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Belov O, Chigasova A, Pustovalova M, Osipov A, Eremin P, Vorobyeva N, Osipov AN. Dose-Dependent Shift in Relative Contribution of Homologous Recombination to DNA Repair after Low-LET Ionizing Radiation Exposure: Empirical Evidence and Numerical Simulation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7352-7373. [PMID: 37754249 PMCID: PMC10528584 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relative contributions of different repair pathways to radiation-induced DNA damage responses remains a challenging issue in terms of studying the radiation injury endpoints. The comparative manifestation of homologous recombination (HR) after irradiation with different doses greatly determines the overall effectiveness of recovery in a dividing cell after irradiation, since HR is an error-free mechanism intended to perform the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) during S/G2 phases of the cell cycle. In this article, we present experimentally observed evidence of dose-dependent shifts in the relative contributions of HR in human fibroblasts after X-ray exposure at doses in the range 20-1000 mGy, which is also supported by quantitative modeling of DNA DSB repair. Our findings indicate that the increase in the radiation dose leads to a dose-dependent decrease in the relative contribution of HR in the entire repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Belov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie St., 141980 Dubna, Russia;
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 76A Khoroshevskoye Shosse, 123007 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of System Analysis and Management, Dubna State University, 19 Universitetskaya St., 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Anna Chigasova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.O.); (N.V.)
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita Pustovalova
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC—FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia;
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Andrey Osipov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.O.); (N.V.)
| | - Petr Eremin
- FSBI “National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology”, Ministry of Health of Russia, 121099 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.O.); (N.V.)
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC—FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andreyan N. Osipov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie St., 141980 Dubna, Russia;
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.O.); (N.V.)
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC—FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia;
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
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Gaddini L, Bernardo A, Greco A, Campa A, Esposito G, Matteucci A. Adaptive Response in Rat Retinal Cell Cultures Irradiated with γ-rays. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031972. [PMID: 36768293 PMCID: PMC9916556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Retina can receive incidental γ-ray exposure from various sources. For example, although radiation therapy is a crucial tool for managing head and neck tumors, patients may develop ocular complications as collateral damage from accidental irradiation. Recently, there has been concern that retinal irradiation during space flight may compromise mission goals and long-term quality of life after space travel. Previously, in our in vitro model, we proved that immature retinal cells are more vulnerable to γ-radiation than differentiated neurons. Here, we investigate if a low-dose pre-irradiation (0.025 Gy), known to have a protective effect in various contexts, can affect DNA damage and oxidative stress in cells exposed to a high dose of γ-rays (2 Gy). Our results reveal that pre-irradiation reduces 2 Gy effects in apoptotic cell number, H2AX phosphorylation and oxidative stress. These defensive effects are also evident in glial cells (reduction in GFAP and ED1 levels) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase and CuZnSOD). Overall, our results confirm that rat retinal cultures can be an exciting tool to study γ-irradiation toxic effects on retinal tissue and speculate that low irradiation may enhance the skill of retinal cells to reduce damage induced by higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gaddini
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonietta Bernardo
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anita Greco
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Campa
- National Centre for Radiation Protecti on and Computational Physics, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione Roma 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Matteucci
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Kalospyros SA, Nikitaki Z, Kyriakou I, Kokkoris M, Emfietzoglou D, Georgakilas AG. A Mathematical Radiobiological Model (MRM) to Predict Complex DNA Damage and Cell Survival for Ionizing Particle Radiations of Varying Quality. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040840. [PMID: 33562730 PMCID: PMC7914858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting radiobiological effects is important in different areas of basic or clinical applications using ionizing radiation (IR); for example, towards optimizing radiation protection or radiation therapy protocols. In this case, we utilized as a basis the ‘MultiScale Approach (MSA)’ model and developed an integrated mathematical radiobiological model (MRM) with several modifications and improvements. Based on this new adaptation of the MSA model, we have predicted cell-specific levels of initial complex DNA damage and cell survival for irradiation with 11Β, 12C, 14Ν, 16Ο, 20Νe, 40Αr, 28Si and 56Fe ions by using only three input parameters (particle’s LET and two cell-specific parameters: the cross sectional area of each cell nucleus and its genome size). The model-predicted survival curves are in good agreement with the experimental ones. The particle Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) and Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER) are also calculated in a very satisfactory way. The proposed integrated MRM model (within current limitations) can be a useful tool for the assessment of radiation biological damage for ions used in hadron-beam radiation therapy or radiation protection purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A. Kalospyros
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Zografou, Greece; (S.A.K.); (Z.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Zacharenia Nikitaki
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Zografou, Greece; (S.A.K.); (Z.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Ioanna Kyriakou
- Medical Physics Lab, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (I.K.); (D.E.)
