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Jiang Y, Xu Y, Wang Q, Chen Z, Liu C. Significance of serum NLRP3 as a potential predictor of 5-year death in hemodialysis patients: A prospective observational cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39185. [PMID: 39093762 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is involved in inflammatory response. This study was done to explore the role of serum NLRP3 as a predictive biomarker of death after hemodialysis. In this prospective observational study of 331 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, serum NLRP3 levels were measured. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were sequentially performed to determine predictors of 5-year death after hemodialysis. Age, major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE), and serum NLRP3 levels independently predicted 5-year mortality and overall survival (all P < .05). No interactions were found between serum NLRP3 levels and other variables, such as age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, primary renal diseases, and MACCE (all P interaction > .05). Serum NLRP3 levels were linearly correlated with risk of death and overall survival under restricted cubic spline (both P > .05) and substantially discriminated patients at risk of death under receiver operating characteristic curve (P < .001). Two models, in which age, MACCE, and serum NLRP3 were combined, were built to predict 5-year mortality and overall survival. The mortality prediction model had significantly higher predictive ability than age, AMCCE, and serum NLRP3 alone under receiver operating characteristic curve (all P < .05). The models, which were graphically represented by nomograms, performed well under calibration curve and decision curve. Serum NLRP3 levels are independently related to 5-year mortality and overall survival of patients after hemodialysis, suggesting that serum NLRP3 may be a potential prognostic biomarker of hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Yandan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Quzhou KeCheng People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Quzhou Hospital of Zhejiang Medical and Health Group, Quzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Chunya Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
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Baker PJ, Bohrer AC, Castro E, Amaral EP, Snow-Smith M, Torres-Juárez F, Gould ST, Queiroz ATL, Fukutani ER, Jordan CM, Khillan JS, Cho K, Barber DL, Andrade BB, Johnson RF, Hilligan KL, Mayer-Barber KD. The inflammatory microenvironment of the lung at the time of infection governs innate control of SARS-CoV-2 replication. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.586885. [PMID: 38585846 PMCID: PMC10996686 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.586885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to vastly divergent clinical outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to fatal disease. Co-morbidities, sex, age, host genetics and vaccine status are known to affect disease severity. Yet, how the inflammatory milieu of the lung at the time of SARS-CoV-2 exposure impacts the control of viral replication remains poorly understood. We demonstrate here that immune events in the mouse lung closely preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly impact viral control and we identify key innate immune pathways required to limit viral replication. A diverse set of pulmonary inflammatory stimuli, including resolved antecedent respiratory infections with S. aureus or influenza, ongoing pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection, ovalbumin/alum-induced asthma or airway administration of defined TLR ligands and recombinant cytokines, all establish an antiviral state in the lung that restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication upon infection. In addition to antiviral type I interferons, the broadly inducible inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1 precondition the lung for enhanced viral control. Collectively, our work shows that SARS-CoV-2 may benefit from an immunologically quiescent lung microenvironment and suggests that heterogeneity in pulmonary inflammation that precedes or accompanies SARS-CoV-2 exposure may be a significant factor contributing to the population-wide variability in COVID-19 disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Baker
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Current Address: Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Andrea C. Bohrer
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ehydel Castro
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Eduardo P. Amaral
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Maryonne Snow-Smith
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Flor Torres-Juárez
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sydnee T. Gould
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Current Address: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Artur T. L. Queiroz
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Bahia 41810-710, Brazil
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Research, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R. Fukutani
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Bahia 41810-710, Brazil
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Research, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Cassandra M. Jordan
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jaspal S. Khillan
- Mouse Genetics and Gene Modification Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Kyoungin Cho
- Mouse Genetics and Gene Modification Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Bahia 41810-710, Brazil
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Research, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Reed F. Johnson
- SCV2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kerry L. Hilligan
