1
|
Qiao L, Suzaki T, Liang P. Zinc sensing in nodules regulates symbiotic nitrogen fixation. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:1153-1154. [PMID: 39134665 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Takuya Suzaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Pengbo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin J, Bjørk PK, Kolte MV, Poulsen E, Dedic E, Drace T, Andersen SU, Nadzieja M, Liu H, Castillo-Michel H, Escudero V, González-Guerrero M, Boesen T, Pedersen JS, Stougaard J, Andersen KR, Reid D. Zinc mediates control of nitrogen fixation via transcription factor filamentation. Nature 2024; 631:164-169. [PMID: 38926580 PMCID: PMC11222152 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Plants adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions by adjusting their metabolism and gene expression to maintain fitness1. In legumes, nitrogen homeostasis is maintained by balancing nitrogen acquired from soil resources with nitrogen fixation by symbiotic bacteria in root nodules2-8. Here we show that zinc, an essential plant micronutrient, acts as an intracellular second messenger that connects environmental changes to transcription factor control of metabolic activity in root nodules. We identify a transcriptional regulator, FIXATION UNDER NITRATE (FUN), which acts as a sensor, with zinc controlling the transition between an inactive filamentous megastructure and an active transcriptional regulator. Lower zinc concentrations in the nodule, which we show occur in response to higher levels of soil nitrate, dissociates the filament and activates FUN. FUN then directly targets multiple pathways to initiate breakdown of the nodule. The zinc-dependent filamentation mechanism thus establishes a concentration readout to adapt nodule function to the environmental nitrogen conditions. In a wider perspective, these results have implications for understanding the roles of metal ions in integration of environmental signals with plant development and optimizing delivery of fixed nitrogen in legume crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieshun Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Peter K Bjørk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie V Kolte
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emil Poulsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emil Dedic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Taner Drace
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stig U Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marcin Nadzieja
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Viviana Escudero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Manuel González-Guerrero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Boesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Dugald Reid
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food (LISAF), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture Bioscience and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fu M, Yao X, Li X, Liu J, Bai M, Fang Z, Gong J, Guan Y, Xie F. GmNLP1 and GmNLP4 activate nitrate-induced CLE peptides NIC1a/b to mediate nitrate-regulated root nodulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:783-795. [PMID: 38701020 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is an energy-intensive process, to maintain the balance between growth and nitrogen fixation, high concentrations of nitrate inhibit root nodulation. However, the precise mechanism underlying the nitrate inhibition of nodulation in soybean remains elusive. In this study, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of GmNLP1 and GmNLP4 unveiled a notable nitrate-tolerant nodulation phenotype. GmNLP1b and GmNLP4a play a significant role in the nitrate-triggered inhibition of nodulation, as the expression of nitrate-responsive genes was largely suppressed in Gmnlp1b and Gmnlp4a mutants. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GmNLP1b and GmNLP4a can bind to the promoters of GmNIC1a and GmNIC1b and activate their expression. Manipulations targeting GmNIC1a and GmNIC1b through knockdown or overexpression strategies resulted in either increased or decreased nodule number in response to nitrate. Additionally, transgenic roots that constitutively express GmNIC1a or GmNIC1b rely on both NARK and hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase RDN1 to prevent the inhibitory effects imposed by nitrate on nodulation. In conclusion, this study highlights the crucial role of the GmNLP1/4-GmNIC1a/b module in mediating high nitrate-induced inhibition of nodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Fu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Yao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengyan Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zijun Fang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiming Gong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuefeng Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Xie
