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Tesfaye M, Wang ES, Feyissa T, Herrfurth C, Haileselassie T, Kanagarajan S, Feussner I, Zhu LH. Enhancing Erucic Acid and Wax Ester Production in Brassica carinata through Metabolic Engineering for Industrial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6322. [PMID: 38928029 PMCID: PMC11203470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic engineering enables oilseed crops to be more competitive by having more attractive properties for oleochemical industrial applications. The aim of this study was to increase the erucic acid level and to produce wax ester (WE) in seed oil by genetic transformation to enhance the industrial applications of B. carinata. Six transgenic lines for high erucic acid and fifteen transgenic lines for wax esters were obtained. The integration of the target genes for high erucic acid (BnFAE1 and LdPLAAT) and for WEs (ScWS and ScFAR) in the genome of B. carinata cv. 'Derash' was confirmed by PCR analysis. The qRT-PCR results showed overexpression of BnFAE1 and LdPLAAT and downregulation of RNAi-BcFAD2 in the seeds of the transgenic lines. The fatty acid profile and WE content and profile in the seed oil of the transgenic lines and wild type grown in biotron were analyzed using gas chromatography and nanoelectrospray coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. A significant increase in erucic acid was observed in some transgenic lines ranging from 19% to 29% in relation to the wild type, with a level of erucic acid reaching up to 52.7%. Likewise, the transgenic lines harboring ScFAR and ScWS genes produced up to 25% WE content, and the most abundant WE species were 22:1/20:1 and 22:1/22:1. This study demonstrated that metabolic engineering is an effective biotechnological approach for developing B. carinata into an industrial crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misteru Tesfaye
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden; (M.T.); (E.S.W.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box. 1176, Ethiopia; (T.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Eu Sheng Wang
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden; (M.T.); (E.S.W.); (S.K.)
| | - Tileye Feyissa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box. 1176, Ethiopia; (T.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht Haller Institute for Plant Science, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (C.H.); (I.F.)
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Selvaraju Kanagarajan
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden; (M.T.); (E.S.W.); (S.K.)
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht Haller Institute for Plant Science, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (C.H.); (I.F.)
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden; (M.T.); (E.S.W.); (S.K.)
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Demski K, Ding BJ, Wang HL, Tran TNT, Durrett TP, Lager I, Löfstedt C, Hofvander P. Manufacturing specialized wax esters in plants. Metab Eng 2022; 72:391-402. [PMID: 35598886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biologically produced wax esters can fulfil different industrial purposes. These functionalities almost drove the sperm whale to extinction from hunting. After the ban on hunting, there is a niche in the global market for biolubricants with properties similar to spermaceti. Wax esters can also serve as a mechanism for producing insect sex pheromone fatty alcohols. Pheromone-based mating disruption strategies are in high demand to replace the toxic pesticides in agriculture and manage insect plagues threatening our food and fiber reserves. In this study we set out to investigate the possibilities of in planta assembly of wax esters, for specific applications, through transient expression of various mix-and-match combinations of genes in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Our synthetic biology designs were outlined in order to pivot plant lipid metabolism into producing wax esters with targeted fatty acyl and fatty alcohols moieties. Through this approach we managed to obtain industrially important spermaceti-like wax esters enriched in medium-chain fatty acyl and/or fatty alcohol moieties of wax esters. Via employment of plant codon-optimized moth acyl-CoA desaturases we also managed to capture unusual, unsaturated fatty alcohol and fatty acyl moieties, structurally similar to moth pheromone compounds, in plant-accumulated wax esters. Comparison between outcomes of different experimental designs identified targets for stable transformation to accumulate specialized wax esters and helped us to recognize possible bottlenecks of such accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Demski
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden.
| | - Bao-Jian Ding
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hong-Lei Wang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tam N T Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Timothy P Durrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
| | | | - Per Hofvander
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden.
