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Zhu H, Chen P, Ding X, Zhao Y. Relationship Between Urinary Iodine Concentration and the Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:368-372. [PMID: 38447949 DOI: 10.1055/a-2258-8258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the iodine intake in the resident population in Xi'an and analyze the relationship between iodine nutritional status and the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules (TNs). A total of 2507 people were enrolled in Xi'an. Venous serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and thyroid ultrasonography were collected. Patients with abnormal TSH were checked for free thyroxine (FT4) and triiodothyronine (FT3). Adults in Xi'an had median UICs of 220.80 μg/L and 178.56 μg/l, respectively. A sum of 16.78% of people had subclinical hypothyroidism. Both iodine excess and iodine deficit increased the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism. The lowest was around 15.09% in females with urine iodine levels between 200 and 299 μg/l. With a rate of 10.69%, the lowest prevalence range for males was 100-199 μg/l. In Xi'an, 11.37% of people have TNs. In comparison to other UIC categories, TN occurrences were higher in females (18.5%) and males (12%) when UIC were below 100 μg/l. In conclusion, iodine intake was sufficient in the Xi'an area, while the adults' UIC remains slightly higher than the criteria. Iodine excess or deficiency can lead to an increase in the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism. Patients with iodine deficiency are more likely to develop TNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachao Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Liu S, Sharp A, Lane S, Villanueva EV, Lu Z, Ma ZF. Low Iodine Nutrition Knowledge in Chinese Breastfeeding Women despite Adequate Iodine Status. Nutrients 2024; 16:491. [PMID: 38398815 PMCID: PMC10891795 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been a scarcity of evidence about iodine nutrition knowledge among women during pregnancy and lactation. The aim of this study was to determine women's iodine knowledge and the relationship between knowledge and iodine status during pregnancy and lactation. Women were recruited from a hospital in the western part of China in the third trimester of pregnancy and followed until the end of the first week of lactation. The women's iodine status was measured by their urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and an iodine-specific, validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Iodine nutrition knowledge was assessed using an iodine nutrition knowledge questionnaire. A total of 200 women (mean age of 29.0 ± 4.2 years) completed the whole study. The majority of the women did not consume enough iodine during both pregnancy and lactation (231.89 vs. 237.26 µg/day). The overall mean iodine knowledge scores in our sample of women during pregnancy and lactation were 4.77 and 4.87, indicating low iodine knowledge. The use of iodized salt and a higher education level were significantly associated with an increased iodine knowledge score. In conclusion, this study reported poor iodine nutrition knowledge in women, highlighting a public health concern. Therefore, the iodine knowledge of women should be improved, possibly via maternal health campaigns to avoid the consequences of iodine deficiency disorders in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchang Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Harris-Wellbeing Research Centre, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK
| | - Andrew Sharp
- Harris-Wellbeing Research Centre, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
| | - Steven Lane
- Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Elmer V. Villanueva
- School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- First Year College, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Zhiliang Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing, School of Health and Social Wellbeing, College of Health, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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Li S, Guo W, Meng Q, Zhu M, Wei H, Ji F, Tan L, Zhang W. The association between thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid nodules, goiter and thyroid antibody positivity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1204552. [PMID: 37850098 PMCID: PMC10577406 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1204552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and thyroid disease in adults remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum TSH levels, particularly those falling within the normal range, and thyroid diseases in Chinese adults, including thyroid nodules (TN), goiter (GR), and thyroid antibody positivity. Materials and methods This research was a cross-sectional study conducted in an adult population in Tianjin, China. Thyroid volume (Tvol) and TN were assessed using thyroid ultrasonography. Fasting venous blood and spot urine samples were collected to evaluate thyroid function and iodine status. Results A total of 2460 subjects participated in the survey. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 9.76%, and abnormal TSH levels were found to potentially increase the risk of GR and thyroid antibody positivity in adults. A total of 2220 subjects with TSH within the normal reference range were included in the further study. In these patients, Tvol decreased as TSH levels increased, in both men and women (P < 0.0001). Low TSH levels (0.27-1.41 IU/mL) were identified as a risk factor for TN (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% CI: 1.14-1.87) and GR (OR 5.90, 95% CI 2.27-15.3). Upon stratification by sex and age, the risk of TN was found to be higher in women and elderly individuals (≥60 years old), while the risk of GR was found to be higher in men and younger individuals (<60 years old). High TSH levels (2.55-4.2 IU/mL) were identified as a risk factor for thyroid antibody positivity (OR, 1.53; 95% CI: 1.11-2.10). Men and younger individuals with high TSH levels exhibited a higher risk of thyroid antibody positivity. Conclusion In adults with normal TSH levels, low TSH levels were associated with an increased risk of TN and GR, whereas high TSH levels were associated with thyroid antibody positivity. The research also suggests that adults whose TSH levels at upper or lower limits of the normal range should be reviewed regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxing Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengying Ji
