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Adam Yaple Z, Tolomeo S, Yu R. Spatial and chronic differences in neural activity in medicated and unmedicated schizophrenia patients. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103029. [PMID: 35569228 PMCID: PMC9112098 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The medicated schizophrenia group yielded concordant activity among three right lateralized frontal clusters and a left lateralized parietal cluster. The unmedicated schizophrenia group yielded concordant activity among right lateralized frontal-parietal regions. A neural compensatory mechanism in schizophrenia.
A major caveat with investigations on schizophrenic patients is the difficulty to control for medication usage across samples as disease-related neural differences may be confounded by medication usage. Following a thorough literature search (632 records identified), we included 37 studies with a total of 740 medicated schizophrenia patients and 367 unmedicated schizophrenia patients. Here, we perform several meta-analyses to assess the neurofunctional differences between medicated and unmedicated schizophrenic patients across fMRI studies to determine systematic regions associated with medication usage. Several clusters identified by the meta-analysis on the medicated group include three right lateralized frontal clusters and a left lateralized parietal cluster, whereas the unmedicated group yielded concordant activity among right lateralized frontal-parietal regions. We further explored the prevalence of activity within these regions across illness duration and task type. These findings suggest a neural compensatory mechanism across these regions both spatially and chronically, offering new insight into the spatial and temporal dynamic neural differences among medicated and unmedicated schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serenella Tolomeo
- Social and Cognitive Computing Department, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Wroblewski A, He Y, Straube B. Dynamic Causal Modelling suggests impaired effective connectivity in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders during gesture-speech integration. Schizophr Res 2020; 216:175-183. [PMID: 31882274 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Integrating visual and auditory information during gesture-speech integration (GSI) is important for successful social communication, which is often impaired in schizophrenia. Several studies suggested the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) to be a relevant multisensory integration site. However, intact STS activation patterns were often reported in patients. Thus, here we used Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) to analyze whether information processing in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) is impaired during GSI on network level. We investigated GSI in three different samples. First, we replicated a recently published connectivity model for GSI in a healthy subject group (n = 19). Second, we investigated differences between patients with SSD and a matched healthy control group (n = 17 each). Participants were presented videos of an actor performing intrinsically meaningful gestures accompanied by spoken sentences in German or Russian, or just telling a German sentence without gestures. Across all groups, fMRI analyses revealed similar activation patterns, and DCM analyses resulted in the same winning model for GSI. This finding directly replicates previous results. However, patients revealed significantly reduced connectivity in the verbal pathway (from left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) to left STS). The clinical significance of this connection is supported by its correlations with the severity of concretism and a subscale of negative symptoms (SANS). Our model confirms the importance of the pSTS as integration site during audio-visual integration. Patients showed generally intact connectivity during GSI, but revealed impaired information transfer via the verbal pathway. This might be the basis of interpersonal communication problems in patients with SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wroblewski
- Translational Neuroimaging Marburg (TNM), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
| | - Yifei He
- Translational Neuroimaging Marburg (TNM), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany; Faculty of Translation, Language, and Cultural Studies, University of Mainz, Germersheim, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Translational Neuroimaging Marburg (TNM), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
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Matsumoto Y, Takahashi H, Miyata J, Sugihara G, Murai T, Takahashi H. Neural basis of altered earlier attention and higher order biological motion processing in schizophrenia. Soc Neurosci 2017; 13:594-601. [PMID: 28805504 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2017.1366363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients have impairments of biological motion (BM) perception, which provides critical information about social cognition. Because social cognition is underpinned by attention, the impairments of BM perception in schizophrenia could be partially attributable to altered attention. To elucidate the impairments in attention and social perception in schizophrenia, we investigated the neural basis of impaired BM processing using MRI in respect to attention deficits by eye tracker. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to evaluate the relationship between BM perception and gray matter (GM) volume. The temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and anterior superior temporal sulcus (aSTS) were related to task accuracy. However, when the effect of attention (i.e., eye movement) was controlled, the relationship in TPJ became non-significant, while aSTS showed a significant relationship with BM perception. Alteration in TPJ might be associated with inefficient attentional strategy, whereas dysfunctional aSTS might be correlated with deficit in higher order BM processing per se. Several cognitive levels as well as corresponding brain areas are possibly involved in the manifestation of social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Matsumoto
- a Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- b Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate school of Engineering science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- a Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Genichi Sugihara
