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Shen XN, Wang XD, Wan FH, Lü ZC, Liu WX. Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Potential Regulatory Factors Response to Temperature Stress in Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051013. [PMID: 37239372 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to extreme temperatures can hinder the development of insects and even reduce their survival rate. However, the invasive species Bemisia tabaci exhibits an impressive response to different temperatures. This study aims to identify important transcriptional changes of B. tabaci occupying different temperature habitats by performing RNA sequencing on populations originating from three regions of China. The results showed that the gene expression of B. tabaci populations inhabiting regions with different temperatures was altered and identified 23 potential candidate genes that respond to temperature stress. Furthermore, three potential regulatory factors' (the glucuronidation pathway, alternative splicing, and changes in the chromatin structure) response to different environmental temperatures were identified. Among these, the glucuronidation pathway is a notable regulatory pathway. A total of 12 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes were found in the transcriptome database of B. tabaci obtained in this study. The results of DEGs analysis suggest that UDP-glucuronosyltransferases with a signal peptide may help B. tabaci resist temperature stress by sensing external signals, such as BtUGT2C1 and BtUGT2B13, which are particularly important in responding to temperature changes. These results will provide a valuable baseline for further research on the thermoregulatory mechanisms of B. tabaci that contributes to its ability to effectively colonize regions with considerable temperature differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Shen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang-Hao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zhi-Chuang Lü
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wan-Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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2
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Machine learning and structure-based modeling for the prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibition. iScience 2022; 25:105290. [PMID: 36304105 PMCID: PMC9593791 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are responsible for 35% of the phase II drug metabolism. In this study, we focused on UGT1A1, which is a key UGT isoform. Strong inhibition of UGT1A1 may trigger adverse drug/herb-drug interactions, or result in disorders of endobiotic metabolism. Most of the current machine learning methods predicting the inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes neglect protein structure and dynamics, both being essential for the recognition of various substrates and inhibitors. We performed molecular dynamics simulations on a homology model of the human UGT1A1 structure containing both the cofactor- (UDP-glucuronic acid) and substrate-binding domains to explore UGT conformational changes. Then, we created models for the prediction of UGT1A1 inhibitors by integrating information on UGT1A1 structure and dynamics, interactions with diverse ligands, and machine learning. These models can be helpful for further prediction of drug-drug interactions of drug candidates and safety treatments. UGTs are responsible for 35% of the phase II drug metabolism reactions We created machine learning models for prediction of UGT1A1 inhibitors Our simulations suggested key residues of UGT1A1 involved in the substrate binding
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3
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Trane I, Sager G, Dietrichs ES, Westrheim Ravna A. Molecular modeling study of the testosterone metabolizing enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 36:116060. [PMID: 33691270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dominant sex hormone testosterone is mainly metabolized by liver enzymes belonging to the uridine-diphospho (UDP) glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family. These enzymes are the main phase II enzymes, and they have an important role in the detoxification of endogenous and exogenous compounds in humans. The aim of the present study was to improve the understanding of the binding properties of UGT2B17. A homology modelling procedure was used to generate models of the UGT2B17 enzyme based on templates with known crystal structures. Molecular docking of inhibitors was performed to gain further insights in the interactions between ligand and binding site, and to determine which of the models had the best accuracy. ROC curves were made to evaluate the ability of the models to differentiate between binders (inhibitors) and non-binders (decoys). When comparing the four models, which were based on four different crystal structures, the model based on the 4AMG crystal structure was the most accurate in distinguishing between true binders and non-binders. Investigating pharmacological UGT2B17 inhibition may provide novel treatment for patients with low testosterone levels. Such treatment may elevate endogenous testosterone levels and provide a more predictable increase in serum concentrations rather than un-physiological elevation of serum levels through direct treatment with testosterone, and this could be favorable both for giving a predictable treatment regime with reduced chances of serious adverse effects. The present study may serve as a tool in the search for novel drugs aiming for increasing testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Trane
- Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø- The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Research Group in Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø- The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Georg Sager
- Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø- The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erik Sveberg Dietrichs
- Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø- The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Division of Diagnostic Services, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Aina Westrheim Ravna
- Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø- The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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4
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Metabolic Profiles of New Unsymmetrical Bisacridine Antitumor Agents in Electrochemical and Enzymatic Noncellular Systems and in Tumor Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040317. [PMID: 33915981 PMCID: PMC8066102 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New unsymmetrical bisacridines (UAs) demonstrated high activity not only against a set of tumor cell lines but also against human tumor xenografts in nude mice. Representative UA compounds, named C-2028, C-2045 and C-2053, were characterized in respect to their physicochemical properties and the following studies aimed to elucidate the role of metabolic transformations in UAs action. We demonstrated with phase I and phase II enzymes in vitro and in tumors cells that: (i) metabolic products generated by cytochrome P450 (P450), flavin monooxygenase (FMO) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoenzymes in noncellular systems retained the compound’s dimeric structures, (ii) the main transformation pathway is the nitro group reduction with P450 isoenzymes and the metabolism to N-oxide derivative with FMO1, (iii), the selected UGT1 isoenzymes participated in the glucuronidation of one compound, C-2045, the hydroxy derivative. Metabolism in tumor cells, HCT-116 and HT-29, of normal and higher UGT1A10 expression, respectively, also resulted in the glucuronidation of only C-2045 and the specific distribution of all compounds between the cell medium and cell extract was demonstrated. Moreover, P4503A4 activity was inhibited by C-2045 and C-2053, whereas C-2028 affected UGT1A and UGT2B action. The above conclusions indicate the optimal strategy for the balance among antitumor therapeutic efficacy and drug resistance in the future antitumor therapy.
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S-glycosyltransferase UGT74B1 can glycosylate both S- and O-acceptors: mechanistic insights through substrate specificity. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Lu D, Dong D, Xie Q, Li Z, Wu B. Disposition of Mianserin and Cyclizine in UGT2B10-Overexpressing Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells: Identification of UGT2B10 as a Novel N-Glucosidation Enzyme and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein as an N-Glucoside Transporter. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:970-979. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.080804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Tripathi SP, Prajapati R, Verma N, Sangamwar AT. Predicting substrate selectivity between UGT1A9 and UGT1A10 using molecular modelling and molecular dynamics approach. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2015.1044451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Beyerle J, Frei E, Stiborova M, Habermann N, Ulrich CM. Biotransformation of xenobiotics in the human colon and rectum and its association with colorectal cancer. Drug Metab Rev 2015; 47:199-221. [PMID: 25686853 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.996649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the liver is generally considered to be the major organ contributing to drug metabolism, but studies during the last years have suggested an important role of the extra-hepatic drug metabolism. The gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract) is the major path of entry for a wide variety of compounds including food, and orally administered drugs, but also compounds - with neither nutrient nor other functional value - such as carcinogens. These compounds are metabolized by a large number of enzymes, including the cytochrome P450 (CYP), the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family, the uridine 5'-diphospho- glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase - UGT) superfamily, alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, sulfotransferases, etc. These enzymes can either inactivate carcinogens or, in some cases, generate reactive species with higher reactivity compared to the original compound. Most data in this field of research originate from animal or in vitro studies, wherein human studies are limited. Here, we review the human studies, in particular the studies on the phenotypic expression of these enzymes in the colon and rectum to get an impression of the actual enzyme levels in this primary organ of exposure. The aim of this review is to give a summary of currently available data on the relation between the CYP, the GST and the UGT biotransformation system and colorectal cancer obtained from clinical and epidemiological studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolantha Beyerle