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Long Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin, China
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Wang HX, Gao WY, Yang Y, Li YF, Zhang Y, Zhang XY, Li YX. Preliminary observation of thyroid function changes in subclinical thyroid diseases. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:1715-1722. [PMID: 37092191 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that 1.95% and 5.55% of adults in China suffer from subclinical thyroid diseases, which is difficult to diagnose and treat. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the development and prognosis of subclinical thyroid diseases to provide a reference from our single center experience. METHODS A total of 240 cases from April 2019 to August 2021 in the laboratory information system database of Huanghua Development Boai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Binary logistic regression was conducted to analyze odds ratio (OR) of subclinical thyroid disease types returning to a normal state. RESULTS Among the patients hypothyroidism Ia and hyperthyroidism Ia were the most common type with conversion to the normal state (P< 0.001). TSH level of patients with conversion to a normal state was significantly lower than that of those who developed to abnormal disease (P= 0.015). The OR values of hyperthyroidism Ia and hypothyroidism Ia that returned to a normal state compared with hyperthyroidism Ib were 2.659 (1.159 ∼ 6.096, P= 0.021) and 3.138 (1.1.278 ∼ 7.709, P= 0.013), respectively. The OR value of hypothyroidism Ib that returned to normal compared with hyperthyroidism Ib was 0.629 (0.131 ∼ 3.010, P= 0.561). Thyroid hormone levels, age, and gender at first diagnosis were not impact factor for prognosis of subclincal thyroid disease (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION Cases with grade hypothyroidism Ia and hyperthyroidism Ia are more likely to revert to normal state than other subclinical thyroid diseases. TSH reference range should be explored for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Xin Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Huanghua Boai Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Wen-Yu Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Huanghua Boai Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, Huanghua Boai Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Huanghua Boai Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xin-Yi Zhang
- Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yu-Xia Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Huanghua Boai Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Strikić Đula I, Pleić N, Babić Leko M, Gunjača I, Torlak V, Brdar D, Punda A, Polašek O, Hayward C, Zemunik T. Epidemiology of Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism and Positive Thyroid Antibodies in the Croatian Population. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030394. [PMID: 35336768 PMCID: PMC8945477 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this paper was to analyse the prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in the Croatian population. This is the first epidemiological study of its kind conducted in our population. It is important to correctly diagnose thyroid dysfunction due to the detrimental effects of thyroid dysfunction on human health (especially in pregnant women and patients with cardiovascular diseases). The results of our study conducted on 4402 individuals, showed a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism in our country (10.5%) compared to other countries, while the prevalence of hyperthyroidism was quite similar (1.3%). We also observed that a high proportion of thyroid disorders remained undiagnosed (as many as 92.6% subclinical hypothyroid, 93.9% clinical hypothyroid, 83% subclinical hyperthyroid and 71.4% clinical hyperthyroid participants). Therefore, our study indicates that investing in prevention programs is crucial. Abstract Thyroid dysfunction appears to be the leading endocrine disorder. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 4402 individuals from three Croatian cohorts. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism (subclinical and clinical) and positive thyroid antibodies in the Croatian population. The results of the study indicated that 17.6% of participants were euthyroid with positive antibodies. The prevalence of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism was 3% and 7.4%, respectively, while the prevalence of clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism was 0.2% and 1.1%, respectively. Among them, 92.6% subclinical hypothyroid, 93.9% clinical hypothyroid, 83% subclinical hyperthyroid and 71.4% clinical hyperthyroid participants were undiagnosed. Finally, the prevalence of undiagnosed subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism in our population was 6.9% and 2.8%, respectively, while the prevalence of undiagnosed subclinical and clinical hyperthyroidism was 0.9% and 0.1%, respectively. Women showed a higher prevalence of thyroid disorders; 1.57 times higher odds of euthyroidism with positive antibodies, 2.1 times higher odds of subclinical hyperthyroidism, 2.37 times higher odds of clinical hypothyroidism and 1.58 times higher odds of subclinical hypothyroidism than men. These results indicate an extremely high proportion of undiagnosed cases, and therefore require investments in a prevention programme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolina Pleić
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (N.P.); (M.B.L.); (I.G.)
| | - Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (N.P.); (M.B.L.); (I.G.)
| | - Ivana Gunjača
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (N.P.); (M.B.L.); (I.G.)
| | - Vesela Torlak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (V.T.); (D.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Dubravka Brdar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (V.T.); (D.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Ante Punda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (V.T.); (D.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (N.P.); (M.B.L.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-557888
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Samareh Fekri H, Pishnamaz S, Jafari E, Ansari M, Doostmohammadi M, Mohajeri M, Rahimi H. Investigating the protective role of metformin on lithium‐induced hypothyroidism. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22977. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Samareh Fekri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Seide‐Fatemeh Pishnamaz
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center Kerman University of Medical Science Kerman Iran
| | - Mehdi Ansari
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Mohsen Doostmohammadi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Hamid‐Reza Rahimi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
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Yu Z, Yu Y, Wan Y, Fan J, Meng H, Li S, Wang Y, Wang T, Ling R. Iodine intake level and incidence of thyroid disease in adults in Shaanxi province: a cross-sectional study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1567. [PMID: 34790773 PMCID: PMC8576709 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Exploring the relationship between adult iodine intake level and thyroid disease in Shaanxi area is of great significance for adult scientific iodine supplement and individual iodine supplement strategy. At present, the relationship between iodine and incidence of thyroid disease has not been determined. Methods This study was based on the clinical data of 1,159 patients from the Shaanxi Province aged over 18 years and diagnosed with thyroid-related diseases who were admitted to the Xijing Hospital from 2016 to 2020, and 182 provincial healthy volunteers aged over 18 years who agreed and signed informed consent for physical examination in 2020. The chi-square test and nonparametric test were used to investigate the relationship between iodine intake level and thyroid disease. Results (I) A total of 1,341 patients were enrolled and observed in this study. The median urinary iodine (MUI) was 233.20 μg/L. Compared with the control, group participants the urine iodine (UI) of those with hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and benign nodules was significantly different (P<0.05). (II) The incidence of PTC was higher in women with excessive iodine intake and people aged ≥45 years (P<0.05). (III) There was no significant difference in urinary iodine (UI), age, gender, and other factors between benign nodules and PTC (P>0.05). Conclusions The iodine intake level of adults in Shaanxi is high, which is related to hyperthyroidism, HT, benign nodules, thyroid cancer, and other diseases. There were 3 factors, including excessive iodine intake, age ≥45 years, and female gender, found to be associated with the development of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaocheng Yu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Department of Heaepartment of Health Services, Health Service Training Base, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huimin Meng
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songpeng Li
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Ling
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Tian C, Bu Y, Ji C, Shi M, Zhang L, Kong D, Dong X, Liu Y. Iodine Nutrition and the Prevalence Status of Thyroid Nodules in the Population: a Cross-sectional Survey in Heilongjiang Province, China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3181-3189. [PMID: 33123864 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the iodine nutritional status and the epidemiological characteristics of thyroid nodules (TNs) in the adult population of Heilongjiang Province. From December 2017 to December 2018, a total of 3661 adults aged 20-70 years were selected through probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling for a cross-sectional survey. During the field epidemiological investigation, each participant received a questionnaire survey and thyroid ultrasonography examination. The iodine concentrations in casual urine specimens and household edible salt were measured. The household coverage of iodized salt was 86.56%. The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) in the adult population in Heilongjiang Province was 161.57 μg/L (25th-75th percentile: 100.35-245.15 μg/L). The prevalence of TNs was 36.88%, and the prevalence in females was significantly higher than that in males (41.25% vs 32.50%, χ2 = 11.841, P < 0.01). The