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Xu J, He C, Cai Y, Wang X, Yan J, Zhang J, Zhang F, Urbonaviciute V, Cheng Y, Lu S, Holmdahl R. NCF4 regulates antigen presentation of cysteine peptides by intracellular oxidative response and restricts activation of autoreactive and arthritogenic T cells. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103132. [PMID: 38547647 PMCID: PMC11096609 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematous, are regulated by polymorphisms in genes contributing to the NOX2 complex. Mutations in both Ncf1 and Ncf4 affect development of arthritis in experimental models of RA, but the different regulatory pathways mediated by NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) have not yet been clarified. Here we address the possibility that intracellular ROS, regulated by the NCF4 protein (earlier often denoted p40phox) which interacts with endosomal membranes, could play an important role in the oxidation of cysteine peptides in mononuclear phagocytic cells, thereby regulating antigen presentation and activation of arthritogenic T cells. To study the role of NCF4 we used mice with an amino acid replacing mutation (NCF4R58A), which is known to affect interaction with endosomal membranes, leading to decreased intracellular ROS production. To study the impact of NCF4 on T cell activation, we used the glucose phosphate isomerase peptide GPI325-339, which contains two cysteine residues (325-339c-c). Macrophages from mice with the NCF458A mutation efficiently presented the peptide when the two cysteines were intact and not crosslinked, leading to a strong arthritogenic T cell response. T cell priming occurred in the draining lymph nodes (LNs) within 8 days after immunization. Clodronate treatment, which depletes antigen-presenting mononuclear phagocytes, ameliorated arthritis severity, whereas treatment with FYT720, which traps activated T cells in LNs, prohibited arthritis. We conclude that NCF4-dependent intracellular ROS maintains cysteine peptides in an oxidized crosslinked state, which prevents presentation of peptides recognized by non-tolerized T cells and thereby protects against autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, and Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chang He
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Schoole of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yongsong Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jidong Yan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Vilma Urbonaviciute
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, and Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, and Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ferreira-Silva M, Faria-Silva C, Viana Baptista P, Fernandes E, Ramos Fernandes A, Corvo ML. Liposomal Nanosystems in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040454. [PMID: 33801603 PMCID: PMC8065723 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints and results in reduced patient quality of life due to its chronic nature and several comorbidities. RA is also associated with a high socioeconomic burden. Currently, several available therapies minimize symptoms and prevent disease progression. However, more effective treatments are needed due to current therapies' severe side-effects, especially under long-term use. Drug delivery systems have demonstrated their clinical importance-with several nanocarriers present in the market-due to their capacity to improve therapeutic drug index, for instance, by enabling passive or active targeting. The first to achieve market authorization were liposomes that still represent a considerable part of approved delivery systems. In this manuscript, we review the role of liposomes in RA treatment, address preclinical studies and clinical trials, and discuss factors that could hamper a successful clinical translation. We also suggest some alterations that could potentially improve their progression to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Ferreira-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.F.-S.); (C.F.-S.)
| | - Catarina Faria-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.F.-S.); (C.F.-S.)
| | - Pedro Viana Baptista
- Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV, REQUIMTE), Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Alexandra Ramos Fernandes
- Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (A.R.F.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Maria Luísa Corvo
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.F.-S.); (C.F.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.F.); (M.L.C.)
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Moentadj R, Wang Y, Bowerman K, Rehaume L, Nel H, O Cuiv P, Stephens J, Baharom A, Maradana M, Lakis V, Morrison M, Wells T, Hugenholtz P, Benham H, Le Cao KA, Thomas R. Streptococcus species enriched in the oral cavity of patients with RA are a source of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers that can induce arthritis in mice. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:573-581. [PMID: 33397732 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Analysis of oral dysbiosis in individuals sharing genetic and environmental risk factors with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients may illuminate how microbiota contribute to disease susceptibility. We studied the oral microbiota in a prospective cohort of patients with RA, first-degree relatives (FDR) and healthy controls (HC), then genomically and functionally characterised streptococcal species from each group to understand their potential contribution to RA development. METHODS After DNA extraction from tongue swabs, targeted 16S rRNA gene sequencing and statistical analysis, we defined a microbial dysbiosis score based on an operational taxonomic unit signature of disease. After selective culture from swabs, we identified streptococci by sequencing. We examined the ability of streptococcal cell walls (SCW) from isolates to induce cytokines from splenocytes and arthritis in ZAP-70-mutant SKG mice. RESULTS RA and FDR were more likely to have periodontitis symptoms. An oral microbial dysbiosis score discriminated RA and HC subjects and predicted similarity of FDR to RA. Streptococcaceae were major contributors to the score. We identified 10 out of 15 streptococcal isolates as S. parasalivarius sp. nov., a distinct sister species to S. salivarius. Tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 6 production in vitro differed in response to individual S. parasalivarius isolates, suggesting strain specific effects on innate immunity. Cytokine secretion was associated with the presence of proteins potentially involved in S. parasalivarius SCW synthesis. Systemic administration of SCW from RA and HC-associated S. parasalivarius strains induced similar chronic arthritis. CONCLUSIONS Dysbiosis-associated periodontal inflammation and barrier dysfunction may permit arthritogenic insoluble pro-inflammatory pathogen-associated molecules, like SCW, to reach synovial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Moentadj
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Melbourne Integrative Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Bowerman
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland - Saint Lucia Campus, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Linda Rehaume
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hendrik Nel
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paraic O Cuiv
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Current address: Microba Life Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Juliette Stephens
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amalina Baharom
