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Zhang K, Li J, Gu F. Processing of emotional connotations in Chinese monomorphic and compound words reflected by the early posterior negativity. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1426383. [PMID: 39184939 PMCID: PMC11342526 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1426383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Writing stands as one of humanity's most profound inventions, facilitating the efficient sharing and transmission of vast amounts of information. Similar to images and facial expressions, visual (written) words possess the ability to evoke emotional connotations. Understanding how the brain perceives these emotional nuances encoded in highly symbolic visual words is a key focus of the emerging field of "affective neurolinguistics." At the core of this inquiry lies the examination of the early posterior negativity (EPN), an event-related potentials (ERPs) component peaking around 300 ms after stimulus onset in the occipitotemporal scalp region. EPN has consistently emerged in response to emotional stimuli, encompassing pictures, faces, and visual words. However, prior research has notably lacked observation of EPN in response to Chinese emotional words, raising questions about potential differences in emotional processing between Chinese and other languages. Given the logographic nature of the Chinese writing system and the prevalence of compound words in the Chinese lexicon, this study aims to explore whether the emotional processing of Chinese monomorphic and compound words elicits an EPN response. Two experiments were conducted: Experiment 1 utilized one-character words (monomorphic words), while Experiment 2 employed two-character words (compound words). Participants were assigned a go/no-go task, instructed to respond to unknown words (word recognition task) or blue stimuli (color decision task). Data analysis using a data-driven mass univariate approach revealed significant ERP differences between emotional and neutral words. Notably, the time course, scalp topography, and cortical generators of the difference ERP presented a characteristic EPN response in both experiments. These findings strongly support the notion that the processing of emotional connotations in both Chinese monomorphic and compound words is reflected by the EPN, paving the way for future research using EPN as an emotion-related ERP component for investigating emotional processing of Chinese words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Chinese Languages and Literatures, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Research Centre for Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience, Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Neurocognitive Laboratory for Linguistics and Semiotics, College of Literature and Journalism, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Digital Convergence Laboratory of Chinese Cultural Inheritance and Global Communication, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Hinojosa JA, Guasch M, Montoro PR, Albert J, Fraga I, Ferré P. The bright side of words: Norms for 9000 Spanish words in seven discrete positive emotions. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:4909-4929. [PMID: 37749425 PMCID: PMC11289151 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, assumptions about the existence of a single construct of happiness that accounts for all positive emotions have been questioned. Instead, several discrete positive emotions with their own neurobiological and psychological mechanisms have been proposed. Of note, the effects of positive emotions on language processing are not yet properly understood. Here we provide a database for a large set of 9000 Spanish words scored by 3437 participants in the positive emotions of awe, contentment, amusement, excitement, serenity, relief, and pleasure. We also report significant correlations between discrete positive emotions and several affective (e.g., valence, arousal, happiness, negative discrete emotions) and lexico-semantic (e.g., frequency of use, familiarity, concreteness, age of acquisition) characteristics of words. Finally, we analyze differences between words conveying a single emotion ("pure" emotion words) and those denoting more than one emotion ("mixed" emotion words). This study will provide researchers a rich source of information to do research that contributes to expanding the current knowledge on the role of positive emotions in language. The norms are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21533571.v2.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Hinojosa
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Dpto. Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marc Guasch
- Department of Psychology and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pedro R Montoro
- Departamento de Psicología Básica 1, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacobo Albert
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fraga
- Cognitive Processes & Behaviour Research Group, Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology & Methodology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pilar Ferré
- Department of Psychology and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Trumpp NM, Ulrich M, Kiefer M. Experiential grounding of abstract concepts: Processing of abstract mental state concepts engages brain regions involved in mentalizing, automatic speech, and lip movements. Neuroimage 2024; 288:120539. [PMID: 38342187 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
concepts like mental state concepts lack a physical referent, which can be directly perceived. Classical theories therefore claim that abstract concepts require amodal representations detached from experiential brain systems. However, grounded cognition approaches suggest an involvement of modal experiential brain regions in the processing of abstract concepts. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we investigated the relation of the processing of abstract mental state concepts to modal experiential brain systems in a fine-grained fashion. Participants performed lexical decisions on abstract mental state as well as on verbal association concepts as control category. Experiential brain systems related to the processing of mental states, generating verbal associations, automatic speech as well as hand and lip movements were determined by corresponding localizer tasks. Processing of abstract mental state concepts neuroanatomically overlapped with activity patterns associated with processing of mental states, generating verbal associations, automatic speech and lip movements. Hence, mental state concepts activate the mentalizing brain network, complemented by perceptual-motor brain regions involved in simulation of visual or action features associated with social interactions, linguistic brain regions as well as face-motor brain regions recruited for articulation. The present results provide compelling evidence for the rich grounding of abstract mental state concepts in experiential brain systems related to mentalizing, verbal communication and mouth action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Trumpp
- Department of Psychiatry, Section for Cognitive Electrophysiology, Ulm University, Leimgrubenweg 12, Ulm D-89075, Germany.
| | - Martin Ulrich
- Department of Psychiatry, Section for Cognitive Electrophysiology, Ulm University, Leimgrubenweg 12, Ulm D-89075, Germany
| | - Markus Kiefer
- Department of Psychiatry, Section for Cognitive Electrophysiology, Ulm University, Leimgrubenweg 12, Ulm D-89075, Germany
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4
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Ding K, Xu M, Huang T, Song Y, Kong F, Zhen Z. Sex dimorphic cortical brain volumes associated with antisocial behavior in young adults. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2023; 3:kkad031. [PMID: 38666132 PMCID: PMC10917369 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Although sex differences in antisocial behavior are well-documented, the extent to which neuroanatomical differences are related to sex differences in antisocial behavior is unclear. The inconsistent results from different clinical populations exhibiting antisocial behaviors are mainly due to the heterogeneity in etiologies, comorbidity inequality, and small sample size, especially in females. Objective The study aimed to find sexual dimorphic brain regions associated with individual differences in antisocial behavior while avoiding the issues of heterogeneity and sample size. Methods We collected structural neuroimaging data from 281 college students (131 males, 150 females) and analyzed the data using voxel-based morphometry. Results The gray matter volume in three brain regions correlates with self-reported antisocial behavior in males and females differently: the posterior superior temporal sulcus, middle temporal gyrus, and precuneus. The findings have controlled for the total cortical gray matter volume, age, IQ, and socioeconomic status. Additionally, we found a common neural substrate of antisocial behavior in both males and females, extending from the anterior temporal lobe to the insula. Conclusion This is the first neuroanatomical evidence from a large non-clinical sample of young adults. The study suggests that differences in males and females in reading social cues, understanding intentions and emotions, and responding to conflicts may contribute to the modulation of brain morphometry concerning antisocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ding
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Taicheng Huang
- Department of Psychology and Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiying Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Feng Kong
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zonglei Zhen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Jin Y, Ma Y, Li M, Zheng X. The influence of word concreteness on acquired positive emotion association: An event-related potential study. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 240:104052. [PMID: 37832492 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to acquire positive emotions from words is essential to psychological well-being. How word concreteness affects the process of positive emotion acquisition remains unknown. Here, using an evaluation conditioning paradigm, participants learned the association between pseudowords and concrete/abstract and positive/neutral words. Behavior and event-related potential data were recorded while participants performed emotional recognition tasks. Behavioral results showed that, for neutral words, concrete words were more accurate than abstract words, whereas for positive words, abstract words were more accurate than concrete words. Moreover, N1 and P2 amplitudes in the pseudowords were modulated by interacting word emotion and concreteness. Specifically, pseudowords associated with neutral concrete words elicited larger N1 and P2 amplitudes than pseudowords associated with neutral abstract words. Conversely, N1 and P2 amplitudes in pseudowords associated with positive abstract words were not significant compared to those in positive concrete words. Additionally, an emotional effect was observed when pseudowords were associated with abstract words, showing higher P3 amplitude for the pseudowords associated with positive abstract words than neutral abstract words. No significant effects were found for the pseudowords associated with positive abstract or concrete words. These findings suggest that association learning may influence the early attention processing of emotion acquisition from words, and emotional information of positive abstract words might boost positive emotion acquisition, thereby eliminating the acquisition advantage from positive concrete words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- School of Education Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Foreign Languages, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
