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Roviello G, Nardone V, Bonetta A, Correale P, Molteni A, Lazzari MC, Generali D. Effects of Whole Pelvic Radiotherapy on the Distribution of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Prostate Cancer Patients. Am J Clin Oncol 2022; 45:105-111. [PMID: 35081052 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the current study, we have investigated the effects of the different modalities of treatment (volume of radiotherapy [RT], previous surgery) as well as the Gleason score of prostate cancer (PC) on the lymphocyte composition of PC patients undergoing RT. METHODS This is a monoinstitutional study that prospectively included PC patients that underwent RT from January 2016 until December 2017. To compare the different evaluations, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used among 2 times (Timepoint 0 to Timepoint 1). Percentage variation was calculated for all the lymphocyte subpopulation and was correlated with clinical parameters (previous surgery, Gleason score, and pelvic irradiation) with the χ2 test. The statistical analysis was repeated also on the stratified dataset according to the above parameters (previous surgery, Gleason score, and whole pelvic radiotherapy [WPRT]). RESULTS One hundred and eleven patients were included in the present analysis. All the lymphocyte subpopulations resulted significantly lower after RT. The modifications of several lymphocyte subpopulations correlated with previous surgery, Gleason score, and WPRT, although stratified analysis demonstrated that WPRT showed the greatest correlation. CONCLUSION Our results could be used to design a prospective trial in order to study the use of WPRT on the lymphocyte subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerio Nardone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples
| | | | - Pierpaolo Correale
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Grand Metropolitan Hospital "Bianchi Melacrino Morelli" Reggio Calabria
| | | | | | - Daniele Generali
- Breast Cancer Unit and Traslational Research Unit, ASST Cremona
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Beyls E, Baeyens A, Vral A. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay for cryopreserved whole blood. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1252-1260. [PMID: 34138661 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1941378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay is a widely used technique in basic radiobiology research, human biomonitoring studies and in vitro radiosensitivity testing. Fresh whole blood cultures are commonly used for these purposes, but immediate processing of fresh samples can be logistically challenging. Therefore, we aimed at establishing a protocol for the MN assay on cryopreserved whole blood, followed by a thorough evaluation of the reliability of this assay for use in radiosensitivity assessment in patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole blood samples of 20 healthy donors and 4 patients with a primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) were collected to compare the results obtained with the MN assay performed on fresh versus cryopreserved whole blood samples. MN yields were scored after irradiation with 220 kV X-rays (dose rate 3 Gy/min), with doses ranging from 0.5-2 Gy. RESULTS The application of the MN assay on cryopreserved blood samples was successful in all analyzed samples. The radiation-induced MN and NDI scores in fresh and cryopreserved blood cultures were found to be similar. Acceptable inter-individual and intra-individual variabilities in MN yields were observed. Repeated analysis of cryopreserved blood cultures originating from the same blood sample, thawed at different time points, revealed that MN values remain stable for cryopreservation periods up to one year. Finally, radiosensitive patients were successfully identified using the MN assay on cryopreserved samples. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the first report of the successful use of cryopreserved whole blood samples for application of the MN assay. The data presented here demonstrate that the MN assay performed on cryopreserved whole blood is reliable for radiosensitivity testing. Our results also support its wider use in epidemiological, biomonitoring and genotoxicity studies. The presented method of cryopreservation of blood samples might also benefit other assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Beyls
- Radiobiology Research Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ans Baeyens
- Radiobiology Research Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Vral
- Radiobiology Research Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Use of biological dosimetry to confirm radiation exposure: Case study. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Micronucleus Assay: The State of Art, and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041534. [PMID: 32102335 PMCID: PMC7073234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During almost 40 years of use, the micronucleus assay (MN) has become one of the most popular methods to assess genotoxicity of different chemical and physical factors, including ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. In this minireview, we focus on the position of MN among the other genotoxicity tests, its usefulness in different applications and visibility by international organizations, such as International Atomic Energy Agency, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and International Organization for Standardization. In addition, the mechanism of micronuclei formation is discussed. Finally, foreseen directions of the MN development are pointed, such as automation, buccal cells MN and chromothripsis phenomenon.
