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Timofeeva AM, Shayakhmetova LS, Nikitin AO, Sedykh TA, Matveev AL, Shanshin DV, Volosnikova EA, Merkuleva IA, Shcherbakov DN, Tikunova NV, Sedykh SE, Nevinsky GA. Natural Antibodies Produced in Vaccinated Patients and COVID-19 Convalescents Hydrolyze Recombinant RBD and Nucleocapsid (N) Proteins. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1007. [PMID: 38790969 PMCID: PMC11118737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are protein molecules whose primary function is to recognize antigens. However, recent studies have demonstrated their ability to hydrolyze specific substrates, such as proteins, oligopeptides, and nucleic acids. In 2023, two separate teams of researchers demonstrated the proteolytic activity of natural plasma antibodies from COVID-19 convalescents. These antibodies were found to hydrolyze the S-protein and corresponding oligopeptides. Our study shows that for antibodies with affinity to recombinant structural proteins of the SARS-CoV-2: S-protein, its fragment RBD and N-protein can only hydrolyze the corresponding protein substrates and are not cross-reactive. By using strict criteria, we have confirmed that this proteolytic activity is an intrinsic property of antibodies and is not caused by impurities co-eluting with them. This discovery suggests that natural proteolytic antibodies that hydrolyze proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus may have a positive impact on disease pathogenesis. It is also possible for these antibodies to work in combination with other antibodies that bind specific epitopes to enhance the process of virus neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Timofeeva
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Artem O. Nikitin
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Sedykh
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
| | - Andrey L. Matveev
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
| | - Daniil V. Shanshin
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia (D.N.S.)
| | | | - Iuliia A. Merkuleva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia (D.N.S.)
| | - Dmitriy N. Shcherbakov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia (D.N.S.)
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Altay State University, 656049 Barnaul, Russia
| | - Nina V. Tikunova
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey E. Sedykh
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Andreoli L, Regola F, Caproli A, Crisafulli F, Fredi M, Lazzaroni MG, Nalli C, Piantoni S, Zatti S, Franceschini F, Tincani A. Pregnancy in antiphospholipid syndrome: what should a rheumatologist know? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:SI86-SI95. [PMID: 38320595 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the management of reproductive issues in women who have antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) or are carriers of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). The importance of aPL detection during preconception counselling relies on their pathogenic potential for placental insufficiency and related obstetric complications. The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes can be minimized by individualized risk stratification and tailored treatment aimed at preventing placental insufficiency. Combination therapy of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid and heparin is the mainstay of prophylaxis during pregnancy; immunomodulation, especially with hydroxychloroquine, should be considered in refractory cases. Supplementary ultrasound surveillance is useful to detect fetal growth restriction and correctly tailor the time of delivery. The individual aPL profile must be considered in the stratification of thrombotic risk, such as during assisted reproduction techniques requiring hormonal ovarian stimulation or during the follow-up after pregnancy in order to prevent the first vascular event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andreoli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit - ERN ReCONNET, ASST Spedali Civili; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Regola
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit - ERN ReCONNET, ASST Spedali Civili; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessia Caproli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit - ERN ReCONNET, ASST Spedali Civili; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Crisafulli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit - ERN ReCONNET, ASST Spedali Civili; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Micaela Fredi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit - ERN ReCONNET, ASST Spedali Civili; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria-Grazia Lazzaroni
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit - ERN ReCONNET, ASST Spedali Civili; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nalli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit - ERN ReCONNET, ASST Spedali Civili; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Piantoni
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit - ERN ReCONNET, ASST Spedali Civili; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sonia Zatti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Franceschini
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit - ERN ReCONNET, ASST Spedali Civili; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angela Tincani
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit - ERN ReCONNET, ASST Spedali Civili; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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3
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Catalytic Antibodies: Design, Expression, and Their Applications in Medicine. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:1514-1540. [PMID: 36222989 PMCID: PMC9554387 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic antibodies made it feasible to develop new catalysts, which had previously been the subject of research. Scientists have discovered natural antibodies that can hydrolyze substrates such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides during decades of research, as well as several ways of producing antibodies with specialized characteristics and catalytic functions. These antibodies are widely used in chemistry, biology, and medicine. Catalytic antibodies can continue to play a role and even fully prevent the emergence of autoimmune disorders, especially in the field of infection and immunity, where the process of its occurrence and development often takes a long time. In this work, the development, design and evolution methodologies, and the expression systems and applications of catalytic antibodies, are discussed. Trial registration: not applicable.