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Domergue F, Miklaszewska M. The production of wax esters in transgenic plants:
towards a sustainable source of bio-lubricants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2817-2834. [PMID: 35560197 PMCID: PMC9113324 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wax esters are high-value compounds used as feedstocks for the production of lubricants, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Currently, they are produced mostly from fossil reserves using chemical synthesis, but this cannot meet increasing demand and has a negative environmental impact. Natural wax esters are also obtained from Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) but comparably in very low amounts and expensively. Therefore, metabolic engineering of plants, especially of the seed storage lipid metabolism of oil crops, represents an attractive strategy for renewable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly production of wax esters tailored to industrial applications. Utilization of wax ester-synthesizing enzymes with defined specificities and modulation of the acyl-CoA pools by various genetic engineering approaches can lead to obtaining wax esters with desired compositions and properties. However, obtaining high amounts of wax esters is still challenging due to their negative impact on seed germination and yield. In this review, we describe recent progress in establishing non-food-plant platforms for wax ester production and discuss their advantages and limitations as well as future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Domergue
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LBM, UMR 5200, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Magdalena Miklaszewska
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Pushkarova N, Yemets A. Biotechnological approach for improvement of Crambe species as valuable oilseed plants for industrial purposes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7168-7178. [PMID: 35424652 PMCID: PMC8982245 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00422d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Boosting technological innovation for a sustainable and circular bioeconomy encompasses the use of renewable materials and development of highly effective biotechnological approaches to improve the quality of oilseed crops and facilitate their industrial deployment. The interest in cultivating Crambe as a potential crop is steadily growing due to its low propensity to crossbreeding with other oilseed crops, valuable seed oil composition and a high yield capacity. The main focus is located on Crambe abyssinica as the most adapted into the agriculture and well-studied Crambe species. At the same time, the Crambe genus is one of the most numerous of the Brassicaceae family featuring several underestimated (orphaned) species with useful traits (abiotic stress tolerance, wide range of practical applications). This review features progress in the biotechnological improvement of well-adapted and wild Crambe species starting with aseptic culture establishment and plant propagation in vitro reinforced with the use of genetic engineering and breeding techniques. The aim of the paper is to highlight and review the existing biotechnological methods of both underestimated and well-adapted Crambe species improvment, including the establishment of aseptic culture, in vitro cultivation, plant regeneration and genetic transformation to modify seed oil content and morphological traits of valuable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Pushkarova
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Osypovskogo Str., 2a Kyiv 04123 Ukraine
| | - Alla Yemets
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Osypovskogo Str., 2a Kyiv 04123 Ukraine
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Kawiński A, Miklaszewska M, Stelter S, Głąb B, Banaś A. Lipases of germinating jojoba seeds efficiently hydrolyze triacylglycerols and wax esters and display wax ester-synthesizing activity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:50. [PMID: 33468064 PMCID: PMC7814598 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) is the only plant known to store wax esters instead of triacylglycerols in its seeds. Wax esters are composed of very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and fatty alcohols and constitute up to 60% of the jojoba seed weight. During jojoba germination, the first step of wax ester mobilization is catalyzed by lipases. To date, none of the jojoba lipase-encoding genes have been cloned and characterized. In this study, we monitored mobilization of storage reserves during germination of jojoba seeds and performed detailed characterization of the jojoba lipases using microsomal fractions isolated from germinating seeds. RESULTS During 26 days of germination, we observed a 60-70% decrease in wax ester content in the seeds, which was accompanied by the reduction of oleosin amounts and increase in glucose content. The activity of jojoba lipases in the seed microsomal fractions increased in the first 50 days of germination. The enzymes showed higher activity towards triacylglycerols than towards wax esters. The maximum lipase activity was observed at 60 °C and pH around 7 for triacylglycerols and 6.5-8 for wax esters. The enzyme efficiently hydrolyzed various wax esters containing saturated and unsaturated acyl and alcohol moieties. We also demonstrated that jojoba lipases possess wax ester-synthesizing activity when free fatty alcohols and different acyl donors, including triacylglycerols and free fatty acids, are used as substrates. For esterification reactions, the enzyme utilized both saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols, with the preference towards long chain and very long chain compounds. CONCLUSIONS In in vitro assays, jojoba lipases catalyzed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols and different wax esters in a broad range of temperatures. In addition, the enzymes had the ability to synthesize wax esters in the backward reaction. Our data suggest that jojoba lipases may be more similar to other plant lipases than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kawiński
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Miklaszewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Szymon Stelter
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Głąb
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland
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Portilho Trentini C, de Mello BTF, Ferreira Cabral V, da Silva C. Crambe seed oil: Extraction and reaction with dimethyl carbonate under pressurized conditions. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li-Beisson Y, Wada H. Plant and Algal Lipids Set Sail for New Horizons. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1161-1163. [PMID: 31093675 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F, France
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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