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Vinnikov V, Belyakov O. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF BIOMARKERS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE: LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS THROUGH COORDINATED RESEARCH. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 186:3-8. [PMID: 30916766 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dosimetric biomarkers have been effectively and intensively used for a long time in the area of radiation protection. In contrast to that, no robust standards or widely accepted protocols for application of these end-points in radiotherapy, diagnostic and interventional radiology and nuclear medicine exist to date. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) organized the review of the available data on the possibilities of the use of dosimetric biomarkers in medical irradiation scenarios. The resultant Technical Report also contains a summary of identified problems, gaps in knowledge, limitations in methodology and recommendations for their overcoming. This work provided a conceptual background for the initiation of a new IAEA Coordinated Research Project E35010, MEDBIODOSE (2017-21), which is aimed specifically at the development and improvement of applications of biodosimetric markers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Vinnikov
- Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology of the National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Pushkinskaya St. 82, Kharkiv 61024, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Belyakov
- The International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, Wagramerstrasse 5, Vienna, Austria
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Maznyk N, Sypko T, Starenkiy V. Cytogenetic effects in cancer patients lymphocytes depending on the radiation source and the locality of radiation exposure in experiment ex vivo. SCIENCERISE: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.15587/2519-8025.2019.178907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Monteiro Gil O, Vaz P, Romm H, De Angelis C, Antunes AC, Barquinero JF, Beinke C, Bortolin E, Burbidge CI, Cucu A, Della Monaca S, Domene MM, Fattibene P, Gregoire E, Hadjidekova V, Kulka U, Lindholm C, Meschini R, M’Kacher R, Moquet J, Oestreicher U, Palitti F, Pantelias G, Montoro Pastor A, Popescu IA, Quattrini MC, Ricoul M, Rothkamm K, Sabatier L, Sebastià N, Sommer S, Terzoudi G, Testa A, Trompier F, Vral A. Capabilities of the RENEB network for research and large scale radiological and nuclear emergency situations. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:136-141. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1227107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Octávia Monteiro Gil
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela-LRS, Portugal
| | - Pedro Vaz
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela-LRS, Portugal
| | - Horst Romm
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Department Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | | | - Ana Catarina Antunes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela-LRS, Portugal
| | | | - Christina Beinke
- Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christopher Ian Burbidge
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela-LRS, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Cucu
- Institutul National de Sanatate Publica, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Eric Gregoire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Valeria Hadjidekova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection (NCRRP), Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ulrike Kulka
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Department Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | | | - Roberta Meschini
- Department of Ecological & Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Radhia M’Kacher
- Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique, PROCyTOX, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Jayne Moquet
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemicals and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Ursula Oestreicher
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Department Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Palitti
- Department of Ecological & Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gabriel Pantelias
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Michelle Ricoul
- Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique, PROCyTOX, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemicals and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laure Sabatier
- Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique, PROCyTOX, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | | | | | - Georgia Terzoudi
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonella Testa
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - François Trompier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Anne Vral
- Ghent University, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
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Zotina T, Medvedeva M, Trofimova E, Alexandrova Y, Dementyev D, Bolsunovsky A. Chromosomal abnormalities in roots of aquatic plant Elodea canadensis as a tool for testing genotoxicity of bottom sediments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:384-391. [PMID: 26342689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Submersed freshwater macrophytes are considered as relevant indicators for use in bulk bottom sediment contact tests. The purpose of this study was to estimate the validity of endpoints of aquatic plant Elodea canadensis for laboratory genotoxicity testing of natural bottom sediments. The inherent level of chromosome abnormalities (on artificial sediments) in roots of E. canadensis under laboratory conditions was lower than the percentage of abnormal cells in bulk sediments from the Yenisei River. The percentage of abnormal cells in roots of E. canadensis was more sensitive to the presence of genotoxic agents in laboratory contact tests than in the natural population of the plant. The spectra of chromosomal abnormalities that occur in roots of E. canadensis under natural conditions in the Yenisei River and in laboratory contact tests on the bulk bottom sediments from the Yenisei River were similar. Hence, chromosome abnormalities in roots of E. canadensis can be used as a relevant and sensitive genotoxicity endpoint in bottom sediment-contact tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Zotina