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Ji R, Wu Y, Ye Y, Li Y, Li Y, Zhong G, Fan W, Feng C, Chen H, Teng X, Wu Y, Xu J. Stimulation of PSTPIP1 to trigger proinflammatory responses in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26886. [PMID: 38463809 PMCID: PMC10920375 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A hyperinflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection gravely worsens the clinical progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although the undesirable effects of inflammasome activation have been correlated to the severity of COVID-19, the mechanisms of this process in the asymptomatic infection and disease progression have not yet been clearly elucidated. Methods We performed strand-specific RNA sequencing in 39 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from asymptomatic individuals(n = 10), symptomatic patients(n = 16) and healthy donors(n = 13). Results Dysregulation of pyrin inflammasomes along with the proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1) gene was identified in SARS-COV-2 infection. Notably, the PSTPIP1 expression level showed a significant negative correlation with an adjacent long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) RP11-797A18.6 in the asymptomatic individuals compared with the healthy controls. In addition, a decline in the nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1) gene expression was observed in asymptomatic infection, followed by a rise in the mild and moderate disease stages, suggesting that altered NFKB1 expression and associated proinflammatory signals may trigger a disease progression. Conclusions Overall, our results indicate that PSTPIP1-dependent pyrin inflammasomes-mediated pyroptosis and NF-κB activation might be potential preventive targets for COVID-19 disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Yuhua Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Guangzhou Huayin Medical Laboratory Center Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yizhe Li
- Department of Laboratory Science, West China TianFu Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Guojiu Zhong
- Department of Respiratory, Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- Guangzhou Huayin Medical Laboratory Center Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengjuan Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Guangzhou Huayin Medical Laboratory Center Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyun Teng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunli Wu
- Guangzhou Huayin Medical Laboratory Center Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
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Conte C, Cipponeri E, Roden M. Diabetes Mellitus, Energy Metabolism, and COVID-19. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:281-308. [PMID: 37934800 PMCID: PMC10911957 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes mellitus (mostly type 2), and COVID-19 show mutual interactions because they are not only risk factors for both acute and chronic COVID-19 manifestations, but also because COVID-19 alters energy metabolism. Such metabolic alterations can lead to dysglycemia and long-lasting effects. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential for a further rise of the diabetes pandemic. This review outlines how preexisting metabolic alterations spanning from excess visceral adipose tissue to hyperglycemia and overt diabetes may exacerbate COVID-19 severity. We also summarize the different effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the key organs and tissues orchestrating energy metabolism, including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. Last, we provide an integrative view of the metabolic derangements that occur during COVID-19. Altogether, this review allows for better understanding of the metabolic derangements occurring when a fire starts from a small flame, and thereby help reducing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Conte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome 00166, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20099, Italy
| | - Elisa Cipponeri
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20099, Italy
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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Wang K, Han S, Liu L, Zhao L, Herr I. Multi-Algorithm Analysis Reveals Pyroptosis-Linked Genes as Pancreatic Cancer Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:372. [PMID: 38254861 PMCID: PMC10814254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often diagnosed at late stages, limiting treatment options and survival rates. Pyroptosis-related gene signatures hold promise as PDAC prognostic markers, but limited gene pools and small sample sizes hinder their utility. We aimed to enhance PDAC prognosis with a comprehensive multi-algorithm analysis. Using R, we employed natural language processing and latent Dirichlet allocation on PubMed publications to identify pyroptosis-related genes. We collected PDAC transcriptome data (n = 1273) from various databases, conducted a meta-analysis, and performed differential gene expression analysis on tumour and non-cancerous tissues. Cox and LASSO algorithms were used for survival modelling, resulting in a pyroptosis-related gene expression-based prognostic index. Laboratory and external validations were conducted. Bibliometric analysis revealed that pyroptosis publications focus on signalling pathways, disease correlation, and prognosis. We identified 357 pyroptosis-related genes, validating the significance of BHLHE40, IL18, BIRC3, and APOL1. Elevated expression of these genes strongly correlated with poor PDAC prognosis and guided treatment strategies. Our accessible nomogram model aids in PDAC prognosis and treatment decisions. We established an improved gene signature for pyroptosis-related genes, offering a novel model and nomogram for enhanced PDAC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangtao Wang
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.H.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (I.H.)
- Department of General Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shanshan Han
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.H.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (I.H.)
| | - Li Liu
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.H.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (I.H.)
| | - Lian Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.H.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (I.H.)
| | - Ingrid Herr
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.H.); (L.L.); (L.Z.); (I.H.)
