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Alvente S, Matteoli G, Miglioranza E, Zoccoli G, Bastianini S. How to study sleep apneas in mouse models of human pathology. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 395:109923. [PMID: 37459897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Sleep apnea, the most widespread sleep-related breathing disorder (SBD), consists of recurrent episodes of breathing cessation during sleep. This condition can be classified as either central (CSA) or obstructive (OSA) sleep apnea, with the latest being the most common and toxic. Due to the complexity of living organisms, animal models and, particularly, mice still represent an essential tool for the study of SBD. In the present review we first discuss the methodological pros and cons in the use of whole-body plethysmography to coupling respiratory and sleep measurements and to characterize CSA and OSA in mice; then, we draw an updated and objective picture of the methods used so far in the study of sleep apnea in mice. Most of the studies present in the literature used intermittent hypoxia to mimic OSA in mice and to investigate consequent pathological correlates. On the contrary, few studies using genetic manipulation or high-fat diets investigated the pathogenesis or potential treatments of sleep apnea. To date, mice lacking orexins, hemeoxygenase-2, monoamine oxidase A, Phox2b or Cdkl5 can be considered validated mouse models of sleep apnea. Moreover, genetically- or diet-induced obese mice, and mice recapitulating Down syndrome were proposed as OSA models. In conclusion, our review shows that despite the growing interest in the field and the need of new therapeutical approaches, technical complexity and inter-study variability strongly limit the availability of validated mouse of sleep apnea, which are essential in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alvente
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Matteoli
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Miglioranza
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zoccoli
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Bastianini
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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2
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Robillard R, Saad M, Ray LB, BuJáki B, Douglass A, Lee EK, Soucy L, Spitale N, De Koninck J, Kendzerska T. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use is associated with worse sleep-related breathing disturbances in individuals with depressive disorders and sleep complaints: a retrospective study. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:505-513. [PMID: 33118928 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The effects of serotonergic agents on respiration neuromodulation may vary according to differences in the serotonin system, such as those linked to depression. This study investigated how sleep-related respiratory disturbances relate to depression and the use of medications commonly prescribed for depression. METHODS Retrospective polysomnography was collated for all 363 individuals who met selection criteria out of 2,528 consecutive individuals referred to a specialized sleep clinic (Ottawa, Canada) between 2006 and 2016. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen saturation nadir, and oxygen desaturation index during REM and NREM sleep were analyzed using mixed analyses of covariance comparing 3 main groups: (1) medicated individuals with depressive disorders (antidepressant group; subdivided into the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor subgroups), (2) non-medicated individuals with depressive disorders (non-medicated group), and (3) mentally healthy control patients (control group). RESULTS Individuals with depressive disorders (on antidepressants or not) had significantly higher AHIs compared to control patients (both P ≤ .007). The antidepressant group had a lower NREM sleep oxygen saturation nadir and a higher NREM sleep oxygen desaturation index than the control and non-medicated groups (all P ≤ .009). Within individuals with depressive disorders, independent of depression severity, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor group had a lower oxygen saturation nadir and a higher oxygen desaturation index during NREM sleep than the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (both P ≤ .045) and non-medicated groups (both P < .001) and a higher NREM sleep AHI than the non-medicated group (P = .014). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be associated with impaired breathing and worse nocturnal oxygen saturation in individuals with depressive disorders and sleep complaints, but this needs to be confirmed by prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rébecca Robillard
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mysa Saad
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Laura B Ray
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Brad BuJáki
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,Sleep Disorders Clinic, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alan Douglass
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,Sleep Disorders Clinic, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elliott K Lee
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,Sleep Disorders Clinic, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Louis Soucy
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Naomi Spitale
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,Sleep Disorders Clinic, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Joseph De Koninck
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tetyana Kendzerska
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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3