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) , Heidelberg , Germany
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9
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Ghemtio L, Soikkeli A, Yliperttula M, Hirvonen J, Finel M, Xhaard H. SVM Classification and CoMSIA Modeling of UGT1A6 Interacting Molecules. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:1011-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ci400577a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Ghemtio
- Centre for Drug Research, ‡Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, §Division of Biopharmaceutics
and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Soikkeli
- Centre for Drug Research, ‡Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, §Division of Biopharmaceutics
and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Centre for Drug Research, ‡Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, §Division of Biopharmaceutics
and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Centre for Drug Research, ‡Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, §Division of Biopharmaceutics
and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Moshe Finel
- Centre for Drug Research, ‡Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, §Division of Biopharmaceutics
and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henri Xhaard
- Centre for Drug Research, ‡Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, §Division of Biopharmaceutics
and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Tripathi SP, Bhadauriya A, Patil A, Sangamwar AT. Substrate selectivity of human intestinal UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs): in silico and in vitro insights. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 45:231-52. [PMID: 23461702 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2013.767345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current drug development process aims to produce safe, effective drugs within a reasonable time and at a reasonable cost. Phase II metabolism (glucuronidation) can affect drug action and pharmacokinetics to a considerable extent and so its studies and prediction at initial stages of drug development are very imperative. Extensive glucuronidation is an obstacle to oral bioavailability because the first-pass glucuronidation [or premature clearance by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)] of orally administered agents frequently results in poor oral bioavailability and lack of efficacy. Modeling of new chemical entities/drugs for UGTs and their kinetic data can be useful in understanding the binding patterns to be used in the design of better molecules. This review concentrates on first-pass glucuronidation by intestinal UGTs, including their topology, expression profile, and pharmacogenomics. In addition, recent advances are discussed with respect to substrate selectivity at the binding pocket, structural requirements, and mechanism of enzyme actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Prakash Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab, India
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11
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Korprasertthaworn P, Rowland A, Lewis BC, Mackenzie PI, Yoovathaworn K, Miners JO. Effects of amino acid substitutions at positions 33 and 37 on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) activity and substrate selectivity. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1511-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Wu B, Wang X, Zhang S, Hu M. Accurate prediction of glucuronidation of structurally diverse phenolics by human UGT1A9 using combined experimental and in silico approaches. Pharm Res 2012; 29:1544-61. [PMID: 22302521 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Catalytic selectivity of human UGT1A9, an important membrane-bound enzyme catalyzing glucuronidation of xenobiotics, was determined experimentally using 145 phenolics and analyzed by 3D-QSAR methods. METHODS Catalytic efficiency of UGT1A9 was determined by kinetic profiling. Quantitative structure activity relationships were analyzed using CoMFA and CoMSIA techniques. Molecular alignment of substrate structures was made by superimposing the glucuronidation site and its adjacent aromatic ring to achieve maximal steric overlap. For a substrate with multiple active glucuronidation sites, each site was considered a separate substrate. RESULTS 3D-QSAR analyses produced statistically reliable models with good predictive power (CoMFA: q2 = 0.548, r2 = 0.949, r pred 2 = 0.775; CoMSIA: q2 = 0.579, r2 = 0.876, r pred 2 = 0.700). Contour coefficient maps were applied to elucidate structural features among substrates that are responsible for selectivity differences. Contour coefficient maps were overlaid in the catalytic pocket of a homology model of UGT1A9, enabling identification of the UGT1A9 catalytic pocket with a high degree of confidence. CONCLUSION CoMFA/CoMSIA models can predict substrate selectivity and in vitro clearance of UGT1A9. Our findings also provide a possible molecular basis for understanding UGT1A9 functions and substrate selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Wu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 1441 Moursund St., Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Dong D, Ako R, Hu M, Wu B. Understanding substrate selectivity of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases through QSAR modeling and analysis of homologous enzymes. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:808-20. [PMID: 22385482 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.663515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme catalyzes the glucuronidation reaction which is a major metabolic and detoxification pathway in humans. Understanding the mechanisms for substrate recognition by UGT assumes great importance in an attempt to predict its contribution to xenobiotic/drug disposition in vivo. Spurred on by this interest, 2D/3D-quantitative structure activity relationships and pharmacophore models have been established in the absence of a complete mammalian UGT crystal structure. This review discusses the recent progress in modeling human UGT substrates including those with multiple sites of glucuronidation. A better understanding of UGT active site contributing to substrate selectivity (and regioselectivity) from the homologous enzymes (i.e. plant and bacterial UGTs, all belong to family 1 of glycosyltransferase (GT1)) is also highlighted, as these enzymes share a common catalytic mechanism and/or overlapping substrate selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dong
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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14
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Höglund C, Sneitz N, Radominska-Pandya A, Laakonen L, Finel M. Phenylalanine 93 of the human UGT1A10 plays a major role in the interactions of the enzyme with estrogens. Steroids 2011; 76:1465-73. [PMID: 21846474 PMCID: PMC3188330 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Little is currently known about the substrate binding site of the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and the structural elements that affect their complex substrate selectivity. In order to further understand and extend our earlier findings with phenylalanines 90 and 93 of UGT1A10, we have replaced each of them with Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile or Tyr, and tested the activity of the resulting 12 mutants toward eight different substrates. Apart from scopoletin glucuronidation, the F90 mutants other than F90L were nearly inactive, while the F93 mutants' activity was strongly substrate dependent. Hence, F93L displayed high entacapone and 1-naphthol glucuronidation rates, whereas F93G, which was nearly inactive in entacapone glucuronidation, was highly active toward estradiol, estriol and even ethinylestradiol, a synthetic estrogen that is a poor substrate for the wild-type UGT1A10. Kinetic analyses of 4-nitrophenol, estradiol and ethinylestradiol glucuronidation by the mutants that catalyzed the respective reactions at considerable rates, revealed increased K(m) values for 4-nitrophenol and estradiol in all the mutants, whilst the K(m) values of F93G and F93A for ethinylestradiol were lower than in control UGT1A10. Based on the activity results and a new molecular model of UGT1A10, it is suggested that both F90 and F93 are located in a surface helix at the far end of the substrate binding site. Nevertheless, only F93 directly affects the selectivity of UGT1A10 toward large and rigid estrogens, particularly those with substitutions at the D ring. The effects of F93 mutations on the glucuronidation of smaller or less rigid substrates are indirect, however.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Höglund
- Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sneitz
- Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Radominska-Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA (A.R.-P.)
| | - Liisa Laakonen
- Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Moshe Finel
- Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Pretheeban M, Hammond G, Bandiera S, Riggs W, Rurak D. Ontogenesis of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in sheep. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 159:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Wu B, Kulkarni K, Basu S, Zhang S, Hu M. First-pass metabolism via UDP-glucuronosyltransferase: a barrier to oral bioavailability of phenolics. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:3655-81. [PMID: 21484808 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronidation mediated by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) is a significant metabolic pathway that facilitates efficient elimination of numerous endobiotics and xenobiotics, including phenolics. UGT genetic deficiency and polymorphisms or inhibition of glucuronidation by concomitant use of drugs are associated with inherited physiological disorders or drug-induced toxicities. Moreover, extensive glucuronidation can be a barrier to oral bioavailability as the first-pass glucuronidation (or premature clearance by UGTs) of orally administered agents usually results in the poor oral bioavailability and lack of efficacies. This review focused on the first-pass glucuronidation of phenolics including natural polyphenols and pharmaceuticals. The complexity of UGT-mediated metabolism of phenolics is highlighted with species-, gender-, organ- and isoform-dependent specificity, as well as functional compensation between UGT1A and 2B subfamily. In addition, recent advances are discussed with respect to the mechanisms of enzymatic actions, including the important properties such as binding pocket size and phosphorylation requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Wu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Wu B, Morrow JK, Singh R, Zhang S, Hu M. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship studies on UGT1A9-mediated 3-O-glucuronidation of natural flavonols using a pharmacophore-based comparative molecular field analysis model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:403-13. [PMID: 21068207 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.175356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucuronidation is often recognized as one of the rate-determining factors that limit the bioavailability of flavonols. Hence, design and synthesis of more bioavailable flavonols would benefit from the establishment of predictive models of glucuronidation using kinetic parameters [e.g., K(m), V(max), intrinsic clearance (CL(int)) = V(max)/K(m)] derived for flavonols. This article aims to construct position (3-OH)-specific comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) models to describe UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A9-mediated glucuronidation of flavonols, which can be used to design poor UGT1A9 substrates. The kinetics of recombinant UGT1A9-mediated 3-O-glucuronidation of 30 flavonols was characterized, and kinetic parameters (K(m), V(max), CL(int)) were obtained. The observed K(m), V(max), and CL(int) values of 3-O-glucuronidation ranged from 0.04 to 0.68 μM, 0.04 to 12.95 nmol/mg/min, and 0.06 to 109.60 ml/mg/min, respectively. To model UGT1A9-mediated glucuronidation, 30 flavonols were split into the training (23 compounds) and test (7 compounds) sets. These flavonols were then aligned by mapping the flavonols to specific common feature pharmacophores, which were used to construct CoMFA models of V(max) and CL(int), respectively. The derived CoMFA models possessed good internal and external consistency and showed statistical significance and substantive predictive abilities (V(max) model: q(2) = 0.738, r(2) = 0.976, r(pred)(2) = 0.735; CL(int) model: q(2) = 0.561, r(2) = 0.938, r(pred)(2) = 0.630). The contour maps derived from CoMFA modeling clearly indicate structural characteristics associated with rapid or slow 3-O-glucuronidation. In conclusion, the approach of coupling CoMFA analysis with a pharmacophore-based structural alignment is viable for constructing a predictive model for regiospecific glucuronidation rates of flavonols by UGT1A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Wu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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18
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Laakkonen L, Finel M. A molecular model of the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1, its membrane orientation, and the interactions between different parts of the enzyme. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 77:931-9. [PMID: 20215562 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.063289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are membrane-bound enzymes of the endoplasmic reticulum that process both endogenous and exogenous substrates. The human UGTs are well known biologically, but biophysical understanding is scarce, largely because of problems in purification. The one resolved crystal structure covers the C-terminal domain of the human UGT2B7. Here, we present a homology model of the complete monomeric human UGT1A1, the enzyme that catalyzes bilirubin glucuronidation. The enzyme can be seen as composed of four different domains: two large ones, the N- and C-terminal domains, and two small ones, the "envelope" helices and the transmembrane segment that includes the cytoplasmic tail. The hydrophobic core of the N-terminal domain and the two envelope helices that connect the large domains are shown to be structurally well conserved even among distant homologs and can thus be modeled with good certainty according to plant and bacterial structures. We consider alternative solutions for the highly variable N-terminal regions that probably contribute to substrate binding. The bilirubin binding site, known pathological mutations in UGT1A1, and other specific residues have been examined in the context of the model with regard to available experimental data. A putative orientation of the protein relative to the membrane has been derived from the location of predicted N-glycosylation sites. The model presents extensive interactions between the N- and C-terminal domains, the two envelope helices, and the membrane. Together, these interactions could allow for a concerted large-scale conformational change during catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Laakkonen
- Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Itäaho K, Laakkonen L, Finel M. How many and which amino acids are responsible for the large activity differences between the highly homologous UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) 1A9 and UGT1A10? Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:687-96. [PMID: 20089735 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.031229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The amino acid sequences of the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) 1A9 and 1A10 are 93% identical, yet there are large differences in their activity and substrate selectivity. For example, the regioselectivity in propranolol glucuronidation, the regioselectivity in dobutamine glucuronidation, and the glucuronidation rate of alpha- and beta-estradiol differ greatly between UGT1A9 and UGT1A10. To identify the residue responsible for the activity differences, we divided the N-terminal half of the two UGTs into five comparable segments by inserting four unique restriction sites at identical positions in both genes and constructing chimeras in which segments of UGT1A9 were individually replaced by the corresponding segments from UGT1A10. Activity analyses of the resulting mutants, 910A [1A10((1-83))/1A9((84-285))], 910B [1A9((1-83))/1A10((84-147))/1A9((148-285))], 910C [1A9((1-147))/1A10((148-181))/1A9((182-285))], 910D [1A9((1-181))/1A10((182-235))/1A9((236-285))], and 910E [1A9((1-235))/1A10((236-285))] indicated that more than one residue is responsible for the differences between UGT1A9 and UGT1A10. We next prepared four double chimeras, in which two of the above UGT1A9 segments were replaced simultaneously by the corresponding UGT1A10 segments. However, none of the double chimeras glucuronidated either estradiol, propranolol, or dobutamine at rates that resembled those of UGT1A10. On the other hand, studying the kinetics of 1-naphthol glucuronidation yielded more focused results, indicating that residues within segment B (84-147) contribute directly to the K(m) value for this substrate. Further mutagenesis and activity assays suggested that Phe117 of UGT1A9 participates in 1-naphthol binding. In addition, it appears that residues within segment C of the N-terminal domain, mainly at positions 152 and 169, contribute to the higher glucuronidation rates of UGT1A10.
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Kerdpin O, Mackenzie PI, Bowalgaha K, Finel M, Miners JO. Influence of N-terminal domain histidine and proline residues on the substrate selectivities of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1, 1A6, 1A9, 2B7, and 2B10. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 37:1948-55. [PMID: 19487247 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.028225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An N-terminal domain histidine [corresponding to position 39 of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1] is conserved in all UGT1A and UGT2B subfamily proteins except UGT1A4 (Pro-40) and UGT2B10 (Leu-34). Unlike most UGT1A and UGT2B xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, UGT1A4 and UGT2B10 lack the ability to glucuronidate 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) and 1-naphthol (1NP), both planar phenols, and naproxen (a carboxylic acid). However, only UGT1A4 glucuronidates the tertiary amines lamotrigine (LTG) and trifluoperazine (TFP). In this study, we sought to elucidate the influence of specific N-terminal histidine and proline residues on UGT enzyme substrate selectivity. The conserved N-terminal domain histidine of UGT1A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7 was mutated to proline and leucine 34 of UGT2B10 was substituted with histidine, and the capacity of the wild-type and mutant proteins to glucuronidate 4MU, 1NP, LTG, TFP, and naproxen was characterized. Whereas UGT1A1(H39P), UGT1A6(H38P), and UGT1A9(H37P) lacked the ability to metabolize 4MU, 1NP, and naproxen, all glucuronidated LTG. K(m) values for UGT1A1(H39P) and UGT1A9(H37P) were 774 and 3812 microM, respectively, compared with 1579 microM for UGT1A4. UGT1A1(H39P) also glucuronidated TFP with a V(max)/K(m) value comparable to that of UGT1A4. In contrast to the wild-type enzyme, UGT2B10(L34H) glucuronidated 4MU and 1NP with respective K(m) values of 260 and 118 microM. UGT2B7(H35P) lacked activity toward all substrates. The data confirm a pivotal role for an N-terminal domain proline in the glucuronidation of the tertiary amines LTG and TFP by UGT1A subfamily proteins, whereas glucuronidation reactions involving proton abstraction generally, although not invariably, require a histidine at the equivalent position in both UGT1A and UGT2B enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oranun Kerdpin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University School of Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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Gantt RW, Goff RD, Williams GJ, Thorson JS. Probing the aglycon promiscuity of an engineered glycosyltransferase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8889-92. [PMID: 18924204 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Gantt
- UW National Cooperative Drug Discovery Group, Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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