- a Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- a Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- a Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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Schilbach L, Derntl B, Aleman A, Caspers S, Clos M, Diederen KMJ, Gruber O, Kogler L, Liemburg EJ, Sommer IE, Müller VI, Cieslik EC, Eickhoff SB. Differential Patterns of Dysconnectivity in Mirror Neuron and Mentalizing Networks in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1135-48. [PMID: 26940699 PMCID: PMC4988733 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Impairments of social cognition are well documented in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), but the neural basis remains poorly understood. In light of evidence that suggests that the "mirror neuron system" (MNS) and the "mentalizing network" (MENT) are key substrates of intersubjectivity and joint action, it has been suggested that dysfunction of these neural networks may underlie social difficulties in SCZ patients. Additionally, MNS and MENT might be associated differently with positive vs negative symptoms, given prior social cognitive and symptom associations. We assessed resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in meta-analytically defined MNS and MENT networks in this patient group. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained from 116 patients and 133 age-, gender- and movement-matched healthy controls (HC) at 5 different MRI sites. Network connectivity was analyzed for group differences and correlations with clinical symptoms. Results demonstrated decreased connectivity within the MNS and also the MENT in patients compared to controls. Notably, dysconnectivity of the MNS was related to symptom severity, while no such relationship was observed for the MENT. In sum, these findings demonstrate that differential patterns of dysconnectivity exist in SCZ patients, which may contribute differently to the interpersonal difficulties commonly observed in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Schilbach
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany;,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany;,These authors contributed equally
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-BRAIN, Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich-Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Andre Aleman
- BCN Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Mareike Clos
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Kelly M. J. Diederen
- Neuroscience Division, University Medical Center Utrecht & Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;,Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lydia Kogler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany;,Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-BRAIN, Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich-Aachen, Germany;,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Edith J. Liemburg
- BCN Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Iris E. Sommer
- Neuroscience Division, University Medical Center Utrecht & Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Veronika I. Müller
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany;,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, HHU Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Edna C. Cieslik
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany;,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, HHU Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany;,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, HHU Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Matsumoto Y, Takahashi H, Murai T, Takahashi H. Visual processing and social cognition in schizophrenia: relationships among eye movements, biological motion perception, and empathy. Neurosci Res 2014; 90:95-100. [PMID: 25449145 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients have impairments at several levels of cognition including visual attention (eye movements), perception, and social cognition. However, it remains unclear how lower-level cognitive deficits influence higher-level cognition. To elucidate the hierarchical path linking deficient cognitions, we focused on biological motion perception, which is involved in both the early stage of visual perception (attention) and higher social cognition, and is impaired in schizophrenia. Seventeen schizophrenia patients and 18 healthy controls participated in the study. Using point-light walker stimuli, we examined eye movements during biological motion perception in schizophrenia. We assessed relationships among eye movements, biological motion perception and empathy. In the biological motion detection task, schizophrenia patients showed lower accuracy and fixated longer than healthy controls. As opposed to controls, patients exhibiting longer fixation durations and fewer numbers of fixations demonstrated higher accuracy. Additionally, in the patient group, the correlations between accuracy and affective empathy index and between eye movement index and affective empathy index were significant. The altered gaze patterns in patients indicate that top-down attention compensates for impaired bottom-up attention. Furthermore, aberrant eye movements might lead to deficits in biological motion perception and finally link to social cognitive impairments. The current findings merit further investigation for understanding the mechanism of social cognitive training and its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Thoma P, Soria Bauser D, Norra C, Brüne M, Juckel G, Suchan B. Do you see what I feel? – Electrophysiological correlates of emotional face and body perception in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125:1152-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Malchow B, Reich-Erkelenz D, Oertel-Knöchel V, Keller K, Hasan A, Schmitt A, Scheewe TW, Cahn W, Kahn RS, Falkai P. The effects of physical exercise in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 263:451-67. [PMID: 23873090 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-013-0423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Affective and non-affective psychoses are severe and frequent psychiatric disorders. Amongst others, they not only have a profound impact on affected individuals through their symptomatology, but also regarding cognition, brain structure and function. Cognitive impairment influences patients' quality of life as well as their ability to work and being employed. While exercise therapy has been implemented in the treatment of psychiatric conditions since the days of Kraepelin and Bleuler, the underlying mechanisms have never been systematically studied. Since the early 1990s, studies emerged examining the effect of physical exercise in animal models, revealing stimulation of neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and neurotransmission. Based on that body of work, clinical studies have been carried out in both healthy humans and in patient populations. These studies differ with regard to homogenous study samples, sample size, type