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Macchione AF, Trujillo V, Anunziata F, Sahonero M, Anastasia A, Abate P, Molina JC. Early ethanol pre-exposure alters breathing patterns by disruptions in the central respiratory network and serotonergic balance in neonate rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112908. [PMID: 32961215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Early ethanol exposure alters neonatal breathing plasticity. Respiratory EtOH's effects are attributed to central respiratory network disruptions, particularly in the medullary serotonin (5HT) system. In this study we evaluated the effects of neonatal pre-exposure to low/moderate doses upon breathing rates, activation patterns of brainstem's nuclei and expression of 5HT 2A and 2C receptors. At PD9, breathing frequencies, tidal volumes and apneas were examined in pups pre-exposed to vehicle or ethanol (2.0 g/kg) at PDs 3, 5 and 7. This developmental stage is equivalent to the 3rd human gestational trimester, characterized by increased levels of synaptogenesis. Pups were tested under sobriety or under the state of ethanol intoxication and when subjected to normoxia or hypoxia. Number of c-Fos and 5HT immunolabelled cells and relative mRNA expression of 5HT 2A and 2C receptors were quantified in the brainstem. Under normoxia, ethanol pre-exposed pups exhibited breathing depressions and a high number of apneas. An opposite phenomenon was found in ethanol pre-treated pups tested under hypoxia where an exacerbated hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) was observed. The breathing depression was associated with an increase in the neural activation levels of the raphe obscurus (ROb) and a high mRNA expression of the 5HT 2A receptor in the brainstem while desactivation of the ROb and high activation levels in the solitary tract nucleus and area postrema were associated to the exacerbated HVR. In summary, early ethanol experience induces respiratory disruptions indicative of sensitization processes. Neuroadaptive changes in central respiratory areas under consideration appear to be strongly associated with changes in their respiratory plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Macchione
- Instituto De Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET- Universidad Nacional De Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad De Psicología, Universidad Nacional De Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto De Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-Universidad Nacional De Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - V Trujillo
- Instituto De Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET- Universidad Nacional De Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F Anunziata
- Instituto De Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET- Universidad Nacional De Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Sahonero
- Facultad De Psicología, Universidad Nacional De Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Anastasia
- Instituto De Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET- Universidad Nacional De Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad De Psicología, Universidad Nacional De Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P Abate
- Facultad De Psicología, Universidad Nacional De Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto De Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-Universidad Nacional De Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J C Molina
- Instituto De Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET- Universidad Nacional De Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad De Psicología, Universidad Nacional De Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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4
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Erickson JT. Central serotonin and autoresuscitation capability in mammalian neonates. Exp Neurol 2020; 326:113162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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Haney MM, Hamad A, Woldu HG, Ciucci M, Nichols N, Bunyak F, Lever TE. Recurrent laryngeal nerve transection in mice results in translational upper airway dysfunction. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:574-596. [PMID: 31512255 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is responsible for normal vocal-fold (VF) movement, and is at risk for iatrogenic injury during anterior neck surgical procedures in human patients. Injury, resulting in VF paralysis, may contribute to subsequent swallowing, voice, and respiratory dysfunction. Unfortunately, treatment for RLN injury does little to restore physiologic function of the VFs. Thus, we sought to create a mouse model with translational functional outcomes to further investigate RLN regeneration and potential therapeutic interventions. To do so, we performed ventral neck surgery in 21 C57BL/6J male mice, divided into two groups: Unilateral RLN Transection (n = 11) and Sham Injury (n = 10). Mice underwent behavioral assays to determine upper airway function at multiple time points prior to and following surgery. Transoral endoscopy, videofluoroscopy, ultrasonic vocalizations, and whole-body plethysmography were used to assess VF motion, swallow function, vocal function, and respiratory function, respectively. Affected outcome metrics, such as VF motion correlation, intervocalization interval, and peak inspiratory flow were identified to increase the translational potential of this model. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was used to investigate neuronal cell death in the nucleus ambiguus. Results revealed that RLN transection created ipsilateral VF paralysis that did not recover by 13 weeks postsurgery. Furthermore, there was evidence of significant vocal and respiratory dysfunction in the RLN transection group, but not the sham injury group. No significant differences in swallow function or neuronal cell death were found between the two groups. In conclusion, our mouse model of RLN injury provides several novel functional outcome measures to increase the translational potential of findings in preclinical animal studies. We will use this model and behavioral assays to assess various treatment options in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Haney
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Ali Hamad
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Henok G Woldu
- Department of Health Management & Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michelle Ciucci
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nicole Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Filiz Bunyak
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Teresa E Lever
