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Park JI, Koo CU, Oh J, Kim IJ, Choi K, Ye SJ. Enhancing Precision in L-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Tooth Dosimetry: Incorporating Digital Image Processing and Radiation Therapy Plans for Geometric Correction. HEALTH PHYSICS 2024; 126:79-95. [PMID: 37948057 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Following unforeseen exposure to radiation, quick dose determination is essential to prioritize potential patients that require immediate medical care. L-band electron paramagnetic resonance tooth dosimetry can be efficiently used for rapid triage as this poses no harm to the human incisor, although geometric variations among human teeth may hinder accurate dose estimation. Consequently, we propose a practical geometric correction method using a mobile phone camera. Donated human incisors were irradiated with calibrated 6-MV photon beam irradiation, and dose-response curves were developed by irradiation with a predetermined dose using custom-made poly(methyl methacrylate) slab phantoms. Three radiation treatment plans for incisors were selected and altered to suit the head phantom. The mean doses on tooth structures were calculated using a commercial treatment planning system, and the electron paramagnetic resonance signals of the incisors were measured. The enamel area was computed from camera-acquired tooth images. The relative standard uncertainty was rigorously estimated both with and without geometric correction. The effects on the electron paramagnetic resonance signal caused by axial and rotational movements of tooth samples were evaluated through finite element analysis. The mean absolute deviations of mean doses both with and without geometric correction showed marginal improvement. The average relative differences without and with geometric correction significantly decreased from 21.0% to 16.8% (p = 0.01). The geometric correction method shows potential in improving dose precision measurement with minimal delay. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated the viability of using treatment planning system doses in dose estimation for L-band electron paramagnetic resonance tooth dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong In Park
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Uk Koo
- Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Oh
- Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jung Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Choi
- Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Uk Koo C, In Park J, Oh J, Choi K, Yoon J, Hirata H, Ye SJ. Frequency-fixed motion compensation system for in-vivo electron paramagnetic resonance tooth dosimetry. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 353:107520. [PMID: 37459701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the design process for a motion compensation system that can suppress the spectral distortion caused by human motion and breathing during in-vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy on an intact incisor. The developed system consists of two elements: an electronically controlled tunable resonator and an automatic control circuit (ACC). The resonator can modify the resonant frequency and impedance by tuning and matching the voltage, while the ACC can generate a feedback signal using phase-sensitive detection (PSD). The signal is transferred into the resonator to maintain the critical coupling state. The tunable frequency range of the resonator was measured at over 10 MHz, offering approximately eight times the required range. The bandwidth of the resonator fluctuated in a negligible range (0.14% relative standard error) following the resonant frequency. With the feedback signal on, in-vivo EPR measurements were demonstrated to be a stable baseline with 35% higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). When one incisor sample was irradiated by an X-ray instrument, the EPR signal responses to the absorbed doses of 0-10 Gy exhibited high linearity (R2 = 0.994). In addition, the standard error of inverse prediction was estimated to be 0.35 Gy. The developed system achieved a discrimination ability of 2 Gy, which is required for triage in large-scale radiation accidents. Moreover, the compensation is fully automated, meaning that the system can be operated with simple training in an emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Uk Koo
- Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong In Park
- Ionizing Radiation Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Oh
- Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Choi
- Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joanne Yoon
- Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Sung-Joon Ye
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul Natioanl University, Suwon 16629, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul Natioanl University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Mignion L, Desmet CM, Harkemanne E, Tromme I, Joudiou N, Wehbi M, Baurain JF, Gallez B. Noninvasive detection of the endogenous free radical melanin in human skin melanomas using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:226-233. [PMID: 35987421 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We explored the capability of low-frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) to noninvasively detect melanin (a stable semiquinone free radical) in the human skin. As previous in vitro studies on biopsies suggested that the EPR signal from melanin was different when measured in skin melanomas or benign nevi, we conducted a prospective first-in-man clinical EPR study in patients with skin lesions suspicious of melanoma. EPR spectra were obtained using a spectrometer operating at 1 GHz, with a surface coil placed over the area of interest. Two clinical studies were carried out: 1) healthy volunteers (n = 45) presenting different skin phototypes; 2) patients (n = 88) with skin lesions suspicious of melanoma (n = 100) requiring surgical resection. EPR data obtained before surgery were compared with histopathology results. The method was not sensitive enough to measure differences in melanin content due to changes in skin pigmentation. In patients, 92% of the spectra were analyzable. The EPR signal of melanin was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in melanoma lesions (n = 26) than that in benign atypical nevi (n = 62). A trend toward a higher signal intensity (though not significant) was observed in high Breslow depth melanomas (a marker of skin invasion) than in low Breslow lesions. To date, no naturally occurring free radicals have been detected by low-frequency EPR systems adapted for clinical studies. Here, we demonstrated for the first time the ability of this technology to detect an endogenous free radical, opening new avenues for evaluating clinical EPR as a potential aid in the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Mignion
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Drug Research Institute, Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Celine M Desmet
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Harkemanne
- Dermatology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Tromme
- Dermatology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Drug Research Institute, Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Wehbi
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Bernard Gallez
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.
