1
|
Shevela D, Schröder WP, Messinger J. Measurements of Oxygen Evolution in Photosynthesis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2790:133-148. [PMID: 38649570 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3790-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This chapter compares two different techniques for monitoring photosynthetic O2 production; the wide-spread Clark-type O2 electrode and the more sophisticated membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) technique. We describe how a simple membrane inlet for MIMS can be made out of a commercial Clark-type cell and outline the advantages and drawbacks of the two techniques to guide researchers in deciding which method to use. Protocols and examples are given for measuring O2 evolution rates and for determining the number of chlorophyll molecules per active photosystem II reaction center.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johannes Messinger
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Driever SM. Measurement of O 2 Uptake and Evolution in Leaves In Vivo Using Stable Isotopes and Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2790:149-162. [PMID: 38649571 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3790-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen is both product and substrate of photosynthesis and metabolism in plants, by oxygen evolution through water splitting and uptake by photorespiration and respiration. It is important to investigate these processes simultaneously in leaves, especially in response to environmental variables, such as light and temperature. To distinguish between processes that evolve or take up O2 in leaves in the light, in vivo gas exchange of stable isotopes of oxygen and membrane inlet mass spectrometry is used. A closed-cuvette system for gas exchange of leaf discs is described, using the stable isotopes 16O2 and 18O2, with a semi-permeable membrane gas inlet and isotope mass separation and detection by mass spectrometry. Measurement of evolution and uptake, as well as CO2 uptake, at a range of light levels allows composition of a light response curve, here described for French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and maize (Zea mays) leaf discs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Driever
- Centre for Crop System Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al-Huqail AA, Rizwan A, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Sakit Al-Haithloul HA, Alghanem SMS, Usman M, Majid N, Hamoud YA, Rizwan M, Abeed AA. Effect of exogenous application of biogenic silicon sources on growth, yield, and ionic homeostasis of maize (Zea mays L.) crops cultivated in alkaline soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140019. [PMID: 37657700 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Salinity has emerged as a major threat to food security and safety around the globe. The crop production on agricultural lands is squeezing due to aridity, climate change and low quality of irrigation water. The present study investigated the effect of biogenic silicon (Si) sources including wheat straw biochar (BC-ws), cotton stick biochar (BC-cs), rice husk feedstock (RH-fs), and sugarcane bagasse (SB), on the growth of two consecutive maize (Zea mays L.) crops in alkaline calcareous soil. The application of SB increased the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and internal CO2 concentration by 104, 100, 55, and 16% in maize 1 and 140, 136, 76, and 22% in maize 2 respectively. Maximum yield (g/pot) of cob, straw, and root were remained as 39.5, 110.7, and 23.6 while 39.4, 113.2, and 23.6 in maize 1 and 2 respectively with the application of SB. The concentration of phosphorus (P) in roots, shoots, and cobs was increased by 157, 173, and 78% for maize 1 while 96, 224, and 161% for maize 2 respectively over control by applying SB. The plant cationic ratios (Mg:Na, Ca:Na, K:Na) were maximum in the SB applied treatment in maize 1 and 2. The study concluded that the application of SB on the basis of soluble Si, as a biogenic source, remained the best in alleviating the salt stress and enhancing the growth of maize in rotation. The field trials will be more interesting to recommend the farmer scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Abdulkreem Al-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Rizwan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | | | | | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Naveeda Majid
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils (Soil CRC), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
- College of Hydrology and Water Recourses, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - AmanyH A Abeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kılıç M, Käpylä V, Gollan PJ, Aro EM, Rintamäki E. PSI Photoinhibition and Changing CO 2 Levels Initiate Retrograde Signals to Modify Nuclear Gene Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1902. [PMID: 38001755 PMCID: PMC10669900 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a critical component of the photosynthetic machinery in plants. Under conditions of environmental stress, PSI becomes photoinhibited, leading to a redox imbalance in the chloroplast. PSI photoinhibition is caused by an increase in electron pressure within PSI, which damages the iron-sulfur clusters. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of PSI to photoinhibition in plants at different concentrations of CO2, followed by global gene expression analyses of the differentially treated plants. PSI photoinhibition was induced using a specific illumination protocol that inhibited PSI with minimal effects on PSII. Unexpectedly, the varying CO2 levels combined with the PSI-PI treatment neither increased nor decreased the likelihood of PSI photodamage. All PSI photoinhibition treatments, independent of CO2 levels, upregulated genes generally involved in plant responses to excess iron and downregulated genes involved in iron deficiency. PSI photoinhibition also induced genes encoding photosynthetic proteins that act as electron acceptors from PSI. We propose that PSI photoinhibition causes a release of iron from damaged iron-sulfur clusters, which initiates a retrograde signal from the chloroplast to the nucleus to modify gene expression. In addition, the deprivation of CO2 from the air initiated a signal that induced flavonoid biosynthesis genes, probably via jasmonate production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eevi Rintamäki
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (M.K.); (V.K.); (P.J.G.); (E.-M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Takagi D, Tani S. Impact of growth light environment on oxygen sensitivity in rice: Pseudo-first-order response of photosystem I photoinhibition to O 2 partial pressure. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14009. [PMID: 37882280 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) during photosynthetic electron transport reactions on the thylakoid membranes within both photosystems (PSI and PSII), leading to the impairment of photosynthetic activity, known as photoinhibition. In PSI, ROS production has been suggested to follow Michaelis-Menten- or second-order reaction-dependent kinetics in response to changes in the partial pressure of O2 . However, it remains unclear whether ROS-mediated PSI photoinhibition follows the kinetics mentioned above. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the ROS production kinetics from the aspect of PSI photoinhibition in vivo. For this research objective, we investigated the O2 dependence of PSI photoinhibition by examining intact rice leaves grown under varying photon flux densities. Subsequently, we found that the degree of O2 -dependent PSI photoinhibition linearly increased in response to the increase in O2 partial pressure. Furthermore, we observed that the higher photon flux density on plant growth reduced the O2 sensitivity of PSI photoinhibition. Based on the obtained data, we investigated the O2 -dependent kinetics of PSI photoinhibition by model fitting analysis to elucidate the mechanism of PSI photoinhibition in leaves grown under various photon flux densities. Remarkably, we found that the pseudo-first-order reaction formula successfully replicated the O2 -dependent PSI photoinhibition kinetics in intact leaves. These results suggest that ROS production, which triggers PSI photoinhibition, occurs by an electron-leakage reaction from electron carriers within PSI, consistent with previous in vitro studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Japan
| | - Saya Tani
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saeid Nia M, Scholz L, Garibay-Hernández A, Mock HP, Repnik U, Selinski J, Krupinska K, Bilger W. How do barley plants with impaired photosynthetic light acclimation survive under high-light stress? PLANTA 2023; 258:71. [PMID: 37632541 PMCID: PMC10460368 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION WHIRLY1 deficient barley plants surviving growth at high irradiance displayed increased non-radiative energy dissipation, enhanced contents of zeaxanthin and the flavonoid lutonarin, but no changes in α-tocopherol nor glutathione. Plants are able to acclimate to environmental conditions to optimize their functions. With the exception of obligate shade plants, they can adjust their photosynthetic apparatus and the morphology and anatomy of their leaves to irradiance. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Golden Promise) plants with reduced abundance of the protein WHIRLY1 were recently shown to be unable to acclimatise important components of the photosynthetic apparatus to high light. Nevertheless, these plants did not show symptoms of photoinhibition. High-light (HL) grown WHIRLY1 knockdown plants showed clear signs of exposure to excessive irradiance such as a low epoxidation state of the violaxanthin cycle pigments and an early light saturation of electron transport. These responses were underlined by a very large xanthophyll cycle pool size and by an increased number of plastoglobules. Whereas zeaxanthin increased with HL stress, α-tocopherol, which is another lipophilic antioxidant, showed no response to excessive light. Also the content of the hydrophilic antioxidant glutathione showed no increase in W1 plants as compared to the wild type, whereas the flavone lutonarin was induced in W1 plants. HPLC analysis of removed epidermal tissue indicated that the largest part of lutonarin was presumably located in the mesophyll. Since lutonarin is a better antioxidant than saponarin, the major flavone present in barley leaves, it is concluded that lutonarin accumulated as a response to oxidative stress. It is also concluded that zeaxanthin and lutonarin may have served as antioxidants in the WHIRLY1 knockdown plants, contributing to their survival in HL despite their restricted HL acclimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis Scholz
