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Lin H, Jiao H, Buyse J, Decuypere E. Strategies for preventing heat stress in poultry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps200585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - H.C. Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - J. Buyse
- Lab of Animal Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animal, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Katholic University Leuven, Belgium
| | - E. Decuypere
- Lab of Animal Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animal, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Katholic University Leuven, Belgium
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Catanese F, Rodriguez Ganduglia H, Villalba JJ, Distel RA. Free availability of high-energy foods led to energy over-ingestion and protein under-ingestion in choice-fed broilers. Anim Sci J 2015; 86:1000-9. [PMID: 25997463 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare energy and protein content of the diet selected by choice-fed broilers with that of broilers fed a balanced diet. One hundred and eighty 1-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned in groups of 10 to one of three experimental treatments (n = 6). Control broilers were fed a standard balanced diet, whereas choice-fed broilers were fed three foods which were more concentrated (Choice C+ treatment) or less concentrated (Choice C- treatment) in protein, carbohydrate or fat. We evaluated food intake behavior, nutrient intake, and performance parameters of broilers from 2 to 7 weeks of age. Choice C+ broilers showed enhanced preference for the high-fat food, which led to higher energy intake and lower protein intake than those of control broilers at 2 to 4 weeks of age. Body weight, weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were negatively affected by diet selection of Choice C+ broilers. Choice C- broilers selected a balanced diet, and showed performance parameters similar to those of control broilers. Our results supported the hypothesis that free availability of high-energy foods bias ingestive behavior of choice-fed broilers toward selecting a diet with higher energy and lower protein than needed for normal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Catanese
- Department of Agronomy, South National University, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Center of Natural Renewable Resources of the Semiarid Zone (CERZOS), National Scientific and Technological Research Council of Argentina, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | | | - Juan J Villalba
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Roberto A Distel
- Department of Agronomy, South National University, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Center of Natural Renewable Resources of the Semiarid Zone (CERZOS), National Scientific and Technological Research Council of Argentina, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Nutritive value of vegetable protein diets for broiler chickens and selection of diets containing different vegetable or animal proteins. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933915000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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CARDINAL K, VALE M, ALONÇO A, BORILLE R, KLEIN D, NAAS I. FEED RATION HOMOGENEITY DURING DISTRIBUTION OF BROILERS’ AUTOMATIC FEEDERS. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ENGENHARIA DE BIOSSISTEMAS 2014. [DOI: 10.18011/bioeng2014v8n4p280-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to verify the efficiency of two equipment distributors of feed for broilers. Feed samples were collected from two broiler automatic feeder dish, with similar characteristics but different manufacturers. The samples were collected from five points of distribution, namely: storage silo, hopper, the first dish, the middle and the last dish. The samples were subjected to quantitative analysis of ashes and particle size analysis. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), means separated by Tukey test with p <0.01, and analysis of linear regression. The results of statistical ashes analyze show that there is a significant difference in granule size and the amount of ashes. Can be concluded that are segregation of the feed during distribution along the route, being that there is the accumulation of ashes in the first dishes and content decreases as the distribution. The particle size showed the opposite result of ashes, with larger granules in the last dish and smaller granule size at the first dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.M. CARDINAL
- UFRGS – Univ Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - M.M. VALE
- UFSM – Univ Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A.S. ALONÇO
- UFSM – Univ Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - R. BORILLE
- UFRGS – Univ Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - D.R. KLEIN
- UFSM – Univ Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - I.A. NAAS
- UNICAMP – Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Hossain MA, Islam AF, Iji PA. Effect of production phase on growth, enzyme activities and feed selection of broilers raised on vegetable protein diet. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:1593-9. [PMID: 25358319 PMCID: PMC4213704 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study consisted of two experiments, conducted to assess the impact of phase at which vegetable protein (VP) diets are introduced to broiler chicks, and preference of birds for diets based on soybean or canola meal (CM). Two hundred and ten day-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly distributed into five dietary groups in the main experiment. One group was fed on animal protein (AP) diet all through to 21 days of age; two other groups were started on AP diet for 7 days and then switched to diets containing soybean meal (AP-SBM) or AP-CM, while two other diets (SBM-AP and CM-AP) were started on one of the VP diets for 7 days and then switched to AP diet. A sub-experiment on thirty birds raised on a commercial diet to 7 days was used in a feed selection test to quantify the preference of birds for the diets containing mainly CM or SBM. Chicks were reared under similar care and management conditions and the diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous. Results of the main experiment showed that chicks on CM-AP diet ate more (p<0.05) than those on the other diets up to day 7. Body weight gain was highest (p<0.001) on the AP-SBM diet while birds on the CM-AP diet weighed the least at 7 d. Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality, bone growth, visceral organ development, and activities of digestive enzymes were similar between the groups from hatch to 21 days of age. Results of the second sub-experiment showed that chicks preferred the CM-based diets to the SBM-based diets at 8 to 14 d (p<0.001) and 15 to 21 d (p<0.01) when given a choice. Overall, the birds were not affected by the nature of the starter diet although they tended to prefer the canola to soybean diets.
