). RNA-seq was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in susceptible pepper CM334 at 1 and 5 days postinoculation (dpi) with R. solanacearum. Dual RNA-seq was used to simultaneously capture transcriptome changes in the host and pathogen at 3 and 7 dpi. A total of 1,400, 3,335, 2,878, and 4,484 DEGs of pepper (PDEGs) were identified in the CM334 hypocotyls at 1, 3, 5, and 7 dpi, respectively. Functional enrichment of the PDEGs suggests that inducing ethylene production, suppression of photosynthesis, downregulation of polysaccharide metabolism, and weakening of cell wall defenses may contribute to successful infection by R. solanacearum. When comparing in planta and nutrient agar growth of the R. solanacearum, 218 and 1,042 DEGs of R. solanacearum (RDEGs) were detected at 3 and 7 dpi, respectively. Additional analysis of the RDEGs suggested that enhanced starch and sucrose metabolism, and upregulation of virulence factors may promote R. solanacearum colonization. Strikingly, 26 R. solanacearum genes were found to have similar DEG patterns during a variety of host-R. solanacearum interactions. This study provides a foundation for a better understanding of the transcriptional changes during pepper-R. solanacearum interactions and will aid in the discovery of potential susceptibility and virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshan Du
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiulan Xu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Changlong Wen
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Sansheng Geng
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
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9
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Abstract
Molecular genetic and structural studies have revealed the mechanisms of fundamental components of key auxin regulatory pathways consisting of auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling. Chemical biology methods applied in auxin research have been greatly expanded through the understanding of auxin regulatory pathways. Many small-molecule modulators of auxin metabolism, transport, and signaling have been generated on the basis of the outcomes of genetic and structural studies on auxin regulatory pathways. These chemical modulators are now widely used as essential tools for dissecting auxin biology in diverse plants. This review covers the structures, primary targets, modes of action, and applications of chemical tools in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, Okayama City 700-0005, Japan
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10
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Czernicka M, Chłosta I, Kęska K, Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno M, Abdullah M, Popielarska-Konieczna M. Protuberances are organized distinct regions of long-term callus: histological and transcriptomic analyses in kiwifruit. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:637-665. [PMID: 33544186 PMCID: PMC7954764 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Macroscopic, ultrastructural, and molecular features-like a ball shape, the presence of starch granules, and the up-regulation of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis-distinguish PT regions within a callus. The modification of the mass of pluripotent cells into de novo shoot bud regeneration is highly relevant to developmental biology and for agriculture and biotechnology. This study deals with protuberances (PT), structures that appear during the organogenic long-term culturing of callus (OC) in kiwifruit. These ball-shaped regions of callus might be considered the first morphological sign of the subsequent shoot bud development. Sections of PT show the regular arrangement of some cells, especially on the surface, in contrast to the regions of OC beyond the PT. The cells of OC possess chloroplasts; however, starch granules were observed only in PTs' plastids. Transcriptomic data revealed unique gene expression for each kind of sample: OC, PT, and PT with visible shoot buds (PT-SH). Higher expression of the gene involved in lipid (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 5 [GPAT5]), carbohydrate (granule-bound starch synthase 1 [GBSS1]), and secondary metabolite (beta-glucosidase 45 [BGL45]) pathways were detected in PT and could be proposed as the markers of these structures. The up-regulation of the regulatory associated protein of TOR (RAPTOR1) was found in PT-SH. The highest expression of the actinidain gene in leaves from two-year-old regenerated plants suggests that the synthesis of this protein takes place in fully developed organs. The findings indicate that PT and PT-SH are specific structures within OC but have more features in common with callus tissue than with organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Czernicka
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, 29-Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Chłosta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, The Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Kęska
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, 29-Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Mohib Abdullah
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, The Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marzena Popielarska-Konieczna
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, The Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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11