| | - Michael Kokkoris
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Zografou, Greece; (S.A.K.); (Z.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Dimitris Emfietzoglou
- Medical Physics Lab, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (I.K.); (D.E.)
| | - Alexandros G. Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Zografou, Greece; (S.A.K.); (Z.N.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-772-4453
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4
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The role of connexin proteins and their channels in radiation-induced atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3087-3103. [PMID: 33388835 PMCID: PMC8038956 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for breast cancer and other thoracic tumors. However, while high-energy radiotherapy treatment successfully kills cancer cells, radiation exposure of the heart and large arteries cannot always be avoided, resulting in secondary cardiovascular disease in cancer survivors. Radiation-induced changes in the cardiac vasculature may thereby lead to coronary artery atherosclerosis, which is a major cardiovascular complication nowadays in thoracic radiotherapy-treated patients. The underlying biological and molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced atherosclerosis are complex and still not fully understood, resulting in potentially improper radiation protection. Ionizing radiation (IR) exposure may damage the vascular endothelium by inducing DNA damage, oxidative stress, premature cellular senescence, cell death and inflammation, which act to promote the atherosclerotic process. Intercellular communication mediated by connexin (Cx)-based gap junctions and hemichannels may modulate IR-induced responses and thereby the atherosclerotic process. However, the role of endothelial Cxs and their channels in atherosclerotic development after IR exposure is still poorly defined. A better understanding of the underlying biological pathways involved in secondary cardiovascular toxicity after radiotherapy would facilitate the development of effective strategies that prevent or mitigate these adverse effects. Here, we review the possible roles of intercellular Cx driven signaling and communication in radiation-induced atherosclerosis.
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Pathomburi J, Nalampang S, Makeudom A, Klangjorhor J, Supanchart C, Krisanaprakornkit S. Effects of low-dose irradiation on human osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104557. [PMID: 31557575 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of dental x-ray on proliferation and mineralization in human primary osteoblasts as well as on proliferation and apoptotic potential in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. DESIGN Primary osteoblasts and PDL cells were irradiated with various doses of periapical radiography by repeated exposures and further incubated for 1, 3 or 7 days. Cell proliferation was assayed by BrdU incorporation. The effect of dental x-ray on mineralization in osteoblasts either before or after x-ray exposures was determined by Alizarin red staining. Both mRNA and protein expressions of BCL-2, an anti-apoptotic gene, and BAX, a pro-apoptotic gene, in PDL cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting analysis, respectively. RESULTS Neither the proliferative nor the mineralization ability of irradiated osteoblasts was different from that of non-irradiated osteoblasts at any doses or time points. By contrast, there was a significant decrease in the proliferation of PDL cells on day 3 after repeated exposures to dental x-ray for 20 times (P < 0.05), whereas the ratio of BCL-2 to BAX mRNA and protein expressions in these irradiated PDL cells was significantly increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Upon multiple exposures to dental x-ray used in intraoral radiography up to 20 times, there is no effect on the proliferation or the mineralization of osteoblasts, whereas the proliferative and apoptotic potentials of PDL cells are transiently decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarinya Pathomburi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakarat Nalampang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anupong Makeudom
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jeerawan Klangjorhor
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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6
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Leblanc JE, Burtt JJ. Radiation Biology and Its Role in the Canadian Radiation Protection Framework. HEALTH PHYSICS 2019; 117:319-329. [PMID: 30907783 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The linear no-threshold (linear-non-threshold) model is a dose-response model that has long served as the foundation of the international radiation protection framework, which includes the Canadian regulatory framework. Its purpose is to inform the choice of appropriate dose limits and subsequent as low as reasonably achievable requirements, social and economic factors taken into account. The linear no-threshold model assumes that the risk of developing cancer increases proportionately with increasing radiation dose. The linear no-threshold model has historically been applied by extrapolating the risk of cancer at high doses (>1,000 mSv) down to low doses in a linear manner. As the health effects of radiation exposure at low doses remain ambiguous, reducing uncertainties found in cancer risk dose-response models can be achieved through in vitro and animal-based studies. The purpose of this critical review is to analyze whether the linear no-threshold model is still applicable for use by modern nuclear regulators for radiation protection purposes, or if there is sufficient scientific evidence supporting an alternate model from which to derive regulatory dose limits.