prevalence of TNs increased with age (χ2trend = 49.80, P < 0.001). The prevalence of multiple TNs increased with age (χ2trend = 48.709, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the MUIC between healthy control group and those with TNs (Z = - 1.386, P = 0.166). The female, age (40-49 age group, 50-59 age group, 60-70 age group), BMI (obesity, overweight), history of hypertension, history of diabetes, and smoking history were all independent risk factors that affected the occurrence of TNs. The iodine nutritional status of the adult population in Heilongjiang Province was adequate. The prevalence of TNs was higher in middle-aged and elderly women, so these individuals should be the focus of the prevention and treatment of thyroid nodule disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ye Bu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunlei Ji
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dejiao Kong
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Dong
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
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Low Iodine Intake May Decrease Women's Fecundity: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093056. [PMID: 34578933 PMCID: PMC8467427 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt iodization is one of the most cost-effective strategies to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). However, China’s dismantling of salt monopoly has reduced the availability of iodized salt in the susceptible population in pregnancy, which might cause IDD and have adverse health effects on both themselves and their offspring. The aim of our study was therefore to explore the association between IDD and women’s reproductive health. This is a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 in Zhejiang Province, China. A total of 1653 pregnant women participated in this study. Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in the population was used to assess iodine intake. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the association between iodine intake and time to pregnancy, which was indicated with fecundability ratio (FR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The percentage of participants with iodine deficiency who had been waiting longer than 13 months to get pregnant (20%; median UIC 119.6 μg/L) was significantly higher than those with iodine sufficiency (14%; median UIC 147.1 μg/L). A significant decrease in fecundity was observed in participants with iodine deficiency (FR, 0.820; 95% CI, 0.725−0.929) than those with iodine sufficiency. These findings indicate the importance of ongoing monitoring of iodine nutrition in women of reproductive age. Keeping a safe and optimal level of iodine nutrition during pregnancy should be emphasized.
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Zeng Y, He H, Wang X, Zhang M, An Z. Climate and air pollution exposure are associated with thyroid function parameters: a retrospective cross-sectional study. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1515-1523. [PMID: 33159683 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are still controversies about the impact of climatic and environmental factors on thyroid function parameters in healthy populations. We investigated the relationships between climate, air pollution exposure, and thyroid function fluctuations. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 327,913 individuals attending routine health checks from December 2013 to December 2018. We analyzed the associations between thyroid function and climatic factors using Spearman's correlation analysis. We explored the relationships between thyroid function and air pollution exposure using multiple linear regression analysis, after adjusting for age, sex, season, and outdoor temperature. We also performed subgroup analyses by age and sex and sensitivity analyses of different anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody status. RESULTS Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were negatively associated with outdoor temperature (r = - 0.66, P < 0.001; r = - 0.55, P < 0.001), while free thyroxine (FT4) and FT4/FT3 were positively associated with temperature (r = 0.35, P < 0.001; r = 0.79, P < 0.001). An increase of 10 μg/m3 in fine particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was associated with a decrease of 0.12 pmol/L in FT4 and an increase of 0.07 pmol/L in FT3 (both P < 0.01). FT4/FT3 was significantly negatively associated with PM2.5 (coefficient: - 0.06, P < 0.01). These results remained robust in hierarchical analyses and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Thyroid function parameters are associated with climate and air pollution exposure. These factors may influence variations in thyroid function. Our results also highlight the importance of public health interventions to reduce air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China
| | - H He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China.
| | - Z An
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China.