| | - Miner Li
- Jiangmen No.9 Middle School, Jiangmen 529000, China; College of Vocational and Technical Education, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Xifu Zheng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Gilioli A, Borelli E, Serafini L, Pesciarelli F. Electrophysiological correlates of semantic pain processing in the affective priming. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1201581. [PMID: 37744594 PMCID: PMC10516560 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1201581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pain plays a fundamental role in the well-being of the individual, and its semantic content may have specific properties compared to other negative domains (i.e., fear and anger) which allows the cognitive system to detect it with priority. Considering the influence of the affective context in which stimuli (targets) are evaluated, it is possible that their valence could be differentially processed if preceded by negative stimuli (primes) associated with pain than negative stimuli not associated with pain. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of the implicit processing of words with pain content by using an affective priming paradigm. Methods Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants were presented with positive and negative word targets (not associated with pain) that were preceded by positive, negative (not associated with pain), and pain word primes. Participants were asked to judge the valence of the target word. Results Results showed faster reaction times (RTs) in congruent conditions, especially when the negative target was preceded by a pain prime rather than a positive one. ERPs analyses showed no effect of pain at an early-stage processing (N400), but a larger waveform when the pain prime preceded the positive prime on the LPP. Discussion These results reaffirm the importance that valence has in establishing the priority with which stimuli are encoded in the environment and highlight the role that pain has in the processing of stimuli, supporting the hypothesis according to which the valence and the semantics of a stimulus interact with each other generating a specific response for each type of emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gilioli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Borelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Luana Serafini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Francesca Pesciarelli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
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Juuse L, Kreegipuu K, Põldver N, Kask A, Mogom T, Anbarjafari G, Allik J. Processing emotions from faces and words measured by event-related brain potentials. Cogn Emot 2023; 37:959-972. [PMID: 37338015 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2223906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Affective aspects of a stimulus can be processed rapidly and before cognitive attribution, acting much earlier for verbal stimuli than previously considered. Aimed for specific mechanisms, event-related brain potentials (ERPs), expressed in facial expressions or word meaning and evoked by six basic emotions - anger, disgust, fear, happy, sad, and surprise - relative to emotionally neutral stimuli were analysed in a sample of 116 participants. Brain responses in the occipital and left temporal regions elicited by the sadness in facial expressions or words were indistinguishable from responses evoked by neutral faces or words. Confirming previous findings, facial fear elicited an early and strong posterior negativity. Instead of expected parietal positivity, both the happy faces and words produced significantly more negative responses compared to neutral. Surprise in facial expressions and words elicited a strong early response in the left temporal cortex, which could be a signature of appraisal. The results of this study are consistent with the view that both types of affective stimuli, facial emotions and word meaning, set off rapid processing and responses occur very early in the processing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liina Juuse
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Doctoral School of Behavioural, Social and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kairi Kreegipuu
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nele Põldver
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annika Kask
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Doctoral School of Behavioural, Social and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiit Mogom
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Jüri Allik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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Al-Bakri AF, Martinek R, Pelc M, Zygarlicki J, Kawala-Sterniuk A. Implementation of a Morphological Filter for Removing Spikes from the Epileptic Brain Signals to Improve Identification Ripples. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7522. [PMID: 36236621 PMCID: PMC9571066 DOI: 10.3390/s22197522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a very common disease affecting at least 1% of the population, comprising a number of over 50 million people. As many patients suffer from the drug-resistant version, the number of potential treatment methods is very small. However, since not only the treatment of epilepsy, but also its proper diagnosis or observation of brain signals from recordings are important research areas, in this paper, we address this very problem by developing a reliable technique for removing spikes and sharp transients from the baseline of the brain signal using a morphological filter. This allows much more precise identification of the so-called epileptic zone, which can then be resected, which is one of the methods of epilepsy treatment. We used eight patients with 5 KHz data set and depended upon the Staba 2002 algorithm as a reference to detect the ripples. We found that the average sensitivity and false detection rate of our technique are significant, and they are ∼94% and ∼14%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir F. Al-Bakri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hillah 51001, Iraq
| | - Radek Martinek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University Ostrava—FEECS, 708 00 Ostrava–Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Mariusz Pelc
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich, Park Row, London SE10 9LS, UK
| | - Jarosław Zygarlicki
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawala-Sterniuk
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland
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Puhacheuskaya V, Hubert Lyall I, Järvikivi J. COVIDisgust: Language processing through the lens of partisanship. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271206. [PMID: 35862298 PMCID: PMC9302854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disgust is an aversive reaction protecting an organism from disease. People differ in how prone they are to experiencing it, and this fluctuates depending on how safe the environment is. Previous research has shown that the recognition and processing of disgusting words depends not on the word’s disgust per se but rather on individual sensitivity to disgust. However, the influence of dynamically changing disgust on language comprehension has not yet been researched. In a series of studies, we investigated whether the media’s portrayal of COVID-19 will affect subsequent language processing via changes in disgust. The participants were exposed to news headlines either depicting COVID-19 as a threat or downplaying it, and then rated single words for disgust and valence (Experiment 1; N = 83) or made a lexical decision (Experiment 2; N = 86). The headline type affected only word ratings and not lexical decisions, but political ideology and disgust proneness affected both. More liberal participants assigned higher disgust ratings after the headlines discounted the threat of COVID-19, whereas more conservative participants did so after the headlines emphasized it. We explain the results through the politicization and polarization of the pandemic. Further, political ideology was more predictive of reaction times in Experiment 2 than disgust proneness. High conservatism correlated with longer reaction times for disgusting and negative words, and the opposite was true for low conservatism. The results suggest that disgust proneness and political ideology dynamically interact with perceived environmental safety and have a measurable effect on language processing. Importantly, they also suggest that the media’s stance on the pandemic and the political framing of the issue may affect the public response by increasing or decreasing our disgust.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juhani Järvikivi
- Department of Linguistics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Weisholtz DS, Kreiman G, Silbersweig DA, Stern E, Cha B, Butler T. Localized task-invariant emotional valence encoding revealed by intracranial recordings. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:549-558. [PMID: 34941992 PMCID: PMC9164208 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to distinguish between negative, positive and neutral valence is a key part of emotion perception. Emotional valence has conceptual meaning that supersedes any particular type of stimulus, although it is typically captured experimentally in association with particular tasks. We sought to identify neural encoding for task-invariant emotional valence. We evaluated whether high-gamma responses (HGRs) to visually displayed words conveying emotions could be used to decode emotional valence from HGRs to facial expressions. Intracranial electroencephalography was recorded from 14 individuals while they participated in two tasks, one involving reading words with positive, negative, and neutral valence, and the other involving viewing faces with positive, negative, and neutral facial expressions. Quadratic discriminant analysis was used to identify information in the HGR that differentiates the three emotion conditions. A classifier was trained on the emotional valence labels from one task and was cross-validated on data from the same task (within-task classifier) as well as the other task (between-task classifier). Emotional valence could be decoded in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex and middle temporal gyrus, both using within-task classifiers and between-task classifiers. These observations suggest the presence of task-independent emotional valence information in the signals from these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Weisholtz