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Park JI, Choi K, Koo CU, Oh J, Hirata H, Swartz HM, Ye SJ. Dependence of Radiation-induced Signals on Geometry of Tooth Enamel Using a 1.15 GHz Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer: Improvement of Dosimetric Accuracy. HEALTH PHYSICS 2021; 120:152-162. [PMID: 32701613 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We aim to improve the accuracy of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-based in vivo tooth dosimetry using the relationship between tooth geometry and radiation-induced signals (RIS). A homebuilt EPR spectrometer at L-band frequency of 1.15 GHz originally designed for non-invasive and in vivo measurements of intact teeth was used to measure the RIS of extracted human teeth. Twenty human central incisors were scanned by microCT and irradiated by 220 kVp x-rays. The RISs of the samples were measured by the EPR spectrometer as well as simulated by using the finite element analysis of the electromagnetic field. A linear relationship between simulated RISs and tooth geometric dimensions, such as enamel area, enamel volume, and labial enamel volume, was confirmed. The dose sensitivity was quantified as a slope of the calibration curve (i.e., RIS vs. dose) for each tooth sample. The linear regression of these dose sensitivities was established for each of three tooth geometric dimensions. Based on these findings, a method for the geometry correction was developed by use of expected dose sensitivity of a certain tooth for one of the tooth geometric dimensions. Using upper incisors, the mean absolute deviation (MAD) without correction was 1.48 Gy from an estimated dose of 10 Gy; however, the MAD corrected by enamel area, volume, and labial volume was reduced to 1.04 Gy, 0.77 Gy, and 0.83 Gy, respectively. In general, the method corrected by enamel volume showed the best accuracy in this study. This homebuilt EPR spectrometer for the purpose of non-invasive and in vivo tooth dosimetry was successfully tested for achieving measurements in situ. We demonstrated that the developed correction method could reduce dosimetric uncertainties resulting from the variations in tooth geometric dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeonghun Oh
- Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan
| | - Harold M Swartz
- Geisel School of Medicine, HB 7785 Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
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Monzen S, Ueno T, Chiba M, Mariya Y. [15. Predictive Biomarker for the Detection of Ionizing Radiation Toxicity]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2019; 75:480-485. [PMID: 31105097 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2019_jsrt_75.5.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Tatsuya Ueno
- Department of Radiology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital
| | - Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences
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Flood AB, Wood VA, Schreiber W, Williams BB, Gallez B, Swartz HM. Guidance to Transfer 'Bench-Ready' Medical Technology into Usual Clinical Practice: Case Study - Sensors and Spectrometer Used in EPR Oximetry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1072:233-239. [PMID: 30178351 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91287-5_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper considers the critical role that academics can have in the development of clinical innovations and especially how their impact can be optimized. The focus should be on establishing the safety and efficacy of new approaches while also incorporating human factors and human use considerations into the inventions. It is very advantageous to work in concert with the end-users (operators and clinicians) to help ensure that the innovation will be useful and feasible to be incorporated into actual clinical practice as intended. This strategy enables developments to tackle real clinical needs by providing novel strategies to improve patient care while using solutions that fit into clinical practice and that are welcomed by patients and clinical staff. These principles are illustrated by a case study of the development of clinical in vivo EPR oximetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Barry Flood
- Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Victoria A Wood
- Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Wilson Schreiber
- Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Bernard Gallez
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Harold M Swartz
- Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Radiation Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Swartz HM. Using Stable Free Radicals to Obtain Unique and Clinically Useful Data In Vivo in Human Subjects. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:3-15. [PMID: 27886997 PMCID: PMC6061194 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper attempts to: (1) provide a critical overview of the challenges and opportunities to extend electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) into practical applications in human subjects, based on EPR measurements made in vivo; (2) summarize the clinical applications of EPR for improving treatments in cancer, wound healing and diabetic care, emphasizing EPR's unique capability to measure tissue oxygen repeatedly and with particular sensitivity to hypoxia and (3) summarize the capabilities of in vivo EPR to measure radiation dose for triage and medical guidance after a large-scale radiation exposure. The conclusion is that while still at a relatively early stage of its development and availability, clinical applications of EPR already have demonstrated significant value and the field is likely to grow in both the extent of its applications and its impact on significant problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M Swartz