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Zou Y, Wang D, Cheng X, Ma C, Lin S, Hu Y, Yu S, Xia L, Li H, Yin Y, Liu H, Zhang D, Zhang K, Lian X, Xu T, Qiu L. Reference Intervals for Thyroid-Associated Hormones and the Prevalence of Thyroid Diseases in the Chinese Population. Ann Lab Med 2020; 41:77-85. [PMID: 32829582 PMCID: PMC7443523 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2021.41.1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid diseases are highly prevalent worldwide, but their diagnosis remains a challenge. We established reference intervals (RIs) for thyroid-associated hormones and evaluated the prevalence of thyroid diseases in China. METHODS After excluding outliers based on the results of ultrasound screening, thyroid antibody tests, and the Tukey method, the medical records of 20,303 euthyroid adults, who visited the Department of Health Care at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to December 2018, were analyzed. Thyroid-associated hormones were measured by the Siemens Advia Centaur XP analyzer. The RIs for thyroid-associated hormones were calculated according to the CLSI C28-A3 guidelines, and were compared with the RIs provided by Siemens. The prevalence of thyroid diseases over the five years was evaluated and compared using the chi-square test. RESULTS The RIs for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total thyroxine (TT4), and total triiodothyronine (TT3) were 0.71-4.92 mIU/L, 12.2-20.1 pmol/L, 3.9-6.0 pmol/L, 65.6-135.1 nmol/L, and 1.2-2.2 nmol/L, respectively. The RIs of all hormones except TT4 differed significantly between males and females. The RIs of TSH increased with increasing age. The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism, overt hyperthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism was 0.5% and 0.8%, 0.2% and 0.6%, 3.8% and 6.1%, and 3.3% and 4.7% in males and females, respectively, which differed from those provided by Siemens. CONCLUSIONS Sex-specific RIs were established for thyroid-associated hormones, and the prevalence of thyroid diseases was determined in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Danchen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqi Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chaochao Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Songbai Lin
- Department of Health Care, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyu Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yicong Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Huaicheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Dianxi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolan Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Tengda Xu
- Department of Health Care, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & China Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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Chen X, Zheng X, Ding Z, Su Y, Wang S, Cui B, Xie Z. Relationship of gender and age on thyroid hormone parameters in a large Chinese population. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2020; 64:52-58. [PMID: 31576967 PMCID: PMC10522289 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to present the impact of age and gender on thyroid hormone levels in a large Chinese population with sufficient iodine intake. Subjects and methods A total of 83643 individuals were included and were stratified by age and gender. The median, 2.5th and 97.5th of thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and FT3/FT4 ratio were calculated for both genders for every decade from 18 to over 80 years. TSH, FT3, FT4, FT3/FT4 distribution in each age group was evaluated for females and males using smoothing splines in the generalized additive models (GAM). TSH concentrations were compared in the different age groups in gender. Results In the over 80s age group, the TSH level (median: 2.57 mIU/L, 2.5th-97.5th: 0.86-7.56 mIU/L) was significantly higher than other age groups, irrespective to gender (P<0.001). Females had a higher TSH value than males in all age groups (P<0.001). Results of the smoothing curves showed that TSH increased with age, FT3 concentration was higher in males than in females and the tendency of the FT3/FT4 ratio was basically similar to that of FT3. TSH concentration in the 50s age group (median 2.48 mIU/L for females versus 2.00 mIU/L for males) was significantly higher than that in the 30s age group (median 2.18 mIU/L for females versus median 1.85 mIU/L for males). Conclusions In accord with increasing TSH values during aging, females and older adults have lower FT3 values and lower FT3/FT4 ratios, while the FT4 values remain stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Chen
- Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineShanghaiChina Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xulei Zheng
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan-Xuhui HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineShanghaiChina Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Su
- Clinical LaboratorySichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChinaClinical Laboratory, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences SichuanTranslational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChinaChinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineShanghaiChina Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Cui
- Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineShanghaiChina Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences SichuanTranslational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChinaChinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Department of DermatologySichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChinaDepartment of Dermatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Wang X, Lou X, Mo Z, Xing M, Mao G, Zhu W, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang Z. Poor Iodine Knowledge, Coastal Region, and Non-Iodized Salt Consumption Linked to Low Urinary Iodine Excretion in Zhejiang Pregnant Women. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020413. [PMID: 30781393 PMCID: PMC6412776 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Iodine deficiency in pregnant women, defined as a median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of less than 150 μg/L, is an important public health issue. To improve their iodine intake, it is important to understand the knowledge and practices regarding iodine. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted on 2642 pregnant women during 2016–2017 in Zhejiang province, China. A 3-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to record knowledge. The UIC and iodine content in household salt were determined. Results: Coastal participants were iodine deficient (median UIC 127.6 μg/L) while inland participants were iodine sufficient (median UIC 151.0 μg/L). The average knowledge scores were significantly lower for the coastal participants (24.2 points vs. 25 points for the inland participants; p < 0.001). The percentage for iodized salt consumption was significantly lower for the coastal participants (88.9% vs. 96.0% for those inland; p < 0.001). A generalized linear model analysis showed that non-iodized salt consumption, coastal region, and low knowledge scores were independently associated with a low UIC. Conclusions: Comprehensive interventional strategies are needed to develop to achieve an optimal iodine status. We recommend that coastal pregnant women should take iodine supplements based on the consumption of iodized salt, and improvement of iodine-related knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Zhe Mo
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Mingluan Xing
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Guangming Mao
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Wenming Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
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14
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Ren R, Ma Y, Deng F, Li T, Wang H, Wei J, Jiang X, He M, Tian M, Liu D, Chen B, Deng W. Association between serum TSH levels and metabolic components in euthyroid subjects: a nationwide population-based study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1563-1569. [PMID: 31686877 PMCID: PMC6709806 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s202769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether a relationship exists between various metabolic factors and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in euthyroid persons remains unknown. This study aims to explore the relationship between TSH levels and metabolic factors in euthyroid individuals. METHODS A total of 2,663 subjects were enrolled from a nationwide population-based cross-sectional survey of iodine nutrition, thyroid disease and diabetes in China (2014-2017). Euthyroid individuals were divided into four groups according to quartiles of TSH levels: group A (n=305, 0.3-1.3 mIU/L), group B (n=829, 1.3-2.2 mIU/L), group C (n=673, 2.2-3.2 mIU/L) and group D (n=349, 3.2-4.2 mIU/L). Anthropometric parameters, biochemical indicators and TSH levels were determined. RESULTS A total of 2,156 euthyroid subjects with serum TSH levels within the normal range accounted for 86.8% of the sample. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) in group D was significantly higher than that in the other three groups. Group C displayed significantly lower thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels than the other three groups. Group C also had lower anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels than groups A and D, whereas the TgAb levels in group B were only lower than those in group A. Spearman's or Pearson's linear regression analysis showed that SBP (r=0.054; P=0.013) was positively correlated with TSH, but cholesterol (TC) (r=-0.043, P=0.047) was negatively correlated with TSH. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that SBP, the urinary iodine concentration (UIC), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), TC, triglycerides (TGs) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were independent predictors of serum TSH levels. CONCLUSION This large population-based study demonstrates a significant interaction between metabolic factors and TSH levels. An adverse weight status, high blood pressure levels, blood lipid metabolism disorder and excessive iodine intake may be early manifestations of thyroid disease in euthyroid subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, PLA, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min He
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wuquan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wuquan DengDepartment of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, No. 1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 236 369 2185Email
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15
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Chen D, Yan Y, Huang H, Dong Q, Tian H. The association between subclinical hypothyroidism and erectile dysfunction. Pak J Med Sci 2018; 34:621-625. [PMID: 30034427 PMCID: PMC6041544 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.343.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Erectile dysfunction (ED) is highly prevalent among males, and hypothyroidism is previously reported to be related with ED. However there have been rare studies to investigate the association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and ED, hence our objective was to fill this gap. Methods ED patients who visited the Urology Outpatients Clinic owere recruited consecutively, and males from the Health Manage Center were included as the controls. Serum thyroid and sexual hormones were estimated, and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaires were evaluated as well. Subjects with normal sexual hormones were included for statistical analysis. Results One hundred nine ED patients and 32 healthy controls were included in this study. The ratio of SCH and euthyroidism in ED males was 29.36% and 66.06% respectively. The IIEF-5 scores in ED patients with SCH were significantly lower than the controls with euthyroidism (P<0.05). The serum concentrations of TSH and prolactin were significantly higher and free thyroxine lower in ED patients with SCH when compared with the controls with euthyroidism (all p<0.05), and no significant differences of estradiol and total testosterone were found between those two groups. However the IIEF-5 scores were not significantly different between males with SCH and euthyroidism among ED patients (P>0.05). Conclusions SCH is common in ED patients and may be associated with ED, whereas the severity of ED is not related to SCH. Screening for thyroid dysfunction in men presenting with ED is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Chen