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Adriana Garibay-Hernández
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 23, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Urska Repnik
- Central Microscopy, Department of Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Karin Krupinska
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bilger
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kanjanapokin C, Thiravetyan P, Krobthong S, Aonbangkhen C, Yingchutrakul Y, Kittipornkul P, Treesubsuntorn C. Possibility to Apply Strontium Aluminate to Produce Light-Emitting Plants: Efficiency and Safety. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300552. [PMID: 37345919 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting plants (LEPs) provides light in areas without electricity. The phosphorescent compound was used as a lighting material for LEP development. However, using the phosphorescent compound for LEPs development required optimization and phytotoxicity evaluation. Strontium aluminate (SrAl2 O4 ) is a phosphorescent compound that can glow for a long time and is easily recharged by visible light. In this study, using SrAl2 O4 to develop LEPs was evaluated. Additionally, plant stress under SrAl2 O4 was investigated. Metabolomic analysis can explain the possible mechanism of plants' stress under SrAl2 O4 . After, injecting 3 mL of 5 % (w/v) SrAl2 O4 products 1, 2, and 3 into the stem of Ipomoea aquatica, the result showed that SrAl2 O4 products 2 and 3 caused oxidative stress. The metabolomic analysis also indicated that I. aquatica responded to SrAl2 O4 product 1 by increasing pipecolic acid and salicylic acid, while I. aquatica injected with SrAl2 O4 products 2 and 3 showed a decrease in salicylic acid around 0.005 and 0.061-fold, respectively, compared to control plants. and an excess accumulation of MDA around 10.00-12.00 μmol g-1 FW. A 15 % concentration of SrAl2 O4 can be used for LEPs development, enabling photoemission 18-fold for 50 min. SrAl2 O4 product 1 has the potential to be a material for LEPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chutipa Kanjanapokin
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Paitip Thiravetyan
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanat Aonbangkhen
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Piyatida Kittipornkul
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Chairat Treesubsuntorn
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bag P, Shutova T, Shevela D, Lihavainen J, Nanda S, Ivanov AG, Messinger J, Jansson S. Flavodiiron-mediated O 2 photoreduction at photosystem I acceptor-side provides photoprotection to conifer thylakoids in early spring. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3210. [PMID: 37270605 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Green organisms evolve oxygen (O2) via photosynthesis and consume it by respiration. Generally, net O2 consumption only becomes dominant when photosynthesis is suppressed at night. Here, we show that green thylakoid membranes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) needles display strong O2 consumption even in the presence of light when extremely low temperatures coincide with high solar irradiation during early spring (ES). By employing different electron transport chain inhibitors, we show that this unusual light-induced O2 consumption occurs around photosystem (PS) I and correlates with higher abundance of flavodiiron (Flv) A protein in ES thylakoids. With P700 absorption changes, we demonstrate that electron scavenging from the acceptor-side of PSI via O2 photoreduction is a major alternative pathway in ES. This photoprotection mechanism in vascular plants indicates that conifers have developed an adaptative evolution trajectory for growing in harsh environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pushan Bag
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Section of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tatyana Shutova
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dmitry Shevela
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jenna Lihavainen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sanchali Nanda
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Johannes Messinger
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jajoo A, Subramanyam R, Garab G, Allakhverdiev SI. Honoring two stalwarts of photosynthesis research: Eva-Mari Aro and Govindjee. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023:10.1007/s11120-022-00988-7. [PMID: 36847891 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
On behalf of the entire photosynthesis community, it is an honor, for us, to write about two very eminent scientists who were recently recognised with a Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Society of Photosynthesis Research (ISPR) on August 5, 2022; this prestigious Award was given during the closing ceremony of the 18th International Congress on Photosynthesis Research in Dunedin, New Zealand. The awardees were: Professor Eva-Mari Aro (Finland) and Professor Emeritus Govindjee Govindjee (USA). One of the authors, Anjana Jajoo, is especially delighted to be a part of this tribute to professors Aro and Govindjee as she was lucky enough to have worked with both of them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Jajoo
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, 452001, India.