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Baum DM, Morales Rodriguez B, Attali V, Cauhapé M, Arnulf I, Cardot P, Bodineau L, Fiamma MN. New Zealand Obese Mice as a Translational Model of Obesity-related Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:1336-1339. [PMID: 30019912 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201801-0162le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valérie Attali
- 1 Sorbonne Université/Inserm UMR_S1158 Paris, France and.,2 Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Arnulf
- 2 Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix Paris, France
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7
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Dhaibar H, Gautier NM, Chernyshev OY, Dominic P, Glasscock E. Cardiorespiratory profiling reveals primary breathing dysfunction in Kcna1-null mice: Implications for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:502-511. [PMID: 30974168 PMCID: PMC6588471 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of epilepsy-related mortality, but the relative importance of underlying cardiac and respiratory mechanisms remains unclear. To illuminate the interactions between seizures, respiration, cardiac function, and sleep that contribute to SUDEP risk, here we developed a mouse epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) to simultaneously record video, electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), plethysmography, and electrocardiography (ECG) in a commonly used genetic model of SUDEP, the Kcna1 knockout (Kcna1-/-) mouse. During interictal periods, Kcna1-/- mice exhibited an abnormal absence of post-sigh apneas and a 3-fold increase in respiratory variability. During spontaneous convulsive seizures, Kcna1-/- mice displayed an array of aberrant breathing patterns that always preceded cardiac abnormalities. These findings support respiratory dysfunction as a primary risk factor for susceptibility to deleterious cardiorespiratory sequelae in epilepsy and reveal a new role for Kcna1-encoded Kv1.1 channels in the regulation of basal respiratory physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemangini Dhaibar
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
| | - Nicole M Gautier
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
| | - Oleg Y Chernyshev
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
| | - Paari Dominic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
| | - Edward Glasscock
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
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Bastianini S, Alvente S, Berteotti C, Bosi M, Lo Martire V, Silvani A, Valli A, Zoccoli G. Post-sigh sleep apneas in mice: Systematic review and data-driven definition. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12845. [PMID: 30920081 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sleep apneas can be categorized as post-sigh (prevailing in non-rapid eye movement sleep) or spontaneous (prevailing in rapid eye movement sleep) according to whether or not they are preceded by an augmented breath (sigh). Notably, the occurrence of these apnea subtypes changes differently in hypoxic/hypercapnic environments and in some genetic diseases, highlighting the importance of an objective discrimination. We aim to: (a) systematically review the literature comparing the criteria used in categorizing mouse sleep apneas; and (b) provide data-driven criteria for this categorization, with the final goal of reducing experimental variability in future studies. Twenty-two wild-type mice, instrumented with electroencephalographic/electromyographic electrodes, were placed inside a whole-body plethysmographic chamber to quantify sleep apneas and sighs. Wake-sleep states were scored on 4-s epochs based on electroencephalographic/electromyographic signals. Literature revision showed that highly different criteria were used for post-sigh apnea definition, the intervals for apnea occurrence after sigh ranging from 1 breath up to 20 s. In our data, the apnea occurrence rate during non-rapid eye movement sleep was significantly higher than that calculated before the sigh only in the 1st and 2nd 4-s epochs following a sigh. These data suggest that, in mice, apneas should be categorized as post-sigh only if they start within 8 s from a sigh; the choice of shorter or longer time windows might underestimate or slightly overestimate their occurrence rate, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bastianini
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Alvente
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Berteotti
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Bosi
- ASL of Romagna, Department Thoracic Diseases, Pulmonary Operative Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Viviana Lo Martire
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Silvani
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Valli
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zoccoli
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Liu Y, Gao L, Lv W, Lin L, Wang Y, He H, Jiang F, Feng F. Histological, Ultrastructural, and Physiological Evaluation of a Rat Model of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1806-1813. [PMID: 30851162 PMCID: PMC6420795 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aims of this study were to develop a rat model of OSAS and to validate the use of the model by investigating respiratory and cardiovascular physiological parameters and morphological changes by light microscopy and electron microscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to the model group (n=30) and the control group (n=30). The rats in the OSAS model group were injected with 0.1 ml sodium hyaluronate solution into the upper respiratory tract at the junction between the hard and soft palate. After one month, the model and normal rats were compared using tests of respiratory and cardiac function, and histology and electron microscopy of the lung and cardiac tissue. RESULTS In the rat model of OSAS, airway obstruction resulted in the collapse of the upper airway. Tests of respiratory function showed that the oxygen partial pressure, oxygen concentration, and oxygen saturation in the model group were significantly lower when compared with the control group. In the model group, histology of the heart showed cardiac myocyte disarray, and electron microscopy showed vacuolar degeneration and mitochondrial abnormalities. The rat model of upper airway occlusion showed pulmonary and cardiac changes that have been described in OSAS. CONCLUSIONS A rat model of upper airway occlusion resulted in physiological and morphological changes in the lung and heart due to hypoxia, and may be used for future studies on OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lu Gao