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
| | - Marina Medvedeva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
| | - Elena Trofimova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
| | - Yuliyana Alexandrova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Dementyev
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
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Zotina TA, Trofimova EA, Medvedeva MY, Dementyev DV, Bolsunovsky AY. Use of the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis to assess toxicity and genotoxicity of Yenisei River sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:2310-21. [PMID: 25940213 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of bulk sediments from the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia) were estimated in laboratory bioassays based on several endpoints in the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis. The bottom sediment samples were collected in the Yenisei River upstream and downstream of the sources of chemical and radioactive contamination. The testing revealed different sensitivities of Elodea endpoints to the quality of the bottom sediment: weight of shoots < length of shoots < mitotic index < length of roots < percentage of abnormal cells. The response of the genotoxicity endpoint (percentage of cells with chromosome abnormalities in roots of Elodea) was the highest in sediments with chemical pollution, whereas the highest inhibition of toxicity endpoints (shoot and root length) occurred in sediments with the highest level of radioactive pollution. The extreme response of Elodea endpoints to the quality of certain sediment samples may be regarded as related to the possible presence of unknown toxicants. The results show that E. canadensis can be used as an indicator species in laboratory contact testing of bottom sediment. The responses of shoot and root length growth endpoints of Elodea can be recommended as basic sensitivity indicators of bottom sediment toxicity. Analysis of cells carrying abnormal chromosomes in the apical root meristem of Elodea can be performed optionally in the same test to assess the genotoxicity of sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Zotina
- Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena A Trofimova
- Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Marina Yu Medvedeva
- Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Dementyev
- Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Ya Bolsunovsky
- Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Pajic J, Rakic B, Rovcanin B, Jovicic D, Novakovic I, Milovanovic A, Pajic V. Inter-individual variability in the response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to ionizing radiation: comparison of the dicentric and micronucleus assays. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2015; 54:317-325. [PMID: 25903986 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation can induce a wide range of DNA damage that leads to chromosomal aberrations. Some of those aberrations (dicentrics and micronuclei) are applied in biodosimetry. Biological dosimetry assumes similar radiosensitivity of each donor, but it does not exclude inter-individual variations in radiation susceptibility. Therefore, for biological reasons, it is always challenging to investigate inter-individual variability in response to radiation. For mechanistic reasons, it is also interesting to investigate the correlation between dicentric and micronuclei formation in response to radiation. In this experiment, irradiated blood specimens from 14 healthy male and female donors have been used to evaluate inter-individual variability in response to the genotoxic effects of X-ray radiation, as well as the dose-response relationship and test sensitivity using two endpoints (dicentrics and micronuclei). The results showed similar patterns of cytogenetic biomarker distribution between donors, but differences in the response of some donors at some doses. Data also showed that responses of male donors were better detected using the dicentric test, while for females, micronucleus frequencies were higher in response to the same dose of radiation. No influence of smoking status or age on specific responses was observed. Group variability in response to radiation was evaluated using coefficient of variation for each group of individuals irradiated with the same doses; as the dose increases, group variability becomes substantially lower. Despite sporadic inter-individual variability, trend of radiation-induced changes was similar. Produced calibration curves for both types of damage revealed dicentrics as genetic damage more typical for radiation than micronuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Deligradska 29, Belgrade, Serbia,
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Medvedeva MY, Bolsunovsky AY, Zotina TA. Cytogenetic abnormalities in aquatic plant Elodea canadensis in anthropogenic contamination zone of Yenisei River. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425514040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Omaruddin RA, Roland TA, Wallace HJ, Chaudhry MA. Gene expression as a biomarker for human radiation exposure. Hum Cell 2013; 26:2-7. [PMID: 23446844 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-013-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Accidental exposure to ionizing radiation can be unforeseen, rapid, and devastating. The detonation of a radiological device leading to such an exposure can be detrimental to the exposed population. The radiation-induced damage may manifest as acute effects that can be detected clinically or may be more subtle effects that can lead to long-term radiation-induced abnormalities. Accurate identification of the individuals exposed to radiation is challenging. The availability of a rapid and effective screening test that could be used as a biomarker of radiation exposure detection is mandatory. We tested the suitability of alterations in gene expression to serve as a biomarker of human radiation exposure. To develop a useful gene expression biomonitor, however, gene expression changes occurring in response to irradiation in vivo must be measured directly. Patients undergoing radiation therapy provide a suitable test population for this purpose. We