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu N, Cheng L, Kong Y, Chen G, Zhao L, Liu F. Functional analyses of the NRT2 family of nitrate transporters in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1351998. [PMID: 38501135 PMCID: PMC10944928 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1351998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Nitrate is the major form of nitrogen acquired by most crops and also serves as a vital signaling molecule. Nitrate is absorbed from the soil into root cells usually by the low-affinity NRT1 NO3 - transporters and high-affinity NRT2 NO3 - transporters, with NRT2s serving to absorb NO3 - under NO3 -limiting conditions. Seven NRT2 members have been identified in Arabidopsis, and they have been shown to be involved in various biological processes. In this review, we summarize the spatiotemporal expression patterns, localization, and biotic and abiotic responses of these transporters with a focus on recent advances in the current understanding of the functions of the seven AtNRT2 genes. This review offers beneficial insight into the mechanisms by which plants adapt to changing environmental conditions and provides a theoretical basis for crop research in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Li Cheng
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Kong
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Guiling Chen
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Lufei Zhao
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qiao L, Lin J, Suzaki T, Liang P. Staying hungry: a roadmap to harnessing central regulators of symbiotic nitrogen fixation under fluctuating nitrogen availability. ABIOTECH 2024; 5:107-113. [PMID: 38576431 PMCID: PMC10987428 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Legumes have evolved specific inventions to enhance nitrogen (N) acquisition by establishing symbiotic interactions with N-fixing rhizobial bacteria. Because symbiotic N fixation is energetically costly, legumes have developed sophisticated mechanisms to ensure carbon-nitrogen balance, in a variable environment, both locally and at the whole plant level, by monitoring nodule number, nodule development, and nodular nitrogenase activity, as well as controlling nodule senescence. Studies of the autoregulation of nodulation and regulation of nodulation by nodule inception (NIN) and NIN-LIKE PROTEINs (NLPs) have provided great insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying the nitrate-induced regulation of root nodulation for adapting to N availability in the rhizosphere. However, many aspects of N-induced pleiotropic regulation remain to be fully explained, such as N-triggered senescence in mature nodules. Wang et al. determined that this process is governed by a transcriptional network regulated by NAC-type transcription factors. Characterization and dissection of these soybean nitrogen-associated NAPs (SNAPs) transcription factor-mastered networks have yielded a roadmap for exploring how legumes rewire nodule functions across a range of N levels, laying the foundation for enhancing the growth of N-deprived crops in agricultural settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jieshun Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Takuya Suzaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Pengbo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Geurts R, Huisman R. Innovations in two genes kickstarted the evolution of nitrogen-fixing nodules. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 77:102446. [PMID: 37696726 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The root nodule symbiosis between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is a fascinating trait limited to several plant species. Given the agronomic potential of transferring this symbiosis to nonleguminous crops, the symbiosis has attracted researchers' attention for over a century. The origins of this symbiosis can be traced back to a single ancestor, around 110 million years ago. Recent findings have uncovered that adaptations in a receptor complex and the recruitment of the transcription factor Nodule Inception (NIN) are among the first genetic adaptations that allowed this ancestor to respond to its microsymbiont. Understanding the consequences of recruiting these genes provides insights into the start of this complex genetic trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Geurts
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Plant Science Group, Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Rik Huisman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Plant Science Group, Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ito M, Tajima Y, Ogawa-Ohnishi M, Nishida H, Nosaki S, Noda M, Sotta N, Kawade K, Kamiya T, Fujiwara T, Matsubayashi Y, Suzaki T. IMA peptides regulate root nodulation and nitrogen homeostasis by providing iron according to internal nitrogen status. Nat Commun 2024; 15:733. [PMID: 38286991 PMCID: PMC10825120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Legumes control root nodule symbiosis (RNS) in response to environmental nitrogen availability. Despite the recent understanding of the molecular basis of external nitrate-mediated control of RNS, it remains mostly elusive how plants regulate physiological processes depending on internal nitrogen status. In addition, iron (Fe) acts as an essential element that enables symbiotic nitrogen fixation; however, the mechanism of Fe accumulation in nodules is poorly understood. Here, we focus on the transcriptome in response to internal nitrogen status during RNS in Lotus japonicus and identify that IRON MAN (IMA) peptide genes are expressed during symbiotic nitrogen fixation. We show that LjIMA1 and LjIMA2 expressed in the shoot and root play systemic and local roles in concentrating internal Fe to the nodule. Furthermore, IMA peptides have conserved roles in regulating nitrogen homeostasis by adjusting nitrogen-Fe balance in L. japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana. These findings indicate that IMA-mediated Fe provision plays an essential role in regulating nitrogen-related physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momoyo Ito