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Weinong Lv
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hailin He
- Zhenjiang Dantu District People’s Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fan Jiang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fan Feng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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10
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Neurodevelopmental Effects of Serotonin on the Brainstem Respiratory Network. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1015:193-216. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62817-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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11
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Dalwadi DA, Kim S, Amdani SM, Chen Z, Huang RQ, Schetz JA. Molecular mechanisms of serotonergic action of the HIV-1 antiretroviral efavirenz. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:10-24. [PMID: 27157251 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Efavirenz is highly effective at suppressing HIV-1, and the WHO guidelines list it as a component of the first-line antiretroviral (ARV) therapies for treatment-naïve patients. Though the pharmacological basis is unclear, efavirenz is commonly associated with a risk for neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) when taken at the prescribed dose. In many patients these NPAEs appear to subside after several weeks of treatment, though long-term studies show that in some patients the NPAEs persist. In a recent study focusing on the abuse potential of efavirenz, its receptor psychopharmacology was reported to include interactions with a number of established molecular targets for known drugs of abuse, and it displayed a prevailing behavioral profile in rodents resembling an LSD-like activity. In this report, we discovered interactions with additional serotonergic targets that may be associated with efavirenz-induced NPAEs. The most robust interactions were with 5-HT3A and 5-HT6 receptors, with more modest interactions noted for the 5-HT2B receptor and monoamine oxidase A. From a molecular mechanistic perspective, efavirenz acts as a 5-HT6 receptor inverse agonist of Gs-signaling, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C antagonist of Gq-signaling, and a blocker of the 5-HT3A receptor currents. Efavirenz also completely or partially blocks agonist stimulation of the M1 and M3 muscarinic receptors, respectively. Schild analysis suggests that efavirenz competes for the same site on the 5-HT2A receptor as two known hallucinogenic partial agonists (±)-DOI and LSD. Prolonged exposure to efavirenz reduces 5-HT2A receptor density and responsiveness to 5-HT. Other ARVs such as zidovudine, nevirapine and emtricitabine did not share the same complex pharmacological profile as efavirenz, though some of them weakly interact with the 5-HT6 receptor or modestly block GABAA currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhwanil A Dalwadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Seongcheol Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Shahnawaz M Amdani
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Zhenglan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Ren-Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States; Institute for Healthy Aging, Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - John A Schetz
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States; Institute for Healthy Aging, Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States.
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12
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Herculano AM, Maximino C. Serotonergic modulation of zebrafish behavior: towards a paradox. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 55:50-66. [PMID: 24681196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the fish-specific genome duplication event (~320-350 mya), some genes which code for serotonin proteins were duplicated in teleosts; this duplication event was preceded by a reorganization of the serotonergic system, with the appearance of the raphe nuclei (dependent on the isthmus organizer) and prosencephalic nuclei, including the paraventricular and pretectal complexes. With the appearance of amniotes, duplicated genes were lost, and the serotonergic system was reduced to a more complex raphe system. From a comparative point of view, then, the serotonergic system of zebrafish and that of mammals shows many important differences. However, many different behavioral functions of serotonin, as well as the effects of drugs which affect the serotonergic system, seem to be conserved among species. For example, in both zebrafish and rodents acute serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) seem to increase anxiety-like behavior, while chronic SSRIs decrease it; drugs which act at the 5-HT1A receptor seem to decrease anxiety-like behavior in both zebrafish and rodents. In this article, we will expose this paradox, reviewing the chemical neuroanatomy of the zebrafish serotonergic system, followed by an analysis of the role of serotonin in zebrafish fear/anxiety, stress, aggression and the effects of psychedelic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Manoel Herculano
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; "Frederico Graeff" Neurosciences and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Morphology and Physiological Sciences, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | - Caio Maximino
- "Frederico Graeff" Neurosciences and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Morphology and Physiological Sciences, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Marabá, PA, Brazil; International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium, United States.