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Muralidhara Maradana
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vanessa Lakis
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy Wells
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland - Saint Lucia Campus, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen Benham
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Rheumatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kim-Anh Le Cao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Melbourne Integrative Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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Nanomaterials for direct and indirect immunomodulation: A review of applications. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 142:105139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Sabir F, Farooq RK, Asim.ur.Rehman, Ahmed N. Monocyte as an Emerging Tool for Targeted Drug Delivery: A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5296-5312. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190102104642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are leading component of the mononuclear phagocytic system that play a key role in phagocytosis and removal of several kinds of microbes from the body. Monocytes are bone marrow precursor cells that stay in the blood for a few days and migrate towards tissues where they differentiate into macrophages. Monocytes can be used as a carrier for delivery of active agents into tissues, where other carriers have no significant access. Targeting monocytes is possible both through passive and active targeting, the former one is simply achieved by enhanced permeation and retention effect while the later one by attachment of ligands on the surface of the lipid-based particulate system. Monocytes have many receptors e.g., mannose, scavenger, integrins, cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). The ligands used against these receptors are peptides, lectins, antibodies, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. This review encloses extensive introduction of monocytes as a suitable carrier system for drug delivery, the design of lipid-based carrier system, possible ways for delivery of therapeutics to monocytes, and the role of monocytes in the treatment of life compromising diseases such as cancer, inflammation, stroke, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhara Sabir
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Rai K. Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim.ur.Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Methods for Testing Immunological Factors. DRUG DISCOVERY AND EVALUATION: PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSAYS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7122208 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity reactions can be elicited by various factors: either immunologically induced, i.e., allergic reactions to natural or synthetic compounds mediated by IgE, or non-immunologically induced, i.e., activation of mediator release from cells through direct contact, without the induction of, or the mediation through immune responses. Mediators responsible for hypersensitivity reactions are released from mast cells. An important preformed mediator of allergic reactions found in these cells is histamine. Specific allergens or the calcium ionophore 48/80 induce release of histamine from mast cells. The histamine concentration can be determined with the o-phthalaldehyde reaction.
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Application of liposomes in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: quo vadis. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:978351. [PMID: 24688450 PMCID: PMC3932268 DOI: 10.1155/2014/978351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common treatments for rheumatoid arthritis include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and some biological agents. However, none of the treatments available is able to achieve the ultimate goal of treatment, that is, drug-free remission. This limitation has shifted the focus of treatment to delivery strategies with an ability to deliver the drugs into the synovial cavity in the proper dosage while mitigating side effects to other tissues. A number of approaches like microemulsions, microspheres, liposomes, microballoons, cocrystals, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, microsponges, and so forth, have been used for intrasynovial delivery of these drugs. Amongst these, liposomes have proven to be very effective for retaining the drug in the synovial cavity by virtue of their size and chemical composition. The fast clearance of intra-synovially administered drugs can be overcome by use of liposomes leading to increased uptake of drugs by the target synovial cells, which in turn reduces the exposure of nontarget sites and eliminates most of the undesirable effects associated with therapy. This review focuses on the use of liposomes in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and summarizes data relating to the liposome formulations of various drugs. It also discusses emerging trends of this promising technology.
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Wu BJ, Ong KL, Shrestha S, Chen K, Tabet F, Barter PJ, Rye KA. Inhibition of arthritis in the Lewis rat by apolipoprotein A-I and reconstituted high-density lipoproteins. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 34:543-51. [PMID: 24357062 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study questions whether high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and apolipoprotein A-I inhibit joint inflammation in streptococcal cell wall peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS)-induced arthritis in female Lewis rats. APPROACH AND RESULTS Administration of PG-PS to female Lewis rats caused acute joint inflammation after 4 days, followed by remission by day 8. The animals subsequently developed chronic joint inflammation that persisted until euthanasia at day 21. Treatment with apolipoprotein A-I 24 hours before and 24 hours after PG-PS administration reduced the acute and chronic joint inflammation. Treatment with apolipoprotein A-I at days 7, 9, and 11 after PG-PS administration reduced the chronic joint inflammation. Treatment with apolipoprotein A-I or reconstituted HDLs consisting of apolipoprotein A-I complexed with phosphatidylcholine 24 hours before and at days 1, 7, 9, and 11 after PG-PS administration reduced acute and chronic joint inflammation. Treatment with apolipoprotein A-I also reduced the inflammatory white blood cell count, synovial fluid proinflammatory cytokine levels, synovial tissue macrophage accumulation, as well as toll-like receptor 2, and inflammatory cytokine expression. At the molecular level, preincubation of human monocyte-derived macrophages with apolipoprotein A-I or reconstituted HDLs before PG-PS stimulation inhibited the PG-PS-induced increase in toll-like receptor 2 and myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88) mRNA levels, nuclear factor-κB activation, and proinflammatory cytokine production. The effects of apolipoprotein A-I and reconstituted HDLs were abolished by transfecting the human monocyte-derived macrophages with ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 or G1 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Apolipoprotein A-I and reconstituted HDLs attenuate PG-PS-induced arthritis in the rat. Studies in human monocyte-derived macrophages indicate that this benefit may be because of the inhibition of toll-like receptor 2 expression and decreased nuclear factor-κB activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Wu
