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Jia H, Xue M, Li X, Zhuang M, Xie T. Patient-specific radiation dose for Chinese pediatric patients undergoing whole-body PET/CT examinations. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:125019. [PMID: 38776955 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad4f46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective.To assess potential variations in the absorbed dose between Chinese and Caucasian children exposed to18F-FDG PET scan and to investigate the factors contributing to dose differences, this work employed patient-specific phantoms and our compartment model for calculating the patient-specific absorbed dose in Chinese children.Approach.Data of 29 Chinese pediatric patients undergoing whole-body18F-FDG PET/CT studies were retrospectively collected, including PET images for activity distributions and corresponding CT images for organ segmentation and phantom construction. A biokinetic compartment model was implemented to obtain cumulated activities. Absorbed radiation dose for both CT and PET component were calculated using Monte Carlo simulations. Regression models were fitted to time integrated activity coefficient (TIAC) and organ absorbed dose for each patient.Main results.TIACs of all the organs in our compartment model and the organ dose for 12 organs were correlated with patients' weight. Young children have significantly large uptake in brain compared to adults. The distinctions of anatomical and biological characteristics between Chinese and Caucasian children contribute to variations in the absorbed dose of18F-FDG PET scans. PET contributed more in organ dose than CT did in most organs, especially in brain and bladder. The average effective dose (± SD) was 4.5 mSv (± 1.12 mSv), 7.8 mSv (± 3.2 mSv) and 12.3 mSv (± 3.5 mSv) from CT, PET and their sum respectively. PET contributed 1.7 times higher than CT.Significance.To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first attempt to estimate patient-specific radiation doses from PET/CT for Chinese pediatric patients. TIACs derived from our methodology in both age groups exhibited significant differences from the that reported in ICRP 128. Substantial differences in absorbed and effective doses were observed between Chinese and Caucasian children across all age groups. These disparities are attributed to markedly distinct anatomical and pharmacokinetic characteristics among adults and pediatric patients, and different racial groups. The application of data derived from adults to pediatric patients introduces considerable uncertainty. Our methodology offers a valuable approach not only for estimating pharmacokinetic characteristics and patient-specific radiation doses in pediatric patients undergoing18F-FDG studies but also for other cohorts with similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jia
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjia Xue
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianru Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzan Zhuang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwu Xie
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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Yu Y, Chen Z. DOSE CALCULATION OF PROTON THERAPY BASED ON MONTE CARLO AND EMPIRICAL FORMULA. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:124-133. [PMID: 36478110 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we used the Monte Carlo-based TOPAS simulation software to calculate the ambient dose equivalents and annual effective dose due to the secondary neutron field produced in proton therapy, also we introduced a USTC phantom to access the organ equivalent dose. The ambient dose equivalent and annual effective dose were calculated in several positions of interest inside and outside the facility. The simulation results were compared qualitatively to the results of the Empirical Formula, showing that the Empirical Formula calculations overestimated the dose, 28.95 times higher than the MC simulations, on average, which would lead to over shielding. In addition, the highest equivalent dose rate of a single radiation-sensitive organ simulated by TOPAS was 1.50 × 10-9 mSv/a for the eye lens, 2.36 × 10-3 mSv/a for limbs and 1.01 × 10-3 mSv/a for skin, which also meets the limits. Therefore, MC simulation has great advantages in shielding design and safety evaluation. And this work presents a new method to calculate the dose, introducing a more anthropogenic phantom can get more realistic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026
| | - Zhi Chen
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026
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Ntolkeras G, Jeong H, Zöllei L, Dmytriw AA, Purvaziri A, Lev MH, Grant PE, Bonmassar G. A high-resolution pediatric female whole-body numerical model with comparison to a male model. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:10.1088/1361-6560/aca950. [PMID: 36595234 PMCID: PMC10624254 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aca950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Numerical models are central in designing and testing novel medical devices and in studying how different anatomical changes may affect physiology. Despite the numerous adult models available, there are only a few whole-body pediatric numerical models with significant limitations. In addition, there is a limited representation of both male and female biological sexes in the available pediatric models despite the fact that sex significantly affects body development, especially in a highly dynamic population. As a result, we developed Athena, a realistic female whole-body pediatric numerical model with high-resolution and anatomical detail.Approach. We segmented different body tissues through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) images of a healthy 3.5 year-old female child using 3D Slicer. We validated the high anatomical accuracy segmentation through two experienced sub-specialty-certified neuro-radiologists and the inter and intra-operator variability of