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriel Kreiman
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Silbersweig
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily Stern
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Ceretype Neuromedicine, Inc
| | - Brannon Cha
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tracy Butler
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York 10065, USA
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11
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Rainer LJ, Kronbichler M, Kuchukhidze G, Trinka E, Langthaler PB, Kronbichler L, Said-Yuerekli S, Kirschner M, Zimmermann G, Höfler J, Schmid E, Braun M. Emotional Word Processing in Patients With Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:875950. [PMID: 35720080 PMCID: PMC9201996 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.875950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective According to Panksepp's hierarchical emotion model, emotion processing relies on three functionally and neuroanatomically distinct levels. These levels comprise subcortical networks (primary level), the limbic system (secondary level), and the neocortex (tertiary level) and are suggested to serve differential emotional processing. We aimed to validate and extend previous evidence of discrete and dimensional emotion processing in patient with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Methods We recorded brain activity of patients with JME and healthy controls in response to lexical decisions to words reflecting the discrete emotion fear and the affective dimension negativity previously suggested to rely on different brain regions and to reflect different levels of processing. In all study participants, we tested verbal cognitive functions, as well as the relationship of psychiatric conditions, seizure types and duration of epilepsy and emotional word processing. Results In support of the hierarchical emotion model, we found an interaction of discrete emotion and affective dimensional processing in the right amygdala likely to reflect secondary level processing. Brain activity related to affective dimensional processing was found in the right inferior frontal gyrus and is suggested to reflect tertiary level processing. Psychiatric conditions, type of seizure nor mono- vs. polytherapy and duration of epilepsy within patients did not have any effect on the processing of emotional words. In addition, no differences in brain activity or response times between patients and controls were observed, despite neuropsychological testing revealed slightly decreased verbal intelligence, verbal fluency and reading speed in patients with JME. Significance These results were interpreted to be in line with the hierarchical emotion model and to highlight the amygdala's role in processing biologically relevant stimuli, as well as to suggest a semantic foundation of affective dimensional processing in prefrontal cortex. A lack of differences in brain activity of patients with JME and healthy controls in response to the emotional content of words could point to unaffected implicit emotion processing in patients with JME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Johannes Rainer
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Member of the European Reference Network, Epicare, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychology, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultaet, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Giorgi Kuchukhidze
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Member of the European Reference Network, Epicare, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Member of the European Reference Network, Epicare, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT–University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Neurorehabilitation and Space Neurology, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patrick Benjamin Langthaler
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Member of the European Reference Network, Epicare, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Mathematics, Paris-Lodron University, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultaet, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lisa Kronbichler
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Said-Yuerekli
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Member of the European Reference Network, Epicare, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychology, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultaet, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Margarita Kirschner
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Member of the European Reference Network, Epicare, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Zimmermann
- Team Biostatistics and Big Medical Data, IDA Lab Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Research and Innovation Management, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Höfler
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Member of the European Reference Network, Epicare, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Schmid
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Member of the European Reference Network, Epicare, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mario Braun
- Department of Psychology, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultaet, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
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12
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Kiefer M, Pielke L, Trumpp NM. Differential temporo-spatial pattern of electrical brain activity during the processing of abstract concepts related to mental states and verbal associations. Neuroimage 2022; 252:119036. [PMID: 35219860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Refined grounded cognition accounts propose that abstract concepts might be grounded in brain circuits involved in mentalizing. In the present event-related potential (ERP) study, we compared the time course of neural processing in response to semantically predefined abstract mental states and verbal association concepts during a lexical decision task. In addition to scalp ERPs, source estimates of underlying volume brain activity were determined to reveal spatio-temporal clusters of greater electrical brain activity to abstract mental state vs. verbal association concepts, and vice versa. Source estimates suggested early (onset 194 ms), but short-lived enhanced activity (offset 210 ms) to verbal association concepts in left occipital regions. Increased occipital activity might reflect retrieval of visual word form or access to visual conceptual features of associated words. Increased estimated source activity to mental state concepts was obtained in visuo-motor (superior parietal, pre- and postcentral areas) and mentalizing networks (lateral and medial prefrontal areas, insula, precuneus, temporo-parietal junction) with an onset of 212 ms, which extended to later time windows. The time course data indicated two processing phases: An initial conceptual access phase, in which linguistic and modal brain circuits rapidly process features depending on their relevance, and a later conceptual elaboration phase, in which elaborative processing within feature-specific networks further refines the concept. This study confirms the proposal that abstract concepts are based on representations in distinct neural circuits depending on their semantic feature content. The present research also highlights the importance of investigating sets of abstract concepts with a defined semantic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kiefer
- Department of Psychiatry, Section for Cognitive Electrophysiology, Ulm University, Leimgrubenweg 12, Ulm D-89075, Germany.
| | - Lena Pielke
- Department of Psychiatry, Section for Cognitive Electrophysiology, Ulm University, Leimgrubenweg 12, Ulm D-89075, Germany
| | - Natalie M Trumpp
- Department of Psychiatry, Section for Cognitive Electrophysiology, Ulm University, Leimgrubenweg 12, Ulm D-89075, Germany
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13
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Blouin J, Pialasse JP, Mouchnino L, Simoneau M. On the Dynamics of Spatial Updating. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:780027. [PMID: 35250442 PMCID: PMC8893203 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.780027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of our knowledge on the human neural bases of spatial updating comes from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in which recumbent participants moved in virtual environments. As a result, little is known about the dynamic of spatial updating during real body motion. Here, we exploited the high temporal resolution of electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the dynamics of cortical activation in a spatial updating task where participants had to remember their initial orientation while they were passively rotated about their vertical axis in the dark. After the rotations, the participants pointed toward their initial orientation. We contrasted the EEG signals with those recorded in a control condition in which participants had no cognitive task to perform during body rotations. We found that the amplitude of the P1N1 complex of the rotation-evoked potential (RotEPs) (recorded over the vertex) was significantly greater in the Updating task. The analyses of the cortical current in the source space revealed that the main significant task-related cortical activities started during the N1P2 interval (136–303 ms after rotation onset). They were essentially localized in the temporal and frontal (supplementary motor complex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior prefrontal cortex) regions. During this time-window, the right superior posterior parietal cortex (PPC) also showed significant task-related activities. The increased activation of the PPC became bilateral over the P2N2 component (303–470 ms after rotation onset). In this late interval, the cuneus and precuneus started to show significant task-related activities. Together, the present results are consistent with the general scheme that the first task-related cortical activities during spatial updating are related to the encoding of spatial goals and to the storing of spatial information in working memory. These activities would precede those involved in higher order processes also relevant for updating body orientation during rotations linked to the egocentric and visual representations of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Blouin
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Jean Blouin,
| | | | - Laurence Mouchnino
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Département de Kinésiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale du CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC, Canada
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14
