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Zheng B, Hu X, Hu Y, Dong S, Xiao X, Qi H, Wang Y, Wang W, Wang Z. Type III adenylyl cyclase is essential for follicular development in female mice and their reproductive lifespan. iScience 2024; 27:110293. [PMID: 39050703 PMCID: PMC11267094 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a complex and heterogeneous disease that causes infertility and subfertility. However, the molecular mechanism of POF has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that the loss of adenylyl cyclase III (Adcy3) in female mice leads to POF and a shortened reproductive lifespan. We found that Adcy3 is abundantly expressed in mouse oocytes. Adcy3 knockout mice exhibited the excessive activation of primordial follicles, progressive follicle loss, follicular atresia, and ultimately POF. Mechanistically, we found that mitochondrial oxidative stress in oocytes significantly increased with age in Adcy3-deficient mice and was accompanied by oocyte apoptosis and defective folliculogenesis. In contrast, compared with wild-type female mice, humanized ADCY3 knock-in female mice exhibited improved fertility with age. Collectively, these results reveal that the previously unrecognized Adcy3 signaling pathway is tightly linked to female ovarian aging, providing potential pharmaceutical targets for preventing and treating POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofang Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Sheng Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Haoming Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yongdi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Weina Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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2
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Beevors LI, Sundar S, Foster PA. Steroid metabolism and hormonal dynamics in normal and malignant ovaries. Essays Biochem 2024:EBC20240028. [PMID: 38994724 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20240028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The ovaries are key steroid hormone production sites in post-pubertal females. However, current research on steroidogenic enzymes, endogenous hormone concentrations and their effects on healthy ovarian function and malignant development is limited. Here, we discuss the importance of steroid enzymes in normal and malignant ovaries, alongside hormone concentrations, receptor expression and action. Key enzymes include STS, 3β-HSD2, HSD17B1, ARK1C3, and aromatase, which influence ovarian steroidal action. Both androgen and oestrogen action, via their facilitating enzyme, drives ovarian follicle activation, development and maturation in healthy ovarian tissue. In ovarian cancer, some data suggest STS and oestrogen receptor α may be linked to aggressive forms, while various oestrogen-responsive factors may be involved in ovarian cancer metastasis. In contrast, androgen receptor expression and action vary across ovarian cancer subtypes. For future studies investigating steroidogenesis and steroidal activity in ovarian cancer, it is necessary to differentiate between disease subtypes for a comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy I Beevors
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Sudha Sundar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Paul A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, U.K
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3
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Lin M, Gong J, Wu L, Lin X, Zhang Y, Lin W, Huang H, Zhu C. ADCY3: the pivotal gene in classical ketogenic diet for the treatment of epilepsy. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1305867. [PMID: 38841200 PMCID: PMC11150708 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1305867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent epilepsy episodes. As a non-pharmacological treatment, the ketogenic diet has been widely applied in treating epilepsy. However, the exact therapeutic mechanism of the ketogenic diet for epilepsy remains unclear. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms of the ketogenic diet in regulating fatty acid metabolism and activating the ADCY3-initiated cAMP signaling pathway to enhance neuronal inhibition and thereby treat epilepsy. Methods and results Meta-analysis reveals that the ketogenic diet is superior to the conventional diet in treating epilepsy. Animal experiments demonstrate that the ketogenic diet is more effective than the conventional diet in treating epilepsy, with the best results achieved using the classic ketogenic diet. Transcriptome sequencing analysis identifies six essential genes, among which ADCY3 shows increased expression in the ketogenic diet. In vivo experiments confirm that the activation of the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway by ADCY3 enhances neuronal inhibition and improves epilepsy control. Conclusion Clinical observations indicate that the ketogenic diet improves patient epilepsy episodes by regulating the ADCY3-initiated cAMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiayin Gong
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Luyan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wanhui Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huapin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Zhang T, Tong Y, Zhu R, Liang Y, Zhang J, Hu C, He M, Hu Z, Shen Z, Niu J, Zhang J, Yu Y, Jin B, Lei S, Zeng Z, Wu Y, Cheng Z, Xiao Z, Guo B, Zhao S, Xu G, Pan W, Chen T. HDAC6-dependent deacetylation of NGF dictates its ubiquitination and maintains primordial follicle dormancy. Theranostics 2024; 14:2345-2366. [PMID: 38646645 PMCID: PMC11024860 DOI: 10.7150/thno.95164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Primordial follicles are limited in number and cannot be regenerated, dormant primordial follicles cannot be reversed once they enter a growth state. Therefore, the length of the female reproductive lifespan depends on the orderly progression and selective activation of primordial follicles, the mechanism of which remains unclear. Methods: We used human ovarian cortical biopsy specimens, granulosa cells from diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) patients, Hdac6-overexpressing transgenic mouse model, and RNA sequencing to analyze the crucial roles of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in fertility preservation and primordial follicle activation. Results: In the present study, we found that HDAC6 was highly expressed in most dormant primordial follicles. The HDAC6 expression was reduced accompanying reproductive senescence in human and mouse ovaries. Overexpression of Hdac6 delayed the rate of primordial follicle activation, thereby prolonging the mouse reproductive lifespan. Short-term inhibition of HDAC6 promoted primordial follicle activation and follicular development in humans and mice. Mechanism studies revealed that HDAC6 directly interacted with NGF, reducing acetylation modification of NGF and thereby accelerating its ubiquitination degradation. Consequently, the reduced NGF protein level maintained the dormancy of primordial follicles. Conclusions: The physiological significance of the high expression of HDAC6 in most primordial follicles is to reduce NGF expression and prevent primordial follicle activation to maintain female fertility. Reduced HDAC6 expression increases NGF expression in primordial follicles, activating their development and contributing to reproduction. Our study provides a clinical reference value for fertility preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Zhang