examined the expression of CC3, MADH7, and SEC PRO in blood samples of these patients before and after radiotherapy to measure the in vivo response. The gene expression after ionizing radiation treatment varied among different patients, suggesting the complexity of the response. The expression of the SEC PRO gene was repressed in most of the patients. The MADH7 gene was found to be upregulated in most of the subjects and could serve as a molecular marker of radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romaica A Omaruddin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, University of Vermont, 302 Rowell Building, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Martins V, Antunes AC, Monteiro Gil O. Implementation of a dose-response curve for γ-radiation in the Portuguese population by use of the chromosomal aberration assay. Mutat Res 2012; 750:50-4. [PMID: 23043763 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro dose-response curve following exposure to γ-radiation was determined at the IST/ITN, by use of the chromosomal aberration assay. This is the first study of this kind carried out among the Portuguese population. Un-irradiated and γ-irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes from 16 healthy donors were cultured. A total of 22,395 metaphases were analyzed for frequency and distribution of dicentrics and centric rings, as a function of the radiation dose. The dose-response data for dicentrics and dicentrics plus centric rings were fitted by use of a linear-quadratic model: Y(dic)=(0.0011±0.0006)+(0.0105±0.0035)D+(0.0480±0.0019)D(2) and Y(dic+rings)=(0.0011±0.0006)+(0.0095±0.0036)D+(0.0536±0.0020)D(2). Also, calibration curves related to age and gender were determined, but no significant differences were found. Following the establishment of the dose-response curves, a validation experiment was carried out with three individuals. Real and estimated doses, obtained with the dose-response curves, were in agreement. These results give us confidence to apply both dose-response calibration curves in future biological dosimetry requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Martins
- IST/ITN - Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
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Martins V, Antunes A, Cardoso J, Santos L, Gil OM. Influence of age and gender in response to γ-radiation in Portuguese individuals using chromosomal aberration assay – Preliminary findings. RADIAT MEAS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Templin T, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ, Smilenov LB. Whole mouse blood microRNA as biomarkers for exposure to γ-rays and (56)Fe ion. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 87:653-62. [PMID: 21271940 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.549537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biomarkers of ionising radiation exposure are useful in a variety of scenarios, such as medical diagnostic imaging, occupational exposures, and spaceflight. This study investigates to what extent microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures in mouse peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for exposures to radiation with low and high linear energy transfers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were irradiated with doses of 0.5, 1.5, or 5.0 Gy γ-rays (dose rate of 0.0136 Gy/s) or with doses of 0.1 or 0.5 Gy (56)Fe ions (dose rate of 0.00208 Gy/s). Total RNA was isolated from whole blood at 6 h or 24 h after irradiation. Three animals per irradiation condition were used. Differentially expressed miRNA were determined by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS miRNA expression signatures were radiation type-specific and dose- and time-dependent. The differentially expressed miRNA were expressed in either one condition (71%) or multiple conditions (29%). Classifiers based on the differentially expressed miRNA predicted radiation type or dose with accuracies between 75% and 100%. Gene-ontology analyses show that miRNA induced by irradiation are involved in the control of several biological processes, such as mRNA transcription regulation, nucleic-acid metabolism, and development. CONCLUSION miRNA signatures induced by ionising radiation in mouse blood are radiation type- and radiation dose-specific. These findings underline the complexity of the radiation response and the importance of miRNA in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Templin
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Pinto MMPDL, Santos NFG, Amaral A. Current status of biodosimetry based on standard cytogenetic methods. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2010; 49:567-81. [PMID: 20617329 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-010-0311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about dose levels in radiation protection is an important step for risk assessment. However, in most cases of real or suspected accidental exposures to ionizing radiation (IR), physical dosimetry cannot be performed for retrospective estimates. In such situations, biological dosimetry has been proposed as an alternative for investigation. Briefly, biodosimetry can be defined as individual dose evaluation based on biological endpoints induced by IR (so-called biomarkers). The relationship between biological endpoints and absorbed dose is not always straightforward: nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, for example, are the most well-known biological effects of individual irradiation, but a precise correlation between those symptoms and absorbed dose is hardly achieved. The scoring of unstable chromosomal-type aberrations (such as dicentrics and rings) and micronuclei in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood, up till today, has been the most extensively biodosimetry assay employed for such purposes. Dicentric assay is the gold standard in biodosimetry, since its presence is generally considered to be specific to radiation exposure; scoring of micronuclei (a kind of by-product of chromosomal damages) is easier and faster than that of dicentrics for dose assessment. In this context, the aim of this work is to present an overview on biodosimetry based on standard cytogenetic methods, highlighting its advantages and limitations as tool in monitoring of radiation workers' doses or investigation into accidental exposures. Recent advances and perspectives are also briefly presented.
