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Wu M, Liu C, Sun D. Glucocorticoid-Induced Myopathy: Typology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:341-349. [PMID: 38224966 DOI: 10.1055/a-2246-2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced myopathy is a non-inflammatory toxic myopathy typified by proximal muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, fatigue, and easy fatigability. These vague symptoms coupled with underlying disorders may mask the signs of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy, leading to an underestimation of the disease's impact. This review briefly summarizes the classification, pathogenesis, and treatment options for glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting. Additionally, we discuss current diagnostic measures in clinical research and routine care used for diagnosing and monitoring glucocorticoid-induced myopathy, which includes gait speed tests, muscle strength tests, hematologic tests, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electromyography, quantitative muscle ultrasound, histological examination, and genetic analysis. Continuous monitoring of patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy plays an important role in enabling early detection of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy, allowing physicians to modify treatment plans before significant clinical weakness arises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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2
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Tsetlina V, Stanford RA, Syrkin G, Ibanez K. Steroid myopathy and rehabilitation in patients with cancer. PM R 2024. [PMID: 38381659 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Steroids are broadly used in oncology, despite known adverse events such as glucocorticosteroid-induced myopathy (SM). To date there are no accepted guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of SM. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information regarding SM with emphasis on neuro-oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, given they are at high risk of experiencing SM following routine treatment with steroids. Our work is a combination of a comprehensive narrative review regarding etiology, pathogenesis, incidence, clinical presentation and treatment options for SM and a scoping review on the exercise therapy for SM. We have identified 24 in vivo studies of different exercise modalities in the settings of glucocorticosteroid treatment. Twenty of 24 studies demonstrated decreased muscle catabolism with exercise training. Both endurance and resistance exercises at mild to moderate intensity were beneficial. The value of high-intensity activities remains questionable as it may worsen muscle atrophy. Rehabilitation interventions, along with pharmacologic and dietary considerations, may be beneficial in preventing or reversing SM. Potential adverse events of some of these interventions and expected caveats in translating findings in preclinical models to human settings warrant caution and demand controlled clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Tsetlina
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterial Columbia Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ray A Stanford
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Grigory Syrkin
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katarzyna Ibanez
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Shah DN, Chorya HP, Ramesh NN, Gnanasekaram S, Patel N, Sethi Y, Kaka N. Myopathies of endocrine origin: A review for physicians. Dis Mon 2024; 70:101628. [PMID: 37718136 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Myopathies are a common manifestation of endocrine disorders. Endocrine myopathies are often overlooked while considering differential diagnoses in patients with musculoskeletal symptoms. The hindrance to mobility and the musculoskeletal discomfort owing to these myopathies are important causes of disability and depreciated quality of life in these patients. Endocrine myopathies occur due to the effects of endogenous or iatrogenic hormonal imbalance on skeletal muscle protein and glucose metabolism, disrupting the excitation-contraction coupling. Abnormalities of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and gonadal hormones have all been associated with myopathies and musculoskeletal symptoms. Endocrine myopathies can either be the complication of a secondary endocrine disorder or a presenting symptom of a missed underlying disorder. Therefore, an underlying endocrine abnormality must always be excluded in all patients with musculoskeletal symptoms. This review presents a compilation of various endocrine myopathies, their etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devarsh N Shah
- Government Medical College Baroda, India; PearResearch, India
| | | | - N Nishitha Ramesh
- PearResearch, India; Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | | | - Neil Patel
- PearResearch, India; GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Yashendra Sethi
- PearResearch, India; Government Doon Medical College, HNB Uttarakhand Medical Education University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nirja Kaka
- PearResearch, India; GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, Gujarat, India.