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuri Tajima
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Rhelixa Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Ogawa-Ohnishi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hanna Nishida
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shohei Nosaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Momona Noda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sotta
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawade
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama-city, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Matsubayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morère-Le Paven MC, Clochard T, Limami AM. NPF and NRT2 from Pisum sativum Potentially Involved in Nodule Functioning: Lessons from Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:322. [PMID: 38276779 PMCID: PMC10820289 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In addition to absorbing nitrogen from the soil, legumes have the ability to use atmospheric N2 through symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Therefore, legumes have developed mechanisms regulating nodulation in response to the amount of nitrate in the soil; in the presence of high nitrate concentrations, nodulation is inhibited, while low nitrate concentrations stimulate nodulation and nitrogen fixation. This allows the legumes to switch from soil nitrogen acquisition to symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Recently, particular interest has been given to the nitrate transporters, such as Nitrate Transporter1/Peptide transporter Family (NPF) and Nitrate Transporter 2 (NRT2), having a role in the functioning of nodules. Nitrate transporters of the two model plants, Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula, shown to have a positive and/or a negative role in nodule functioning depending on nitrate concentration, are presented in this article. In particular, the following transporters were thoroughly studied: (i) members of NPF transporters family, such as LjNPF8.6 and LjNPF3.1 in L. japonicus and MtNPF1.7 and MtNPF7.6 in M. truncatula, and (ii) members of NRT2 transporters family, such as LjNRT2.4 and LjNRT2.1 in L. japonicus and MtNRT2.1 in M. truncatula. Also, by exploiting available genomic and transcriptomic data in the literature, we have identified the complete PsNPF family in Pisum sativum (69 sequences previously described and 21 new that we have annotated) and putative nitrate transporters candidate for playing a role in nodule functioning in P. sativum.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen B, Shi Y, Lu L, Wang L, Sun Y, Ning W, Liu Z, Cheng S. PsNRT2.3 interacts with PsNAR to promote high-affinity nitrate uptake in pea (Pisum sativum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108191. [PMID: 38016367 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate, the primary form of nitrogen absorbed by plants, supplies essential compounds for plant growth and development. Peas are frequently used as rotation crops to improve and stabilize soil fertility. However, the determinants of nitrate uptake and transport in peas remain largely unclear, primarily due to the pea genome's complexity and size. In this study, we utilized the complete genomic information of peas to identify three PsNRT2 family genes within the pea genome. We conducted a comprehensive examination of their protein conserved domains, physicochemical properties, gene structure, and phylogenetic evolution, revealing PsNRT2.3 as the potential key gene for high-affinity nitrate transport in peas. Subcellular localization studies indicated that PsNRT2.3 resides on the plasma membrane. Using hairy root transformation, we noted the predominant expression of PsNRT2.3 in the root stele, which is inducible by nitrate. Our experiments involving overexpression and silencing methods further confirmed that PsNRT2.3 plays a key role in enhancing nitrate uptake in peas. Additionally, our work showed that PsNAR could interact with PsNRT2.3, modulating pea nitrate uptake. After silencing PsNAR, even with the normal expression of PsNRT2.3, the ability of peas to absorb nitrate was significantly reduced. In conclusion, this study identifies the high-affinity nitrate transport gene PsNRT2.3 in peas and clarifies its critical role and regulatory network in nitrate transport, contributing to a new understanding of nitrate utilization in peas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baizhi Chen
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China; College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Weidong Ning
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shifeng Cheng
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cui S, Inaba S, Suzaki T, Yoshida S. Developing for nutrient uptake: Induced organogenesis in parasitic plants and root nodule symbiosis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 76:102473. [PMID: 37826989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved diverse strategies to meet their nutritional needs. Parasitic plants employ haustoria, specialized structures that facilitate invasion of host plants and nutrient acquisition. Legumes have adapted to nitrogen-limited conditions by developing nodules that accommodate nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. The formation of both haustoria and nodules is induced by signals originating from the interacting organisms, namely host plants and rhizobial bacteria, respectively. Emerging studies showed that both organogenesis crucially involves plant hormones such as auxin, cytokinins, and ethylene and also integrate nutrient availability, particularly nitrogen. In this review, we discuss recent advances on hormonal and environmental control of haustoria and nodules development with side-by-side comparison. These underscore the remarkable plasticity of plant organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songkui Cui