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13
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Le Dantec Y, Hache G, Guilloux JP, Guiard BP, David DJ, Adrien J, Escourrou P. NREM sleep hypersomnia and reduced sleep/wake continuity in a neuroendocrine mouse model of anxiety/depression based on chronic corticosterone administration. Neuroscience 2014; 274:357-68. [PMID: 24909899 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sleep/wake disorders are frequently associated with anxiety and depression and to elevated levels of cortisol. Even though these alterations are increasingly sought in animal models, no study has investigated the specific effects of chronic corticosterone (CORT) administration on sleep. We characterized sleep/wake disorders in a neuroendocrine mouse model of anxiety/depression, based on chronic CORT administration in the drinking water (35 μg/ml for 4 weeks, "CORT model"). The CORT model was markedly affected during the dark phase by non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) increase without consistent alteration of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Total sleep duration (SD) and sleep efficiency (SE) increased concomitantly during both the 24h and the dark phase, due to the increase in the number of NREM sleep episodes without a change in their mean duration. Conversely, the total duration of wake decreased due to a decrease in the mean duration of wake episodes despite an increase in their number. These results reflect hypersomnia by intrusion of NREM sleep during the active period as well as a decrease in sleep/wake continuity. In addition, NREM sleep was lighter, with an increased electroencephalogram (EEG) theta activity. With regard to REM sleep, the number and the duration of episodes decreased, specifically during the first part of the light period. REM and NREM sleep changes correlated respectively with the anxiety and the anxiety/depressive-like phenotypes, supporting the notion that studying sleep could be of predictive value for altered emotional behavior. The chronic CORT model in mice that displays hallmark characteristics of anxiety and depression provides an insight into understanding the changes in overall sleep architecture that occur under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Le Dantec
- Univ Paris-Sud, EA3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France.
| | - G Hache
- Univ Paris-Sud, EA3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - J P Guilloux
- Univ Paris-Sud, EA3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - B P Guiard
- Univ Paris-Sud, EA3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - D J David
- Univ Paris-Sud, EA3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - J Adrien
- UMR975, CRicm - INSERM/CNRS/UPMC, Neurotransmetteurs et Sommeil, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - P Escourrou
- Univ Paris-Sud, EA3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Département de Physiologie, Centre de Médecine du Sommeil, 92141 Clamart cedex, France
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14
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Ojeda DA, Niño CL, López-León S, Camargo A, Adan A, Forero DA. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of MAOA gene is associated with daytime sleepiness in healthy subjects. J Neurol Sci 2013; 337:176-9. [PMID: 24360188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is one of the main causes of car and industrial accidents and it is associated with increased morbidity and alterations in quality of life. Prevalence of EDS in the general population around the world ranges from 6.2 to 32.4%, with a heritability of 38-40%. However, few studies have explored the role of candidate genes in EDS. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene has an important role in the regulation of neurotransmitter levels and a large number of human behaviors. We hypothesized that a functional VNTR in the promoter region of the MAOA gene might be associated with daytime sleepiness in healthy individuals. The Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) was applied to 210 Colombian healthy subjects (university students), which were genotyped for MAOA-uVNTR. MAOA-uVNTR showed a significant association with ESS scores (p = 0.01): 3/3 genotype carriers had the lowest scores. These results were supported by differences in MAOA-uVNTR frequencies between diurnal somnolence categories (p = 0.03). Our finding provides evidence for the first time that MAOA-uVNTR has a significant association with EDS in healthy subjects. Finally, these data suggest that functional variations in MAOA gene could have a role in other phenotypes of neuropsychiatric relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Ojeda
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carmen L Niño
- School of Nursing, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales UDCA, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Andrés Camargo
- School of Nursing, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales UDCA, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana Adan
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego A Forero
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia.