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4
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D’Ardes D, Boccatonda A, Cocco G, Fabiani S, Rossi I, Bucci M, Guagnano MT, Schiavone C, Cipollone F. Impaired coagulation, liver dysfunction and COVID-19: Discovering an intriguing relationship. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1102-1112. [PMID: 35431501 PMCID: PMC8985482 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i11.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is, at present, one of the most relevant global health problems. In the literature hepatic alterations have been described in COVID-19 patients, and they are mainly represented by worsening of underlying chronic liver disease leading to hepatic decompensation and liver failure with higher mortality. Several potential mechanisms used by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to cause liver damage have been hypothesized. COVID-19 primary liver injury is less common than secondary liver injury. Most of the available data demonstrate how liver damage in SARS-CoV-2 infection is likely due to systemic inflammation, and it is less likely mediated by a cytopathic effect directed on liver cells. Moreover, liver alterations could be caused by hypoxic injury and drugs (antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, remdesivir, tocilizumab, tofacitinib and dexamethasone). SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce multiple vascular district atherothrombosis by affecting simultaneously cerebral, coronary and peripheral vascular beds. Data in the literature highlight how the virus triggers an exaggerated immune response, which added to the cytopathic effect of the virus can induce endothelial damage and a prothrombotic dysregulation of hemostasis. This leads to a higher incidence of symptomatic and confirmed venous thrombosis and of pulmonary embolisms, especially in central, lobar or segmental pulmonary arteries, in COVID-19. There are currently fewer data for arterial thrombosis, while myocardial injury was identified in 7%-17% of patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 22%-31% in the intensive care unit setting. Available data also revealed a higher occurrence of stroke and more serious forms of peripheral arterial disease in COVID-19 patients. Hemostasis dysregulation is observed during the COVID-19 course. Lower platelet count, mildly increased prothrombin time and increased D-dimer are typical laboratory features of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, described as "COVID-19 associated coagulopathy." These alterations are correlated to poor outcomes. Moreover, patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection are characterized by high levels of von Willebrand factor with subsequent ADAMTS13 deficiency and impaired fibrinolysis. Platelet hyperreactivity, hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis during SARS-CoV-2 infection induce a pathological state named as "immuno-thromboinflammation." Finally, liver dysfunction and coagulopathy are often observed at the same time in patients with COVID-19. The hypothesis that liver dysfunction could be mediated by microvascular thrombosis has been supported by post-mortem findings and extensive vascular portal and sinusoidal thrombosis observation. Other evidence has shown a correlation between coagulation and liver damage in COVID-19, underlined by the transaminase association with coagulopathy, identified through laboratory markers such as prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products and platelet count. Other possible mechanisms like immunogenesis of COVID-19 damage or massive pericyte activation with consequent vessel wall fibrosis have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano D’Ardes
- “Clinica Medica” Institute, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Andrea Boccatonda
- Unit of Ultrasound, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Giulio Cocco
- Unit of Ultrasound, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Stefano Fabiani
- Unit of Ultrasound, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rossi
- “Clinica Medica” Institute, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Marco Bucci
- “Clinica Medica” Institute, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Guagnano
- “Clinica Medica” Institute, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Cosima Schiavone
- Unit of Ultrasound, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Francesco Cipollone
- “Clinica Medica” Institute, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
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5
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Tsai KL, Chang CC, Chang YS, Lu YY, Tsai IJ, Chen JH, Lin SH, Tai CC, Lin YF, Chang HW, Lin CY, Su ECY. Isotypes of autoantibodies against novel differential 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified peptide adducts in serum is associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Taiwanese women. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2021; 21:49. [PMID: 33568149 PMCID: PMC7874460 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-020-01380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder with systemic inflammation and may be induced by oxidative stress that affects an inflamed joint. Our objectives were to examine isotypes of autoantibodies against 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) modifications in RA and associate them with increased levels of autoantibodies in RA patients. Methods Serum samples from 155 female patients [60 with RA, 35 with osteoarthritis (OA), and 60 healthy controls (HCs)] were obtained. Four novel differential HNE-modified peptide adducts, complement factor H (CFAH)1211–1230, haptoglobin (HPT)78–108, immunoglobulin (Ig) kappa chain C region (IGKC)2–19, and prothrombin (THRB)328–345, were re-analyzed using tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) spectra (ProteomeXchange: PXD004546) from RA patients vs. HCs. Further, we determined serum protein levels of CFAH, HPT, IGKC and THRB, HNE-protein adducts, and autoantibodies against unmodified and HNE-modified peptides. Significant correlations and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Results Levels of HPT in RA patients were greatly higher than the levels in HCs. Levels of HNE-protein adducts and autoantibodies in RA