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Tharmalingam S, Sreetharan S, Brooks AL, Boreham DR. Re-evaluation of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model using new paradigms and modern molecular studies. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 301:54-67. [PMID: 30763548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The linear no-threshold (LNT) model is currently used to estimate low dose radiation (LDR) induced health risks. This model lacks safety thresholds and postulates that health risks caused by ionizing radiation is directly proportional to dose. Therefore even the smallest radiation dose has the potential to cause an increase in cancer risk. Advances in LDR biology and cell molecular techniques demonstrate that the LNT model does not appropriately reflect the biology or the health effects at the low dose range. The main pitfall of the LNT model is due to the extrapolation of mutation and DNA damage studies that were conducted at high radiation doses delivered at a high dose-rate. These studies formed the basis of several outdated paradigms that are either incorrect or do not hold for LDR doses. Thus, the goal of this review is to summarize the modern cellular and molecular literature in LDR biology and provide new paradigms that better represent the biological effects in the low dose range. We demonstrate that LDR activates a variety of cellular defense mechanisms including DNA repair systems, programmed cell death (apoptosis), cell cycle arrest, senescence, adaptive memory, bystander effects, epigenetics, immune stimulation, and tumor suppression. The evidence presented in this review reveals that there are minimal health risks (cancer) with LDR exposure, and that a dose higher than some threshold value is necessary to achieve the harmful effects classically observed with high doses of radiation. Knowledge gained from this review can help the radiation protection community in making informed decisions regarding radiation policy and limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
| | - Shayenthiran Sreetharan
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Antone L Brooks
- Environmental Science, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R Boreham
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada; Bruce Power, Tiverton, ON(3), UK.
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Abstract
Hormesis can be explained by evolutionary adaptation to the current level of a factor present in the natural environment or to some average from the past. This pertains also to ionizing radiation as the natural background has been decreasing during the time of the life existence. DNA damage and repair are normally in a dynamic balance. The conservative nature of the DNA repair suggests that cells may have retained some capability to repair damage from higher radiation levels than that existing today. According to this concept, the harm caused by radioactive contamination would tend to zero with a dose rate tending to a wide range level of the natural radiation background. Existing evidence in favor of hormesis is substantial, experimental data being partly at variance with results of epidemiological studies. Potential bias, systematic errors, and motives to exaggerate risks from low-dose low-rate ionizing radiation are discussed here. In conclusion, current radiation safety norms are exceedingly restrictive and should be revised on the basis of scientific evidence. Elevation of the limits must be accompanied by measures guaranteeing their observance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Jargin
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
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9
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Significance and nature of bystander responses induced by various agents. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:104-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ojima M, Iwashita K, Kashino G, Kobashigawa S, Sasano N, Takeshita A, Ban N, Kai M. Early and Delayed Induction of DSBs by Nontargeted Effects in ICR Mouse Lymphocytes after In Vivo X Irradiation. Radiat Res 2016; 186:65-70. [PMID: 27351761 DOI: 10.1667/rr14053.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine whether in vivo X irradiation induces nontargeted effects, such as delayed effects and bystander effects in ICR mouse lymphocytes. We first examined the generation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in lymphocytes, isolated from ICR mice exposed to 1 Gy X irradiation, by enumeration of p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) foci, and observed that the number of 53BP1 foci reached their maximum 3 days postirradiation and decreased to background level 30 days postirradiation. However, the number of 53BP1 foci was significantly increased in lymphocytes isolated from ICR mice 90-365 days postirradiation. This result indicates that in vivo X irradiation induced delayed DSBs in ICR mouse lymphocytes. We next counted the number of 53BP1 foci in lymphocytes isolated from sham-irradiated ICR mice that had been co-cultured with lymphocytes isolated from 1 Gy X-irradiated ICR mice, and observed a significant increase in the number of 53BP1 foci 1-7 days postirradiation. This result indicates that in vivo X irradiation induced bystander effects in ICR mouse lymphocytes. These findings suggest that in vivo X irradiation induces early and delayed nontargeted effects in ICR mouse lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Ojima
- a Department of Environmental Health Science, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita 840-1201, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwashita
- a Department of Environmental Health Science, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita 840-1201, Japan
| | - Genro Kashino
- b Advanced Molecular Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
| | - Shinko Kobashigawa
- b Advanced Molecular Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
| | - Noriko Sasano
- a Department of Environmental Health Science, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita 840-1201, Japan