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15
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Davis EM, Locke LW, McDowell AL, Strollo PJ, O'Donnell CP. Obesity accentuates circadian variability in breathing during sleep in mice but does not predispose to apnea. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:474-82. [PMID: 23722707 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00330.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a primary risk factor for the development of obstructive sleep apnea in humans, but the impact of obesity on central sleep apnea is less clear. Given the comorbidities associated with obesity in humans, we developed techniques for long-term recording of diaphragmatic EMG activity and polysomnography in obese mice to assess breathing patterns during sleep and to determine the effect of obesity on apnea generation. We hypothesized that genetically obese ob/ob mice would exhibit less variability in breathing across the 24-h circadian cycle, be more prone to central apneas, and be more likely to exhibit patterns of increased diaphragm muscle activity consistent with obstructive apneas compared with lean mice. Unexpectedly, we found that obese mice exhibited a greater circadian impact on respiratory rate and diaphragmatic burst amplitude than lean mice, particularly during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Central apneas were more common in REM sleep (42 ± 17 h(-1)) than non-REM (NREM) sleep (14 ± 5 h(-1)) in obese mice (P < 0.05), but rates were not different between lean and obese mice in either sleep state. Even after experimentally enhancing central apnea generation by acute withdrawal of hypoxic chemoreceptor activation during sleep, central apnea rates remained comparable between lean and obese mice. Last, we were unable to detect patterns of diaphragmatic burst activity suggestive of obstructive apnea events in obese mice. In summary, obesity does not predispose mice to increased occurrence of central or obstructive apneas during sleep, but does lead to a more pronounced circadian variability in respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Davis
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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16
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Davis EM, O'Donnell CP. Rodent models of sleep apnea. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 188:355-61. [PMID: 23722067 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models of sleep apnea have long been used to provide novel insight into the generation and predisposition to apneas as well as to characterize the impact of sleep apnea on cardiovascular, metabolic, and psychological health in humans. Given the significant body of work utilizing rodent models in the field of sleep apnea, the aims of this review are three-fold: first, to review the use of rodents as natural models of sleep apnea; second, to provide an overview of the experimental interventions employed in rodents to simulate sleep apnea; third, to discuss the refinement of rodent models to further our understanding of breathing abnormalities that occur during sleep. Given mounting evidence that sleep apnea impairs cognitive function, reduces quality of life, and exacerbates the course of multiple chronic diseases, rodent models will remain a high priority as a tool to interrogate both the pathophysiology and sequelae of breathing related abnormalities during sleep and to improve approaches to diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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17
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Hernandez AB, Kirkness JP, Smith PL, Schneider H, Polotsky M, Richardson RA, Hernandez WC, Schwartz AR. Novel whole body plethysmography system for the continuous characterization of sleep and breathing in a mouse. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 112:671-80. [PMID: 22134700 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00818.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is associated with marked alterations in ventilatory control that lead to perturbations in respiratory timing, breathing pattern, ventilation, pharyngeal collapsibility, and sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD). Mouse models offer powerful insight into the pathogenesis of SRBD; however, methods for obtaining the full complement of continuous, high-fidelity respiratory, electroencephalographic (EEG), and electromyographic (EMG) signals in unrestrained mice during sleep and wake have not been developed. We adapted whole body plethysmography to record EEG, EMG, and respiratory signals continuously in unrestrained, unanesthetized mice. Whole body plethysmography tidal volume and airflow signals and a novel noninvasive surrogate for respiratory effort (respiratory movement signal) were validated against simultaneously measured gold standard signals. Compared with the gold standard, we validated 1) tidal volume (correlation, R(2) = 0.87, P < 0.001; and agreement within 1%, P < 0.001); 2) inspiratory airflow (correlation, R(2) = 0.92, P < 0.001; agreement within 4%, P < 0.001); 3) expiratory airflow (correlation, R(2) = 0.83, P < 0.001); and 4) respiratory movement signal (correlation, R(2) = 0.79-0.84, P < 0.001). The expiratory airflow signal, however, demonstrated a decrease in amplitude compared with the gold standard. Integrating respiratory and EEG/EMG signals, we fully characterized sleep and breathing patterns in conscious, unrestrained mice and demonstrated inspiratory flow limitation in a New Zealand Obese mouse. Our approach will facilitate studies of SRBD mechanisms in inbred mouse strains and offer a powerful platform to investigate the effects of environmental and pharmacological exposures on breathing disturbances during sleep and wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Hernandez
- Sleep Disorders Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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18