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Shoko Inaba
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Satoko Yoshida
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Qiu Z, Zhu W, Wang N, Bai M, Kuang H, Cai C, Zhong X, Kong F, Lü P, Guan Y. The NAC transcription factors SNAP1/2/3/4 are central regulators mediating high nitrogen responses in mature nodules of soybean. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4711. [PMID: 37543605 PMCID: PMC10404276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Legumes can utilize atmospheric nitrogen via symbiotic nitrogen fixation, but this process is inhibited by high soil inorganic nitrogen. So far, how high nitrogen inhibits N2 fixation in mature nodules is still poorly understood. Here we construct a co-expression network in soybean nodule and find that a dynamic and reversible transcriptional network underlies the high N inhibition of N2 fixation. Intriguingly, several NAC transcription factors (TFs), designated as Soybean Nitrogen Associated NAPs (SNAPs), are amongst the most connected hub TFs. The nodules of snap1/2/3/4 quadruple mutants show less sensitivity to the high nitrogen inhibition of nitrogenase activity and acceleration of senescence. Integrative analysis shows that these SNAP TFs largely influence the high nitrogen transcriptional response through direct regulation of a subnetwork of senescence-associated genes and transcriptional regulators. We propose that the SNAP-mediated transcriptional network may trigger nodule senescence in response to high nitrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhimin Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Mengyan Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huaqin Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chenlin Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiangbin Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peitao Lü
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
| | - Yuefeng Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Deng QY, Luo JT, Zheng JM, Tan WF, Pu ZJ, Wang F. Genome-wide systematic characterization of the NRT2 gene family and its expression profile in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during plant growth and in response to nitrate deficiency. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:353. [PMID: 37420192 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major cereal crop that is grown worldwide, and it is highly dependent on sufficient N supply. The molecular mechanisms associated with nitrate uptake and assimilation are still poorly understood in wheat. In plants, NRT2 family proteins play a crucial role in NO3- acquisition and translocation under nitrate limited conditions. However, the biological functions of these genes in wheat are still unclear, especially their roles in NO3- uptake and assimilation. RESULTS In this study, a comprehensive analysis of wheat TaNRT2 genes was conducted using bioinformatics and molecular biology methods, and 49 TaNRT2 genes were identified. A phylogenetic analysis clustered the TaNRT2 genes into three clades. The genes that clustered on the same phylogenetic branch had similar gene structures and nitrate assimilation functions. The identified genes were further mapped onto the 13 wheat chromosomes, and the results showed that a large duplication event had occurred on chromosome 6. To explore the TaNRT2 gene expression profiles in wheat, we performed transcriptome sequencing after low nitrate treatment for three days. Transcriptome analysis revealed the expression levels of all TaNRT2 genes in shoots and roots, and based on the expression profiles, three highly expressed genes (TaNRT2-6A.2, TaNRT2-6A.6, and TaNRT2-6B.4) were selected for qPCR analysis in two different wheat cultivars ('Mianmai367' and 'Nanmai660') under nitrate-limited and normal conditions. All three genes were upregulated under nitrate-limited conditions and highly expressed in the high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) wheat 'Mianmai367' under low nitrate conditions. CONCLUSION We systematically identified 49 NRT2 genes in wheat and analysed the transcript levels of all TaNRT2s under nitrate deficient conditions and over the whole growth period. The results suggest that these genes play important roles in nitrate absorption, distribution, and accumulation. This study provides valuable information and key candidate genes for further studies on the function of TaNRT2s in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yan Deng
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610066, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Luo
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610066, China
| | - Jian-Min Zheng
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610066, China
| | - Wen-Fang Tan
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zong-Jun Pu
