1
|
Pena-Leon V, Folgueira C, Barja-Fernández S, Pérez-Lois R, Da Silva Lima N, Martin M, Heras V, Martinez-Martinez S, Valero P, Iglesias C, Duquenne M, Al-Massadi O, Beiroa D, Souto Y, Fidalgo M, Sowmyalakshmi R, Guallar D, Cunarro J, Castelao C, Senra A, González-Saenz P, Vázquez-Cobela R, Leis R, Sabio G, Mueller-Fielitz H, Schwaninger M, López M, Tovar S, Casanueva FF, Valjent E, Diéguez C, Prevot V, Nogueiras R, Seoane LM. Prolonged breastfeeding protects from obesity by hypothalamic action of hepatic FGF21. Nat Metab 2022; 4:901-917. [PMID: 35879461 PMCID: PMC9314260 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Early-life determinants are thought to be a major factor in the rapid increase of obesity. However, while maternal nutrition has been extensively studied, the effects of breastfeeding by the infant on the reprogramming of energy balance in childhood and throughout adulthood remain largely unknown. Here we show that delayed weaning in rat pups protects them against diet-induced obesity in adulthood, through enhanced brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and energy expenditure. In-depth metabolic phenotyping in this rat model as well as in transgenic mice reveals that the effects of prolonged suckling are mediated by increased hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) production and tanycyte-controlled access to the hypothalamus in adulthood. Specifically, FGF21 activates GABA-containing neurons expressing dopamine receptor 2 in the lateral hypothalamic area and zona incerta. Prolonged breastfeeding thus constitutes a protective mechanism against obesity by affecting long-lasting physiological changes in liver-to-hypothalamus communication and hypothalamic metabolic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Pena-Leon
- Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cintia Folgueira
- Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, ISCIII, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Barja-Fernández
- Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Lois
- Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Natália Da Silva Lima
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marion Martin
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Inserm, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Violeta Heras
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara Martinez-Martinez
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paola Valero
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Iglesias
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mannon Duquenne
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Inserm, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Omar Al-Massadi
- Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, ISCIII, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yara Souto
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rasika Sowmyalakshmi
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Inserm, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Diana Guallar
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Cunarro
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cecilia Castelao
- Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, ISCIII, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Senra
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia González-Saenz
- Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rocío Vázquez-Cobela
- Pediatrics Department, GI Pediatric Nutrition, Galicia Research Unit for Development, Growth and Human Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosaura Leis
- Pediatrics Department, GI Pediatric Nutrition, Galicia Research Unit for Development, Growth and Human Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Helge Mueller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Miguel López
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, ISCIII, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sulay Tovar
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, ISCIII, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, ISCIII, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Valjent
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, ISCIII, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Inserm, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, ISCIII, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Luisa M Seoane
- Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, ISCIII, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wen LM, Xu H, Taki S, Buchanan L, Rissel C, Phongsavan P, Hayes AJ, Bedford K, Moreton R, Baur LA. Effects of telephone support or short message service on body mass index, eating and screen time behaviours of children age 2 years: A 3-arm randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12875. [PMID: 34821063 PMCID: PMC9285384 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few randomized controlled trial (RCT) interventions targeted children's early risk behaviours using telephone or short message service (SMS) support. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of telephone or SMS early intervention focusing on mothers' behaviours starting from late pregnancy to improve BMI, and eating and screen time behaviours of children aged 2 years in comparison with the control group. METHODS A 3-arm RCT was conducted in Australia, 2017-2019. Two arms involved the interventions using nurse-led telephone or SMS support, delivered in nine stages from late pregnancy to age 2 years. The third arm was control. The primary outcome was children's objectively measured BMI and BMI z-score at 2 years. Secondary outcomes included child eating and screen time behaviours as reported by parents at 2 years. RESULTS At 2 years, 797 mother-child dyads (69%) completed the telephone survey with 666 (58%) completing weight and height measurements. The study found no statistically significant difference in BMI between the groups. The mean BMI for telephone support was 16.93 (95% CI: 16.73 to 17.13), for SMS 16.92 (95% CI: 16.73 to 17.11) or for control 16.95 (95% CI: 16.73 to 17.16) with a difference of -0.02 (95% CI: -0.31 to 0.27, p = 0.907) in telephone versus control, and a difference of -0.03 (95% CI: -0.30 to 0.24, p = 0.816) in SMS versus control. Telephone support was associated with higher odds of no bottle at bedtime (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.99; 95% CI: 2.01 to 4.47), family meals (AOR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.26 to 3.33), drinking from a cup (AOR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.88), less screen time (<1 h/day) (AOR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.23) and not eating dinner in front of the TV (AOR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.06). SMS support was also associated with higher odds of no bottle at bedtime (AOR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.58 to 3.33) than the control. CONCLUSION The telephone or SMS support intervention had no significant effects on BMI, but was effective in increasing no bottle use at bedtime. Telephone support showed more effects than SMS on reducing screen time and eating behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming Wen