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Coutinho A, Fonseca N, Novo I, Faria L, Iglesias V. Corticosteroid-Induced Myopathy. Cureus 2023; 15:e49548. [PMID: 38156153 PMCID: PMC10753519 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid-induced myopathy is the most common drug-induced myopathy and could appear during the treatment of diseases where corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment. We present a clinical case of a patient treated with corticosteroids who presented with proximal muscle weakness, myalgias, marked elevation of muscle enzymes, and acute kidney injury due to rhabdomyolysis. The definitive diagnosis was only possible through a muscle biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Coutinho
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar do Médio Ave, Santo Tirso, PRT
| | - Núria Fonseca
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar do Médio Ave, Santo Tirso, PRT
| | - Isabel Novo
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar do Médio Ave, Santo Tirso, PRT
| | - Luciana Faria
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar do Médio Ave, Santo Tirso, PRT
| | - Violeta Iglesias
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar do Médio Ave, Santo Tirso, PRT
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Roge I, Kivite-Urtane A, Smane L, Meiere A, Klavina L, Barzdina E, Pavare J. Short- and mid-term outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a longitudinal prospective single-center cohort study. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1223266. [PMID: 37650048 PMCID: PMC10465300 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1223266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-c) emerged during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite the extensively studied clinical manifestation of acute condition, the short- and long-term effects of MIS-c on children's health are unknown. Methods This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Children aged <18 years who met the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) diagnostic criteria and who were admitted to the Children's Clinical University Hospital of Latvia (CCUH) between July 1, 2020, and April 15, 2022, were enrolled in the study. An outpatient follow-up program was initiated in July 2020. All children were evaluated at 2 weeks, 2 months (1-3 months), and 6 months (5-7 months) after discharge. The face-to-face interviews comprised four domains as follows: symptom assessment, physical examination, laboratory testing, and cardiological investigation [including electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography (echo)]. Results Overall, 21 patients with MIS-c were enrolled. The median age of the study group was 6 years. At the 2-week follow-up, almost half of the patients (N = 10, 47.6%) reported exercise intolerance with provoked tiredness. Laboratory tests showed a considerable increase in blood cell count, with a near doubling of leukocyte and neutrophil counts and a tripling of thrombocyte levels. However, a decline in the levels of inflammatory and organ-specific markers was observed. Cardiological investigation showed significant improvement with gradual resolution of the acute-phase pathological findings. Within 2 months, improvement in exercise capacity was observed with 5-fold and 2-fold reductions in physical intolerance (N = 2, 9.5%) and physical activity-induced fatigue (N = 5, 23.8%), respectively. Normalization of all blood cell lines was observed, and cardiological investigation showed no persistent changes. At the 6-month visit, further improvement in the children's exercise capacity was observed, and both laboratory and cardiological investigation showed no pathological changes. Conclusions Most persistent symptoms were reported within the first 2 weeks after the acute phase, with decreased physical activity tolerance and activity-induced fatigue as the main features. A positive trend was observed at each follow-up visit as the spectrum of the children's complaints decreased. Furthermore, rapid normalization of laboratory markers and cardiac abnormalities was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Roge
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Anda Kivite-Urtane
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Liene Smane
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Anija Meiere
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Lizete Klavina
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Elza Barzdina
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jana Pavare
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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Бровкина СС, Джериева ИС, Волкова НИ, Шкурат ТП, Гончарова ЗА, Машкина ЕВ, Решетников ИБ. [Association of the structure of the glucocorticoid receptor and single nucleotide NR3C1 gene polymorphisms with metabolic disorders]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2023; 69:50-58. [PMID: 36842077 PMCID: PMC9978877 DOI: 10.14341/probl13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid therapy is widely used in the treatment of various pathologies. Sensitivity to glucocorticoids (GC) has a serious impact not only on the effectiveness of their action, but also on the severity of side effects, the formation of risk factors and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Variability of sensitivity to GC causes different phenotypes and severity of metabolic disorders underlying CVD. Among them, one can distinguish a decrease in muscle mass and strength, obesity, glucose and lipid metabolism impairment, and others. Glucocorticoids carry out their effects by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and therefore this is considered a critical point in their action. This review presents data on the significance of the glucocorticoid receptor structure, examines the main single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the NR3C1 gene associated with hypersensitivity or relative resistance to glucocorticoids in the context of metabolic disorders and the development of CVD. The association of the four most studied SNP of the GR gene with metabolic risks is described in detail: BclI (rs41423247), N363S (rs56149945), ER22/23EK (rs6189/rs6190), GR-9ß (rs6198). Their determination can contribute to clarifying the prognosis of both the effectiveness of GC and the development of metabolic disorders, and subsequent early correction of CVD risk factors.