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610066, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie B, Chen Y, Zhang Y, An X, Li X, Yang A, Kang G, Zhou J, Cheng C. Comparative physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses reveal mechanisms of apple dwarfing rootstock root morphogenesis under nitrogen and/or phosphorus deficient conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1120777. [PMID: 37404544 PMCID: PMC10315683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1120777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are essential phytomacronutrients, and deficiencies in these two elements limit growth and yield in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). The rootstock plays a key role in the nutrient uptake and environmental adaptation of apple. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of N and/or P deficiency on hydroponically-grown dwarfing rootstock 'M9-T337' seedlings, particularly the roots, by performing an integrated physiological, transcriptomics-, and metabolomics-based analyses. Compared to N and P sufficiency, N and/or P deficiency inhibited aboveground growth, increased the partitioning of total N and total P in roots, enhanced the total number of tips, length, volume, and surface area of roots, and improved the root-to-shoot ratio. P and/or N deficiency inhibited NO3 - influx into roots, and H+ pumps played a important role in the response to P and/or N deficiency. Conjoint analysis of differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites in roots revealed that N and/or P deficiency altered the biosynthesis of cell wall components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. The expression of MdEXPA4 and MdEXLB1, two cell wall expansin genes, were shown to be induced by N and/or P deficiency. Overexpression of MdEXPA4 enhanced root development and improved tolerance to N and/or P deficiency in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In addition, overexpression of MdEXLB1 in transgenic Solanum lycopersicum seedlings increased the root surface area and promoted acquisition of N and P, thereby facilitating plant growth and adaptation to N and/or P deficiency. Collectively, these results provided a reference for improving root architecture in dwarfing rootstock and furthering our understanding of integration between N and P signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiuhong An
- Research Center for Agricultural Engineering Technology of Mountain District of Hebei/Mountainous Areas Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - An Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Guodong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Cungang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rahmat Z, Sohail MN, Perrine-Walker F, Kaiser BN. Balancing nitrate acquisition strategies in symbiotic legumes. PLANTA 2023; 258:12. [PMID: 37296318 PMCID: PMC10256645 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Legumes manage both symbiotic (indirect) and non-symbiotic (direct) nitrogen acquisition pathways. Understanding and optimising the direct pathway for nitrate uptake will support greater legume growth and seed yields. Legumes have multiple pathways to acquire reduced nitrogen to grow and set seed. Apart from the symbiotic N2-fixation pathway involving soil-borne rhizobia bacteria, the acquisition of nitrate and ammonia from the soil can also be an important secondary nitrogen source to meet plant N demand. The balance in N delivery between symbiotic N (indirect) and inorganic N uptake (direct) remains less clear over the growing cycle and with the type of legume under cultivation. In fertile, pH balanced agricultural soils, NO3- is often the predominant form of reduced N available to crop plants and will be a major contributor to whole plant N supply if provided at sufficient levels. The transport processes for NO3- uptake into legume root cells and its transport between root and shoot tissues involves both high and low-affinity transport systems called HATS and LATS, respectively. These proteins are regulated by external NO3- availability and by the N status of the cell. Other proteins also play a role in NO3- transport, including the voltage dependent chloride/nitrate channel family (CLC) and the S-type anion channels of the SLAC/SLAH family. CLC's are linked to NO3- transport across the tonoplast of vacuoles and the SLAC/SLAH's with NO3- efflux across the plasma membrane and out of the cell. An important step in managing the N requirements of a plant are the mechanisms involved in root N uptake and the subsequent cellular distribution within the plant. In this review, we will present the current knowledge of these proteins and what is understood on how they function in key model legumes (Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and Glycine sp.). The review will examine their regulation and role in N signalling, discuss how post-translational modification affects NO3- transport in roots and aerial tissues and its translocation to vegetative tissues and storage/remobilization in reproductive tissues. Lastly, we will present how NO3-influences the autoregulation of nodulation and nitrogen fixation and its role in mitigating salt and other abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Rahmat
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW, 2570, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Muhammad N Sohail
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW, 2570, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Francine Perrine-Walker
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW, 2570, Australia.