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Visani E, Sebastiano DR, Duran D, Garofalo G, Magliocco F, Silipo F, Buccino G. The Semantics of Natural Objects and Tools in the Brain: A Combined Behavioral and MEG Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12010097. [PMID: 35053840 PMCID: PMC8774003 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current literature supports the notion that the recognition of objects, when visually presented, is sub-served by neural structures different from those responsible for the semantic processing of their nouns. However, embodiment foresees that processing observed objects and their verbal labels should share similar neural mechanisms. In a combined behavioral and MEG study, we compared the modulation of motor responses and cortical rhythms during the processing of graspable natural objects and tools, either verbally or pictorially presented. Our findings demonstrate that conveying meaning to an observed object or processing its noun similarly modulates both motor responses and cortical rhythms; being natural graspable objects and tools differently represented in the brain, they affect in a different manner both behavioral and MEG findings, independent of presentation modality. These results provide experimental evidence that neural substrates responsible for conveying meaning to objects overlap with those where the object is represented, thus supporting an embodied view of semantic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Visani
- Neurophysiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (D.R.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Davide Rossi Sebastiano
- Neurophysiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (D.R.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Dunja Duran
- Neurophysiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (D.R.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Gioacchino Garofalo
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, University San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fabio Magliocco
- Centro Psico-Sociale di Seregno—Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale di Vimercate, 20871 Vimercate, Italy;
| | - Francesco Silipo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Viale Salvatore Venuta, 88100 Germaneto, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Buccino
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, University San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Sylvester T, Liebig J, Jacobs AM. Neural correlates of affective contributions to lexical decisions in children and adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:945. [PMID: 33441814 PMCID: PMC7806850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to investigate whether 6-9-year old children and adults show similar neural responses to affective words. An event-related neuroimaging paradigm was used in which both age cohorts performed the same auditory lexical decision task (LDT). The results show similarities in (auditory) lexico-semantic network activation as well as in areas associated with affective information. In both age cohorts' activations were stronger for positive than for negative words, thus exhibiting a positivity superiority effect. Children showed less activation in areas associated with affective information in response to all three valence categories than adults. Our results are discussed in the light of computational models of word recognition, and previous findings of affective contributions to LDT in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sylvester
- Department of Education and Psychology, Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Johanna Liebig
- Department of Education and Psychology, Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arthur M Jacobs
- Department of Education and Psychology, Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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16
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SUN T, HAO X, HE A, WANG C, XU Y, GUO C, ZHOU W. Evidence for neural re-use hypothesis from the processing of Chinese emotional words. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2021.00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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García AM, Hesse E, Birba A, Adolfi F, Mikulan E, Caro MM, Petroni A, Bekinschtein TA, del Carmen García M, Silva W, Ciraolo C, Vaucheret E, Sedeño L, Ibáñez A. Time to Face Language: Embodied Mechanisms Underpin the Inception of Face-Related Meanings in the Human Brain. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:6051-6068. [PMID: 32577713 PMCID: PMC7673477 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In construing meaning, the brain recruits multimodal (conceptual) systems and embodied (modality-specific) mechanisms. Yet, no consensus exists on how crucial the latter are for the inception of semantic distinctions. To address this issue, we combined electroencephalographic (EEG) and intracranial EEG (iEEG) to examine when nouns denoting facial body parts (FBPs) and nonFBPs are discriminated in face-processing and multimodal networks. First, FBP words increased N170 amplitude (a hallmark of early facial processing). Second, they triggered fast (~100 ms) activity boosts within the face-processing network, alongside later (~275 ms) effects in multimodal circuits. Third, iEEG recordings from face-processing hubs allowed decoding ~80% of items before 200 ms, while classification based on multimodal-network activity only surpassed ~70% after 250 ms. Finally, EEG and iEEG connectivity between both networks proved greater in early (0-200 ms) than later (200-400 ms) windows. Collectively, our findings indicate that, at least for some lexico-semantic categories, meaning is construed through fast reenactments of modality-specific experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo M García
- Universidad de San Andrés, B1644BID Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Faculty of Education, National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), MM5502GKA Mendoza, Argentina
- Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170020 Santiago, Chile
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, CA 94158 San Francisco, USA
| | - Eugenia Hesse
- Universidad de San Andrés, B1644BID Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Birba
- Universidad de San Andrés, B1644BID Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Adolfi
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Mikulan
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Miguel Martorell Caro
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Petroni
- Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1063ACV Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Departamento de Computación, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, ICC-CONICET, C1063ACV Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María del Carmen García
- Programa de Cirugía de Epilepsia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, C1181ACH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Silva
- Programa de Cirugía de Epilepsia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, C1181ACH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Ciraolo
- Programa de Cirugía de Epilepsia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, C1181ACH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Vaucheret
- Programa de Cirugía de Epilepsia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, C1181ACH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Sedeño
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Universidad de San Andrés, B1644BID Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, CA 94158 San Francisco, USA
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, 8320000, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, 080003, Barranquilla, Colombia
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18
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Arioli M, Gianelli C, Canessa N. Neural representation of social concepts: a coordinate-based meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 15:1912-1921. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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Abstract
The present study develops key research for French word norms that combines the predominant theories of dimensional and discrete (or categorical) emotions. As a result, we provide the database FANCat, affective norms for a set of 1031 French words on ten discrete emotion categories: fear, anger, disgust, sadness, anxiety, awe, excitement, contentment, amusement, and serenity. FANCat complements a previous word set, FAN, which provides only the dimensional norms, valence, and arousal (Monnier & Syssau, 2014). Herein, we introduce five discrete positive emotions in efforts to differentiate positive emotions at higher resolution and specificity. Although ten emotional categories were considered in FANCat norms, results showed a high degree of inter-rater reliability and a good external validity. Then, distributional analyses of words into the ten emotion categories revealed that positive words evoked mainly the emotions awe, contentment, and amusement, and principally evoked either one positive emotion only ("pure" words) or two (mixed words). This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between language, and negative and positive emotions. It is also currently the only norms database in French that analyses ten discrete emotions as well as including valence and arousal. FANCat is available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338622765_FANCat_database .
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20
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Attributed social context and emotional content recruit frontal and limbic brain regions during virtual feedback processing. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 19:239-252. [PMID: 30414041 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-00660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In communication, who is communicating can be just as important as what is said. However, sender identity in virtual communication is often inferred rather than perceived. Therefore, the present research investigates the brain structures activated by sender identity attributions and evaluative feedback processing during virtual communication. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, 32 participants were told that they would receive personality feedback, either sent from another human participant or from a randomly acting computer. In reality, both conditions contained random but counterbalanced feedback, automatically delivered by approving or denying negative, neutral, or positive adjectives. Although physically identical, feedback attributed to the "human" sender activated multiple regions within a "social brain" network, including the superior frontal, medial prefrontal, and orbitofrontal cortex, anterior and posterior parts of the cingulate cortex, and the bilateral insula. Regardless of attributed sender, positive feedback increased responses in the striatum and bilateral amygdalae, while negative compared to neutral feedback elicited stronger insula and somatosensory responses. These results reveal the recruitment of an extensive mentalizing and social brain network by mere sender attributions and the activation of brain structures related to reward and punishment by verbal feedback, demonstrating its embodied processing.