patients were significantly greater than those of HCs. IgM anti-HPT78−108 HNE, IgM anti-IGKC2−19, and IgM anti-IGKC2−19 HNE may be considered as diagnostic biomarkers for RA. Importantly, elevated levels of IgM anti-HPT78−108 HNE, IgM anti-IGKC2−19, and IgG anti-THRB328−345 were positively correlated with the disease activity score in 28 joints for C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP). Further, the ORs of RA development through IgM anti-HPT78−108 HNE (OR 5.235, p < 0.001), IgM anti-IGKC2−19 (OR 12.655, p < 0.001), and IgG anti-THRB328−345 (OR 5.761, p < 0.001) showed an increased risk. Lastly, we incorporated three machine learning models to differentiate RA from HC and OA, and performed feature selection to determine discriminative features. Experimental results showed that our proposed method achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.92, which demonstrated that our selected autoantibodies combined with machine learning can efficiently detect RA.
Conclusions This study discovered that some IgG- and IgM-NAAs and anti-HNE M-NAAs may be correlated with inflammation and disease activity in RA. Moreover, our findings suggested that IgM anti-HPT78−108 HNE, IgM anti-IGKC2−19, and IgG anti-THRB328−345 may play heavy roles in RA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Leun Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Lu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - I-Jung Tsai
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Research Center of Biostatistics, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hong Lin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Tai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, 26047, Taiwan.
| | - Emily Chia-Yu Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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6
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Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Favaloro EJ, Lavie CJ, Henry BM. Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Coagulopathy. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:203-217. [PMID: 33413819 PMCID: PMC7604017 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with the severe form of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been frequently found to suffer from both arterial and venous thrombotic events due to the perpetuation of a hypercoagulable state. This phenomenon, termed COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, is now considered a major component of the pathophysiology of this novel infectious disease, leading to widespread thrombosis. While at first, the vascular insults may be limited to the pulmonary microvasculature, as the disease progresses, systemic involvement occurs, culminating in distant organ thrombosis and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. In this review article, we discuss recent insights into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and review the clinical, histopathologic, and laboratory evidence, which leads us to conclude that COVID-19 is both a pulmonary and vascular disorder.
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Key Words
- ace2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ards, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- cc, coronavirus 2019–associated coagulopathy
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- dic, disseminated intravascular coagulation
- dvt, deep vein thrombosis
- icu, intensive care unit
- il, interleukin
- ly30, lysis at 30 minutes
- no, nitric oxide
- pai-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
- pe, pulmonary embolism
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- tf, tissue factor
- tma, thrombotic microangiopathy
- tpa, tissue plasminogen activator
- vte, venous thromboembolism
- vwf, von willebrand factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Emmanuel J Favaloro
- Haematology, Sydney Centers for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School - The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio, USA
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7
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Dimitrov JD, Lacroix-Desmazes S. Noncanonical Functions of Antibodies. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:379-393. [PMID: 32273170 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The typical functions of antibodies are based on linking the process of antigen recognition with initiation of innate immune reactions. With the introduction of modern research technologies and the use of sophisticated model systems, recent years have witnessed the discovery of a number of noncanonical functions of antibodies. These functions encompass either untypical strategies for neutralization of pathogens or exertion of activities that are characteristic for other proteins (cytokines, chaperones, or enzymes). Here, we provide an overview of the noncanonical functions of antibodies and discuss their mechanisms and implications in immune regulation and defense. A better comprehension of these functions will enrich our knowledge of the adaptive immune response and shall inspire the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
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8
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Differential Diagnostics of Active Progressing Multiple Sclerosis Using a Fluorescent Biomarker with Resonance Energy Transfer. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:329-334. [PMID: 31346868 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous data showed that myelin-reactive autoantibodies found in patients with multiple sclerosis and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis recognize and hydrolyze various fragments of myelin basic protein (MBP). Moreover, antibody-mediated cleavage of the encephalithogenic fragment MBP81-103 flanked with two fluorescent proteins can serve as a new biomarker of multiple sclerosis. Here we describe creation of the next generation of this biomarker based on antibody-dependent degradation of a new chemically synthesized fluorescent substrate with resonance energy transfer that contains fluorophore Cy5 and quencher QXL680 separated by MBP81-99 protein (Cy5-MBP81-99-QXL680). This substrate is degraded during incubation with purified antibodies and B cells from patients with multiple sclerosis, but not healthy volunteers.