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Aigueperse N, Calandreau L, Bertin A. Maternal diet influences offspring feeding behavior and fearfulness in the precocial chicken. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77583. [PMID: 24204881 PMCID: PMC3812276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In chicken, oils in the maternal diet confer a specific scent to the yolk. Embryos are known to perceive and memorize chemosensory signals of the surrounding environment; however, the potential impact of the maternal diet has not previously been investigated. In the present study, we hypothesized that chicken embryos memorize the chemical signals of the maternal diet and that this perceptual learning may orient subsequent feeding behavior of the hatchlings. Methodology/Principal Findings Laying hens were fed standard food enriched with 2% menhaden oil (MH group) or 2% soybean oil (controls). The scent of menhaden was significantly more detected in MH egg yolks than in control yolks by a human panel. We analyzed the development and behavior of offspring towards different types of food, bearing or not bearing the menhaden scent. When chicks were exposed to a 3-min choice test between the familiar food bearing the menhaden scent and the familiar food without menhaden, no effect of treatment was observed. In a 3-min choice test with unfamiliar food (mashed cereals) MH chicks showed a clear positive orientation toward the unfamiliar food bearing the menhaden scent. By contrast, control chicks showed a preference for the non-odorized unfamiliar food. MH chicks expressed higher emotional reactivity level than control chicks as expressed by food neophobia and longer immobility in a restraint test. Conclusion/Significance Chicks exposed in ovo to menhaden oil via the maternal diet preferentially oriented their feeding behavior towards food containing menhaden oil, but only when the food was unfamiliar. We propose that oil in the maternal diet engenders maternal effects and contributes to the development of behavioral phenotype in the offspring. In ovo chemosensory learning may have evolved to prepare precocial offspring for their environment. This suggests a common principle of embryonic chemosensory learning across vertebrate taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Aigueperse
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ludovic Calandreau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Nouzilly, France
| | - Aline Bertin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Nouzilly, France
- * E-mail:
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Arroyo J, Auvergne A, Dubois J, Lavigne F, Bijja M, Bannelier C, Fortun-Lamothe L. The influence of loose-mix feeding on behavior, feed intake, and body weight of growing geese. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1454-60. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Influence of feeding sorghum on the growth, gizzard development and carcass traits of growing geese. Animal 2013; 6:1583-9. [PMID: 23031557 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731112000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this trial was to study the influence of feed form on the performance, gizzard development and carcass traits of growing geese. Between 42 and 98 days of age, 360 geese (type Maxipalm(®)) were fed a diet containing 500 g sorghum/kg (nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy 12.6 MJ/kg, 15.1 g/kg CP). Birds were divided into three groups differing in feed form: complete pellets (Control group, n = 120); a coarse-ground meal (CG group, n = 120); or a mixture containing protein-rich pellets and sorghum whole grains (M group, n = 120). Feed intake per pen (40 birds/pen) was measured weekly between 42 and 98 days of age, and individual live weight (LW) was measured every 2 weeks. At 84 and 98 days of age, 12 birds were slaughtered in each group to measure the gizzard development and body traits. Irrespective of the goose sex, LW at 98 days was lower for the CG group than for the Control group (5555 v. 5888 g, P < 0.05 for males and 5039 v. 5215 g, P < 0.05 for females). The feed intake over the entire period was 5.5% higher in the M group (P < 0.05) than in the Control and CG groups but the feed conversion ratio (6.91, P > 0.05) was similar in the three groups. The gizzard development (as % of LW) was higher in birds of the CG group than those of the Control and M groups at 84 days of age (+13.98% and +13.51%, respectively; P < 0.05) but was similar in all three groups at 98 days of age (4.01%, P > 0.05). The relative liver development was lower in the birds of the CG group than those of the other two groups at 84 and 98 days of age (-20%, P < 0.001 and -10%, P < 0.05, respectively). The other body traits were similar in the three groups at both 84 and 98 days of age. The present results suggest that a simplified diet presented in the form of a mixture of sorghum whole grains and protein-rich pellets did not reduce the performance of growing geese.