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Osaki K, Morishita S, Shimokawa T, Kamimura A, Sekiyama T, Kanehiro C, Shindo A, Shiga K, Kawata E. Physical Therapy for a Multiple Myeloma Patient with COVID-19: A Case Report. Prog Rehabil Med 2023; 8:20230007. [PMID: 36909301 PMCID: PMC9998245 DOI: 10.2490/prm.20230007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This case report describes the successful management of rehabilitation therapy for a hematological malignancy patient who was receiving chemotherapy and had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case A 76-year-old man receiving chemotherapy for relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (MM) presented to our hospital with fever and dyspnea and was hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Physical therapy (20 min/day, 5 days/week) was started on day 6 of hospitalization while the patient was receiving oxygen therapy. Conditioning exercises and movement exercises were performed in an isolation room, and blood counts, fracture susceptibility, and respiratory status were monitored. The patient was severely immunocompromised and required 34 days of isolation due to persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Physical function was assessed by manual muscle testing of the lower extremities and by the extent of lower extremity fatigue and dyspnea on exertion, as assessed using the Borg scale. Motor capacity was assessed using the de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) score and the Barthel Index (BI). Muscle weakness and severe dyspnea developed 4 days after physical therapy was started. However, physical therapy led to improvements in DEMMI score and BI. The patient was discharged home on day 43 with home medical care. Discussion Careful management of MM and COVID-19 facilitated safe treatment with physical therapy. The patient's physical function improved with a carefully planned physical therapy program. Moreover, the patient required prolonged isolation due to persistent viral shedding; however, as a result of the treatment, which was coordinated between physicians and nurses, the patient could be discharged home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Osaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morishita
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Shimokawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiho Kamimura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Sekiyama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chisaki Kanehiro
- Department of Rehabilitation, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shindo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Shiga
- Department of General Medicine, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eri Kawata
- Department of Hematology, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Toxic Myopathies. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-022-00718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Jordan M, Hensley L, Jackson M. Weakness After an Intraarticular Steroid Injection: A Case Report of Acute Steroid-Induced Myopathy. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2022.2.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Weakness is a common chief complaint in the emergency department, and the use of glucocorticoids is pervasive in medicine. Muscle weakness, or myopathy, is a well documented side effect of chronic glucocorticoid use. However, acute myopathy, with an onset shortly after initiation of glucocorticoids, is much rarer.
Case Report: We present a case of acute steroid-induced myopathy after a single intra-articular dose of triamcinolone in a young, healthy, active male. To our knowledge, this is the first case described in the medical literature of acute steroid-induced myopathy following a single intra-articular injection.
Conclusion: In a patient who presents with proximal muscle weakness and has a history of glucocorticoid use, the diagnosis of steroid-induced myopathy should be considered. Acute steroid-induced myopathy should be high on the differential in a patient who presents with typical symptoms and has been prescribed glucocorticoids for less than 14 days or, in rare cases, may have recently received a single dose of glucocorticoids. Treatment is supportive and outpatient management is typically indicated, as respiratory muscle involvement is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Jordan
- Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command, Department of Emergency Medicine, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina
| | - Lauren Hensley
- Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command, Department of Internal Medicine, Portsmouth, Virginia
| | - Michael Jackson
- Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command, Department of Emergency Medicine, Portsmouth, Virginia
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10
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Saishoji Y, Izumi Y, Otsuka Y, Yura H. COVID-19 with baricitinib-induced symptomatic creatinine kinase elevation. QJM 2022; 115:155-156. [PMID: 35026023 PMCID: PMC9383256 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Saishoji
- Address correspondence to Dr Y. Saishoji, Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Kubara 1001-1, Nagasaki, Omura 856-8562, Japan.
| | - Y Izumi
- From the Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Kubara 2-1001-1, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
| | - Y Otsuka
- From the Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Kubara 2-1001-1, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
| | - H Yura
- Department of Respiratory disease, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Kubara 2-1001-1, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
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11
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OUP accepted manuscript. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:437-450. [PMID: 35782648 PMCID: PMC9244226 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are clinically severe respiratory disorders, and there are currently no Food and Drug Administration-approved drug therapies. It is of great interest to us that dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether DMF could alleviate lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALI, and to explore its mechanism of action. Materials and methods We established a mice model of ALI with intratracheal instillation of LPS and intraperitoneal injection of DMF to treat ALI. The pathological damage and inflammatory response of lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, ELISA assay and western blot. ATP plus LPS was used for the establishment of ALI in vitro model, the therapeutic effects of DMF was explored by ELISA assay, RT-qPCR, western blot, and flow cytometry, and the therapeutic mechanisms of DMF was explored by administration of Brusatol (BT), a nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibitor. Results We found that intraperitoneal injection of DMF significantly reduced LPS-induced the pulmonary injury, pulmonary edema, and infiltration of inflammatory mediators. In LPS-induced ALI, NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis was markedly activated, followed by cleavage of caspase-1 and GSDMD. DMF inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in both lung of ALI mice and ATP plus LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells. Mechanistically, DMF enhanced expressions of Nrf2, leading to inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome and reduced pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, BT reduced the inhibitory effects of DMF on NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis, and consequently blocked the improvement roles of DMF on ALI. Conclusions DMF could improve LPS-induced ALI via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis, and that these effects were mediated by triggering Nrf2 expression, suggesting a therapeutic potential of DMF as an anti-inflammatory agent for ALI/ARDS treatment.