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9
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Elnady B, Alqarni MM, Mostafa MA, Fouda ES. Right ventricular thrombus in a case of neonatal lupus: case report. Lupus 2019; 28:783-785. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203319846384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal thrombosis is considered a rare manifestation with unclear aetiology. We reported a neonatal lupus of a Sjogren’s syndrome mother with recurrent miscarriage secondary to antiphospholipid syndrome; seronegative to anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant and B2GP1. She was serologically positive to antiphosphatidylethanolamine and antiprothrombin antibodies, anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La. The neonate developed neonatal lupus complicated with right ventricular thrombus assumed to be induced by maternal transmission of antiphosphatidylethanolamine and antiprothrombin antibodies, treated successfully with tissue plasminogen activator and warfarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Elnady
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
- Department of Rheumatology, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, KSA
| | - M M Alqarni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, KSA
| | - M A Mostafa
- Department of Pediatrics, Benha University, Egypt
- Department of Neonatology, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, KSA
| | - E S Fouda
- Department of Neonatology, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, KSA
- Department of Pediatrics, Menoufia University, Egypt
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10
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Lomakin Y, Kudriaeva A, Kostin N, Terekhov S, Kaminskaya A, Chernov A, Zakharova M, Ivanova M, Simaniv T, Telegin G, Gabibov A, Belogurov A. Diagnostics of autoimmune neurodegeneration using fluorescent probing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12679. [PMID: 30139963 PMCID: PMC6107501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibody-mediated catalysis was a breakthrough that showed antibody function is not limited to specific binding interactions, and that immunoglobulins (Igs) may also chemically transform their target antigens. Recently, so-called “natural catalytic antibodies” have been intimately linked with several pathologies, where they either protect the organism or contribute to the development of autoimmune abnormalities. Previously, we showed that myelin-reactive autoantibodies from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) exhibit the ability to recognize and hydrolyse distinct epitopes within myelin basic protein (MBP). Further, the antibody-mediated cleavage of encephalitogenic MBP peptide 81–103, flanked by two fluorescent proteins, can serve as a novel biomarker for MS. Here, we report the next generation of this biomarker, based on the antibody-mediated degradation of a novel chemically synthesized FRET substrate, comprising the fluorophore Cy5 and the quencher QXL680, interconnected by the MBP peptide 81–99: Cy5-MBP81–99-QXL680. This substrate is degraded upon incubation with either purified antibodies from MS patients but not healthy donors or purified antibodies and splenocytes from EAE but not from non-immunized mice. Data presented herein suggest the elaboration of potential specific, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic criteria of active progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov Lomakin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita Kostin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Terekhov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena Kaminskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Chernov
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Maria Zakharova
- Neurorehabilitation Department of the Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Ivanova
- Neurorehabilitation Department of the Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Taras Simaniv
- Neurorehabilitation Department of the Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Telegin
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexander Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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11
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Gerardi MC, Fernandes MA, Tincani A, Andreoli L. Obstetric Anti-phospholipid Syndrome: State of the Art. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2018; 20:59. [PMID: 30105597 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-018-0772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on new pathogenesis and clinical-therapeutic aspects of obstetric anti-phospholipid syndrome (ob-APS) in the last 5 years. RECENT FINDINGS The pathogenesis of ob-APS is multifactorial, including placental infarctions, infiltration of inflammatory cells that cause acute and chronic inflammation, leading to uncontrolled inflammation and poor pregnancy outcomes. A preconception counseling and a patient-tailored treatment are fundamental to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Thanks to conventional treatment, based on low-dose aspirin and heparin, 70% of women with ob-APS can have successful pregnancies. Women with positive anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) without clinical manifestations ("aPL carriers") or with obstetric manifestation not fulfilling ob-APS criteria need to be further investigated in order to assess their best management. Great interest has been given to drugs that could interact in the pathophysiological mechanisms, such as hydroxychloroquine, statins, and eculizumab. These drugs could be considered for patients refractory to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Gerardi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Melissa Alexandre Fernandes
- Autoimmune Disease Unit-Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Curry Cabral/Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Angela Tincani
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Andreoli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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12
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Zhang S, Wu Z, Zhang W, Zhao J, Norman GL, Zeng X, Zhang F, Li Y. Antibodies to phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) enhanced the diagnostic performance in Chinese patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 56:939-946. [PMID: 29561729 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Increasing evidence has highlighted the role of non-criteria antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) as important supplements to the current criteria aPLs for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). In this retrospective study, we evaluated the clinical relevance of antibodies to phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) in Chinese patients with APS.