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Littlejohn GR, Breen S, Smirnoff N, Grant M. Chloroplast immunity illuminated. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3088-3107. [PMID: 33206379 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast has recently emerged as pivotal to co-ordinating plant defence responses and as a target of plant pathogens. Beyond its central position in oxygenic photosynthesis and primary metabolism - key targets in the complex virulence strategies of diverse pathogens - the chloroplast integrates, decodes and responds to environmental signals. The capacity of chloroplasts to synthesize phytohormones and a diverse range of secondary metabolites, combined with retrograde and reactive oxygen signalling, provides exquisite flexibility to both perceive and respond to biotic stresses. These processes also represent a plethora of opportunities for pathogens to evolve strategies to directly or indirectly target 'chloroplast immunity'. This review covers the contribution of the chloroplast to pathogen associated molecular pattern and effector triggered immunity as well as systemic acquired immunity. We address phytohormone modulation of immunity and surmise how chloroplast-derived reactive oxygen species underpin chloroplast immunity through indirect evidence inferred from genetic modification of core chloroplast components and direct pathogen targeting of the chloroplast. We assess the impact of transcriptional reprogramming of nuclear-encoded chloroplast genes during disease and defence and look at future research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Littlejohn
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Susan Breen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Murray Grant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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12
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Landry D, González‐Fuente M, Deslandes L, Peeters N. The large, diverse, and robust arsenal of Ralstonia solanacearum type III effectors and their in planta functions. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1377-1388. [PMID: 32770627 PMCID: PMC7488467 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The type III secretion system with its delivered type III effectors (T3Es) is one of the main virulence determinants of Ralstonia solanacearum, a worldwide devastating plant pathogenic bacterium affecting many crop species. The pan-effectome of the R. solanacearum species complex has been exhaustively identified and is composed of more than 100 different T3Es. Among the reported strains, their content ranges from 45 to 76 T3Es. This considerably large and varied effectome could be considered one of the factors contributing to the wide host range of R. solanacearum. In order to understand how R. solanacearum uses its T3Es to subvert the host cellular processes, many functional studies have been conducted over the last three decades. It has been shown that R. solanacearum effectors, as those from other plant pathogens, can suppress plant defence mechanisms, modulate the host metabolism, or avoid bacterial recognition through a wide variety of molecular mechanisms. R. solanacearum T3Es can also be perceived by the plant and trigger immune responses. To date, the molecular mechanisms employed by R. solanacearum T3Es to modulate these host processes have been described for a growing number of T3Es, although they remain unknown for the majority of them. In this microreview, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the characterized R. solanacearum species complex T3Es.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Landry
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro‐organismes (LIPM)INRAE, CNRS, Université de ToulouseCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Manuel González‐Fuente
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro‐organismes (LIPM)INRAE, CNRS, Université de ToulouseCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Laurent Deslandes
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro‐organismes (LIPM)INRAE, CNRS, Université de ToulouseCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Nemo Peeters
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro‐organismes (LIPM)INRAE, CNRS, Université de ToulouseCastanet‐TolosanFrance
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13
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Zhuo T, Wang X, Chen Z, Cui H, Zeng Y, Chen Y, Fan X, Hu X, Zou H. The Ralstonia solanacearum effector RipI induces a defence reaction by interacting with the bHLH93 transcription factor in Nicotiana benthamiana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:999-1004. [PMID: 32285606 PMCID: PMC7279998 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum releases a set of effectors into plant cells that modify the host defence reaction. The role of the effector protein RipI during infection has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that transient overexpression of RipI induces the hypersensitive response (HR), up-regulating the HR marker gene hin1, in Nicotiana benthamiana. Deletion of R. solanacearum ripI led to increased virulence in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Through yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays, we identified an interaction between the N. benthamiana transcription factor bHLH93 and RipI, both of which could be localized in the nucleus of Arabidopsis protoplasts. Silencing of bHLH93 markedly attenuated the RipI-induced HR and induced expression of the PDF1.2 defence gene. These data demonstrate that the R. solanacearum effector RipI induces a host defence reaction by interacting with the bHLH93 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zhengyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Haitao Cui
- Plant Immunity CenterHaixia Institute of Science and TechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yanhong Zeng
- Plant Immunity CenterHaixia Institute of Science and TechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaojing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Huasong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
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14