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vogelsang L, Dietz KJ. Plant thiol peroxidases as redox sensors and signal transducers in abiotic stress acclimation. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:764-778. [PMID: 36403735 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The temporal and spatial patterns of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues decisively determine the plant acclimation response to diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Recent progress in developing dynamic cell imaging probes provides kinetic information on changes in parameters like H2O2, glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+, that play a crucial role in tuning the cellular redox state. Central to redox-based regulation is the thiol-redox regulatory network of the cell that integrates reductive information from metabolism and oxidative ROS signals. Sensitive proteomics allow for monitoring changes in redox-related posttranslational modifications. Thiol peroxidases act as sensitive peroxide and redox sensors and play a central role in this signal transduction process. Peroxiredoxins (PRX) and glutathione peroxidases (GPX) are the two main thiol peroxidases and their function in ROS sensing and redox signaling in plants is emerging at present and summarized in this review. Depending on their redox state, PRXs and GPXs act as redox-dependent binding partners, direct oxidants of target proteins and oxidants of thiol redox transmitters that in turn oxidize target proteins. With their versatile functions, the multiple isoforms of plant thiol peroxidases play a central role in plant stress acclimation, e.g. to high light or osmotic stress, but also in ROS-mediated immunity and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Vogelsang
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lempiäinen T, Rintamäki E, Aro E, Tikkanen M. Plants acclimate to Photosystem I photoinhibition by readjusting the photosynthetic machinery. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2954-2971. [PMID: 35916195 PMCID: PMC9546127 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic light reactions require strict regulation under dynamic environmental conditions. Still, depending on environmental constraints, photoinhibition of Photosystem (PSII) or PSI occurs frequently. Repair of photodamaged PSI, in sharp contrast to that of PSII, is extremely slow and leads to a functional imbalance between the photosystems. Slow PSI recovery prompted us to take advantage of the PSI-specific photoinhibition treatment and investigate whether the imbalance between functional PSII and PSI leads to acclimation of photosynthesis to PSI-limited conditions, either by short-term or long-term acclimation mechanisms as tested immediately after the photoinhibition treatment or after 24 h recovery in growth conditions, respectively. Short-term acclimation mechanisms were induced directly upon inhibition, including thylakoid protein phosphorylation that redirects excitation energy to PSI as well as changes in the feedback regulation of photosynthesis, which relaxed photosynthetic control and excitation energy quenching. Longer-term acclimation comprised reprogramming of the stromal redox system and an increase in ATP synthase and Cytochrome b6 f abundance. Acclimation to PSI-limited conditions restored the CO2 assimilation capacity of plants without major PSI repair. Response to PSI inhibition demonstrates that plants efficiently acclimate to changes occurring in the photosynthetic apparatus, which is likely a crucial component in plant acclimation to adverse environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapio Lempiäinen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Eevi Rintamäki
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Eva‐Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tiwari A, Aro EM. Paradoxes in judging the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transfer chain using P700 oxidation and dark re-reduction analyses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148581. [PMID: 35667392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Tiwari
- Molecular Plant Biology Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Foyer CH, Hanke G. ROS production and signalling in chloroplasts: cornerstones and evolving concepts. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:642-661. [PMID: 35665548 PMCID: PMC9545066 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide (O2●- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) are the markers of living cells. Oxygenic photosynthesis produces ROS in abundance, which act as a readout of a functional electron transport system and metabolism. The concept that photosynthetic ROS production is a major driving force in chloroplast to nucleus retrograde signalling is embedded in the literature, as is the role of chloroplasts as environmental sensors. The different complexes and components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) regulate O2●- production in relation to light energy availability and the redox state of the stromal Cys-based redox systems. All of the ROS generated in chloroplasts have the potential to act as signals and there are many sulphhydryl-containing proteins and peptides in chloroplasts that have the potential to act as H2 O2 sensors and function in signal transduction. While ROS may directly move out of the chloroplasts to other cellular compartments, ROS signalling pathways can only be triggered if appropriate ROS-sensing proteins are present at or near the site of ROS production. Chloroplast antioxidant systems serve either to propagate these signals or to remove excess ROS that cannot effectively be harnessed in signalling. The key challenge is to understand how regulated ROS delivery from the PETC to the Cys-based redox machinery is organised to transmit redox signals from the environment to the nucleus. Redox changes associated with stromal carbohydrate metabolism also play a key role in chloroplast signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonB15 2TTUK
| | - Guy Hanke
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
| |
Collapse
|