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Vizcarra J, Wright H, Vizcarra A. The effect of passive immunization against ghrelin on feed and water intake in turkeys. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2305-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Arroyo J, Auvergne A, Dubois J, Lavigne F, Bijja M, Bannelier C, Fortun-Lamothe L. Effects of presentation and type of cereals (corn or sorghum) on performance of geese. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2063-71. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lecuelle S, Bouvarel I, Chagneau A, Laviron F, Lescoat P, Leterrier C. Early visual experience of food does not appear to reduce subsequent feed neophobia in turkeys. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Delezie E, Maertens L, Huyghebaert G, Lippens M. Can choice feeding improve performances and N-retention of broilers compared to a standard three-phase feeding schedule? Br Poult Sci 2009; 50:573-82. [DOI: 10.1080/00071660903140981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kim LC, Garner JP, Millam JR. Preferences of Orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica) for cage enrichment devices. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Houndonougbo FM, Chwalibog A, Chrysostome CAAM. Effect of commercial diets quality on bio-economic performances of broilers in Benin. Trop Anim Health Prod 2008; 41:693-703. [PMID: 18972220 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-008-9243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the quality of commercial poultry feeds in Benin. The performances of 396 unsexed broilers chickens Ross 308 fed with a control diet (R1) and five commercial diets (R2 to R6) were evaluated. Broilers fed commercial diets showed significantly low (P < 0.001) body weight gain (BWG) and economic feed efficiency (EFE) and significantly high (P < 0.001) mortality rate, feed conversion ratio and feed cost (FC). At 42 days of age, the body weight of broilers fed control diet was 1662 g versus 838 to 1041 g for broilers fed commercial diets. In R1 diet, overall FC was 388 Fcfa/kg BWG, and EFE was 2.7 Fcfa BWG/Fcfa feed. These values represented respectively 50 to 64% and 1.6 to 2.0 times the FC and the EFE recorded in commercial diets. A deficiency in crude protein and metabolisable energy, combined with high contents of crude fibre and total ash was found in some commercial diets. These results suggest the necessity to organize the market of poultry feed in Benin in the perspective to reduce the production cost by using more efficient and cheap commercial diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Houndonougbo
- Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Chagneau AM, Bessonneau D, Bouchot C, Lescoat P, Picard M, Lessire M. Broiler Short-Term Feed Preferences Measured with SRAbox, a New Feed Choice Procedure. Poult Sci 2006; 85:808-15. [PMID: 16615367 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.4.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dietary compositions and 3 methods of pellet preparation were used in different choice situations to improve our understanding of the factors perceived by broiler chickens in the physical structure of their diet. Within the same visual field, broiler chickens were offered 8 microfeeders containing different pelleted feeds that could be reached from the same position of the bird. Chickens were daily tested during 5-min tests following a 45-min period of feed withdrawal, after adaptation to individual cages and experimental feeders. Two feeds (4 microfeeders/feed in alternate positions) were weighed prior to and after the test. Behavior of the chickens was videotaped during the test to count the number of pecks given to each microfeeder. In a first experiment, 2 feeds of distinct composition were either steam or cold-pelleted. The tests of choice were repeated daily from 22 to 25 and from 35 to 38 d of age on 96 male broiler chickens. Significant preferences were measured from the first test. Similar preferences were measured when chickens received the same choice or alternating choices from one test to another. Differences of feed intake between 2 feeds during 5 min were significantly correlated to differences of number of pecks (R2 = 0.85). In most cases, preferences were established within the first minute of pecking. Steam pellets were significantly preferred to cold pellets for one feed composition but not for the other. Preferences for compositions were consistent whatever the pellet preparation and probably associated with the color of the feeds. A second experiment confirmed that 38-d-old broiler chickens seemed to prefer light colors. Short-term preferences of a chicken for a feed were rather influenced by physical characteristics of feed particles (size, color, hardness) than by the origin of raw materials. Feed pecking may change because of feed composition itself, because of its consequences on color or texture cues, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Chagneau