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Blundell R, Schmidt JE, Igwe A, Cheung AL, Vannette RL, Gaudin ACM, Casteel CL. Organic management promotes natural pest control through altered plant resistance to insects. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:483-491. [PMID: 32415295 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reduced insect pest populations found on long-term organic farms have mostly been attributed to increased biodiversity and abundance of beneficial predators, as well as to changes in plant nutrient content. However, the role of plant resistance has largely been ignored. Here, we determine whether host plant resistance mediates decreased pest populations in organic systems and identify potential underpinning mechanisms. We demonstrate that fewer numbers of leafhoppers (Circulifer tenellus) settle on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) grown using organic management as compared to conventional. We present multiple lines of evidence, including rhizosphere soil microbiome sequencing, chemical analysis and transgenic approaches, to demonstrate that changes in leafhopper settling between organically and conventionally grown tomatoes are dependent on salicylic acid accumulation in plants and mediated by rhizosphere microbial communities. These results suggest that organically managed soils and microbial communities may play an unappreciated role in reducing plant attractiveness to pests by increasing plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Blundell
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexandria Igwe
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrea L Cheung
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rachel L Vannette
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Clare L Casteel
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant-Microbe Biology and Plant Pathology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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15
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Liu Y, Luo G, Yang X, Jiang S, Xue W, Chi YR, Jin Z. Carbene-Catalyzed Enantioselective Aromatic N-Nucleophilic Addition of Heteroarenes to Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:442-448. [PMID: 31654443 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aromatic nitrogen atoms of heteroarylaldehydes are activated by carbene catalysts to react with ketone electrophiles. Multi-functionalized cyclic N,O-acetal products are afforded in good to excellent yields and optical purities. Our reaction involves the formation of an unprecedented aza-fulvene-type acylazolium intermediate. A broad range of N-heteroaromatic aldehydes and electron-deficient ketone substrates works effectively in this transformation. Several of the chiral N,O-acetal products afforded through this protocol exhibit excellent antibacterial activities against Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) and are valuable in the development of novel agrichemicals for plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Liu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Guoyong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Shichun Jiang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
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16
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Liu Y, Luo G, Yang X, Jiang S, Xue W, Chi YR, Jin Z. Carbene‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Aromatic N‐Nucleophilic Addition of Heteroarenes to Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Liu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Guoyong Luo
- School of Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xing Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Shichun Jiang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Wei Xue
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
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17
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Ono A, Sato A, Fujimoto KJ, Matsuo H, Yanai T, Kinoshita T, Nakamichi N. 3,4-Dibromo-7-Azaindole Modulates Arabidopsis Circadian Clock by Inhibiting Casein Kinase 1 Activity. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2360-2368. [PMID: 31529098 PMCID: PMC6839374 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a timekeeping system for regulation of numerous biological daily rhythms. One characteristic of the circadian clock is that period length remains relatively constant in spite of environmental fluctuations, such as temperature change. Here, using the curated collection of in-house small molecule chemical library (ITbM chemical library), we show that small molecule 3,4-dibromo-7-azaindole (B-AZ) lengthened the circadian period of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). B-AZ has not previously been reported to have any biological and biochemical activities. Target identification can elucidate the mode of action of small molecules, but we were unable to make a molecular probe of B-AZ for target identification. Instead, we performed other analysis, gene expression profiling that potentially reveals mode of action of molecules. Short-term treatment of B-AZ decreased the expression of four dawn- and morning-phased clock-associated genes, CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1), LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY), PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 9 (PRR9) and PRR7. Consistently, amounts of PRR5 and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) proteins, transcriptional repressors of CCA1, LHY, PRR9 and PRR7 were increased upon B-AZ treatment. B-AZ inhibited Casein Kinase 1 family (CK1) that phosphorylates PRR5 and TOC1 for targeted degradation. A docking study and molecular dynamics simulation suggested that B-AZ interacts with the ATP-binding pocket of human CK1 delta, whose amino acid sequences are highly similar to those of Arabidopsis CK1. B-AZ-induced period-lengthening effect was attenuated in prr5 toc1 mutants. Collectively, this study provides a novel and simple structure CK1 inhibitor that modulates circadian clock via accumulation of PRR5 and TOC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Ono