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center in Guizhou Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
- Guizhou Institute of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Yuntong Tong
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Rengguang Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Yaoyun Liang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Jixian Zhang
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Chujiao Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Meina He
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
- Guizhou Institute of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Zhu Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Zhiyi Shen
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Jin Niu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center in Guizhou Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Bangming Jin
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Shan Lei
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Yingmin Wu
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Zengmei Cheng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Ziwen Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Shuyun Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center in Guizhou Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
| | - Tengxiang Chen
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
- Guizhou Institute of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550009, China
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Yu J, Ma Y, Xu Y, Shi J, Qi Z, Liu X. Identification and analysis of key circRNAs in the mouse embryonic ovary provides insight into primordial follicle development. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:139. [PMID: 38310234 PMCID: PMC10837906 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CircRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs with tissue- and development-specific expression characteristics. In many mammals, primordial follicle development begins in the embryonic stage. However, the study of circRNAs in primordial follicle development in mice has not been reported. RESULTS In this study, ovaries were collected from mouse foetuses at 15.5 days post coitus (dpc) and 17.5 dpc, which are two key stages of primordial follicle development. A total of 4785 circRNAs were obtained by using RNA-seq. Of these, 83 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that these differential circRNAs were mainly involved in the regulation of reproductive development. Through qRT-PCR, back-splice sequence detection and enzyme digestion protection experiments, we found that circ-009346, circ-014674, circ-017054 and circ-008296 were indeed circular. Furthermore, circ-009346, circ-014674 and circ-017054 were identified as three key circRNAs by analysing their expression in the ovaries of mice at different developmental stages. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network was constructed and validated for target miRNA and mRNA using qRT-PCR. The interacting genes circ-009346, circ-014674, and circ-017054 were subjected to KEGG enrichment analysis. We found that circ-014674 may participate in the assembly and reserve of primordial follicles through oestrogen and the Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathway (JAK-SATA). Circ-009346 and circ-017054 may have similar functions and are involved in the activation and growth of primordial follicles through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, three circRNAs associated with primordial follicle development were identified, and their potential mechanisms of regulating primordial follicle development were revealed. These findings will help us better understand the molecular mechanism of circRNAs in primordial follicles and provide important references and targets for the development of primordial follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Jianjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Yabo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Yaxiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Zhipeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.
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6
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Zhang T, Lin H, Ren T, He M, Zheng W, Tong Y, Jin B, Xie K, Deng A, Liu S, Chen Y, Xu G, Chen T, Pan W, Xiao Z. ROCK1 is a multifunctional factor maintaining the primordial follicle reserve and follicular development in mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C27-C39. [PMID: 37661919 PMCID: PMC11192470 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00019.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The follicle is the basic structural and functional unit of the ovary in female mammals. The excessive depletion of follicles will lead to diminished ovarian reserve or even premature ovarian failure, resulting in diminished ovarian oogenesis and endocrine function. Excessive follicular depletion is mainly due to loss of primordial follicles. Our analysis of published human ovarian single-cell sequencing results by others revealed a significant increase in rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) expression during primordial follicle development. However, the role of ROCK1 in primordial follicle development and maintenance is not clear. This study revealed a gradual increase in ROCK1 expression during primordial follicle activation. Inhibition of ROCK1 resulted in reduced primordial follicle activation, decreased follicular reserve, and delayed development of growing follicles. This effect may be achieved through the HIPPO pathway. The present study indicates that ROCK1 is a key molecule for primordial follicular reserve and follicular development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY ROCK1, one of the Rho GTPases, plays an important role in primordial follicle reserve and follicular development. ROCK1 was primarily expressed in the cytoplasm of oocytes and granulosa cell in mice. Inhibition of ROCK1 significantly reduced the primordial follicle reserve and delayed growing follicle development. ROCK1 regulates primordial follicular reserve and follicle development through the HIPPO signaling pathway. These findings shed new lights on the physiology of sustaining female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center in Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Institute of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Lin
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhe Ren
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meina He
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Institute of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenying Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntong Tong
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangming Jin
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center in Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Institute of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyun Xie
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ankang Deng
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengxiang Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center in Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Institute of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Pan
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center in Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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