the segmentation results comparing sex differences in organ metrics with physiologic values. Finally, we compared Athena with Martin, a similar male model, showing differences in anatomy, organ metrics, and MRI dosimetric exposure.Main results. We segmented 267 tissue compartments, which included 50 brain tissue labels. The tissue metrics of Athena displayed no deviation from the literature value of healthy children. We show the variability of brain metrics in the male and female models. Finally, we offer an example of computing Specific Absorption Rate and Joule heating in a toddler/preschooler at 7 T MRI.Significance. This study introduces a female realistic high-resolution numerical model using MRI and CT scans of a 3.5 year-old female child, the use of which includes but is not limited to radiofrequency safety studies for medical devices (e.g. an implantable medical device safety in MRI), neurostimulation studies, and radiation dosimetry studies. This model will be open source and available on the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Ntolkeras
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, United States of America
| | - Hongbae Jeong
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
| | - Lilla Zöllei
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
| | - Adam A Dmytriw
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ali Purvaziri
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Michael H Lev
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Giorgio Bonmassar
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
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Akhavanallaf A, Fayad H, Salimi Y, Aly A, Kharita H, Al Naemi H, Zaidi H. An update on computational anthropomorphic anatomical models. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221111941. [PMID: 35847523 PMCID: PMC9277432 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalent availability of high-performance computing coupled with validated
computerized simulation platforms as open-source packages have motivated
progress in the development of realistic anthropomorphic computational models of
the human anatomy. The main application of these advanced tools focused on
imaging physics and computational internal/external radiation dosimetry
research. This paper provides an updated review of state-of-the-art developments
and recent advances in the design of sophisticated computational models of the
human anatomy with a particular focus on their use in radiation dosimetry
calculations. The consolidation of flexible and realistic computational models
with biological data and accurate radiation transport modeling tools enables the
capability to produce dosimetric data reflecting actual setup in clinical
setting. These simulation methodologies and results are helpful resources for
the medical physics and medical imaging communities and are expected to impact
the fields of medical imaging and dosimetry calculations profoundly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Akhavanallaf
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hadi Fayad
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yazdan Salimi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antar Aly
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Huda Al Naemi
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Habib Zaidi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva University Neurocenter, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Monte Carlo simulation of non-target organ doses and radiation-induced secondary cancer risk in Tanzania from radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal by using Co-60 source. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Suleiman SA, Qi Y, Chen Z, Xu XG. Monte carlo study of organ doses and related risk for cancer in Tanzania from scattered photons in cervical radiation treatment involving Co-60 source. Phys Med 2019; 62:13-19. [PMID: 31153393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present work aimed to evaluate organ doses and related risk for cancer from external beam radiation treatment (EBRT) and high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT) involving Co-60 source for patients with cervical carcinoma in Tanzania based on Monte Carlo methods and to evaluate the secondary cancer risks in their lifetime. METHODS EBRT and HDR-BR were modelled by using the MCNPX Monte Carlo (MC) code. The MC simulations were performed by using validated models and isocentric irradiation of an adult female computational phantom. The organ doses and cancer risks estimates were obtained. RESULTS The highest absorbed doses of 6.98 × 10-2 and 5.74 × 10-2 Sv/Gy were recorded in the bladder for BT and EBRT. The higher risk was found for colon at 1.06 × 10-3 in the HDR-BT and 9.75 × 10-5 in the EBRT per 100,000 population at exposure age of 35 years than in the other organs. The risk magnitude decreased with increasing age at exposure. In general, the secondary cancer risks in all sites considered from EBRT and HDR-BR for cervical cancer patient were lower than the baseline risks. CONCLUSIONS The chances of developing secondary cancer take years following radiation therapy are extremely low, but the results of present study can support to establish a future database on secondary cancer risks involving radiation therapy in patients with cervical cancer by using HDR-BR and EBRT with Co-60 source in Tanzania and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Ameir Suleiman
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, PR China; Ionizing Radiation Department, Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, 23114 Block J Njiro, PO BOX 743, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania.
| | - Yaping Qi
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, PR China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, PR China
| | - X George Xu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, PR China; Nuclear Engineering Program, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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