- From the Lipid Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (B.J.W., K.L.O., S.S., K.C., F.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (B.J.W., K.L.O., F.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.); and Centre for Vascular Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (B.J.W., K.L.O., S.S., F.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
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Abstract
Nanotechnology uses the unique properties of objects that function as a unit within the overall size range of 1-1,000 nanometres. The engineering of nanostructure materials, including nanoparticles, nanoemulsions or nanotubules, holds great promise for the development of new immunomodulatory agents, as such nanostructures can be used to more effectively manipulate or deliver immunologically active components to target sites. Successful applications of nanotechnology in the field of immunology will enable new generations of vaccines, adjuvants and immunomodulatory drugs that aim to improve clinical outcomes in response to a range of infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Jain S, Doshi AS, Iyer AK, Amiji MM. Multifunctional nanoparticles for targeting cancer and inflammatory diseases. J Drug Target 2013; 21:888-903. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.832769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Biomedical applications of bisphosphonates. J Control Release 2013; 167:175-88. [PMID: 23395668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery over 100 years ago, bisphosphonates have been used industrially as corrosion inhibitors and complexing agents. With the discovery of their pharmacological activity in the late 1960s, implicating their high affinity for hydroxyapatite, bisphosphonates have been employed in the treatment of bone diseases and as targeting agents for colloids and drugs. They have notably been investigated for the treatment of Paget's disease, osteoporosis, bone metastases, malignancy-associated hypercalcemia, and pediatric bone diseases. Currently, they are first-line medications for several of these diseases and are taken by millions of patients worldwide, mostly postmenopausal women. A major problem associated with their use is their low oral bioavailability. Several delivery systems have been proposed to improve their absorption and to direct them to sites other than bone tissues. Beyond their important pharmacological role, the medical applications of bisphosphonates are numerous. In addition, their metal-chelating properties have been exploited to coat and stabilize implants, nanoparticulates, and contrast agents. In this contribution, we review the pharmacological and clinical uses of bisphosphonates and highlight their novel applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
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Peer D. Immunotoxicity derived from manipulating leukocytes with lipid-based nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1738-48. [PMID: 22820531 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) such as liposomes, micelles, and hybrid systems (e.g. lipid-polymer) are prominent delivery vehicles that already made an impact on the lives of millions around the globe. A common denominator of all these LNP-based platforms is to deliver drugs into specific tissues or cells in a pathological setting with minimal adverse effects on bystander cells. All these platforms must be compatible to the physiological environment and prevent undesirable interactions with the immune system. Avoiding immune stimulation or suppression is an important consideration when developing new strategies in drug and gene delivery, whereas in adjuvants for vaccine therapies, immune activation is desired. Therefore, profound understanding of how LNPs elicit immune responses is essential for the optimization of these systems for various biomedical applications. Herein, I describe general concepts of the immune system and the interaction of subsets of leukocytes with LNPs. Finally, I detail the different immune toxicities reported and propose ways to manipulate leukocytes' functions using LNPs.
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Sharma P, Pathak K. Are biological targets the final goal for rheumatoid arthritis therapy? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:1611-22. [PMID: 22954024 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.721769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disorder that is characterized by inflammation of synovial membrane and the release of inflammatory cytokines that ultimately results in joint destruction and disability. The therapeutic treatment plan for treating RA patient initiates with disease-modifying antirheumatic agents (DMARDs) and ends with the use of biological agents. Sometimes a combination of DMARDs and the biological agents are aggressively initiated. But this is not sufficient to retard the underlying progression of the disease and hence the disease-associated pain persists. The solution lies in the treatment of causative factors. Modern therapy aims at targeting newer target sites that can not only overcome the problem of pain and disability but also minimize the occurrence of adverse effects faced by the traditional therapeutic approach. AREAS COVERED This review covers the pathological background of the disease in brief, the traditional and newer biologicals, therapeutic targets and novel therapies for rheumatoid arthritis. EXPERT OPINION Better management of the disease can be achieved by focusing on the causes and the factors of the disease. Newer therapies and targeting sites discussed in this review focus on treating the disability at the cellular level without affecting body's immune response and minimizing the chances of infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Yuan F, Quan LD, Cui L, Goldring SR, Wang D. Development of macromolecular prodrug for rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1205-19. [PMID: 22433784 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is considered to be one of the major public health problems worldwide. The development of therapies that target tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and co-stimulatory pathways that regulate the immune system have revolutionized the care of patients with RA. Despite these advances, many patients continue to experience symptomatic and functional impairment. To address this issue, more recent therapies that have been developed are designed to target intracellular signaling pathways involved in immunoregulation. Though this approach has been encouraging, there have been major challenges with respect to off-target organ side effects and systemic toxicities related to the widespread distribution of these signaling pathways in multiple cell types and tissues. These limitations have led to an increasing interest in the development of strategies for the macromolecularization of anti-rheumatic drugs, which could target them to the inflamed joints. This approach enhances the efficacy of the therapeutic agent with respect to synovial inflammation, while markedly reducing non-target organ adverse side effects. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive overview of the rational design and optimization of macromolecular prodrugs for treatment of RA. The superior and the sustained efficacy of the prodrug may be partially attributed to their Extravasation through Leaky Vasculature and subsequent Inflammatory cell-mediated Sequestration (ELVIS) in the arthritic joints. This biologic process provides a plausible mechanism, by which macromolecular prodrugs preferentially target arthritic joints and illustrates the potential benefits of applying this therapeutic strategy to the treatment of other inflammatory diseases.