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Gutschmidt K, Schoser B. Erworbene Myopathien und ihre neuen Therapien. DIE NEUROLOGIE & PSYCHIATRIE 2022; 23. [PMCID: PMC9713102 DOI: 10.1007/s15202-022-5546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Gutschmidt
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Neurologische Klinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1a, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Klinikum der Universität München, Friedrich Baur-Institut / Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ziemssenstraße 1a, 80336 München, Germany
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13
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Hu Y, Lu C, Lin H. Concurrence of osteonecrosis and steroid myopathy secondary to oral steroid therapy in a patient with ABCB1 gene polymorphisms: A case report. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1016687. [PMID: 36277691 PMCID: PMC9585659 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1016687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in various autoimmune diseases. Side effects may occur in patients with long-term or high-dose GC usage. Among them, steroid myopathy and osteonecrosis are two severe forms. We report a patient with pemphigus vulgaris on GC-treatment who developed muscle weakness when a cumulative dose of methylprednisolone reached about 20g (14-80mg/d for 2.5 years). Laboratory tests showed slightly elevated lactate dehydrogenase and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. MRI revealed osteonecrosis in the femoral head, distal femur, and proximal tibia of both legs. The biopsy of the right quadriceps revealed atrophy of type II myofiber without leukocyte infiltration, which was suggestive of steroid myopathy. Genotyping of the patient showed 5G/5G genotype of the PAI-1 gene and CC genotype of the ABCB1 gene (C3435T), suggesting she was sensitive to GCs. The patient's lesions were considered to be GC-induced adverse events, which were improved with tapering GC. Therefore, it is important to recognize steroid-induced musculoskeletal side effects and genotyping favors personalized medication.
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Bose S, Madke B. A comprehensive review of immunosuppressive drugs in pediatric dermatoses: Part I - Corticosteroids, azathioprine, and cyclosporine-A. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_83_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Pillittere J, Mian S, Richardson TE, Perl A. Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Toxic Myopathy Causing Diaphragmatic Weakness and Lung Collapse Requiring Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021; 8:2324709620950113. [PMID: 32787461 PMCID: PMC7427040 DOI: 10.1177/2324709620950113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A 42-year-old woman with juvenile idiopathic arthritis was treated with anakinra, corticosteroids, and hydroxychloroquine when she developed chronic hypoxic respiratory myopathy. She was admitted to the intensive care unit for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure and required prolonged intubation, subsequent tracheostomy, and long-term ventilatory support due to multiple failed spontaneous breathing trials after discontinuation of anakinra and steroids. Muscle biopsy revealed type II fiber atrophy with the accumulation of autophagosomes and vacuoles presenting as curvilinear bodies, elevated MHC class I antigen expression, and infiltration by CD68+ macrophages and CD8+ T cells. Type II fiber atrophy was attributed to corticosteroid use and curvilinear bodies due to blockade of autophagy by hydroxychloroquine. After hydroxychloroquine was discontinued, the patient recovered to her prehospitalization baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Pillittere
- State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Sundus Mian
- State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Andras Perl
- State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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6-month multidisciplinary follow-up and outcomes of patients with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS-TS) at a UK tertiary paediatric hospital: a retrospective cohort study. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2021; 5:473-482. [PMID: 34043958 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(21)00138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) is a new, rare, post-infectious complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. We aimed to describe the 6-month outcomes of PIMS-TS. METHODS This retrospective cohort study comprised children (aged <18 years) who fulfilled the UK Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) diagnostic criteria for PIMS-TS and were admitted to Great Ormond Street Hospital (London, UK) between April 4 and Sept 1, 2020. Patients were followed up by a multidisciplinary team of specialists at 6 weeks and 6 months after admission. Biochemical and functional outcomes were analysed. FINDINGS 46 children were included in this study. The median age at presentation was 10·2 years (IQR 8·8-13·3), 30 (65%) patients were male and 16 (35%) were female, 37 (80%) were from minority ethnic groups, and eight (17%) had pre-existing comorbidities. All patients had elevated markers of systemic inflammation at baseline. None of the patients died. By 6 months, systemic inflammation was resolved in all but one patient. 