| | - Akiko Takeshita
- a Department of Environmental Health Science, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita 840-1201, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ban
- c Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo 152-8558, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kai
- a Department of Environmental Health Science, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita 840-1201, Japan
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Hauptmann M, Haghdoost S, Gomolka M, Sarioglu H, Ueffing M, Dietz A, Kulka U, Unger K, Babini G, Harms-Ringdahl M, Ottolenghi A, Hornhardt S. Differential Response and Priming Dose Effect on the Proteome of Human Fibroblast and Stem Cells Induced by Exposure to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation. Radiat Res 2016; 185:299-312. [PMID: 26934482 DOI: 10.1667/rr14226.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that a mechanistic understanding of the cellular responses to low dose and dose rate may be valuable in reducing some of the uncertainties involved in current risk estimates for cancer- and non-cancer-related radiation effects that are inherited in the linear no-threshold hypothesis. In this study, the effects of low-dose radiation on the proteome in both human fibroblasts and stem cells were investigated. Particular emphasis was placed on examining: 1. the dose-response relationships for the differential expression of proteins in the low-dose range (40-140 mGy) of low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation; and 2. the effect on differential expression of proteins of a priming dose given prior to a challenge dose (adaptive response effects). These studies were performed on cultured human fibroblasts (VH10) and human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC). The results from the VH10 cell experiments demonstrated that low-doses of low-LET radiation induced unique patterns of differentially expressed proteins for each dose investigated. In addition, a low priming radiation dose significantly changed the protein expression induced by the subsequent challenge exposure. In the ADSC the number of differentially expressed proteins was markedly less compared to VH10 cells, indicating that ADSC differ in their intrinsic response to low doses of radiation. The proteomic results are further discussed in terms of possible pathways influenced by low-dose irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Hauptmann
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- c Center for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Gomolka
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Hakan Sarioglu
- b Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Protein Science, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- b Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Protein Science, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne Dietz
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kulka
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- d Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Radiation Cytogenetics, Neuherberg, Germany; and
| | | | - Mats Harms-Ringdahl
- c Center for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sabine Hornhardt
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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12
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Pauwels EK, Foray N, Bourguignon MH. Breast Cancer Induced by X-Ray Mammography Screening? A Review Based on Recent Understanding of Low-Dose Radiobiology. Med Princ Pract 2016; 25:101-9. [PMID: 26571215 PMCID: PMC5588356 DOI: 10.1159/000442442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening mammography offers the possibility of discovering malignant diseases at an early stage, which is consequently treated early, thereby reducing the mortality rate. However, ionizing radiation as used in low-dose X-ray mammography may be associated with a risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. In the context of the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, this article reviewed novel radiobiological data and provided a simulation of the relative incidence of radiation-induced breast cancer due to screening against a background baseline incidence in a population of 100,000 individuals. The use of modern digital mammographic technology was assumed, giving rise to a glandular dose of 2.5 mGy from a 2-view per breast image. Assuming no latency time, this led to a ratio of induced incidence rate over baseline incidence rate of about 1.6‰ for biennial screening in women aged 50-74 years, although it cannot be excluded that the dose and dose rate effectiveness factor values relying on new radiobiological insights may lower this number to about 0.7‰. This carcinogenic risk is considered small in relation to the potential beneficial effects of screening, especially as latency time was not taken into consideration. However, individuals who are known to be carriers of risk-increasing genetic variations and/or have an inherited disposition of breast cancer should avoid ionizing radiation as much as possible and should be referred to ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, a significant, but difficult to quantify, risk of cancer is present for individuals who suffer from hypersusceptibility to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest K.J. Pauwels
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Leiden, Leiden
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical School Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Prof. emer. Dr. E.K.J. Pauwels, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Via di San Gennaro 79B, IT—55010 Capannori (Italy), E-Mail
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Department of Radiobiology INSERM, UMR1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon
| | - Michel H. Bourguignon
- Department of Biophysics, University of Versailles, Paris, France
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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13