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21
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Dricu M, Schüpbach L, Bristle M, Wiest R, Moser DA, Aue T. Group membership dictates the neural correlates of social optimism biases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1139. [PMID: 31980697 PMCID: PMC6981267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimism bias, i.e. expecting the future to hold more desirable than undesirable outcomes, also extends to people that we like or admire. However, it remains unknown how the brain generates this social optimism bias. In this study, respondents estimated the likelihood of future desirable and undesirable outcomes for an in-group and three out-groups: warm-incompetent, cold-competent, and cold-incompetent. We found a strong social optimism bias for the in-group and the warm out-group and an inverted pattern for the cold-incompetent out-group. For all groups, scores of social optimism bias correlated with the brain activity in structures that respondents differentially engaged depending on the target social group. In line with our hypotheses, evaluating the in-group recruited the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, whereas evaluating the warm out-group engaged the posterior insula, mid cingulate cortex, and somatosensory cortices. These findings suggest different underlying cognitive mechanisms of social optimism bias for these groups, despite similar behavioural patterns. Thinking about the cold out-groups recruited the right anterior temporal lobe, and temporoparietal junction. Evaluating the cold-incompetent out-group additionally recruited the anterior insula, inferior frontal cortex and dorsomedial frontal cortex. We discuss these neuroimaging findings with respect to their putative cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roland Wiest
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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22
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Nakamura K, Inomata T, Uno A. Left Amygdala Regulates the Cerebral Reading Network During Fast Emotion Word Processing. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 32038435 PMCID: PMC6989437 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion words constitute a special class of verbal stimuli which can quickly activate the limbic system outside the left-hemisphere language network. Such fast response to emotion words may arise independently of the left occipitotemporal area involved in visual word-form analysis and rely on a distinct amygdala-dependent emotion circuit involved in fearful face processing. Using a hemifield priming paradigm with fMRI, we explored how the left and right amygdala systems interact with the reading network during emotion word processing. On each trial, participants viewed a centrally presented target which was preceded by a masked prime flashed either to the left or right visual field. Primes and targets, each denoting negative or positive nouns, could be either affectively congruent or incongruent with each other. We observed that affective congruency produced parallel changes in neural priming between the left frontal and parietotemporal regions and the bilateral amygdala. However, we also found that the left, but not right, amygdala exhibited significant change in functional connectivity with the neural components of reading as a function of affective congruency. Collectively, these results suggest that emotion words activate the bilateral amygdala during early stages of emotion word processing, whereas only the left amygdala exerts a long-distance regulatory influence over the reading network via its strong within-hemisphere connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiro Nakamura
- Section of Systems Neuroscience, National Rehabilitation Center Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan.,Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoe Inomata
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Uno
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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23
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van Mierlo P, Höller Y, Focke NK, Vulliemoz S. Network Perspectives on Epilepsy Using EEG/MEG Source Connectivity. Front Neurol 2019; 10:721. [PMID: 31379703 PMCID: PMC6651209 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of EEG/MEG source connectivity is both, a promising, and controversial advance in the characterization of epileptic brain activity. In this narrative review we elucidate the potential of this technology to provide an intuitive view of the epileptic network at its origin, the different brain regions involved in the epilepsy, without the limitation of electrodes at the scalp level. Several studies have confirmed the added value of using source connectivity to localize the seizure onset zone and irritative zone or to quantify the propagation of epileptic activity over time. It has been shown in pilot studies that source connectivity has the potential to obtain prognostic correlates, to assist in the diagnosis of the epilepsy type even in the absence of visually noticeable epileptic activity in the EEG/MEG, and to predict treatment outcome. Nevertheless, prospective validation studies in large and heterogeneous patient cohorts are still lacking and are needed to bring these techniques into clinical use. Moreover, the methodological approach is challenging, with several poorly examined parameters that most likely impact the resulting network patterns. These fundamental challenges affect all potential applications of EEG/MEG source connectivity analysis, be it in a resting, spiking, or ictal state, and also its application to cognitive activation of the eloquent area in presurgical evaluation. However, such method can allow unique insights into physiological and pathological brain functions and have great potential in (clinical) neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter van Mierlo
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvonne Höller
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Niels K Focke
- Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Serge Vulliemoz
- EEG and Epilepsy Unit, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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24
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Yu Q, Zhuang Q, Wang B, Liu X, Zhao G, Zhang M. The effect of anxiety on emotional recognition: evidence from an ERP study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16146. [PMID: 30385790 PMCID: PMC6212571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety-related bias in the recognition memory based on trait anxiety has induced some studies. Their results, however, were conflicting. In fact, anxious differences not only differed from personality traits but also from different anxiety mood levels. We explored the emotional memory bias in both trait and state anxiety individuals, the high trait and high state anxiety group, the high trait and low state anxiety group, the low trait and high state anxiety group, and the low trait and low state anxiety group, on classic recognition paradigm using event-related potentials (ERPs). The behavioral results showed high state anxiety levels increased the d' of negative words, regardless of the trait anxiety of participant is high or low, and a lower d' of recognition memory for negative words than for neutral and positive words in all participants. Moreover, Electrophysiological results supported the findings of behavior, showing an earlier N400 (250-500 ms) latency elicited for new-negative words in high state level than in low state levels in right parietal region. These results suggested that the memory bias to negative events resides in state anxiety, but not in trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xingze Liu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, 453003, China.
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25
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Abstract
Fiction is vital to our being. Many people enjoy engaging with fiction every day. Here we focus on literary reading as 1 instance of fiction consumption from a cognitive neuroscience perspective. The brain processes which play a role in the mental construction of fiction worlds and the related engagement with fictional characters, remain largely unknown. The authors discuss the neurocognitive poetics model ( Jacobs, 2015a ) of literary reading specifying the likely neuronal correlates of several key processes in literary reading, namely inference and situation model building, immersion, mental simulation and imagery, figurative language and style, and the issue of distinguishing fact from fiction. An overview of recent work on these key processes is followed by a discussion of methodological challenges in studying the brain bases of fiction processing.
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26
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Ziegler JC, Montant M, Briesemeister BB, Brink TT, Wicker B, Ponz A, Bonnard M, Jacobs AM, Braun M. Do Words Stink? Neural Reuse as a Principle for Understanding Emotions in Reading. J Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:1023-1032. [PMID: 29668395 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
How do we understand the emotional content of written words? Here, we investigate the hypothesis that written words that carry emotions are processed through phylogenetically ancient neural circuits that are involved in the processing of the very same emotions in nonlanguage contexts. This hypothesis was tested with respect to disgust. In an fMRI experiment, it was found that the same region of the left anterior insula responded whether people observed facial expressions of disgust or whether they read words with disgusting content. In a follow-up experiment, it was found that repetitive TMS over the left insula in comparison with a control site interfered with the processing of disgust words to a greater extent than with the processing of neutral words. Together, the results support the hypothesis that the affective processes we experience when reading rely on the reuse of phylogenetically ancient brain structures that process basic emotions in other domains and species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Braun
- University of Salzburg and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience
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Leng Y, Zhu Y, Ge S, Qian X, Zhang J. Neural Temporal Dynamics of Social Exclusion Elicited by Averted Gaze: An Event-Related Potentials Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:21. [PMID: 29467631 PMCID: PMC5807906 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye gaze plays a fundamental role in social communication. The averted eye gaze during social interaction, as the most common form of silent treatment, conveys a signal of social exclusion. In the present study, we examined the time course of brain response to social exclusion by using a modified version of Eye-gaze paradigm. The event-related potentials (ERPs) data and the subjective rating data showed that the frontocentral P200 was positively correlated with negative mood of excluded events, whereas, the centroparietal late positive potential (LPP) was positively correlated with the perceived ostracism intensity. Both the P200 and LPP were more positive-going for excluded events than for included events. These findings suggest that brain responses sensitive to social exclusion can be divided into the early affective processing stage, linking to the early pre-cognitive warning system; and the late higher-order processes stage, demanding attentional resources for elaborate stimuli evaluation and categorization generally not under specific situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Leng
- School of Biomedical Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- School of Biomedical Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Ge
- School of Biomedical Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Qian
- School of Biomedical Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jili Zhang
- School of Biomedical Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Jacobs AM. Quantifying the Beauty of Words: A Neurocognitive Poetics Perspective. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:622. [PMID: 29311877 PMCID: PMC5742167 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper I would like to pave the ground for future studies in Computational Stylistics and (Neuro-)Cognitive Poetics by describing procedures for predicting the subjective beauty of words. A set of eight tentative word features is computed via Quantitative Narrative Analysis (QNA) and a novel metric for quantifying word beauty, the aesthetic potential is proposed. Application of machine learning algorithms fed with this QNA data shows that a classifier of the decision tree family excellently learns to split words into beautiful vs. ugly ones. The results shed light on surface and semantic features theoretically relevant for affective-aesthetic processes in literary reading and generate quantitative predictions for neuroaesthetic studies of verbal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M Jacobs