- INRA Station de Recherches Avicoles, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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Lozano C, De Basilio V, Oliveros I, Alvarez R, Colina I, Bastianelli D, Yahav S, Picard M. Is sequential feeding a suitable technique to compensate for the negative effects of a tropical climate in finishing broilers? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1051/animres:2005047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pousga S, Boly H, Lindberg JE, Ogle B. Scavenging Pullets in Burkina Faso: Effect of Season, Location and Breed on Feed and Nutrient Intake. Trop Anim Health Prod 2005; 37:623-34. [PMID: 16619879 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-005-4304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A study on scavenging local (n = 64) and crossbred (n = 64) pullets was undertaken in the dry and rainy seasons in two villages in Burkina Faso: Korea in the arid northern Sahelian region and Bounouna in the sub-humid south. After 4 weeks of scavenging, the birds were killed and the crop contents were subjected to physical and chemical analysis. Cereal grains, brans, green and dry forages, insects/worms and household leftovers were the main physical components. The proportion of cereal grains was higher in the rainy season, whereas the proportion of bran, peanut and sand/grit was higher in the dry season (p < 0.05). The proportion of kitchen waste and millet/milo grains was higher in local than in crossbred birds, whereas the opposite was the case for millet/milo bran (p < 0.05). Rice and local beer residues were not found in the crops of birds from Korea. Dry matter, ash, crude fibre and potassium contents were higher in the dry season (p < 0.05), while calculated metabolizable energy content was higher in the rainy season (p < 0.05). There were no location or breed effects on chemical composition parameters (p > 0.05), except that potassium content was higher in Korea. Mean live weight at slaughter was 806 +/- 22.0 g (local breed) and 881 +/- 22.0 g (crossbreds) (p < 0.05). Digestive organ weights, including contents, were higher for crossbred birds (p < 0.05). Gastrointestinal tract percentage was higher in the rainy season and in Bounouna (p < 0.05). The nutrient composition of the crop contents indicates the need for supplementation, particularly of protein, for higher levels of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pousga
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Cruz VC, Pezzato AC, Pinheiro DF, Gonçalves JC, Sartori JR. Effect of free-choice feeding on the performance and ileal digestibility of nutrients in broilers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2005000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- VC Cruz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil
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Dana N, Ogle B. Effects of scavenging on diet selection and performance of Rhode Island red and Fayoumi breeds of chicken offered a choice of energy and protein feeds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2002; 34:417-29. [PMID: 12379060 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020052428067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of scavenging on diet selection and the comparative performance of Rhode Island Red and Fayoumi breeds of chicken. The breeds were compared under three feeding/management regimes: (1) a choice of ground noug cake and cracked maize, with confinement; (2) a choice of ground noug cake and cracked maize, but being allowed to scavenge for about 6 h; and (3) a commercial layer mash, with confinement. Scavenging did not change the pattern of diet selection. About 90% of the daily intake of both the confined and scavenging birds under choice feeding comprised maize. The efficiency of feed utilization and nutrient intake were also similar in these groups. The Fayoumi were more efficient in terms of feed conversion, although the egg production performance of the two breeds did not vary significantly. Scavenging hens had a significantly lower egg production than the birds under confinement offered a choice of feeds. Scavenging significantly increased the mortality in both breeds. In conclusion, scavenging affected the performance adversely and, despite the provision of a choice of feed providing a source of energy and protein, both the scavenging and confined birds on choice feeding failed to eat sufficient to meet their protein requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dana
- Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
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Hetland H, Svihus B, Olaisen V. Effect of feeding whole cereals on performance, starch digestibility and duodenal particle size distribution in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2002; 43:416-23. [PMID: 12195801 DOI: 10.1080/00071660120103693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of whole wheat, oats and barley at different inclusion levels on performance, starch digestibility, duodenal particle size distribution, gizzard weight and pH of gizzard contents for broiler chickens. 2. Feed consumption and weight gain were significantly reduced when ground cereals were replaced by whole cereals (P < 0.05). However, feed conversion efficiency was not affected by inclusion of up to 440 g/kg of whole wheat, and up to 300 g/kg of whole oats and barley. 3. Duodenal particle size was measured by laser diffraction to below 1 micron in size. A remarkably large proportion of particles were below 100 microns, with as much as 50% of the particles in the duodenum being below 40 microns in size. Inclusion of moderate amounts of whole cereals reduced the duodenal mean particle size. Large inclusions of whole cereals decreased (P < 0.05) the proportion of particles up to 40 microns in size, and increased (P < 0.05) the proportion with size between 100 and 300 microns. 4. Starch digestibility was improved (P < 0.05) by replacing ground wheat or barley with whole wheat or barley. 5. There was no consistent effect of cereal species or feed form on the pH value of the gizzard contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hetland
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Norway, P.O. Box 5025, N-1432 As, Norway.