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Nenoi M, Wang B, Vares G. In vivo radioadaptive response: a review of studies relevant to radiation-induced cancer risk. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:272-83. [PMID: 24925363 PMCID: PMC4442823 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114537537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Radioadaptive response (RAR) describes phenomena where small conditioning doses of ionizing radiation (IR) reduce detrimental effects of subsequent higher IR doses. Current radiation protection regulations do not include RAR because of the large variability in expression among individuals and uncertainties of the mechanism. However, RAR should be regarded as an indispensable factor for estimation and control of individual IR sensitivity. In this article, RAR studies relevant to individual cancer risk are reviewed. Using various stains of mice, carcinogenic RAR has been demonstrated. Consistently much in vivo evidence for RAR with end points of DNA and chromosome damage is reported. Most in vivo RAR studies revealed efficient induction of RAR by chronic or repeated low-dose priming irradiation. Chronic IR-induced RAR was observed also in human individuals after environmental, occupational, and nuclear accident radiation exposure. These observations may be associated with an intrinsically distinct feature of in vivo experimental systems that mainly consist of nonproliferating mature cells. Alternatively, induction of RAR by gap junction-mediated bystander effects suggests that multicellular systems comprising densely communicating cells may be capable of responding to long-lasting low-dose-rate priming irradiation. Regulation by endocrine factors is also a plausible mechanism for RAR at an individual level. Emerging evidence suggests that glucocorticoids, known as stress hormones, participate in in vivo RAR induction following long-term low-dose-rate exposure to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nenoi
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - B Wang
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - G Vares
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Ojima M, Ito M, Suzuki K, Kai M. Unstable chromosome aberrations do not accumulate in normal human fibroblast after fractionated x-irradiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116645. [PMID: 25723489 PMCID: PMC4344221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the frequencies of dicentric chromosomes per cell in non-dividing confluent normal human fibroblasts (MRC-5) irradiated with a single 1 Gy dose or a fractionated 1 Gy dose (10X0.1 Gy, 5X0.2 Gy, and 2X0.5 Gy). The interval between fractions was between 1 min to 1440 min. After the completion of X-irradiation, the cells were incubated for 24 hours before re-plating at a low density. Then, demecolcine was administrated at 6 hours, and the first mitotic cells were collected for 42 hours. Our study demonstrated that frequencies of dicentric chromosomes in cells irradiated with a 1 Gy dose at different fractions were significantly reduced if the fraction interval was increased from 1 min to 5 min (p<0.05, χ2-test). Further increasing the fraction interval from 5 up to 1440 min did not significantly affect the frequency of dicentric chromosomes. Since misrejoining of two independent chromosome breaks introduced in close proximity gives rise to dicentric chromosome, our results indicated that such circumstances might be quite infrequent in cells exposed to fractionated X-irradiation with prolonged fraction intervals. Our findings should contribute to improve current estimation of cancer risk from chronic low-dose-rate exposure, or intermittent exposure of low-dose radiation by medical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Ojima
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 2944-9 Megusuno, Oita 840-1201, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Maki Ito
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 2944-9 Megusuno, Oita 840-1201, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kai
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 2944-9 Megusuno, Oita 840-1201, Japan
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Radiobiological effects of multiple vs. single low-dose pre-irradiation on the HT29 cell line. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2014; 18:230-3. [PMID: 25258579 PMCID: PMC4171467 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2014.41386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Aim of the study was to compare radiobiological effects of multiple vs. single low-dose pre-irradiation on the HT29 cell line. This regime is designed to be as similar as possible to fractionated tumour radiotherapy treatment, and to provide data on radiobiological effects on human tumour cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cell line used in the study was HT29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma, American Type Culture Collection HTB-38™). Also, for comparison, the MRC5 cell line (human foetal lung fibroblasts, American Type Culture Collection CCL 171) was used. Four-day treatment in a 4 × 2 Gy regime was performed. Cell viability was evaluated by tetrazolium colorimetric MTT assay. RESULTS Multiple low-dose pre-irradiation induced a stronger radioadaptive response compared to single low-dose application in the HT29 cell line. Multiple pre-irradiation with 0.03 Gy and 0.05 Gy caused radioadaptive effects, while in both single and multiple low-dose pre-irradiation regimes 0.07 Gy led to radiosensitivity. Radiobiological effects induced in the HT29 cell line by low-dose pre-irradiation were evidently weak during the treatment time, because a single low-dose applied only on the first day gave no radioadaptive effects. In the MRC5 cell line different effects were registered, since radioadaptive response has not been observed after multiple or single pre-irradiation. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data are interesting, especially for the possible application of low-dose pre-irradiation in radiotherapy.