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785 One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Kobayashi K, Dong R, Nicolalde RJ, Williams BB, Du G, Swartz HM, Flood AB. Evolution and Optimization of Tooth Models for Testing In Vivo EPR Tooth Dosimetry. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:152-160. [PMID: 27555657 PMCID: PMC5225979 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Testing and verification are an integral part of any cycle to design, manufacture and improve a novel device intended for use in humans. In the case of testing Dartmouth's electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in vivo tooth dosimetry device, in vitro studies are needed throughout its development to test its performance, i.e. to verify its current capability for assessing dose in individuals potentially exposed to ionizing radiation. Since the EPR device uses the enamel of human teeth to assess dose, models that include human teeth have been an integral mechanism to carry out in vitro studies during development and testing its ability to meet performance standards for its ultimate intended in vivo use. As the instrument improves over time, new demands for in vitro studies change as well. This paper describes the tooth models used to perform in vitro studies and their evolution to meet the changing demands for testing in vivo EPR tooth dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Kobayashi
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785, Williamson Translational Research Bldg. Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ruhong Dong
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785, Williamson Translational Research Bldg. Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Benjamin B Williams
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785, Williamson Translational Research Bldg. Lebanon, NH, USA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Gaixin Du
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785, Williamson Translational Research Bldg. Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Harold M Swartz
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785, Williamson Translational Research Bldg. Lebanon, NH, USA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785, Williamson Translational Research Bldg. Lebanon, NH, USA
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Flood AB, Williams BB, Schreiber W, Du G, Wood VA, Kmiec MM, Petryakov SV, Demidenko E, Swartz HM. Advances in in vivo EPR Tooth BIOdosimetry: Meeting the targets for initial triage following a large-scale radiation event. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:72-80. [PMID: 27421468 PMCID: PMC5225975 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Several important recent advances in the development and evolution of in vivo Tooth Biodosimetry using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) allow its performance to meet or exceed the U.S. targeted requirements for accuracy and ease of operation and throughput in a large-scale radiation event. Ergonomically based changes to the magnet, coupled with the development of rotation of the magnet and advanced software to automate collection of data, have made it easier and faster to make a measurement. From start to finish, measurements require a total elapsed time of 5 min, with data acquisition taking place in less than 3 min. At the same time, the accuracy of the data for triage of large populations has improved, as indicated using the metrics of sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve. Applying these standards to the intended population, EPR in vivo Tooth Biodosimetry has approximately the same diagnostic accuracy as the purported 'gold standard' (dicentric chromosome assay). Other improvements include miniaturisation of the spectrometer, leading to the creation of a significantly lighter and more compact prototype that is suitable for transporting for Point of Care (POC) operation and that can be operated off a single standard power outlet. Additional advancements in the resonator, including use of a disposable sensing loop attached to the incisor tooth, have resulted in a biodosimetry method where measurements can be made quickly with a simple 5-step workflow and by people needing only a few minutes of training (which can be built into the instrument as a training video). In sum, recent advancements allow this prototype to meet or exceed the US Federal Government's recommended targets for POC biodosimetry in large-scale events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Barry Flood
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Benjamin B Williams
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Dept. of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Wilson Schreiber
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Gaixin Du
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Victoria A Wood
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Maciej M Kmiec
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sergey V Petryakov
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Eugene Demidenko
- Dept. of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Harold M Swartz
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Dept. of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Bailiff I, Sholom S, McKeever S. Retrospective and emergency dosimetry in response to radiological incidents and nuclear mass-casualty events: A review. RADIAT MEAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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