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation HubSydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia,Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH)SydneyAustralia,Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Huilan Xu
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation HubSydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia
| | - Sarah Taki
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation HubSydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia,Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH)SydneyAustralia
| | - Limin Buchanan
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation HubSydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia,Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH)SydneyAustralia,Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia
| | - Chris Rissel
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH)SydneyAustralia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Alison J. Hayes
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH)SydneyAustralia
| | - Karen Bedford
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research & Evaluation HubSydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia
| | - Renee Moreton
- Population HealthSydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownAustralia
| | - Louise A. Baur
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthSydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH)SydneyAustralia,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu R, Edwards CG, Cannavale CN, Flemming IR, Chojnacki MR, Reeser GE, Iwinski SJ, Renzi-Hammond LM, Khan NA. Weight Status and Visceral Adiposity Mediate the Relation between Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration and Skin Carotenoids in Later Childhood. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab010. [PMID: 33758790 PMCID: PMC7965082 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is associated with healthier weight and nutrient status in early life. However, the impact of breastfeeding on carotenoid status beyond infancy, and the influence of adiposity, are unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to retrospectively investigate the relation between breastfeeding and carotenoid status, and the mediating effect of weight status and adiposity on this relation, among school-age children. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of baseline data collected from a randomized-controlled clinical trial. Children 7-12 y old (n = 81) were recruited from East-Central Illinois. DXA was used to assess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and whole-body total fat percentage (%Fat; i.e., whole-body adiposity). Weight was obtained to calculate children's BMI percentiles. Skin carotenoids were assessed via reflection spectroscopy. Macular carotenoids were assessed as macular pigment optical density (MPOD). Dietary, birth, and breastfeeding information was self-reported by parents. RESULTS Skin carotenoids were inversely related to %Fat (P < 0.01), VAT (P < 0.01), and BMI percentile (P < 0.01). VAT and BMI percentile significantly mediated this relation between exclusive breastfeeding duration and skin carotenoids, after adjustment for dietary carotenoids, energy intake, and mother education. CONCLUSIONS Weight status and adipose tissue distribution mediate the positive correlation between exclusive breastfeeding duration and skin carotenoids among children aged 7-12 y. The results indicate the need to support breastfeeding and healthy physical growth in childhood for optimal carotenoid status.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03521349.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Liu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Caitlyn G Edwards
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Isabel R Flemming
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Morgan R Chojnacki
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ginger E Reeser
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Samantha J Iwinski
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lisa M Renzi-Hammond
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Palaska E, Lykeridou A, Zyga S, Panoutsopoulos G. Association Between Breastfeeding and Obesity in Preschool Children. Mater Sociomed 2020; 32:117-122. [PMID: 32843859 PMCID: PMC7428923 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2020.32.117-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood obesity is a significant problem nowadays, with breastfeeding being one of many factors responsible for this issue. Breastfeeding as a natural way of feeding infants has many benefits for the child, the mother, and society. Aim The present study aimed to investigate the association between overweight children in preschool age and breastfeeding duration. Methods The current study included 674 preschool children aged 2-5 who attended various municipal kindergartens in South Athens. Questionnaires were given to parents where they recorded the child's personal and body data, parenting, and questions about pregnancy and lactation. The effect of BMI on the duration of breastfeeding in children was examined by the chi-square independence test. Fisher's and Monte Carlo simulations were also used. For data processing, Z scores and percentiles BMI for the first, second until fifth year of the child were found and based on these values the following categorization was performed; for values below -2 as low weight, values from -2 to 1 as normal weight, from 2 to 3 as overweight and over 3 as obese children. The Corresponding categorization was based on the 3rd, 85th, 97th, and 99.9th percentage position. Results The percentage of children at preschool age who have been breastfed for over six months and had normal weight was higher than those who breastfed below six months. Moreover, the proportion of children who were low weight, overweight and obese was lower in children who had been breastfed more than six months compared to those who breastfed for a shorter period. Additionally, a statistically significant difference was found for the effect of breastfeeding on childhood obesity in children aged 2 to 5 years. Conclusion There is a statistical association between breastfeeding duration and body weight in preschool age. Breastfeeding for more than six months has a positive impact on the child's weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ermioni Palaska
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, University of West Attika, Egaleo, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Physiology- Pharmacology, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Lykeridou