and duration of exercise, outcome variables and measurement techniques. Based on their review, we draw conclusions regarding recommendations for future research strategies showing that modern therapeutic approaches should include physical exercise as part of a multimodal intervention programme to improve psychopathology and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Kim J, Norton D, McBain R, Ongur D, Chen Y. Deficient biological motion perception in schizophrenia: results from a motion noise paradigm. Front Psychol 2013; 4:391. [PMID: 23847566 PMCID: PMC3701139 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia patients exhibit deficient processing of perceptual and cognitive information. However, it is not well-understood how basic perceptual deficits contribute to higher level cognitive problems in this mental disorder. Perception of biological motion, a motion-based cognitive recognition task, relies on both basic visual motion processing and social cognitive processing, thus providing a useful paradigm to evaluate the potentially hierarchical relationship between these two levels of information processing. Methods: In this study, we designed a biological motion paradigm in which basic visual motion signals were manipulated systematically by incorporating different levels of motion noise. We measured the performances of schizophrenia patients (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 22) in this biological motion perception task, as well as in coherent motion detection, theory of mind, and a widely used biological motion recognition task. Results: Schizophrenia patients performed the biological motion perception task with significantly lower accuracy than healthy controls when perceptual signals were moderately degraded by noise. A more substantial degradation of perceptual signals, through using additional noise, impaired biological motion perception in both groups. Performance levels on biological motion recognition, coherent motion detection and theory of mind tasks were also reduced in patients. Conclusion: The results from the motion-noise biological motion paradigm indicate that in the presence of visual motion noise, the processing of biological motion information in schizophrenia is deficient. Combined with the results of poor basic visual motion perception (coherent motion task) and biological motion recognition, the association between basic motion signals and biological motion perception suggests a need to incorporate the improvement of visual motion perception in social cognitive remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jejoong Kim
- Department of Psychology, Duksung Women's University Seoul, South Korea
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Vancampfort D, Probst M, Sweers K, Maurissen K, Knapen J, Willems J, Heip T, De Hert M. Eurofit test battery in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: Reliability and clinical correlates. Eur Psychiatry 2012; 27:416-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Tomasino B, Weiss PH, Fink GR. Imagined tool-use in near and far space modulates the extra-striate body area. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:2467-76. [PMID: 22749971 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Active tool-use can result in the incorporation of the tool into the body schema, e.g., the representation of the arm is enlarged according to tool length. This modification even influences the processing of space: using a long tool leads to a remapping of far space as near space. We here further investigate the interaction of the neural representations of the human body, tool use, and spatial domain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in twelve right-handed healthy individuals while they imagined moving a cylinder towards a target position in far or near space by mentally using either pliers or a joystick. The fMRI data revealed that already the imagined use of preferred tools in near and far space (i.e., pliers in far space, joystick in near space) modulated the neural activity in the extra-striate body area (EBA) located in the occipito-temporal cortex. Moreover, psycho-physical interaction analysis showed that during imagined tool-use the functional connectivity of left EBA to a network representing the near-personal space around the hand was strengthened. This increased functional connectivity is likely to reflect the neural processes underlying the incorporation of the tool into the body schema. Thus, the current data suggest that simulating tool-use modulates the representation of the human body in extra-striate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tomasino
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Germany.
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Effects of sports participation on psychiatric symptoms and brain activations during sports observation in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e96. [PMID: 22832861 PMCID: PMC3316153 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight gain has been identified as being responsible for increased morbidity and mortality rates of schizophrenia patients. For the management of weight gain, exercise is one of the most acknowledged interventions. At the same time, exercise and sports have been recognized for their positive impact on psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia. However, the neurobiological basis for this remains poorly understood. We aimed to examine the effect of sports participation on weight gain, psychiatric symptoms and brain activation during sports observation in schizophrenia patients. Thirteen schizophrenia patients who participated in a 3-month program, including sports participation and 10 control schizophrenia patients were studied. In both groups, body mass index (BMI), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and brain activation during observation of sports-related actions measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging were accessed before and after a 3-month interval. BMI and general psychopathology scale of PANSS were significantly reduced in the program group but not in the control group after a 3-month interval. Compared with baseline, activation of the body-selective extrastriate body area (EBA) in the posterior temporal-occipital cortex during observation of sports-related actions was increased in the program group. In this group, increase in EBA activation was associated with improvement in the general psychopathology scale of PANSS. Sports participation had a positive effect not only on weight gain but also on psychiatric symptoms in schizophrenia. EBA might mediate these beneficial effects of sports participation. Our findings merit further investigation of neurobiological mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of sports for schizophrenia.