38 (90%) of 42 patients who had positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies within 6 weeks of admission remained seropositive at 6 months. Echocardiograms were normal in 44 (96%) of 46 patients by 6 months, and gastrointestinal symptoms that were reported in 45 (98%) of 46 patients at onset were present in six (13%) of 46 patients at 6 months. Renal, haematological, and otolaryngological findings largely resolved by 6 months. Although minor abnormalities were identified on neurological examination in 24 (52%) of 46 patients at 6 weeks and in 18 (39%) of 46 at 6 months, we found minimal functional impairment at 6 months (median Expanded Disability Status Scale score 0 [IQR 0-1]). Median manual muscle test-8 scores improved from 53 (IQR 43-64) during hospital admission to 80 (IQR 68-80) at 6 months, but 18 (45%) of 40 patients showed 6-min walk test results below the third centile for their age or sex at 6 months. PedsQL responses revealed severe emotional difficulties at 6 months (seven [18%] of 38 by parental report and eight [22%] of 38 by self report). 45 (98%) of 46 patients were back in full-time education (virtually or face to face) by 6 months. INTERPRETATION Despite initial severe illness, few organ-specific sequelae were observed at 6 months. Ongoing concerns requiring physical re-conditioning and mental health support remained, and physiotherapy assessments revealed persisting poor exercise tolerance. Longer-term follow-up will help define the extended natural history of PIMS-TS. FUNDING None.
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Sagarra-Romero L, Viñas-Barros A. COVID-19: Short and Long-Term Effects of Hospitalization on Muscular Weakness in the Elderly. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238715. [PMID: 33255233 PMCID: PMC7727674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has recently been the cause of a global public health emergency. Frequently, elderly patients experience a marked loss of muscle mass and strength during hospitalization, resulting in a significant functional decline. This paper describes the impact of prolonged immobilization and current pharmacological treatments on muscular metabolism. In addition, the scientific evidence for an early strength intervention, neuromuscular electrical stimulation or the application of heat therapy during hospitalization to help prevent COVID-19 functional sequels is analyzed. This review remarks the need to: (1) determine which potential pharmacological interventions have a negative impact on muscle quality and quantity; (2) define a feasible and reliable pharmacological protocol to achieve a balance between desired and undesired medication effects in the treatment of this novel disease; (3) implement practical strategies to reduce muscle weakness during bed rest hospitalization and (4) develop a specific, early and safe protocol-based care of functional interventions for older adults affected by COVID-19 during and after hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Sagarra-Romero
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Maramattom BV, Meleth HA. Acute Painful Reversible Steroid Myopathy with IV Methylprednisolone. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020; 24:257-259. [PMID: 34220077 PMCID: PMC8232499 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_200_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boby Varkey Maramattom
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care, Aster Med City, Kothad, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Hanna Angel Meleth
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care, Aster Med City, Kothad, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Mokra D, Mikolka P, Kosutova P, Mokry J. Corticosteroids in Acute Lung Injury: The Dilemma Continues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194765. [PMID: 31557974 PMCID: PMC6801694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) represents a serious heterogenous pulmonary disorder with high mortality. Despite improved understanding of the pathophysiology, the efficacy of standard therapies such as lung-protective mechanical ventilation, prone positioning and administration of neuromuscular blocking agents is limited. Recent studies have shown some benefits of corticosteroids (CS). Prolonged use of CS can shorten duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of hospitalization or improve oxygenation, probably because of a wide spectrum of potentially desired actions including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, pulmonary vasodilator and anti-oedematous effects. However, the results from experimental vs. clinical studies as well as among the clinical trials are often controversial, probably due to differences in the designs of the trials. Thus, before the use of CS in ARDS can be definitively confirmed or refused, the additional studies should be carried on to determine the most appropriate dosing, timing and choice of CS and to analyse the potential risks of CS administration in various groups of patients with ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mokra
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia; (P.M.); (P.K.)
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-43-263-3454
| | - Pavol Mikolka
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia; (P.M.); (P.K.)
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Petra Kosutova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia; (P.M.); (P.K.)
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Juraj Mokry
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia;
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
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20
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Simon NG. A new diagnostic tool for the detection of steroid myopathy. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:1407-1408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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