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Zhi Y, Wu X, Chen Y, Chen X, Chen X, Luo H, Yi X, Lin X, Ma L, Chen Y, Cao Y, Li F, Zhou P. A novel TWIK2 channel inhibitor binds at the bottom of the selectivity filter and protects against LPS-induced experimental endotoxemia in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115894. [PMID: 37898389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
TWIK2 channel plays a critical role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mice deficient in TWIK2 channel are protected from sepsis and inflammatory lung injury. However, inhibitors of TWIK2 channel are currently in an early stage of development, and the molecular determinants underlying the chemical modulation of TWIK2 channel remain unexplored. In this study, we identified NPBA and the synthesized derivative NPBA-4 potently and selectively inhibited TWIK2 channel by using whole-cell patch clamp techniques. Furthermore, the mutation of the last residues of the selectivity filter in both P1 and P2 (i.e., T106A, T214A) of TWIK2 channel substantially abolished the effect of NPBA on TWIK2 channel. Our data suggest that NPBA blocked TWIK2 channel through binding at the bottom of the selectivity filter, which was also supported by molecular docking prediction. Moreover, we found that NPBA significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages and alleviated LPS-induced endotoxemia and organ injury in vivo. Notably, the protective effects of NPBA against LPS-induced endotoxemia were abolished in Kcnk6-/- mice. In summary, our study has uncovered a series of novel inhibitors of TWIK2 channel and revealed their distinct molecular determinants interacting TWIK2 channel. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of pharmacological action on TWIK2 channel and opportunities for the development of selective TWIK2 channel modulators to treat related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxing Zhi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanshan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xingyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiuling Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fengxian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Pingzheng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
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Lai B, Jiang H, Liao T, Gao Y, Zhou X. Bioinformatics and system biology analysis revealed the crosstalk between COVID-19 and osteoarthritis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1123. [PMID: 38156385 PMCID: PMC10739374 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has significantly impacted public health. Moreover, there has been an association between the incidence and severity of osteoarthritis (OA) and the onset of COVID-19. However, the optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for patients with both diseases remain uncertain. Bioinformatics is a novel approach that may help find the common pathology between COVID-19 and OA. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by R package "limma." Functional enrichment analyses were performed to find key biological functions. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database and then Cytoscape was used to select hub genes. External data sets and OA mouse model validated and identified the hub genes in both mRNA and protein levels. Related transcriptional factors (TF) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were predicted with miRTarBase and JASPR database. Candidate drugs were obtained from Drug Signatures database. The immune infiltration levels of COVID-19 and OA were evaluated by CIBERSORT and scRNA-seq. RESULTS A total of 74 common DEGs were identified between COVID-19 and OA. Receiver operating characteristic curves validated the effective diagnostic values (area under curve > 0.7) of four hub genes (matrix metalloproteinases 9, ATF3, CCL4, and RELA) in both the training and validation data sets of COVID-19 and OA. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot showed significantly higher hub gene expression in OA mice than in healthy controls. A total of 84 miRNAs and 28 TFs were identified to regulate the process of hub gene expression. The top 10 potential drugs were screened including "Simvastatin," "Hydrocortisone," and "Troglitazone" which have been proven by Food and Drug Administration. Correlated with hub gene expression, Macrophage M0 was highly expressed while Natural killer cells and Mast cells were low in both COVID-19 and OA. CONCLUSION Four hub genes, disease-related miRNAs, TFs, drugs, and immune infiltration help to understand the pathogenesis and perform further studies, providing a potential therapy target for COVID-19 and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Lai
- Department of OrthopedicsChangzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of OrthopedicsChangzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Taotao Liao
- Department of OrthopedicsChangzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of OrthopedicsChangzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of OrthopedicsChangzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Akbar SMF, Al Mahtab M, Khan S. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenic and Protective Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Implications of COVID-19 Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030615. [PMID: 36992199 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has devastated the world with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has imparted a toll of at least 631 million reported cases with 6.57 million reported deaths. In order to handle this pandemic, vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been developed and billions of doses of various vaccines have been administered. In the meantime, several antiviral drugs and other treatment modalities have been developed to treat COVID-19 patients. At the end of the day, it seems that anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and newly developed antiviral drugs may be improved based on various new developments. COVID-19 represents a virus-induced, immune-mediated pathological process. The severity of the disease is related to the nature and properties of the host immune responses. In addition, host immunity plays a dominant role in regulating the extent of COVID-19. The present reality regarding the role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection even three years after the initiation of the pandemic, and divergent faces of COVID-19 have initiated several queries among huge populations, policy makers, general physicians, and scientific communities. The present review aims to provide some information regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mamun Al Mahtab
- Interventional Hepatology Division, Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, BSMMU, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sakirul Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan
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