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayato Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro J Fujimoto
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromi Matsuo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihito Nakamichi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- * Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, +81-789-4778
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18
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Yu G, Wang J, Miao L, Xi M, Wang Q, Wang K. Optimization of Mature Embryo-Based Tissue Culture and Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Model Grass Brachypodium distachyon. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5448. [PMID: 31683725 PMCID: PMC6862288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation is well established in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. However, most protocols employ immature embryos because of their better regenerative capacity. A major problem associated with the immature embryo system is that they are available only during a limited time window of growing plants. In this study, we have developed an optimized Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol that utilizes mature embryos. We have adopted seed shearing and photoautotrophic rooting (PR) in callus induction and root regeneration, respectively, with evident significant improvement in these aspects. We have also revealed that the newly developed chemical inducer Fipexide (FPX) had the ability to induce callus, shoots, and roots. By comparison, we have demonstrated that FPX shows higher efficiency in shoot generation than other frequently used chemicals in our mature embryo-based system. In addition, we demonstrated that the age of embryogenetic callus severely affects the transformation efficiency (TE), with the seven-week-old embryogenetic callus having the highest TE reaching 52.6%, which is comparable with that in immature embryo transformation. The new methodologies reported here will advance the development and utilization of Brachypodium as a new model system for grass genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Jianyong Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China/Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Miao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Mengli Xi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China/Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiongli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
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19
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Chiam NC, Fujimura T, Sano R, Akiyoshi N, Hiroyama R, Watanabe Y, Motose H, Demura T, Ohtani M. Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Deficiency Affects the Auxin Response and Shoot Regeneration in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2000-2014. [PMID: 31386149 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants generally possess a strong ability to regenerate organs; for example, in tissue culture, shoots can regenerate from callus, a clump of actively proliferating, undifferentiated cells. Processing of pre-mRNA and ribosomal RNAs is important for callus formation and shoot regeneration. However, our knowledge of the roles of RNA quality control via the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway in shoot regeneration is limited. Here, we examined the shoot regeneration phenotypes of the low-beta-amylase1 (lba1)/upstream frame shift1-1 (upf1-1) and upf3-1 mutants, in which the core NMD components UPF1 and UPF3 are defective. These mutants formed callus from hypocotyl explants normally, but this callus behaved abnormally during shoot regeneration: the mutant callus generated numerous adventitious root structures instead of adventitious shoots in an auxin-dependent manner. Quantitative RT-PCR and microarray analyses showed that the upf mutations had widespread effects during culture on shoot-induction medium. In particular, the expression patterns of early auxin response genes, including those encoding AUXIN/INDOLE ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) family members, were significantly affected in the upf mutants. Also, the upregulation of shoot apical meristem-related transcription factor genes, such as CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON1 (CUC1) and CUC2, was inhibited in the mutants. Taken together, these results indicate that NMD-mediated transcriptomic regulation modulates the auxin response in plants and thus plays crucial roles in the early stages of shoot regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyet-Cheng Chiam
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Fujimura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sano
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Akiyoshi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Ryoko Hiroyama
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Motose
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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20
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Kinoshita T, McCourt P, Asami T, Torii KU. Plant Chemical Biology. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1483-1486. [PMID: 30032233 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Peter McCourt
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tadao Asami
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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