- Department of Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.,Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Review and Classification of Emotion Recognition Based on EEG Brain-Computer Interface System Research: A Systematic Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7121239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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30
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Ding R, Li P, Wang W, Luo W. Emotion Processing by ERP Combined with Development and Plasticity. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:5282670. [PMID: 28831313 PMCID: PMC5555003 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5282670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions important for survival and social interaction have received wide and deep investigations. The application of the fMRI technique into emotion processing has obtained overwhelming achievements with respect to the localization of emotion processes. The ERP method, which possesses highly temporal resolution compared to fMRI, can be employed to investigate the time course of emotion processing. The emotional modulation of the ERP component has been verified across numerous researches. Emotions, described as dynamically developing along with the growing age, have the possibility to be enhanced through learning (or training) or to be damaged due to disturbances in growth, which is underlain by the neural plasticity of emotion-relevant nervous systems. And mood disorders with typical symptoms of emotion discordance probably have been caused by the dysfunctional neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Ping Li
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
- Laboratory of Cognition and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
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31
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García-Cordero I, Esteves S, Mikulan EP, Hesse E, Baglivo FH, Silva W, García MDC, Vaucheret E, Ciraolo C, García HS, Adolfi F, Pietto M, Herrera E, Legaz A, Manes F, García AM, Sigman M, Bekinschtein TA, Ibáñez A, Sedeño L. Attention, in and Out: Scalp-Level and Intracranial EEG Correlates of Interoception and Exteroception. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:411. [PMID: 28769749 PMCID: PMC5515904 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoception, the monitoring of visceral signals, is often presumed to engage attentional mechanisms specifically devoted to inner bodily sensing. In fact, most standardized interoceptive tasks require directing attention to internal signals. However, most studies in the field have failed to compare attentional modulations between internally- and externally-driven processes, thus probing blind to the specificity of the former. Here we address this issue through a multidimensional approach combining behavioral measures, analyses of event-related potentials and functional connectivity via high-density electroencephalography, and intracranial recordings. In Study 1, 50 healthy volunteers performed a heartbeat detection task as we recorded modulations of the heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) in three conditions: exteroception, basal interoception (also termed interoceptive accuracy), and post-feedback interoception (sometimes called interoceptive learning). In Study 2, to evaluate whether key interoceptive areas (posterior insula, inferior frontal gyrus, amygdala, and somatosensory cortex) were differentially modulated by externally- and internally-driven processes, we analyzed human intracranial recordings with depth electrodes in these regions. This unique technique provides a very fine grained spatio-temporal resolution compared to other techniques, such as EEG or fMRI. We found that both interoceptive conditions in Study 1 yielded greater HEP amplitudes than the exteroceptive one. In addition, connectivity analysis showed that post-feedback interoception, relative to basal interoception, involved enhanced long-distance connections linking frontal and posterior regions. Moreover, results from Study 2 showed a differentiation between oscillations during basal interoception (broadband: 35–110 Hz) and exteroception (1–35 Hz) in the insula, the amygdala, the somatosensory cortex, and the inferior frontal gyrus. In sum, this work provides convergent evidence for the specificity and dynamics of attentional mechanisms involved in interoception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira García-Cordero
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sol Esteves
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel P Mikulan
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Hesse
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabricio H Baglivo
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Silva
- Programa de Cirugía de Epilepsia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Esteban Vaucheret
- Programa de Cirugía de Epilepsia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Ciraolo
- Programa de Cirugía de Epilepsia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernando S García
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá, Colombia.,Centro de Memoria y Cognición IntellectusBogotá, Colombia
| | - Federico Adolfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Pietto
- National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Unit of Applied Neurobiology, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduar Herrera
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad ICESICali, Colombia
| | - Agustina Legaz
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Manes
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adolfo M García
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Education, National University of CuyoMendoza, Argentina
| | - Mariano Sigman
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Universidad Torcuato Di TellaBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fısica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Fısica de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tristán A Bekinschtein
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo IbáñezSantiago, Chile.,Universidad Autónoma del CaribeBarranquilla, Colombia
| | - Lucas Sedeño
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina
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32
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Lee JY, Lindquist KA, Nam CS. Emotional Granularity Effects on Event-Related Brain Potentials during Affective Picture Processing. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:133. [PMID: 28392761 PMCID: PMC5364149 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is debate about whether emotional granularity, the tendency to label emotions in a nuanced and specific manner, is merely a product of labeling abilities, or a systematic difference in the experience of emotion during emotionally evocative events. According to the Conceptual Act Theory of Emotion (CAT) (Barrett, 2006), emotional granularity is due to the latter and is a product of on-going temporal differences in how individuals categorize and thus make meaning of their affective states. To address this question, the present study investigated the effects of individual differences in emotional granularity on electroencephalography-based brain activity during the experience of emotion in response to affective images. Event-related potentials (ERP) and event-related desynchronization and synchronization (ERD/ERS) analysis techniques were used. We found that ERP responses during the very early (60-90 ms), middle (270-300 ms), and later (540-570 ms) moments of stimulus presentation were associated with individuals' level of granularity. We also observed that highly granular individuals, compared to lowly granular individuals, exhibited relatively stable desynchronization of alpha power (8-12 Hz) and synchronization of gamma power (30-50 Hz) during the 3 s of stimulus presentation. Overall, our results suggest that emotional granularity is related to differences in neural processing throughout emotional experiences and that high granularity could be associated with access to executive control resources and a more habitual processing of affective stimuli, or a kind of "emotional complexity." Implications for models of emotion are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Y. Lee
- Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MadisonWI, USA
| | - Kristen A. Lindquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC, USA
| | - Chang S. Nam
- Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, USA
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33
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Jacobs A, Hofmann MJ, Kinder A. On Elementary Affective Decisions: To Like Or Not to Like, That Is the Question. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1836. [PMID: 27933013 PMCID: PMC5122311 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Perhaps the most ubiquitous and basic affective decision of daily life is deciding whether we like or dislike something/somebody, or, in terms of psychological emotion theories, whether the object/subject has positive or negative valence. Indeed, people constantly make such liking decisions within a glimpse and, importantly, often without expecting any obvious benefit or knowing the exact reasons for their judgment. In this paper, we review research on such elementary affective decisions (EADs) that entail no direct overt reward with a special focus on Neurocognitive Poetics and discuss methods and models for investigating the neuronal and cognitive-affective bases of EADs to verbal materials with differing degrees of complexity. In line with evolutionary and appraisal theories of (aesthetic) emotions and data from recent neurocognitive studies, the results of a decision tree modeling approach simulating EADs to single words suggest that a main driving force behind EADs is the extent to which such high-dimensional stimuli are associated with the “basic” emotions joy/happiness and disgust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Jacobs
- Department of Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany; Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Markus J Hofmann
- Department of General and Biological Psychology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Annette Kinder
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
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34
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Sylvester T, Braun M, Schmidtke D, Jacobs AM. The Berlin Affective Word List for Children (kidBAWL): Exploring Processing of Affective Lexical Semantics in the Visual and Auditory Modalities. Front Psychol 2016; 7:969. [PMID: 27445930 PMCID: PMC4928334 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While research on affective word processing in adults witnesses increasing interest, the present paper looks at another group of participants that have been neglected so far: pupils (age range: 6-12 years). Introducing a variant of the Berlin Affective Wordlist (BAWL) especially adapted for children of that age group, the "kidBAWL," we examined to what extent pupils process affective lexical semantics similarly to adults. In three experiments using rating and valence decision tasks in both the visual and auditory modality, it was established that children show the two ubiquitous phenomena observed in adults with emotional word material: the asymmetric U-shaped function relating valence to arousal ratings, and the inversely U-shaped function relating response times to valence decision latencies. The results for both modalities show large structural similarities between pupil and adult data (taken from previous studies) indicating that in the present age range, the affective lexicon and the dynamic interplay between language and emotion is already well-developed. Differential effects show that younger children tend to choose less extreme ratings than older children and that rating latencies decrease with age. Overall, our study should help to develop more realistic models of word recognition and reading that include affective processes and offer a methodology for exploring the roots of pleasant literary experiences and ludic reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sylvester
- Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Braun
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Schmidtke
- Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Arthur M Jacobs
- Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
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35
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Aziz-Zadeh L, Gamez-Djokic V. Comment: The Interaction Between Metaphor and Emotion Processing in the Brain. EMOTION REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1754073915595098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been argued that metaphor and emotion processing are tightly linked together. Here we explore whether neuroscientific evidence supports this claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Aziz-Zadeh
- Brain and Creativity Institute, Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Vesna Gamez-Djokic
- Brain and Creativity Institute, Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, USA
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36
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Parkes L, Perry C, Goodin P. Examining the N400m in affectively negative sentences: A magnetoencephalography study. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:689-704. [PMID: 26787447 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography was used to examine the effect on the N400m of reading words that create emotional violations in sentences. The beginnings of the sentences were affectively negative and were completed with either a negative congruous, positive incongruous, or neutral incongruous adjective (e.g., "My mother was killed and I felt bad/great/normal"). The task conditions were also manipulated to favor semantic over affective processing. Compared to the sentences with the congruous negative adjectives, the results of sensor space analysis showed that there was an N400m effect with the sentences with the neutral but not positive adjectives, despite both types of sentences containing an emotional violation. Source localization results showed a similar pattern where the sentences with the incongruous positive versus congruous negative adjectives showed no significant N400m effect in the temporal and frontal areas examined, but the sentences with the incongruous neutral versus incongruous positive adjectives in the temporal areas did, particularly the left middle temporal gyrus. These results suggest that (a) the N400m effect was likely to be caused by the incongruous neutral adjectives being comparatively harder to integrate into a negative emotional context than the incongruous positive ones, (b) emotional context created by the negative sentence stems caused deeper semantic processing of the incongruous positive adjectives to be bypassed, and (c) negative affective context was generated from reading the sentences even in task conditions where it has not been generated with isolated words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linden Parkes
- Brain & Mental Health Laboratory, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Conrad Perry
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Goodin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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37
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Lee SM, Kim JH, Park C, Hwang JY, Hong JS, Lee KH, Lee SH. Self-Adhesive and Capacitive Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrode to Record Electroencephalograph Signals From the Hairy Scalp. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2016; 63:138-47. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2478406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Trauer SM, Kotz SA, Müller MM. Emotional words facilitate lexical but not early visual processing. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:89. [PMID: 26654384 PMCID: PMC4676879 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emotional scenes and faces have shown to capture and bind visual resources at early sensory processing stages, i.e. in early visual cortex. However, emotional words have led to mixed results. In the current study ERPs were assessed simultaneously with steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) to measure attention effects on early visual activity in emotional word processing. Neutral and negative words were flickered at 12.14 Hz whilst participants performed a Lexical Decision Task. Results Emotional word content did not modulate the 12.14 Hz SSVEP amplitude, neither did word lexicality. However, emotional words affected the ERP. Negative compared to neutral words as well as words compared to pseudowords lead to enhanced deflections in the P2 time range indicative of lexico-semantic access. The N400 was reduced for negative compared to neutral words and enhanced for pseudowords compared to words indicating facilitated semantic processing of emotional words. LPC amplitudes reflected word lexicality and thus the task-relevant response. Conclusion In line with previous ERP and imaging evidence, the present results indicate that written emotional words are facilitated in processing only subsequent to visual analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Trauer
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Psychologie, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Leipzig, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sonja A Kotz
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias M Müller
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Psychologie, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Leipzig, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
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39
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Yoon S, Shim M, Kim HS, Lee SH. Enhanced Early Posterior Negativity to Fearful Faces in Patients with Anxiety Disorder. Brain Topogr 2015; 29:262-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-015-0456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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40
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Abbassi E, Blanchette I, Ansaldo AI, Ghassemzadeh H, Joanette Y. Emotional words can be embodied or disembodied: the role of superficial vs. deep types of processing. Front Psychol 2015. [PMID: 26217288 PMCID: PMC4496550 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional words are processed rapidly and automatically in the left hemisphere (LH) and slowly, with the involvement of attention, in the right hemisphere (RH). This review aims to find the reason for this difference and suggests that emotional words can be processed superficially or deeply due to the involvement of the linguistic and imagery systems, respectively. During superficial processing, emotional words likely make connections only with semantically associated words in the LH. This part of the process is automatic and may be sufficient for the purpose of language processing. Deep processing, in contrast, seems to involve conceptual information and imagery of a word’s perceptual and emotional properties using autobiographical memory contents. Imagery and the involvement of autobiographical memory likely differentiate between emotional and neutral word processing and explain the salient role of the RH in emotional word processing. It is concluded that the level of emotional word processing in the RH should be deeper than in the LH and, thus, it is conceivable that the slow mode of processing adds certain qualities to the output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensie Abbassi
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Isabelle Blanchette
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC Canada
| | - Ana I Ansaldo
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Habib Ghassemzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran ; Visiting Scholar, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - Yves Joanette
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
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Jacobs AM, Võ MLH, Briesemeister BB, Conrad M, Hofmann MJ, Kuchinke L, Lüdtke J, Braun M. 10 years of BAWLing into affective and aesthetic processes in reading: what are the echoes? Front Psychol 2015; 6:714. [PMID: 26089808 PMCID: PMC4452804 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reading is not only "cold" information processing, but involves affective and aesthetic processes that go far beyond what current models of word recognition, sentence processing, or text comprehension can explain. To investigate such "hot" reading processes, standardized instruments that quantify both psycholinguistic and emotional variables at the sublexical, lexical, inter-, and supralexical levels (e.g., phonological iconicity, word valence, arousal-span, or passage suspense) are necessary. One such instrument, the Berlin Affective Word List (BAWL) has been used in over 50 published studies demonstrating effects of lexical emotional variables on all relevant processing levels (experiential, behavioral, neuronal). In this paper, we first present new data from several BAWL studies. Together, these studies examine various views on affective effects in reading arising from dimensional (e.g., valence) and discrete emotion features (e.g., happiness), or embodied cognition features like smelling. Second, we extend our investigation of the complex issue of affective word processing to words characterized by a mixture of affects. These words entail positive and negative valence, and/or features making them beautiful or ugly. Finally, we discuss tentative neurocognitive models of affective word processing in the light of the present results, raising new issues for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M. Jacobs
- Department of Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Languages of Emotion”, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of EmotionBerlin, Germany
| | - Melissa L.-H. Võ
- Scene Grammar Lab, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt, Germany
| | - Benny B. Briesemeister
- Department of Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Markus Conrad
- Cluster of Excellence “Languages of Emotion”, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Department of Cognitive, Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad de La LagunaSan Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Markus J. Hofmann
- Department of Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, General and Biological Psychology, University of WuppertalWuppertal, Germany
| | - Lars Kuchinke
- Cluster of Excellence “Languages of Emotion”, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Experimental Psychology and Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr Universität BochumBochum, Germany
| | - Jana Lüdtke
- Department of Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Languages of Emotion”, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Mario Braun
- Department of Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
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Jacobs AM. Neurocognitive poetics: methods and models for investigating the neuronal and cognitive-affective bases of literature reception. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:186. [PMID: 25932010 PMCID: PMC4399337 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A long tradition of research including classical rhetoric, esthetics and poetics theory, formalism and structuralism, as well as current perspectives in (neuro)cognitive poetics has investigated structural and functional aspects of literature reception. Despite a wealth of literature published in specialized journals like Poetics, however, still little is known about how the brain processes and creates literary and poetic texts. Still, such stimulus material might be suited better than other genres for demonstrating the complexities with which our brain constructs the world in and around us, because it unifies thought and language, music and imagery in a clear, manageable way, most often with play, pleasure, and emotion (Schrott and Jacobs, 2011). In this paper, I discuss methods and models for investigating the neuronal and cognitive-affective bases of literary reading together with pertinent results from studies on poetics, text processing, emotion, or neuroaesthetics, and outline current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M. Jacobs
- Department of Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience (CCNB), Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion (D.I.N.E.), Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
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Braun M. Emotion and language - When and how comes emotion into words?: Comment on "The quartet theory of human emotions: An integrative and neurofunctional model" by S. Koelsch et al. Phys Life Rev 2015; 13:36-7. [PMID: 25900188 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Braun
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg, Austria.