- Dawei Chen, MD. West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuerong Yan
- Yuerong Yan, MD. West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Prof. Hui Huang. West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Prof. Qiang Dong. Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoming Tian
- Prof. Haoming Tian. West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Song B, Zuo Z, Tan J, Guo J, Teng W, Lu Y, Liu C. Association of thyroid nodules with adiposity: a community-based cross-sectional study in China. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:3. [PMID: 29374470 PMCID: PMC5787304 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between thyroid nodules and adiposity remains controversial. We performed a cross-sectional, community-based study to examine whether thyroid nodules are associated with overweight and obesity, as defined with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. METHODS The study included 1482 subjects (≥20 years of age; residing in Nanjing, China) receiving questionnaire interview, anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and thyroid ultrasonography in 2009-2010. Overweight and obesity were defined as BMI ≥24 and ≥28 kg/m2, respectively. Central obesity was defined as waist circumference at ≥90 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria for overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 23 and ≥25 kg/m2). RESULTS Thyroid nodules were identified in 12.6% of the subjects. A greater proportion of the subjects with thyroid nodules had a BMI at ≥24 kg/m2 (51.9% vs. 40.5% in those without thyroid nodules, P = 0.003) and central obesity (43.3% vs. 24.2%, P < 0.001). After adjustment for other confounders, central obesity was still associated with significantly elevated risk of thyroid nodules (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.14-2.28), whereas obesity/overweight based on BMI was not in both the main analysis and sensitivity analysis with the alternative criteria. In the subgroup analysis, BMI ≥24 kg/m2 (OR 1.61, 95%CI 1.01-2.54), as well as BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (OR 1.95, 95%CI 1.14-3.34), was significantly associated with higher risk of thyroid nodules among women. Using the ADA criteria, overweight and obesity were associated with thyroid nodules (OR 5.59, 95%CI 1.39-22.51 and 5.15, 95%CI 1.30-20.37) in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) > 4.2 mIU/L subgroup. Central obesity correlated with higher risk of thyroid nodules regardless of age (< 50 years: OR 1.87, 95%CI 1.05-3.32: ≥50 years: OR 1.54, 95%CI 1.00-2.37) and in the following subgroups: men (OR 1.91, 95%CI 1.14-3.20), TSH > 4.2 mIU/L (OR 3.05, 95%CI 1.01-9.22), and urine iodine ≥200 µg/L (OR 1.79, 95%CI 1.14-2.81). CONCLUSION Waist circumference is superior to BMI for assessing risk of thyroid nodules in Chinese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 125 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, 225001 China
| | - Zhihua Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 125 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Juan Tan
- Department of Gerontology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing West Road, Huai’an, 223300 China
| | - Jianjin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001 China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Road, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Yibing Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 125 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Chao Liu
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 8 Huadian East Road, Nanjing, 210028 China
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Shao W, Liu J, Liu D. Evaluation of energy spectrum CT for the measurement of thyroid iodine content. BMC Med Imaging 2016; 16:47. [PMID: 27519786 PMCID: PMC4982208 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-016-0151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to provide a reference for the diagnosis of iodine deficiency disorder by evaluating the normal thyroid iodine content by energy spectrum computed tomography (CT) and calculating the iodine content ratio of thyroid to sternocleidomastoid. Methods The thyroid glands of 226 patients were scanned by energy spectrum CT, and the images were analyzed using the GSI Viewer software. Based on the imaging findings, the iodine levels of the thyroid lobes as well as the bilateral sternocleidomastoids were evaluated, and their iodine content ratios were calculated. Results No statistically significant difference was found in the thyroid iodine content between the left and right thyroid lobes (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the thyroid iodine content between men and women (p < 0.01). Additionally, the thyroid iodine content was found to decrease gradually with age. The iodine content ratio of thyroid to sternocleidomastoid was 96.6271 ± 33.2442. Conclusion Gemstone energy spectrum CT can be used for the measurement of thyroid iodine content in the human body. It can play a significant role in the diagnosis of iodine deficiency disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Shao
- Department of Imaging Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Department of Imaging Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Dianmei Liu
- Department of Imaging Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China.
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18
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Zhao X, Dong H, Zhang J, Sun Y, Yao M, Zhu G, Xu G. Iodine nutrition and thyroid nodules among children and adolescents in a coastal area of China. J Public Health (Oxf) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-016-0711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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