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Gutman D, Epstein-Barash H, Tsuriel M, Golomb G. Alendronate liposomes for antitumor therapy: activation of γδ T cells and inhibition of tumor growth. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 733:165-79. [PMID: 22101722 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2555-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Circulating γδ T cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that are unique to primates. Recent -studies have shown that amino-bisphosphonates (nBP) activate γδ T cells to kill tumor cells in an indirect mechanism, which requires antigen presenting cells (APC). We hypothesized that selective targeting of nBP to monocytes would result in a more potent γδ T cells activation in circulation, and in tissue associated macrophages (TAM) following monocytes-laden drug extravasation and liposomes accumulation at the tumor site. In addition, inhibition of TAM by alendronate liposomes (ALN-L) is expected. ALN was targeted exclusively to monocytes, but not to lymphocytes, by encapsulating it in negatively-charged liposomes. The proportion of human γd-T cells in the CD3(+) population following treatment with ALN-L or the free drug was increased, from 5.6 ± 0.4% to 50.9 ;± 12.2% and 49.5 ± 12.9%, respectively. ALN solution and liposomes treatments resulted in an increased, and in a dose dependent manner, TNFα secretion from h-PBMC. Preliminary results showed that ALN-L inhibited tumor growth in a nude mouse breast tumor model. It is suggested that enhanced activation of γδ T cells could be obtained due to interaction with circulating monocytes as well as by TAM endocytosing liposomal nBP leading to a potentiated anti-tumor effect of nBP. It should be noted that this could be validated only in primates/humans since γδ T cells are unique in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikla Gutman
- Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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16
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Landesman-Milo D, Peer D. Altering the immune response with lipid-based nanoparticles. J Control Release 2011; 161:600-8. [PMID: 22230342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) hold great promise as delivery vectors in the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and infections and are already used in clinical practice. Numerous strategies based on LNPs are being developed to carry drugs into specific target sites. The common denominator for all of these LNPs-based platforms is to improve the payloads' pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, stability and therapeutic benefit, and to reduce to minimal adverse effects. In addition, the delivery system must be biocompatible and non-toxic and avoid undesirable interactions with the immune system. In order to achieve optimal benefits from these delivery strategies, interactions with the immune system must be thoroughly investigated. This report will center on the interactions of LNPs with different subsets of leukocytes and will detail representative examples of suppression or activation of the immune system by these carriers. By understanding the interactions of LNPs with the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune system it might be possible to attain improved therapeutic benefits and to avoid immune toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalit Landesman-Milo
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Dept. of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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17
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18
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Illig CR, Manthey CL, Wall MJ, Meegalla SK, Chen J, Wilson KJ, Ballentine SK, DesJarlais RL, Schubert C, Crysler CS, Chen Y, Molloy CJ, Chaikin MA, Donatelli RR, Yurkow E, Zhou Z, Player MR, Tomczuk BE. Optimization of a Potent Class of Arylamide Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Inhibitors Leading to Anti-inflammatory Clinical Candidate 4-Cyano-N-[2-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-4-[1-[(dimethylamino)acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]phenyl]-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide (JNJ-28312141). J Med Chem 2011; 54:7860-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200900q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl R. Illig
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Carl L. Manthey
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Mark J. Wall
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Sanath K. Meegalla
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Wilson
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Shelley K. Ballentine
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Renee L. DesJarlais
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Carsten Schubert
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Carl S. Crysler
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Yanmin Chen
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Christopher J. Molloy
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Margery A. Chaikin
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Robert R. Donatelli
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Edward Yurkow
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Zhao Zhou
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Mark R. Player
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Bruce E. Tomczuk
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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19
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van den Hoven JM, Van Tomme SR, Metselaar JM, Nuijen B, Beijnen JH, Storm G. Liposomal drug formulations in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1002-15. [PMID: 21634436 DOI: 10.1021/mp2000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Low bioavailability, high clearance rates and limited selectivity of several important drugs used for RA treatment require high and frequent dosing to achieve sufficient therapeutic efficacy. However, high doses also increase the risk for systemic side effects. The use of liposomes as drug carriers may increase the therapeutic index of these antirheumatic drugs. Liposomal physicochemical properties can be changed to optimize penetration through biological barriers and retention at the site of administration, and to prevent premature degradation and toxicity to nontarget tissues. Optimal liposomal properties depend on the administration route: large-sized liposomes show good retention upon local injection, small-sized liposomes are better suited to achieve passive targeting. PEGylation reduces the uptake of the liposomes by liver and spleen, and increases the circulation time, resulting in increased localization at the inflamed site due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Additionally liposomal surfaces can be modified to achieve selective delivery of the encapsulated drug to specific target cells in RA. This review gives an overview of liposomal drug formulations studied in a preclinical setting as well as in clinical practice. It covers the use of liposomes for existing antirheumatic drugs as well as for new possible treatment strategies for RA. Both local administration of liposomal depot formulations and intravenous administration of passively and actively targeted liposomes are reviewed.
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Chrastina A, Massey KA, Schnitzer JE. Overcoming in vivo barriers to targeted nanodelivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 3:421-37. [PMID: 21538941 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been investigated as promising nanocarriers for delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents for several decades, but have met with limited success. Although enormous progress in the fields of nanotechnology and nanoscience has been achieved, basic discoveries have not yet translated into effective targeted therapies. Nanoparticles can potentially improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs; however, the complexity of in vivo systems imposes multiple barriers that severely inhibit efficiency and have to be overcome to fully exploit the theoretical potential of nanoparticles. Here, we address two major challenges to effective systemic nanodelivery. Both limited penetration across the vascular endothelium and uptake by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) substantially impede effectiveness of nanoparticle delivery into tissues. Although the design of nanoparticles with extended circulation half-life is essential, it is not sufficient for effective penetration of nanoparticles across the formidable barrier formed by the vascular endothelium. Current nanodelivery systems rely on passive transvascular exchange and tissue accumulation. They require high dosages to create large concentration gradients that drive nanoparticles passively across the blood-tissue interface. However, passive accumulation has resulted in only a fractional dosage of nanoparticles penetrating into target tissue. This inevitably diminishes therapeutic efficacy and aggravates potential side effects. Although there are multiple ways to augment passive delivery, active delivery of targeted nanoparticles across the vascular endothelium could significantly increase the therapeutic index and decrease side effects of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. Use of active transendothelial transport pathways, such as caveolae, may provide an effective solution to both target and deliver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Chrastina
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
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21
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Targeted liposomal drug delivery to monocytes and macrophages. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2010; 2011:727241. [PMID: 21512579 PMCID: PMC3065850 DOI: 10.1155/2011/727241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As the role of monocytes and macrophages in a range of diseases is better understood, strategies to target these cell types are of growing importance both scientifically and therapeutically. As particulate carriers, liposomes naturally target cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS), particularly macrophages. Loading drugs into liposomes can therefore offer an efficient means of drug targeting to MPS cells. Physicochemical properties including size, charge and lipid composition can have a very significant effect on the efficiency with which liposomes target MPS cells. MPS cells express a range of receptors including scavenger receptors, integrins, mannose receptors and Fc-receptors that can be targeted by the addition of ligands to liposome surfaces. These ligands include peptides, antibodies and lectins and have the advantages of increasing target specificity and avoiding the need for cationic lipids to trigger intracellular delivery. The goal for targeting monocytes/macrophages using liposomes includes not only drug delivery but also potentially a role in cell ablation and cell activation for the treatment of conditions including cancer, atherosclerosis, HIV, and chronic inflammation.