| | - Brent N Kaiser
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW, 2570, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Plants associate with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to secure nitrogen, which is generally the most limiting nutrient for plant growth. Endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing associations are widespread among diverse plant lineages, ranging from microalgae to angiosperms, and are primarily one of three types: cyanobacterial, actinorhizal or rhizobial. The large overlap in the signaling pathways and infection components of arbuscular mycorrhizal, actinorhizal and rhizobial symbioses reflects their evolutionary relatedness. These beneficial associations are influenced by environmental factors and other microorganisms in the rhizosphere. In this review, we summarize the diversity of nitrogen-fixing symbioses, key signal transduction pathways and colonization mechanisms relevant to such interactions, and compare and contrast these interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal associations from an evolutionary standpoint. Additionally, we highlight recent studies on environmental factors regulating nitrogen-fixing symbioses to provide insights into the adaptation of symbiotic plants to complex environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen 518054, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Tian T, Liang J, Li R, Xin X, Qi Y, Zhou Y, Fan Q, Ning G, Becana M, Duanmu D. A transcription factor of the NAC family regulates nitrate-induced legume nodule senescence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2113-2129. [PMID: 36945893 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Legumes establish symbioses with rhizobia by forming nitrogen-fixing nodules. Nitrate is a major environmental factor that affects symbiotic functioning. However, the molecular mechanism of nitrate-induced nodule senescence is poorly understood. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals an NAC-type transcription factor in Lotus japonicus, LjNAC094, that acts as a positive regulator in nitrate-induced nodule senescence. Stable overexpression and mutant lines of NAC094 were constructed and used for phenotypic characterization. DNA-affinity purification sequencing was performed to identify NAC094 targeting genes and results were confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift and transactivation assays. Overexpression of NAC094 induces premature nodule senescence. Knocking out NAC094 partially relieves nitrate-induced degradation of leghemoglobins and abolishes nodule expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) that contain a conserved binding motif for NAC094. Nitrate-triggered metabolic changes in wild-type nodules are largely affected in nac094 mutant nodules. Induction of NAC094 and its targeting SAGs was almost blocked in the nitrate-insensitive nlp1, nlp4, and nlp1 nlp4 mutants. We conclude that NAC094 functions downstream of NLP1 and NLP4 by regulating nitrate-induced expression of SAGs. Our study fills in a key gap between nitrate and the execution of nodule senescence, and provides a potential strategy to improve nitrogen fixation and stress tolerance of legumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianjun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Runhui Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xian Xin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yongmei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yumiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiuling Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guogui Ning
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim Y, Wang J, Ma C, Jong C, Jin M, Cha J, Wang J, Peng Y, Ni H, Li H, Yang M, Chen Q, Xin D. GmTCP and GmNLP Underlying Nodulation Character in Soybean Depending on Nitrogen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097750. [PMID: 37175456 PMCID: PMC10178161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean is a cereal crop with high protein and oil content which serves as the main source of plant-based protein and oil for human consumption. The symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobia contributes significantly to soybean yield and quality, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood, hindering efforts to improve soybean productivity. In this study, we conducted a transcriptome analysis and identified 22 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from nodule-related quantitative trait loci (QTL) located in chromosomes 12 and 19. Subsequently, we performed functional characterisation and haplotype analysis to identify key candidate genes among the 22 DEGs that are responsive to nitrate. Our findings identified GmTCP (TEOSINTE-BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF) and GmNLP (NIN-LIKE PROTEIN) as the key candidate genes that regulate the soybean nodule phenotype in response to nitrogen concentration. We conducted homologous gene mutant analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana, which revealed that the homologous genes of GmTCP and GmNLP play a vital role in regulating root development in response to nitrogen concentration. We further performed overexpression and gene knockout of GmTCP and GmNLP through hairy root transformation in soybeans and analysed the effects of GmTCP and GmNLP on nodulation under different nitrogen concentrations using transgenic lines. Overexpressing GmTCP and GmNLP resulted in significant differences in soybean hairy root nodulation phenotypes, such as nodule number (NN) and nodule dry weight (NDW), under varying nitrate conditions. Our results demonstrate that GmTCP and GmNLP are involved in regulating soybean nodulation in response to nitrogen concentration, providing new insights into the mechanism of soybean symbiosis establishment underlying different nitrogen concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunchol Kim
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Cholnam Jong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Myongil Jin