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Abstract
Understanding the consequences of exposure to low dose ionizing radiation is an important public health concern. While the risk of low dose radiation has been estimated by extrapolation from data at higher doses according to the linear non-threshold model, it has become clear that cellular responses can be very different at low compared to high radiation doses. Important phenomena in this respect include radioadaptive responses as well as low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS) and increased radioresistance (IRR). With radioadaptive responses, low dose exposure can protect against subsequent challenges, and two mechanisms have been suggested: an intracellular mechanism, inducing cellular changes as a result of the priming radiation, and induction of a protected state by inter-cellular communication. We use mathematical models to examine the effect of these mechanisms on cellular responses to low dose radiation. We find that the intracellular mechanism can account for the occurrence of radioadaptive responses. Interestingly, the same mechanism can also explain the existence of the HRS and IRR phenomena, and successfully describe experimentally observed dose-response relationships for a variety of cell types. This indicates that different, seemingly unrelated, low dose phenomena might be connected and driven by common core processes. With respect to the inter-cellular communication mechanism, we find that it can also account for the occurrence of radioadaptive responses, indicating redundancy in this respect. The model, however, also suggests that the communication mechanism can be vital for the long term survival of cell populations that are continuously exposed to relatively low levels of radiation, which cannot be achieved with the intracellular mechanism in our model. Experimental tests to address our model predictions are proposed. The effect of low-dose radiation on cells and tissues is a public health concern, because the human population is exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation coming from a variety of sources, such as cosmic rays, soil radioactivity, environmental contaminations, and various medical procedures. At low doses of radiation, phenomena are observed that do not occur at higher doses, such as radioadaptive responses as well as low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS) and increased radioresistance (IRR), which are so far not fully understood. Each of these phenomena have been investigated separately, and specific mechanisms have been suggested to explain them. Using mathematical models that are successfully fitted to experimental data under a variety of conditions, we show that a set of basic and documented assumptions about cellular responses to low-dose radiation can explain all three low-dose phenomena, indicating that they are inter-related. According to the model, these phenomena are brought about by the multi-factorial interactions that underlie the population dynamics of the cells involved, and this provides a new framework to understand these responses, and to evaluate the risk to human health posed by exposure to low-dose radiation.