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, University of West Attika, Egaleo, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Zyga
- Laboratory of Physiology- Pharmacology, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
| | - Georgios Panoutsopoulos
- Laboratory of Physiology- Pharmacology, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Narla A, Rehkopf DH. Novel ranking of protective and risk factors for adolescent adiposity in US females. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:177-186. [PMID: 31019735 PMCID: PMC6469335 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rank the importance of potentially modifiable psychosocial, dietary and environmental risk and protective factors for female adolescent obesity in order to target and inform public health prevention efforts. Utilizing the largest dataset available that captures the onset of the adolescent obesity surge in the USA, the study provides a more robust understanding of paediatric obesity risk factors. METHODS Data were obtained from an observational, longitudinal study conducted between 1989 and 2001, the NHLBI Growth and Health Study. This study includes girls aged 9-19 years from three urban US locations, with Black and White girls generally represented equally. Data were analysed using multiple regression, random forest and propensity score matching to determine the strongest adiposity risk and protective factors during ages 9-12 predicting adiposity at age 19 with multiple methods to maximize the ability to identify possible public health interventions. Multiple linear regression and random forest analysis identified the strongest associations among 288 risk and protective factors selected from the study's literature review. For the 190 factors associated with follow-up adiposity from the data, propensity score matching was used to control for confounding of these factors. RESULTS Findings suggest that highest priority interventional targets across the domains surveyed are lowering specific nutrients; eating meals with others or during activities without skipping; parents fixing evening snacks; improving perceptions of non-extremes as the healthy weight; improving self-worth, physical activity and social competence; and limiting any negative impact of dieting relatives. Similar associations were observed for Black and White girls. CONCLUSION The clinical implications of these findings allow health practitioners to target behavioural change efforts and address social and environmental factors that have demonstrated higher prioritization value for early obesity interventional efforts for adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Narla
- Division of Primary Care and Population HealthStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - D. H. Rehkopf
- Division of Primary Care and Population HealthStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gray LA, Hernandez Alava M, Kelly MP, Campbell MJ. Family lifestyle dynamics and childhood obesity: evidence from the millennium cohort study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:500. [PMID: 29807535 PMCID: PMC5971431 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing but the causes are not fully understood. Recent public health interventions and guidance aiming to reduce childhood obesity have focused on the whole family, as opposed to just the child but there remains a lack of empirical evidence examining this relationship. Methods Using data from the longitudinal Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), we investigate the dynamic relationship between underlying family lifestyle and childhood obesity during early childhood. The MCS interviewed parents shortly after the birth of their child and follow up interviews were carried out when the child was 3, 5 and 7 years. We use a dynamic latent factor model, an approach that allows us to identify family lifestyle, its evolution over time (in this case between birth and 7 years) and its influence on childhood obesity and other observable outcomes. Results We find that family lifestyle is persistent, 87.43% of families which were above the 95th percentile on the lifestyle distribution, remained above the 95th percentile when the child was 7 years old. Family lifestyle has a significant influence on all outcomes in the study, including diet, exercise and parental weight status; family lifestyle accounts for 11.3% of the variation in child weight by age 7 years. Conclusion The analysis suggests that interventions should therefore be prolonged and persuasive and target the underlying lifestyle of a family as early as possible during childhood in order to have the greatest cumulative influence. Our results suggest that children from advantaged backgrounds are more likely to be exposed to healthier lifestyles and that this leads to inequalities in the prevalence of obesity. To reduce inequalities in childhood obesity, policy makers should target disadvantaged families and design interventions specifically for these families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Gray
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Monica Hernandez Alava
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - Michael P Kelly
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Michael J Campbell
- Design, Trials and Statistics, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Costa S, Adams J, Gonzalez-Nahm S, Benjamin Neelon SE. Childcare in Infancy and Later Obesity: a Narrative Review of Longitudinal Studies. CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2017; 5:118-131. [PMID: 28845369 PMCID: PMC5550538 DOI: 10.1007/s40124-017-0134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review was to summarize the current literature on the longitudinal relationship between non-parental childcare during infancy and later obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 74 associations relevant to the review. Studies were highly heterogeneous in terms of defining childcare, categorizing different types of childcare, assessing obesity, and age at measurement of outcome and exposure. Most of the associations were either non-significant (42 associations, 57%) or showed a significant association between increased exposure to childcare and greater obesity (30 associations, 41%). There were very few examples of associations indicating that childcare was associated with lower obesity. SUMMARY There is limited research on the longitudinal relationship between childcare in infancy and later obesity. Existing studies showed mixed results, similar to recent reviews reporting on cross-sectional studies and older ages. The different definitions of childcare and wide variety of measures of exposure make comparisons between studies challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Costa
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jean Adams
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Gonzalez-Nahm
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Sara E Benjamin Neelon
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|