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Pandey BN, Kumar A, Tiwari P, Mishra KP. Radiobiological basis in management of accidental radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 86:613-35. [DOI: 10.3109/09553001003746059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Les micronoyaux, un biomarqueur de susceptibilité ? ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Turkmen C, Ozturk S, Unal SN, Zulfikar B, Taser O, Sanli Y, Cefle K, Kilicoglu O, Palanduz S. The genotoxic effects in lymphocyte cultures of children treated with radiosynovectomy by using yttrium-90 citrate colloid. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2007; 22:393-9. [PMID: 17651045 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2006.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effect on the peripheral blood lymphocytes potentially induced by yttrium-90 citrate colloid (Y-90) in children who were undergoing radiosynovectomy for hemophilic synovitis, using chromosomal aberration analysis (CA) and the micronuclei (MN) assay for detecting chromosomal aberrations, as well as the sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) technique for assessed DNA damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytogenetic analyses were undertaken in 18 boys (mean age, 14.5 +/- 2.1 years) with hemophilic synovitis who underwent radiosynovectomy with Y-90. CA, MN, and SCE were evaluated just prior to, then at 2 and 90 days following radiosynovectomy from the peripheral lymphocytes of the children. An activity of 185 MBq of Y-90 was injected into the 18 knee joints under aseptic conditions. To check the possibility of leakage from the joint and its migration within the body, the patients underwent scanning under a dual-headed gamma camera at the hours 2 and 48 following the procedure. RESULTS The procedure was well tolerated in all the children, and there was no extra-articular activity owing to extra-articular leakage of radioactive material in whole-body imaging. The mean frequency of CA in lymphocytes determined prior to the onset of therapy (0.31 +/- 0.48/900 cells) was not significantly increased, in comparison to the control values obtained 2 (0.30 +/- 0.48/900 cells) and 90 days (0.15 +/- 0.37/900 cells) after radiosynovectomy (p = 1.0 and 0.625, respectively). We observed that MN frequency was mildly increased in lymphocytes 2 days after therapy (8.30 +/- 1.89 MN/1000 binucleated cells vs. 9.23 +/- 1.79 MN/1000 binucleated cells; p = 0.013). But there was no significant difference between the baseline and the day 90 control levels of MN (p = 0.196). In the analysis of SCE frequency, there were no significant differences between the baseline (8.11 +/- 0.77) and the control analysis performed 2 and 90 days following radiosynovectomy (8.18 +/- 0.77 and 8.07 +/- 0.74; p = 0.710 and 0.662, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that high radiation doses are not obtained by peripheral lymphocytes of children who undergo Y-90 radiosynovectomy and, therefore, they contradict a high cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Turkmen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Turkmen C, Ozturk S, Unal SN, Zulfikar B, Taser O, Sanli Y, Cefle K, Kilicoglu O, Palanduz S, Ozel S. Monitoring the genotoxic effects of radiosynovectomy with Re-186 in paediatric age group undergoing therapy for haemophilic synovitis. Haemophilia 2007; 13:57-64. [PMID: 17212726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2006.01406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effect on the peripheral blood lymphocytes potentially induced by Re-186 in paediatric age group undergoing radiosynovectomy for haemophilic synovitis, by using chromosomal aberration analysis (CA) and the micronuclei (MN) assay for detecting chromosomal aberrations, as well as the sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) technique for assessing DNA damage. METHODS Cytogenetic analyses were evaluated in 20 boys (mean age: 13.8 +/- 2.7 years) before, and 2 and 90 days after radiosynovectomy from the peripheral lymphocytes of the patients. Joint retention and extra-articular spread of the radionuclides were evaluated by using quantitative gamma camera imaging. RESULTS Imaging after radiosynovectomy revealed local lymph node visualization in 8 (40%) patients and hepatosplenic visualization in 3 (15%) patients due to extra-articular leakage of radioactive material. The mean frequency of chromosome aberrations (0.2 +/- 0.4/1000 cells) determined prior to the onset of therapy was not significantly increased in comparison with control values obtained 2 days (0.4 +/- 0.5/1000 cells) and 90 days (0.2 +/- 0.4/1000 cells) after therapy (P = 0.754 and P = 1.0). In the analysis of MN and SCE, when we compare the baseline levels, the mean MN and SCE frequencies were slightly higher in the control analyses performed 2 and 90 days after radiosynovectomy but there were no significant differences between baseline and control levels (chi(2) = 2.621, P = 0.270 and F = 0.573, P = 0.569, respectively). CONCLUSION The major finding of this study with relatively small sample is that, radiosynovectomy with Re-186 does not seem to induce early genotoxic effects on the peripheral blood lymphocytes in paediatric age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Turkmen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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