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Ali KO, Brenøe UT. Comparing Genotypes of Different Body Sizes for Growth-related Traits in Chickens. II. Feed Consumption Performance under Choice Feeding Using Commercial Starter Ration and Whole-grain Wheat. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/09064700152717227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Martaresche M, Le Fur C, Magnusson M, Faure JM, Picard M. Time structure of behavioral patterns related to feed pecking in chicks. Physiol Behav 2000; 70:443-51. [PMID: 11110997 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonrandom time patterns of pecking acts by 16 chicks were detected using the software Theme during three videotaped pecking sessions (M, C, and A). At 15 days of age pecking session, M (mash) was recorded when chicks ate a mash diet. Pecking session C (change) at 16 or 17 days of age was recorded immediately after the change of the diet to pellets presented either as regular cylinders (P) to eight chicks, or as semiovoid (Po) to eight other chicks. Pecking session A (adapted) was recorded 5 or 6 days after adaptation to P and Po. Successful (consumatory) pecks were 72%, 52%, and 61% of all pecks for sessions M, C, and A, respectively. The head of the chicks remained in a steady position between two consecutive pecks for a longer period during C (65% of the time) than M and A (54%). During C, the pecking rate was less for P (0.54 pecks/s) than for Po (0.79 pecks/s). Two consistent time patterns involving four acts frequently observed were: head rotation (or exploratory peck)-->head in steady position-->consumatory peck-->head in steady position with jaw movements. Time intervals within a pattern were stable throughout sessions. However, the proportion of synchronized (included in a pattern) vs. nonsynchronized (not included in a pattern) acts decreased immediately after the change of feed form (session C). These results suggest that pecking at feed is composed of two distinct sets of acts: consistently organized patterns little affected by the form of the pecked particles and nonsynchronized acts that may be involved in sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martaresche
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches Avicoles, Nouzilly 37380, France
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Yo T, Siegel PB, Faure JM, Picard M. Self-selection of dietary protein and energy by broilers grown under a tropical climate: adaptation when exposed to choice feeding at different ages. Poult Sci 1998; 77:502-8. [PMID: 9565230 DOI: 10.1093/ps/77.4.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three hundred broiler chicks (Hubbard) of both sexes were assigned to five feeding treatments: T0 received a complete diet (control), T1 was a choice feeding system with simultaneous access to an energy-rich feed (ground corn) and a protein concentrate (43.7% CP), and T2, T3, and T4 were introduced to choice feeding after 1, 3, and 5 wk, respectively, of consuming the complete diet. At 1-d-old, T1 chicks showed a marked preference for corn, with only 21.4% of their intake being the protein concentrate diet. Intake of the concentrate progressively increased to 40 to 45% after 3 d of adaptation, resulting in diets with 22.5 to 24.3% CP. When broilers fed the complete diet for 1 to 5 wk (T2, T3, T4) were changed to choice feeding, on the 1st d, their feed choice intake was similar to that of T1 chicks at the same age. Visual observation and tactile assessment of the feed particles during the initial period allowed the chicks to quickly evaluate the new feeds and to adapt their feeding behavior. Although total feed intake to 6 wk of age was not significantly affected by the feeding treatments, broilers on choice feeding selected diets with a lower percentage of CP and had lower live body weights at 6 wk than those fed the complete diet (T0).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yo
- I.DES.SA., Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
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