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Pereira S, Malard V, Ravanat JL, Davin AH, Armengaud J, Foray N, Adam-Guillermin C. Low doses of gamma-irradiation induce an early bystander effect in zebrafish cells which is sufficient to radioprotect cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92974. [PMID: 24667817 PMCID: PMC3965492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “bystander effect” is used to describe an effect in which cells that have not been exposed to radiation are affected by irradiated cells though various intracellular signaling mechanisms. In this study we analyzed the kinetics and mechanisms of bystander effect and radioadaptation in embryonic zebrafish cells (ZF4) exposed to chronic low dose of gamma rays. ZF4 cells were irradiated for 4 hours with total doses of gamma irradiation ranging from 0.01–0.1 Gy. In two experimental conditions, the transfer of irradiated cells or culture medium from irradiated cells results in the occurrence of DNA double strand breaks in non-irradiated cells (assessed by the number of γ-H2AX foci) that are repaired at 24 hours post-irradiation whatever the dose. At low total irradiation doses the bystander effect observed does not affect DNA repair mechanisms in targeted and bystander cells. An increase in global methylation of ZF4 cells was observed in irradiated cells and bystander cells compared to control cells. We observed that pre-irradiated cells which are then irradiated for a second time with the same doses contained significantly less γ-H2AX foci than in 24 h gamma-irradiated control cells. We also showed that bystander cells that have been in contact with the pre-irradiated cells and then irradiated alone present less γ-H2AX foci compared to the control cells. This radioadaptation effect is significantly more pronounced at the highest doses. To determine the factors involved in the early events of the bystander effect, we performed an extensive comparative proteomic study of the ZF4 secretomes upon irradiation. In the experimental conditions assayed here, we showed that the early events of bystander effect are probably not due to the secretion of specific proteins neither the oxidation of these secreted proteins. These results suggest that early bystander effect may be due probably to a combination of multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Pereira
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PRP-Environnement/SERIS, Laboratoire d’Ecotoxicologie des Radionucléides, Cadarache, St Paul Lez Durance, France
- CRCL - UMR INSERM 1052 - CNRS 5286, Equipe de Radiobiologie, Cheney A- 1éme étage, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Véronique Malard
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Biochim System Perturb, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- Laboratoire des Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, INAC/Scib UMR E3 CEA-UJF, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Hélène Davin
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Biochim System Perturb, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Biochim System Perturb, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- CRCL - UMR INSERM 1052 - CNRS 5286, Equipe de Radiobiologie, Cheney A- 1éme étage, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PRP-Environnement/SERIS, Laboratoire d’Ecotoxicologie des Radionucléides, Cadarache, St Paul Lez Durance, France
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18
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Ermakov AV, Konkova MS, Kostyuk SV, Izevskaya VL, Baranova A, Veiko NN. Oxidized extracellular DNA as a stress signal in human cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:649747. [PMID: 23533696 PMCID: PMC3606786 DOI: 10.1155/2013/649747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The term "cell-free DNA" (cfDNA) was recently coined for DNA fragments from plasma/serum, while DNA present in in vitro cell culture media is known as extracellular DNA (ecDNA). Under oxidative stress conditions, the levels of oxidative modification of cellular DNA and the rate of cell death increase. Dying cells release their damaged DNA, thus, contributing oxidized DNA fragments to the pool of cfDNA/ecDNA. Oxidized cell-free DNA could serve as a stress signal that promotes irradiation-induced bystander effect. Evidence points to TLR9 as a possible candidate for oxidized DNA sensor. An exposure to oxidized ecDNA stimulates a synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that evokes an adaptive response that includes transposition of the homologous loci within the nucleus, polymerization and the formation of the stress fibers of the actin, as well as activation of the ribosomal gene expression, and nuclear translocation of NF-E2 related factor-2 (NRF2) that, in turn, mediates induction of phase II detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, the oxidized DNA is a stress signal released in response to oxidative stress in the cultured cells and, possibly, in the human body; in particular, it might contribute to systemic abscopal effects of localized irradiation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei V. Ermakov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Marina S. Konkova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Kostyuk
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Vera L. Izevskaya
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Ancha Baranova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
- Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Natalya N. Veiko
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
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WALLACE ANTHONYB. Radiation dose dependence on MDCT platform and acquisition protocols for CT coronary angiography. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2012; 56:1-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-9485.2011.02338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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MotherSill C, Seymour C. Changing paradigms in radiobiology. Mutat Res 2012; 750:85-95. [PMID: 22273762 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The last 25 years have seen a major shift in emphasis in the field of radiobiology from a DNA-centric view of how radiation damage occurs to a much more biological view that appreciates the importance of macro-and micro-environments, hierarchical organization, underlying genetics, evolution, adaptation and signaling at all levels from atoms to ecosystems. The new view incorporates concepts of hormesis, nonlinear systems, bioenergy field theory, uncertainty and homeodynamics. While the mechanisms underlying these effects and responses are still far from clear, it is very apparent that their implications are much wider than the field of radiobiology. This reflection discusses the changing views and considers how they are influencing thought in environmental and medical science and systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel MotherSill
- McMaster Institute of Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Colin Seymour
- McMaster Institute of Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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