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Straube B, Green A, Sass K, Kirner-Veselinovic A, Kircher T. Neural integration of speech and gesture in schizophrenia: evidence for differential processing of metaphoric gestures. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:1696-712. [PMID: 22378493 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestures are an important component of interpersonal communication. Especially, complex multimodal communication is assumed to be disrupted in patients with schizophrenia. In healthy subjects, differential neural integration processes for gestures in the context of concrete [iconic (IC) gestures] and abstract sentence contents [metaphoric (MP) gestures] had been demonstrated. With this study we wanted to investigate neural integration processes for both gesture types in patients with schizophrenia. During functional magnetic resonance imaging-data acquisition, 16 patients with schizophrenia (P) and a healthy control group (C) were shown videos of an actor performing IC and MP gestures and associated sentences. An isolated gesture (G) and isolated sentence condition (S) were included to separate unimodal from bimodal effects at the neural level. During IC conditions (IC > G ∩ IC > S) we found increased activity in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) in both groups. Whereas in the control group the left pMTG and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) were activated for the MP conditions (MP > G ∩ MP > S), no significant activation was found for the identical contrast in patients. The interaction of group (P/C) and gesture condition (MP/IC) revealed activation in the bilateral hippocampus, the left middle/superior temporal and IFG. Activation of the pMTG for the IC condition in both groups indicates intact neural integration of IC gestures in schizophrenia. However, failure to activate the left pMTG and IFG for MP co-verbal gestures suggests a disturbed integration of gestures embedded in an abstract sentence context. This study provides new insight into the neural integration of co-verbal gestures in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Strasse 8, D-35039 Marburg, Germany.
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Soria Bauser D, Thoma P, Aizenberg V, Brüne M, Juckel G, Daum I. Face and body perception in schizophrenia: a configural processing deficit? Psychiatry Res 2012; 195:9-17. [PMID: 21803427 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Face and body perception rely on common processing mechanisms and activate similar but not identical brain networks. Patients with schizophrenia show impaired face perception, and the present study addressed for the first time body perception in this group. Seventeen patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were compared to 17 healthy controls on standardized tests assessing basic face perception skills (identity discrimination, memory for faces, recognition of facial affect). A matching-to-sample task including emotional and neutral faces, bodies and cars either in an upright or in an inverted position was administered to assess potential category-specific performance deficits and impairments of configural processing. Relative to healthy controls, schizophrenia patients showed poorer performance on the tasks assessing face perception skills. In the matching-to-sample task, they also responded more slowly and less accurately than controls, regardless of the stimulus category. Accuracy analysis showed significant inversion effects for faces and bodies across groups, reflecting configural processing mechanisms; however reaction time analysis indicated evidence of reduced inversion effects regardless of category in schizophrenia patients. The magnitude of the inversion effects was not related to clinical symptoms. Overall, the data point towards reduced configural processing, not only for faces but also for bodies and cars in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Soria Bauser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dept. of Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitätsstraße 150, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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Magnetoencephalography study of right parietal lobe dysfunction of the evoked mirror neuron system in antipsychotic-free schizophrenia. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28087. [PMID: 22132217 PMCID: PMC3222679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with schizophrenia commonly exhibit deficits of non-verbal communication in social contexts, which may be related to cognitive dysfunction that impairs recognition of biological motion. Although perception of biological motion is known to be mediated by the mirror neuron system, there have been few empirical studies of this system in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Using magnetoencephalography, we examined whether antipsychotic-free schizophrenia patients displayed mirror neuron system dysfunction during observation of biological motion (jaw movement of another individual). Results Compared with normal controls, the patients with schizophrenia had fewer components of both the waveform and equivalent current dipole, suggesting aberrant brain activity resulting from dysfunction of the right inferior parietal cortex. They also lacked the changes of alpha band and gamma band oscillation seen in normal controls, and had weaker phase-locking factors and gamma-synchronization predominantly in right parietal cortex. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that untreated patients with schizophrenia exhibit aberrant mirror neuron system function based on the right inferior parietal cortex, which is characterized by dysfunction of gamma-synchronization in the right parietal lobe during observation of biological motion.
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Vancampfort D, Probst M, Sweers K, Maurissen K, Knapen J, De Hert M. Reliability, minimal detectable changes, practice effects and correlates of the 6-min walk test in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2011; 187:62-7. [PMID: 21185084 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the reproducibility of the 6-min walk test (6 MWT) in patients with schizophrenia. Secondary aims were to assess minimal detectable changes and practice effects of the 6 MWT and the presence of clinical conditions that might interfere. From 71 patients with schizophrenia two trials of the 6 MWT, administered within 3 days, were analysed. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the two tests was 0.96. The minimal detectable change was 56.2m for men and 50.2m for women. Body mass index, daily antipsychotic dose, negative and depressive symptoms, resting heart rate, age, smoking behavior and different musculoskeletal complaints were all significantly associated with the distance walked. The 6 MWT can be recommended for evaluating the functional exercise capacity in patients with schizophrenia. Some practice effect could however not be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- University Psychiatric Center, Catholic University Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium.
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