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Jinmyong Cha
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Yang Peng
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Hejia Ni
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Haibo Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Mingliang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Dawei Xin
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Suzaki T. Root nodule organogenesis: a unique lateral organogenesis in legumes. BREEDING SCIENCE 2023; 73:70-75. [PMID: 37168810 PMCID: PMC10165338 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
During the course of plant evolution, leguminous and a few plants species have established root nodule symbiosis (RNS), one of the nitrogen nutrient acquisition strategies based on mutual interaction between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. In addition to its useful agronomic trait, RNS comprises a unique form of plant lateral organogenesis; dedifferentiation and activation of cortical cells in the root are induced upon bacterial infection during nodule development. In the past few years, the elucidations of the significance of NODULE INCEPTION transcription factor as a potentially key innovative factor of RNS, the details of its function, and the successive discoveries of its target genes have advanced our understanding underlying molecular mechanisms of nodule organogenesis. In addition, a recent elucidation of the role of legume SHORTROOT-SCARECROW module has provided the insights into the unique properties of legume cortical cells. Here, I summarize such latest findings on the neofunctionalized key players of nodule organogenesis, which may provide clue to understand an evolutionary basis of RNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suzaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nishida H, Suzaki T. Lotus japonicus NLP1 and NLP4 transcription factors have different roles in the regulation of nitrate transporter family gene expression. Genes Genet Syst 2023; 97:257-260. [PMID: 36631110 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.22-00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Root nodule symbiosis is promoted in nitrogen-deficient environments, whereas host plants cease the symbiosis if they can obtain enough nitrogen from their surrounding soil. In Lotus japonicus, recent reports indicate that two NODULE INCEPTION (NIN)-LIKE PROTEIN (NLP) transcription factors, LjNLP1 and LjNLP4, play important roles in the regulation of gene expression and nodulation in response to nitrate. To characterize the redundant and unique roles of LjNLP1 and LjNLP4 in more detail, we reanalyzed our previous transcriptome data using Ljnlp1 and Ljnlp4 mutants. Although downstream genes of LjNLP1 and LjNLP4 mostly overlapped, we found that nitrate-induced expression of NITRATE TRANSPORTER 2 (LjNRT2) family genes was specifically regulated by LjNLP1. In contrast, LjNRT1 gene family expression was regulated by both LjNLP1 and LjNLP4. Therefore, it is likely that the two NLPs play distinct roles in the regulation of nitrate transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Nishida
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Takuya Suzaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Luo Z, Wang J, Li F, Lu Y, Fang Z, Fu M, Mysore KS, Wen J, Gong J, Murray JD, Xie F. The small peptide CEP1 and the NIN-like protein NLP1 regulate NRT2.1 to mediate root nodule formation across nitrate concentrations. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:776-794. [PMID: 36440970 PMCID: PMC9940871 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Legumes acquire fixed nitrogen (N) from the soil and through endosymbiotic association with diazotrophic bacteria. However, establishing and maintaining N2-fixing nodules are expensive for the host plant, relative to taking up N from the soil. Therefore, plants suppress symbiosis when N is plentiful and enhance symbiosis when N is sparse. Here, we show that the nitrate transporter MtNRT2.1 is required for optimal nodule establishment in Medicago truncatula under low-nitrate conditions and the repression of nodulation under high-nitrate conditions. The NIN-like protein (NLP) MtNLP1 is required for MtNRT2.1 expression and regulation of nitrate uptake/transport under low- and high-nitrate conditions. Under low nitrate, the gene encoding the C-terminally encoded peptide (CEP) MtCEP1 was more highly expressed, and the exogenous application of MtCEP1 systemically promoted MtNRT2.1 expression in a compact root architecture 2 (MtCRA2)-dependent manner. The enhancement of nodulation by MtCEP1 and nitrate uptake were both impaired in the Mtnrt2.1 mutant under low nitrate. Our study demonstrates that nitrate uptake by MtNRT2.1 differentially affects nodulation at low- and high-nitrate conditions through the actions of MtCEP1 and MtNLP1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuyu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijun Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengdi Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Jiming Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Frungillo L. Getting to the root of nodulation: how legumes and rhizobia use nitrate uptake to control symbiosis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1443-1444. [PMID: 35226102 PMCID: PMC9048875 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
|
22
|
Innes RW, Gu Y, Kliebenstein D, Tholl D. Exciting times in plant biotic interactions. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1421-1424. [PMID: 35201349 PMCID: PMC9048872 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Reviewing Editor, The Plant Cell and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Dan Kliebenstein
- Senior Editor, The Plant Cell and Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Dorothea Tholl
- Reviewing Editor, The Plant Cell and Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|