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Abstract
Innate immunity, with macrophages playing a central role, is critically important in the pathogenesis of RA. Although environmental insults such as smoking have been implicated in the initiation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients who express the shared epitope, the understanding of the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of this disease is also expanding. As the understanding continues to expand, enticing targets for new therapeutic interventions continue to be identified. This article focuses on cells of myelomonocytic origin, their receptors, and factors that interact with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Gierut
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 East Huron Street, McGaw M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Haber E, Afergan E, Epstein H, Gutman D, Koroukhov N, Ben-David M, Schachter M, Golomb G. Route of administration-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of liposomal alendronate. J Control Release 2010; 148:226-33. [PMID: 20813142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 08/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity and inflammation are of major importance in various pathological conditions. Intravenous (IV) and intraperitoneal (IP) liposomal alendronate (LA) treatments have been shown to deplete circulating monocytes and peritoneal macrophages resulting in the inhibition of restenosis and endometriosis (EM), respectively. Nevertheless, the correlation between the extent of circulating monocyte depletion and liposome biodistribution is unknown, and the route of administration-dependent bioactivity in restenosis and EM has not been determined. We found that, LA treatment resulted in a dose-response modified biodistribution following both IV and IP administrations. The biodistribution of high-dose LA (10mg/kg), but not that of the low-dose (1mg/kg), was similar in healthy and diseased animals. It is concluded that LA impedes its own elimination from the circulation by depleting circulating monocytes and/or inhibiting their endocytic activity, in a dose-dependent manner. Both IV and IP administration of LA mediated by the partial and transient depletion of circulating monocytes effected inhibition of restenosis. Inhibition of EM was effected only by IP administration, which depleted both intraperitoneal and circulating monocytes. Thus, EM should be considered as a local inflammatory condition with systemic manifestations as opposed to restenosis, a systemic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Haber
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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24
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Dong L, Xia S, Chen H, Chen J, Zhang J. Anti-arthritis activity of cationic materials. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 14:2015-24. [PMID: 19538477 PMCID: PMC3823283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic materials exhibit remarkable anti-inflammatory activity in experimental arthritis models. Our aim was to confirm this character of cationic materials and investigate its possible mechanism. Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) models were used to test cationic materials for their anti-inflammatory activity. Cationic dextran (C-dextran) with different cationic degrees was used to investigate the influence of the cationic elements of materials on their anti-inflammatory ability. Peritoneal macrophages and spleen cells were used to test the expression of cytokines stimulated by cationic materials. Interferon (IFN)-gamma receptor-deficient mice and macrophage-depleted rats were used to examine the possible mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity of cationic materials. In AIA models, different cationic materials shared similar anti-inflammatory characters. The anti-inflammatory activity of C-dextran increased with as the cationic degree increased. Cationic materials stimulated interleukin (IL)-12 expression in peritoneal macrophages, and strong stimulation of IFN-gamma secretion was subsequently observed in spleen cells. In vivo experiments revealed that circulating IL-12 and IFN-gamma were enhanced by the cationic materials. Using IFN-gamma receptor knockout mice and macrophage-depleted rats, we found that IFN-gamma and macrophages played key roles in the anti-inflammatory activity of the materials towards cells. We also found that neutrophil infiltration at inflammatory sites was reduced when AIA animals were treated with C-dextran. We propose that cationic signals act through an unknown receptor on macrophages to induce IL-12 secretion, and that IL-12 promotes the expression of IFN-gamma by natural killer cells (or T cells). The resulting elevated systemic levels of IFN-gamma inhibit arthritis development by preventing neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
| | - Suhua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Diabetes Center, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nano-Technology, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
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25
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Ulbrich W, Lamprecht A. Targeted drug-delivery approaches by nanoparticulate carriers in the therapy of inflammatory diseases. J R Soc Interface 2009; 7 Suppl 1:S55-66. [PMID: 19940000 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2009.0285.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Limitations in therapy induced by adverse effects due to unselective drug availability and therefore the use of potentially too high doses are a common problem. One prominent example for this dilemma are inflammatory diseases. Colloidal carriers allow one to improve delivery of drugs to the site of action and appear promising to overcome this general therapeutic drawback. Specific uptake of nanoparticles by immune-related cells in inflamed barriers offers selective drug targeting to the inflamed tissue. Here we focus on nanocarrier-based drug delivery strategies for the treatment of common inflammatory disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, uveitis or inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Ulbrich
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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26
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Perruche S, Saas P, Chen W. Apoptotic cell-mediated suppression of streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis is associated with alteration of macrophage function and local regulatory T-cell increase: a potential cell-based therapy? Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R104. [PMID: 19570235 PMCID: PMC2745779 DOI: 10.1186/ar2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Experimental streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis is characterized by two successive phases of the disease. The acute phase occurs early and is associated with an inflammatory process and neutrophil infiltration into the synovium. The second chronic phase is related to effector T-cell activation and the dysregulation of macrophage function. Creation of an immunomodulatory environment has been attributed to apoptotic cells themselves, apoptotic cell uptake by phagocytes as well as a less sensibility of phagocytes capturing apoptotic bodies to activation. Therefore we evaluated the potential of apoptotic cell injection to influence the course of inflammation in SCW-induced arthritis in rats. Methods Rat apoptotic thymocytes were injected intraperitoneally (2 × 108) in addition to an arthritogenic dose of systemic SCW in LEW female rats. Control rats received SCW immunization and PBS. Rats were then followed for arthritis occurrence and circulating cytokine detection. At sacrifice, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and macrophages were analyzed. Results Apoptotic cell injection profoundly suppressed joint swelling and destruction typically observed during the acute and chronic phases of SCW-induced arthritis. Synovial inflammatory cell infiltration and bone destruction were also markedly suppressed. Ex vivo experiments revealed reduced levels of TNF in cultures of macrophages from rats challenged with SCW in the presence of apoptotic thymocytes as well as reduced macrophage response to lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, apoptotic cell injection induced higher Foxp3+ Tregs in the lymphoid organs, especially in the draining lymph nodes. Conclusions Our data indicate that apoptotic cells modulate macrophage function and result in Treg generation/increase. This may be involved in inhibition of inflammation and amelioration of arthritis. This highlights and confirms previous studies showing that in vivo generation of Tregs using apoptotic cell injection may be a useful tool to prevent and treat inflammatory autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Perruche
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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27
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Huang H, Hutta DA, Rinker JM, Hu H, Parsons WH, Schubert C, DesJarlais RL, Crysler CS, Chaikin MA, Donatelli RR, Chen Y, Cheng D, Zhou Z, Yurkow E, Manthey CL, Player MR. Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-ones: A Novel Class of Antiinflammatory Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1081-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801406h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Daniel A. Hutta
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - James M. Rinker
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Huaping Hu
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - William H. Parsons
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Carsten Schubert
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Renee L. DesJarlais
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Carl S. Crysler
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Margery A. Chaikin
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Robert R. Donatelli
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Yanmin Chen
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Deping Cheng
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Zhao Zhou
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Edward Yurkow
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Carl L. Manthey
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Mark R. Player
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
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Vanniasinghe AS, Bender V, Manolios N. The potential of liposomal drug delivery for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2008; 39:182-96. [PMID: 18926560 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the use of liposomes as a delivery agent in inflammatory arthritis. METHODS The literature on liposomes and liposomal drug delivery for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis was reviewed. A PubMed search of articles in the English-language journals from 1965 to 2007 was performed. The index words used were as follows: "rheumatoid arthritis," "liposomes," and "targeted delivery." Papers identified were reviewed, abstracted, and summarized. RESULTS Liposomes have the capacity to be used as delivery and targeting agents for the administration of antirheumatic drugs at lower doses with reduced toxicity. In other areas of medicine, the pace of progress has been rapid. In the case of infectious diseases and cancer, liposomal drug delivery has progressed and developed into commercially viable therapeutic options for the treatment of fungal infections (amphotericin B), or metastatic breast cancer and Kaposi sarcoma (doxorubicin, daunorubicin), respectively. In arthritis, the efficacy of prednisolone-loaded long-circulating liposomes is currently being evaluated in a phase II clinical trial. Liposome's application to arthritis is still in its infancy but appears promising as new patents are filed. With improvements in liposomal formulation and targeted synovial delivery, liposomes offer increased therapeutic activity and improvement in the risk-benefit ratio. CONCLUSION Recent research into synovial targets and improved liposomal formulations continues to improve our capacity to use liposomes for targeted delivery. With time, this approach has the potential to improve drug delivery and reduce systemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Vanniasinghe
- University of Sydney, Department of Rheumatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
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29
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Türker S, Erdoğan S, Özer YA, Bilgili H, Deveci S. Enhanced efficacy of diclofenac sodium-loaded lipogelosome formulation in intra-articular treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Drug Target 2008; 16:51-7. [DOI: 10.1080/10611860701725191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Williams AS, Richards PJ, Thomas E, Carty S, Nowell MA, Goodfellow RM, Dent CM, Williams BD, Jones SA, Topley N. Interferon-gamma protects against the development of structural damage in experimental arthritis by regulating polymorphonuclear neutrophil influx into diseased joints. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:2244-54. [PMID: 17599735 DOI: 10.1002/art.22732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Local interaction between soluble mediators within the inflamed synovium is a key factor that governs the pathologic outcome of inflammatory arthritides. Our aim was to investigate the interplay between the Th1 lymphokine interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and pivotal cytokines that drive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFalpha]) in modulating inflammation and arthritis in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Monarticular antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was initiated in IFNgamma-deficient (IFNgamma(-/-)) mice and age-matched wild-type (IFNgamma(+/+)) mice. Joint swelling was measured and histologic analysis was performed in order to assess changes in both inflammatory and degenerative parameters in vivo. In vitro, the influence of IFNgamma in regulating IL-1beta- and TNFalpha-driven CXCL8 and CCL2 production was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In murine AIA, both inflammatory and degenerative arthritis parameters were significantly exacerbated in the absence of IFNgamma. IFNgamma appeared to be a crucial factor in regulating CXCR2+ neutrophil influx in the joint. In in vitro studies using RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes, IFNgamma modulated both IL-1beta- and TNFalpha-driven chemokine synthesis, resulting in the down-regulation of CXCL8 production. CONCLUSION IFNgamma exerts antiinflammatory, chondroprotective, and antiosteoclastogenic effects in murine AIA through a mechanism that involves the regulation of chemokine synthesis and local neutrophil recruitment. These studies suggest a potential therapeutic role of modulating IFNgamma signaling in the treatment of inflammatory arthritides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen S Williams
- Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
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31
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Tanaka M, Mitamura M, Xiang A, Yonekawa T, Kaise T, Kikkawa H, Asano S, Kinoshita M. Effects of Alendronate and Prednisolone on a Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice. J Toxicol Pathol 2007. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.20.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Tanaka
- Pharmacology Department, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, High Throughput Biology, Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - Mana Mitamura
- Pharmacology Department, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, High Throughput Biology, Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - Anbo Xiang
- Pharmacology Department, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, High Throughput Biology, Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - Taeko Yonekawa
- Pharmacology Department, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, High Throughput Biology, Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - Toshihiko Kaise
- Pharmacology Department, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, High Throughput Biology, Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - Hideo Kikkawa
- Pharmacology Department, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, High Throughput Biology, Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - Satoshi Asano
- Pharmacology Department, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, High Throughput Biology, Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - Mine Kinoshita
- Pharmacology Department, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, High Throughput Biology, Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline
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Nagai T, Tanaka M, Tsuneyoshi Y, Matsushita K, Sunahara N, Matsuda T, Yoshida H, Komiya S, Onda M, Matsuyama T. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of a recombinant immunotoxin against folate receptor beta on the activation and proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2006; 54:3126-34. [PMID: 17009233 DOI: 10.1002/art.22082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of the recombinant immunotoxin dsFv anti-FRbeta-PE38, which consists of the disulfide-stabilized Fv fragment (dsFv) of the anti-folate receptor beta (anti-FRbeta) antibody and the 38-kd portion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE38), on the activation and proliferation of cells that function in inflammatory and degradative processes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue. METHODS The Ig VH-PE38 fusion protein and the Ig VL protein were produced in Escherichia coli, and then joined with a disulfide bond by engineering cysteine residues in the framework regions of these proteins. The effects of dsFv anti-FRbeta-PE38 on the activation and proliferation of cells in RA synovial tissue were investigated by immunohistochemistry; the numbers of cells expressing CD68, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, angiopoietin 1, CD34, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and interleukin-6 and the numbers of apoptotic cells were counted in RA synovial tissue engrafted into SCID mice treated or not treated with dsFv anti-FRbeta-PE38. The effects of dsFv anti-FRbeta-PE38 on the generation of osteoclasts from RA adherent synovial mononuclear cells in vitro was investigated by counting the number of resorption pits on dentin slices treated or not treated with dsFv anti-FRbeta-PE38. RESULTS Administration of dsFv anti-FRbeta-PE38 reduced the numbers of macrophages, activated fibroblast-like cells, endothelial cells, and proliferating cells and increased the numbers of apoptotic cells in RA synovial tissue engrafted into SCID mice. In vitro, the generation of osteoclasts from RA adherent synovial mononuclear cells was largely suppressed by treatment with dsFv anti-FRbeta-PE38. CONCLUSION Our findings show that dsFv anti-FRbeta-PE38 immunotoxin would be a promising tool for the treatment of RA synovitis, especially when administered intraarticularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Nagai
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Liu L, Igarashi K, Kanzaki H, Chiba M, Shinoda H, Mitani H. Clodronate inhibits PGE(2) production in compressed periodontal ligament cells. J Dent Res 2006; 85:757-60. [PMID: 16861295 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play an essential role in orthodontic tooth movement. We recently reported that clodronate, a non-N-containing bisphosphonate, strongly inhibited tooth movement in rats, and thus could be a useful adjunct for orthodontic treatment. However, it is not clear how clodronate affects the responses of PDL cells to orthodontic force. In this study, we hypothesized that clodronate prevents the mechanical stress-induced production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and nitric oxide (NO) in human PDL cells. A compressive stimulus caused a striking increase in PGE(2) production, while the responses of IL-1beta and NO were less marked. Clodronate concentration-dependently inhibited the stress-induced production of PGE(2). Clodronate also strongly inhibited stress-induced gene expression for COX-2 and RANKL. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of clodronate on tooth movement and osteoclasts may be due, at least in part, to the inhibition of COX-2-dependent PGE(2) production and RANKL expression in PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Carvalho AP, Bezerra MM, Girão VCC, Cunha FQ, Rocha FAC. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY OF RISEDRONATE IN EXPERIMENTAL PAIN MODELS IN RATS AND MICE. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 33:601-6. [PMID: 16789926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. The antinociceptive effect of risedronate in experimental pain models in rats and mice was investigated in the present study. 2. Rats received zymosan intra-articularly (i.art.) into the right knee joint and the nociceptive response was assessed using the articular incapacitation test. Joint washouts were used for determining cell influx, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and leukotriene (LT) B4 levels. 3. Mice received either zymosan (1 mg) or acetic acid (0.6%) i.p. and the nociceptive response was measured as the number of writhings between 0 and 30 min after the stimuli. Control animals received i.p. injections of saline. 4. Groups were pretreated with risedronate (5-500 microg/kg, s.c.) and compared with vehicle (saline)-treated (NT) animals. One group of rats was cotreated with the micro-opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (2 mg/kg, s.c.) prior to risedronate, followed by 1 mg zymosan i.art. 5. Risedronate, at 100 and 500 microg/kg, significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the nociceptive response in the writhings test (P < 0.05), inhibiting responses to acetic acid by 65.4 and 49.2%, respectively, and to zymosan by 72.9 and 71.9%, respectively. 6. Pretreatment with risedronate also significantly (P < 0.05) and dose-dependently inhibited the articular incapacitation in zymosan-arthritis. 7. Risedronate, at 50 microg/kg, significantly inhibited TNF-alpha release as compared with the NT group (39.4 +/- 9.8 vs 145.6 +/- 43.3 pg/mL TNF-alpha, respectively). 8. Risedronate, at 50 and 100 microg/kg, significantly inhibited LTB4 release into the joints compared with the NT group (2883.1 +/- 73.2, 1911.5 +/- 205.3 and 4709.9 +/- 237.2 pg/mL, respectively). These effects of risedronate were associated with a significant reduction in the inflammatory cell infiltration. 9. Cotreatment with risedronate and naloxone did not reverse the antinociceptive effects of risedronate in zymosan-arthritis. 10. This is the first demonstration that risedronate displays intrinsic antihypernociceptive activity. This effect is associated with reduced cell infiltration and inhibition of TNF-alpha and LTB4 release and is not linked to an endogenous opioid-release mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline P Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