Methods:
A total of 441 subjects were tested, including 101 patients with primary APS (PAPS), 140 patients with secondary APS (SAPS), 161 disease controls (DCs) and 39 healthy controls (HCs). Serum IgG/IgM aPS/PT was determined by ELISA.
Results:
The levels of IgG/IgM aPS/PT were significantly increased in patients with APS compared with DCs and HCs. IgG and IgM aPS/PT were present in 29.7% and 54.5% of PAPS, and 42.1% and 53.6% of SAPS, respectively. For diagnosis of APS, IgG aCL exhibited the highest positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 21.60, followed by LA (13.84), IgG aβ2GP1 (9.19) and IgG aPS/PT (8.49). aPS/PT was detected in 13.3% of seronegative PAPS patients and 31.3% of seronegative SAPS patients. LA exhibited the highest OR of 3.64 in identifying patients with thrombosis, followed by IgG aCL (OR, 2.63), IgG aPS/PT (OR, 2.55) and IgG aβ2GP1 (OR, 2.33). LA and IgG aCL were correlated with both arterial and venous thrombosis, whereas IgG aPS/PT and IgG aβ2GP1 correlated with venous or arterial thrombosis, respectively.
Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that the inclusion of IgG/IgM aPS/PT may enhance the diagnostic performance for APS, especially in those in whom APS is highly suspected, but conventional aPLs are repeatedly negative. In addition, IgG aPS/PT may contribute to identify patients at risk of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ziyan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiuliang Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Eastern District, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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13
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Abstract
The existence of catalytic antibodies has been known for decades. Natural antibodies capable of cleaving nucleic acid, protein, and polysaccharide substrates have been described. Although the discovery of catalytic antibodies initially aroused great interest because of their promise for the development of new catalysts, their enzymatic performance has been disappointing due to low reaction rates. However, in the areas of infection and immunity, where processes often occur over much longer times and involve high antibody concentrations, even low catalytic rates have the potential to influence biological outcomes. In this regard, the presence of catalytic antibodies recognizing host antigens has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, naturally occurring catalytic antibodies to microbial determinants have been correlated with resistance to infection. Recently, there has been substantial interest in harnessing the power of antibody-mediated catalysis against microbial antigens for host defense. Additional work is needed, however, to better understand the prevalence, function, and structural basis of catalytic activity in antibodies. Here we review the available information and suggest that antibody-mediated catalysis is a fertile area for study with broad applications in infection and immunity.
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Bowen A, Wear MP, Cordero RJB, Oscarson S, Casadevall A. A Monoclonal Antibody to Cryptococcus neoformans Glucuronoxylomannan Manifests Hydrolytic Activity for Both Peptides and Polysaccharides. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:417-434. [PMID: 27872188 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.767582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in the 1980s first showed that some natural antibodies were "catalytic" and able to hydrolyze peptide or phosphodiester bonds in antigens. Many naturally occurring catalytic antibodies have since been isolated from human sera and associated with positive and negative outcomes in autoimmune disease and infection. The function and prevalence of these antibodies, however, remain unclear. A previous study suggested that the 18B7 monoclonal antibody against glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), the major component of the Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide capsule, hydrolyzed a peptide antigen mimetic. Using mass spectrometry and Förster resonance energy transfer techniques, we confirm and characterize the hydrolytic activity of 18B7 against peptide mimetics and show that 18B7 is able to hydrolyze an oligosaccharide substrate, providing the first example of a naturally occurring catalytic antibody for polysaccharides. Additionally, we show that the catalytic 18B7 antibody increases release of capsular polysaccharide from fungal cells. A serine protease inhibitor blocked peptide and oligosaccharide hydrolysis by 18B7, and a putative serine protease-like active site was identified in the light chain variable region of the antibody. An algorithm was developed to detect similar sites present in unique antibody structures in the Protein Data Bank. The putative site was found in 14 of 63 (22.2%) catalytic antibody structures and 119 of 1602 (7.4%) antibodies with no annotation of catalytic activity. The ability of many antibodies to cleave antigen, albeit slowly, supports the notion that this activity is an important immunoglobulin function in host defense. The discovery of GXM hydrolytic activity suggests new therapeutic possibilities for polysaccharide-binding antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Bowen
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Maggie P Wear
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Radames J B Cordero
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- the Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
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15