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Carretié L. Exogenous (automatic) attention to emotional stimuli: a review. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 14:1228-58. [PMID: 24683062 PMCID: PMC4218981 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-014-0270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge on the architecture of exogenous attention (also called automatic, bottom-up, or stimulus-driven attention, among other terms) has been mainly obtained from studies employing neutral, anodyne stimuli. Since, from an evolutionary perspective, exogenous attention can be understood as an adaptive tool for rapidly detecting salient events, reorienting processing resources to them, and enhancing processing mechanisms, emotional events (which are, by definition, salient for the individual) would seem crucial to a comprehensive understanding of this process. This review, focusing on the visual modality, describes 55 experiments in which both emotional and neutral irrelevant distractors are presented at the same time as ongoing task targets. Qualitative and, when possible, meta-analytic descriptions of results are provided. The most conspicuous result is that, as confirmed by behavioral and/or neural indices, emotional distractors capture exogenous attention to a significantly greater extent than do neutral distractors. The modulatory effects of the nature of distractors capturing attention, of the ongoing task characteristics, and of individual differences, previously proposed as mediating factors, are also described. Additionally, studies reviewed here provide temporal and spatial information-partially absent in traditional cognitive models-on the neural basis of preattention/evaluation, reorienting, and sensory amplification, the main subprocesses involved in exogenous attention. A model integrating these different levels of information is proposed. The present review, which reveals that there are several key issues for which experimental data are surprisingly scarce, confirms the relevance of including emotional distractors in studies on exogenous attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carretié
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain,
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Emotions in reading: Dissociation of happiness and positivity. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 15:287-98. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-014-0327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Weiland H, Bambini V, Schumacher PB. The role of literal meaning in figurative language comprehension: evidence from masked priming ERP. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:583. [PMID: 25136309 PMCID: PMC4120764 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of literal meaning during the construction of meaning that goes beyond pure literal composition was investigated by combining cross-modal masked priming and ERPs. This experimental design was chosen to compare two conflicting theoretical positions on this topic. The indirect access account claims that literal aspects are processed first, and additional meaning components are computed only if no satisfactory interpretation is reached. In contrast, the direct access approach argues that figurative aspects can be accessed immediately. We presented metaphors (These lawyers are hyenas, Experiment 1a and 1b) and producer-for-product metonymies (The boy read Böll, Experiment 2a and 2b) with and without a prime word that was semantically relevant to the literal meaning of the target word (furry and talented, respectively). In the presentation without priming, metaphors revealed a biphasic N400-Late Positivity pattern, while metonymies showed an N400 only. We interpret the findings within a two-phase language architecture where contextual expectations guide initial access (N400) and precede pragmatic adjustment resulting in reconceptualization (Late Positivity). With masked priming, the N400-difference was reduced for metaphors and vanished for metonymies. This speaks against the direct access view that predicts a facilitating effect for the literal condition only and hence would predict the N400-difference to increase. The results are more consistent with indirect access accounts that argue for facilitation effects for both conditions and consequently for consistent or even smaller N400-amplitude differences. This combined masked priming ERP paradigm therefore yields new insights into the role of literal meaning in the online composition of figurative language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Weiland
- Department of English and Linguistics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Valentina Bambini
- Center for Neurocognition and Theoretical Syntax, Institute for Advanced Study IUSS Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Petra B Schumacher
- Department of English and Linguistics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz, Germany ; Institute of German Language and Literature I, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
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Briesemeister BB, Kuchinke L, Jacobs AM. Emotion word recognition: Discrete information effects first, continuous later? Brain Res 2014; 1564:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Very early processing of emotional words revealed in temporoparietal junctions of both hemispheres by EEG and TMS. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:1267-81. [PMID: 24496490 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-3843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the contribution of both hemispheres in a lateralised lexical decision paradigm with emotional and neutral words in healthy volunteers. In a first experiment, high-density EEG analysis using source imaging methods revealed early specific participation of the temporoparietal junctions (TPJ) in both hemispheres for the detection of words. Then, in an event-related transcranial magnetic stimulation experiment with the same task, the disruption of left or right TPJ compared with a control stimulation over the vertex showed a slowing that is more pronounced when words are emotional and presented in the left visual field (LVF). This indicates that interference with both left and right TPJ results in impaired processing of words that were presented to the LVF. In addition, these results point to a specific cooperative contribution of the right hemisphere in the processing of words with emotional content compared with neutral words at very early stages. Results from the two experiments can be integrated in a brain-based spatiotemporal model of the early detection of written words.
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ANGST: Affective norms for German sentiment terms, derived from the affective norms for English words. Behav Res Methods 2014; 46:1108-18. [DOI: 10.3758/s13428-013-0426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Aoki Y, Inokuchi R, Nakao T, Yamasue H. Neural bases of antisocial behavior: a voxel-based meta-analysis. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 9:1223-31. [PMID: 23926170 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with antisocial behavior place a great physical and economic burden on society. Deficits in emotional processing have been recognized as a fundamental cause of antisocial behavior. Emerging evidence also highlights a significant contribution of attention allocation deficits to such behavior. A comprehensive literature search identified 12 studies that were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, which compared 291 individuals with antisocial problems and 247 controls. Signed Differential Mapping revealed that compared with controls, gray matter volume (GMV) in subjects with antisocial behavior was reduced in the right lentiform nucleus (P < 0.0001), left insula (P = 0.0002) and left frontopolar cortex (FPC) (P = 0.0006), and was increased in the right fusiform gyrus (P < 0.0001), right inferior parietal lobule (P = 0.0003), right superior parietal lobule (P = 0.0004), right cingulate gyrus (P = 0.0004) and the right postcentral gyrus (P = 0.0004). Given the well-known contributions of limbic and paralimbic areas to emotional processing, the observed reductions in GMV in these regions might represent neural correlates of disturbance in emotional processing underlying antisocial behavior. Previous studies have suggested an FPC role in attention allocation during emotional processing. Therefore, GMV deviations in this area may constitute a neural basis of deficits in attention allocation linked with antisocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Aoki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, JapanDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, JapanDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan yuaoki-tky
| | - Ryota Inokuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, JapanDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, JapanDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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