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Richards PJ, Nowell MA, Horiuchi S, McLoughlin RM, Fielding CA, Grau S, Yamamoto N, Ehrmann M, Rose-John S, Williams AS, Topley N, Jones SA. Functional characterization of a soluble gp130 isoform and its therapeutic capacity in an experimental model of inflammatory arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:1662-72. [PMID: 16646038 DOI: 10.1002/art.21818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Soluble gp130 is the naturally occurring antagonist of the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) complex and selectively inhibits IL-6 trans-signaling. Several isoforms of soluble gp130 have been identified, including an autoantigenic form termed gp130-RAPS (for gp130 of the rheumatoid arthritis antigenic peptide-bearing soluble form) that is present in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional properties of gp130-RAPS. METHODS To define a role for gp130-RAPS in arthritis, a recombinant version was generated using a baculovirus expression system, and its activities were tested in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Gp130-RAPS was shown to bind with high affinity to the stable IL-6/sIL-6R complex, hyper-IL-6, and to effectively modulate leukocyte migration in murine acute peritonitis. A single intraarticular injection of gp130-RAPS suppressed chronic antigen-induced arthritis in association with a reduction in local activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Although gp130-RAPS contains the previously identified autoantigenic sequence Asn-Ile-Ala-Ser-Phe (NIASF), no increase in the prevalence of anti- gp130-RAPS antibodies was observed in serum or synovial fluid obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSION The use of inhibitory antibodies to block IL-6 responses has shown considerable clinical promise. However, the results presented herein suggest that selective targeting of IL-6 trans-signaling may represent a viable alternative to this strategy. In this respect, our present results suggest that the soluble gp130 isoform gp130-RAPS may be useful in the treatment of chronic inflammatory arthritis.
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Abstract
This review focuses on the therapeutic utility of liposomes in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, and aims to offer the reader an overview of the in vivo results obtained with liposomally encapsulated anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive drugs. The past 30 years has clearly indicated the added value of liposomes in the search for solutions for the delivery problems encountered. However, only a few liposomal anti-inflammatory therapeutics have entered the clinic. Reasons for the hurdles existing in the translation of promising preclinical findings to clinical studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josbert M Metselaar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Metselaar JM, van den Berg WB, Holthuysen AEM, Wauben MHM, Storm G, van Lent PLEM. Liposomal targeting of glucocorticoids to synovial lining cells strongly increases therapeutic benefit in collagen type II arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:348-53. [PMID: 15020326 PMCID: PMC1754935 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2003.009944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of a single intravenous treatment with glucocorticoids (GC) encapsulated in long-circulating PEG-liposomes on both joint inflammation and cartilage destruction and to investigate the phenomenon of selective homing of these liposomes in the inflamed synovium. METHODS Mice with collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) were intravenously treated with liposomal and free prednisolone phosphate (PLP) a few days after the first signs of the disease. Joint inflammation was scored during 1 week after treatment, after which sections of the knee joints were prepared for assessment of cartilage damage. In addition, arthritic mice were treated with liposomes containing colloidal gold. 24 hours after injection, knee joint sections were prepared in which the location of liposomes was visualised. RESULTS Treatment of CIA with 10 mg/kg liposomal PLP resulted in a strong and lasting resolution of joint inflammation. 10 mg/kg free PLP only became slightly effective after repeated daily injections. Although joint inflammation recurred 1 week after treatment with liposomal PLP, knee joint sections prepared at this time indicated that the cartilage damage was still reduced. Localisation of gold labelled liposomes in the inflamed joints was seen in the proximity of blood vessels, in the cellular infiltrate, but mainly in the synovial lining. Unaffected joints did not take up liposomes. CONCLUSIONS By using the property of long-circulating liposomes to target the synovial lining selectively in inflamed joints, the anti-inflammatory activity of GC can be greatly increased, showing also the beneficial effect of reduced cartilage destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Metselaar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Netherlands
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Jordan MB, van Rooijen N, Izui S, Kappler J, Marrack P. Liposomal clodronate as a novel agent for treating autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a mouse model. Blood 2003; 101:594-601. [PMID: 12393630 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2001-11-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a disease in which autoantibodies against red blood cells (RBCs) lead to their premature destruction. Most clinically significant autoantibodies are of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) type, which leads primarily to the uptake and destruction of RBCs by splenic and hepatic macrophages. Therapies such as corticosteroids and splenectomy are directed at interfering with this process. Liposomally encapsulated clodronate (dichloromethylene diphosphonate) has previously been found to be a potent antimacrophage agent. It selectively depletes animals of macrophages within 24 hours of administration by inducing apoptosis in these cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that liposomal clodronate would be a useful agent for treating AIHA. We tested this hypothesis in a mouse model of AIHA in which animals were given either anti-RBC antibodies or preopsonized RBCs. In either case, liposomal clodronate substantially decreased RBC destruction. This drug formulation was effective within hours by first blocking and then depleting phagocytic macrophages, and its action lasted for 1 to 2 weeks. Thus, in AIHA, liposomal clodronate therapy may act like a temporary, medicinal splenectomy. As such, it may prove useful in situations where rapid response to therapy is critical or other medical therapies are inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Jordan
- Department of Immunology, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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