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Clinical performance of antibodies to prothrombin and thrombin in Chinese patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: potential interest in discriminating patients with thrombotic events and non-thrombotic events. Rheumatol Int 2016; 37:579-584. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-016-3594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Chuang YC, Lin J, Lin YS, Wang S, Yeh TM. Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1-Induced Antibodies Cross-React with Human Plasminogen and Enhance Its Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:1218-26. [PMID: 26712948 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease, and it can cause life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Abnormal activation of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system is one of the hallmarks of DHF/DSS. However, the mechanism underlying hemorrhage in DHF/DSS remains elusive. In previous studies, plasminogen (Plg) cross-reactive Abs, which can recognize DENV nonstructural protein (NS) 1, have been found in dengue patients. However, it is unclear whether these Abs are indeed induced by DENV NS1. Thus, we immunized mice with recombinant NS1 from both bacteria and drosophila to determine whether NS1 can induce Plg cross-reactive Abs. The results from the NS1-immunized mouse sera indicated that NS1 immunization induced Abs that could cross-react with Plg. To study the effects of these NS1-induced Plg cross-reactive Abs on fibrinolysis, we isolated several Plg cross-reactive anti-NS1 mAbs from these mice and found that some of them could enhance Plg activation. In addition, epitope mapping with a phage-displayed random peptide library revealed that one of these mAbs (2A5) could recognize NS1 C-terminal residues 305-311, which share sequence homology with Plg residues 590-597. A synthetic peptide of NS1 residues 305-311 could inhibit the binding of both 2A5 and its Fab to Plg and its enhanced activation. Thus, our results suggest that DENV NS1 can induce Plg cross-reactive Abs through molecular mimicry, which can enhance Plg activation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chun Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701; and
| | - Jessica Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
| | - Shuying Wang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701; and
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17
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Pregnolato F, Chighizola CB, Encabo S, Shums Z, Norman GL, Tripodi A, Chantarangkul V, Bertero T, De Micheli V, Borghi MO, Meroni PL. Anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies: an additional diagnostic marker for APS? Immunol Res 2014; 56:432-8. [PMID: 23572433 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Among the diagnostic assays for anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS), lupus anticoagulant (LA) is the strongest predictor of thrombosis; however, it presents several limitations as interference with anticoagulant therapy and poor inter-laboratory agreement. Two-thirds of LA activity is apparently due to antibodies against prothrombin (PT), usually detectable by ELISA. Binding of PT to phosphatidylserine (PS) has been shown to enhance solid-phase anti-PT assay sensitivity. To determine the prevalence of antibodies against PS/PT (aPS/PT) in APS, we tested the semiquantitative QUANTA Lite(®) aPS/PT ELISA in a cohort of 80 APS patients. The prevalence of aPS/PT was 81.3%, rising to 87.6% when considering LA-positive subjects only. We observed a strong correlation between aPS/PT and LA (p = 0.006). To note, APS patients with thrombotic manifestations displayed significantly higher IgG aPS/PT titers compared to 20 aPL asymptomatic carriers (p = 0.012). To rule out a possible cross-reactivity of anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) with PS/PT complex, we tested two monoclonal aβ2GPI antibodies and an affinity-purified (AP) polyclonal aβ2GPI IgG obtained from the serum of a patient reacting against both β2GPI and PS/PT. The two monoclonal antibodies did not show any reactivity against PS/PT complex, similarly the AP IgGs did not react toward PS/PT antigen while preserved their aβ2GPI activity. Our findings suggest that aPS/PT are a definite antibody population in APS. Moreover, the good correlation between aPS/PT ELISA and LA may support its use as a surrogate test for LA, particularly useful to overcome the technical limitations of the functional assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pregnolato
- Immunology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Zucchi 18, 20095, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
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18
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Sapparapu G, Planque S, Mitsuda Y, McLean G, Nishiyama Y, Paul S. Constant domain-regulated antibody catalysis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36096-104. [PMID: 22948159 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.401075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some antibodies contain variable (V) domain catalytic sites. We report the superior amide and peptide bond-hydrolyzing activity of the same heavy and light chain V domains expressed in the IgM constant domain scaffold compared with the IgG scaffold. The superior catalytic activity of recombinant IgM was evident using two substrates, a small model peptide that is hydrolyzed without involvement of high affinity epitope binding, and HIV gp120, which is recognized specifically by noncovalent means prior to the hydrolytic reaction. The catalytic activity was inhibited by an electrophilic phosphonate diester, consistent with a nucleophilic catalytic mechanism. All 13 monoclonal IgMs tested displayed robust hydrolytic activities varying over a 91-fold range, consistent with expression of the catalytic functions at distinct levels by different V domains. The catalytic activity of polyclonal IgM was superior to polyclonal IgG from the same sera, indicating that on average IgMs express the catalytic function at levels greater than IgGs. The findings indicate a favorable effect of the remote IgM constant domain scaffold on the integrity of the V-domain catalytic site and provide a structural basis for conceiving antibody catalysis as a first line immune function expressed at high levels prior to development of mature IgG class antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Sapparapu
- Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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19
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Brown EL, Nishiyama Y, Dunkle JW, Aggarwal S, Planque S, Watanabe K, Csencsits-Smith K, Bowden MG, Kaplan SL, Paul S. Constitutive production of catalytic antibodies to a Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor and effect of infection. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9940-9951. [PMID: 22303018 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.330043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that recognize microbial B lymphocyte superantigenic epitopes are produced constitutively with no requirement for adaptive immune maturation. We report cleavage of the Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb) by catalytic antibodies produced with no exposure to the bacterium and reduction of the catalytic antibody activity following infection. IgG catalytic antibodies that specifically hydrolyzed Efb via a nucleophilic catalytic mechanism were found in the blood of healthy humans and aseptic mice free of S. aureus infection. IgG hydrolyzed peptide bonds on the C-terminal side of basic amino acids, including a bond located within the C3b-binding domain of Efb. Efb digested with the IgG lost its ability to bind C3b and inhibit complement-dependent antibody-mediated red blood cell lysis. In addition to catalysis, the IgG expressed saturable Efb binding activity. IgG from S. aureus-infected mice displayed reduced Efb cleaving activity and increased Efb binding activity compared with uninfected controls, suggesting differing effects of the infection on the antibody subsets responsible for the two activities. IgG from children hospitalized for S. aureus infection also displayed reduced Efb cleavage compared with healthy children. These data suggest a potential defense function for constitutively produced catalytic antibodies to a putative superantigenic site of Efb, but an adaptive catalytic response appears to be proscribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Brown
- Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030,; Department of Extracellular Matrix Biology, The Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas 77030, and.
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jesse W Dunkle
- Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Shreya Aggarwal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stephanie Planque
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Keri Csencsits-Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - M Gabriela Bowden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sheldon L Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sudhir Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030,.
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20
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Paul S, Planque SA, Nishiyama Y, Hanson CV, Massey RJ. Nature and nurture of catalytic antibodies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 750:56-75. [PMID: 22903666 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3461-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (antibodies) frequently express constitutive functions. Two such functions are nucleophilic catalysis and the reversible binding to B-cell superantigens. Constitutive or "naturally-occurring" antibodies are produced spontaneously from germline genetic information. The antibody structural elements mediating the constitutive functions have originated over millions of years of phylogenic evolution, contrasting with antigen-driven, somatic sequence diversification of the complementarity determining regions (CDR) that underlies the better-known high affinity antigen binding function of antibodies. Often, the framework regions (FRs) play a dominant role in antibody constitutive functions. Catalytic antibody subsets with promiscuous, autoantigen-directed and microbe-directed specificities have been identified. Mucosal antibodies may be specialized to express high-level catalytic activity against microbes transmitted by the mucosal route, exemplified by constitutive production of IgA class antibodies in mucosal secretions that catalyze the cleavage of HIV gp120. Catalytic specificity can be gained by constitutive noncovalent superantigen binding at the FRs and by adaptive development of noncovalent classical antigen or superantigen binding, respectively, at the CDRs and FRs. Growing evidence suggests important functional roles for catalytic antibodies in homeostasis, autoimmune disease and protection against infection. Adaptive antibody responses to microbial superantigens are proscribed underphysiological circumstances. Covalent electrophilic immunogen binding to constitutively expressed nucleophilic sites in B-cell receptors bypasses the restriction on adaptive antibody production, and simultaneous occupancy of the CDR binding site by a stimulatory antigenic epitope can also overcome the downregulatory effect of superantigen binding at the FRs. These concepts may be useful for developing novel vaccines that capitalize and improve on constitutive antibody functions for protection against microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Paul
- Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Texas, USA.
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21
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Chuang YC, Lei HY, Lin YS, Liu HS, Wu HL, Yeh TM. Dengue virus-induced autoantibodies bind to plasminogen and enhance its activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:6483-90. [PMID: 22079981 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus infection can lead to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in patients. Abnormal activation of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system is one of the hallmarks associated with DHF/DSS patients. However, the mechanisms that cause pathology in DHF/DSS patients are still unclear. Because conversion of plasminogen (Plg) to plasmin (Plm) is the first step in the activation of fibrinolysis, Abs against Plg found in DHF/DSS patients may be important. Therefore, to investigate the specificity, function, and possible origin of these Abs, we generated several Plg cross-reactive mAbs from DENV-immunized mice. An IgG mAb, 6H11, which recognizes an epitope associated with a dengue envelope protein, demonstrated a high level of cross-reactivity with Plg. The 6H11 Ab was further characterized with regard to its effect on Plg activation. Using Plm-specific chromogenic substrate S-2251, we found that mAb 6H11 demonstrated serine protease activity and could convert Plg directly to Plm. The serine protease activity of mAb 6H11 was further confirmed using serine protease chromogenic substrate S-2288. In addition, we found several Plg cross-reactive mAbs that could enhance urokinase-induced Plg activation. Lastly, mAb 6H11 could induce Plm activity and increase the level of D-dimer (a fibrin degradation product) in both human and mouse platelet-poor plasma. Taken together, these data suggest DENV-induced Plg cross-reactive Abs may enhance Plg conversion to Plm, which would be expected to contribute to hyperfibrinolysis in DHF/DSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
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22
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Alessandri C, Conti F, Pendolino M, Mancini R, Valesini G. New autoantigens in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:609-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Weng CT, Chung TJ, Liu MF, Weng MY, Lee CH, Chen JY, Wu AB, Lin BW, Luo CY, Hsu SC, Lee BF, Tsai HM, Chao SC, Wang JY, Chen TY, Chen CW, Chang HY, Wang CR. A retrospective study of pulmonary infarction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from southern Taiwan. Lupus 2011; 20:876-85. [PMID: 21693494 DOI: 10.1177/0961203311401458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Since large-scale reports of pulmonary infarction in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are limited, a retrospective study was performed for this manifestation in 773 hospitalized patients in southern Taiwan from 1999 to 2009. Pulmonary infarction was defined as the presence of pulmonary embolism, persistent pulmonary infiltrates, and characteristic clinical symptoms. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological images data were analyzed. There were 12 patients with pulmonary embolism and 9 of them had antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Six patients (19 to 53 years, average 38.2 ± 12.6) with 9 episodes of lung infarction were identified. All cases were APS and four episodes had coincidental venous thromboembolism. There were four episodes of bilateral infarction and seven episodes of larger central pulmonary artery embolism. Heparin therapy was routinely prescribed and thrombolytic agents were added in two episodes. Successful recovery was noted in all patients. In conclusion, there was a 0.8% incidence of pulmonary infarction in patients with SLE, all with the risk factor of APS. Differentiation between pulmonary infarction and pneumonia in lupus patients should be made; they have similar chest radiography with lung consolidation but require a different clinical approach in management. Although this report is a retrospective study with relatively small numbers of lupus patients with lung infarcts, our observation might provide beneficial information on the clinical features and radiological presentations during the disease evolution of pulmonary infarction in SLE with APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- CT Weng
- Section of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and Dou-Liou Branch, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - TJ Chung
- Department of Radiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - MF Liu
- Section of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and Dou-Liou Branch, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - MY Weng
- Section of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and Dou-Liou Branch, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - CH Lee
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - JY Chen
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - AB Wu
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - BW Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - CY Luo
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - SC Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - BF Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - HM Tsai
- Department of Radiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - SC Chao
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - JY Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - TY Chen
- Section of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - CW Chen
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - HY Chang
- Section of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - CR Wang
- Section of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and Dou-Liou Branch, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
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