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Fulda S, Romanowski CPN, Becker A, Wetter TC, Kimura M, Fenzel T. Rapid eye movements during sleep in mice: high trait-like stability qualifies rapid eye movement density for characterization of phenotypic variation in sleep patterns of rodents. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:110. [PMID: 22047102 PMCID: PMC3228710 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In humans, rapid eye movements (REM) density during REM sleep plays a prominent role in psychiatric diseases. Especially in depression, an increased REM density is a vulnerability marker for depression. In clinical practice and research measurement of REM density is highly standardized. In basic animal research, almost no tools are available to obtain and systematically evaluate eye movement data, although, this would create increased comparability between human and animal sleep studies. Methods We obtained standardized electroencephalographic (EEG), electromyographic (EMG) and electrooculographic (EOG) signals from freely behaving mice. EOG electrodes were bilaterally and chronically implanted with placement of the electrodes directly between the musculus rectus superior and musculus rectus lateralis. After recovery, EEG, EMG and EOG signals were obtained for four days. Subsequent to the implantation process, we developed and validated an Eye Movement scoring in Mice Algorithm (EMMA) to detect REM as singularities of the EOG signal, based on wavelet methodology. Results The distribution of wakefulness, non-REM (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was typical of nocturnal rodents with small amounts of wakefulness and large amounts of NREM sleep during the light period and reversed proportions during the dark period. REM sleep was distributed correspondingly. REM density was significantly higher during REM sleep than NREM sleep. REM bursts were detected more often at the end of the dark period than the beginning of the light period. During REM sleep REM density showed an ultradian course, and during NREM sleep REM density peaked at the beginning of the dark period. Concerning individual eye movements, REM duration was longer and amplitude was lower during REM sleep than NREM sleep. The majority of single REM and REM bursts were associated with micro-arousals during NREM sleep, but not during REM sleep. Conclusions Sleep-stage specific distributions of REM in mice correspond to human REM density during sleep. REM density, now also assessable in animal models through our approach, is increased in humans after acute stress, during PTSD and in depression. This relationship can now be exploited to match animal models more closely to clinical situations, especially in animal models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Fulda
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
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19
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Menuet C, Kourdougli N, Hilaire G, Voituron N. Differences in serotoninergic metabolism possibly contribute to differences in breathing phenotype of FVB/N and C57BL/6J mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 110:1572-81. [PMID: 21415169 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00117.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse readiness for gene manipulation allowed the production of mutants with breathing defects reminiscent of breathing syndromes. As C57BL/6J and FVB/N inbred strains were often used as background strains for producing mutants, we compared their breathing pattern from birth onwards. At birth, in vivo and in vitro approaches revealed robust respiratory rhythm in FVB/N, but not C57BL/6J, neonates. With aging, rhythm robustness difference persisted, and interstrain differences in tidal volume, minute ventilation, breathing regulations, and blood-gas parameters were observed. As serotonin affected maturation and function of the medullary respiratory network, we examined the serotoninergic metabolism in the medulla of C57BL/6J and FVB/N neonates and aged mice. Interstrain differences in serotoninergic metabolism were observed at both ages. We conclude that differences in serotoninergic metabolism possibly contribute to differences in breathing phenotype of FVB/N and C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Menuet
- Laboratoire Réponses Cellulaires et Fonctionnelles à l'Hypoxie, EA 2363, UFR Santé, Médecine, Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, Bureau 128, 93017 BOBIGNY Cedex, France
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20
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Hilaire G, Voituron N, Menuet C, Ichiyama RM, Subramanian HH, Dutschmann M. The role of serotonin in respiratory function and dysfunction. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2010; 174:76-88. [PMID: 20801236 PMCID: PMC2993113 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a neuromodulator-transmitter influencing global brain function. Past and present findings illustrate a prominent role for 5-HT in the modulation of ponto-medullary autonomic circuits. 5-HT is also involved in the control of neurotrophic processes during pre- and postnatal development of neural circuits. The functional implications of 5-HT are particularly illustrated in the alterations to the serotonergic system, as seen in a wide range of neurological disorders. This article reviews the role of 5-HT in the development and control of respiratory networks in the ponto-medullary brainstem. The review further examines the role of 5-HT in breathing disorders occurring at different stages of life, in particular, the neonatal neurodevelopmental diseases such as Rett, sudden infant death and Prader-Willi syndromes, adult diseases such as sleep apnoea and mental illness linked to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Hilaire
- Mp3-respiration team, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6231, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille II & III, Faculté Saint Jérôme 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Nicolas Voituron
- Mp3-respiration team, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6231, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille II & III, Faculté Saint Jérôme 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Clément Menuet
- Mp3-respiration team, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6231, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille II & III, Faculté Saint Jérôme 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Ronaldo M. Ichiyama
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, Garstang Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT
| | - Hari H. Subramanian
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, Garstang Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT
| | - Mathias Dutschmann
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, Garstang Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT
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21
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Viemari JC, Tryba AK. Bioaminergic neuromodulation of respiratory rhythm in vitro. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 168:69-75. [PMID: 19538922 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioamines, such as norepinephrine and serotonin are key neurotransmitters implicated in multiple physiological and pathological brain mechanisms. Evolutionarily, the bioaminergic neuromodulatory system is widely distributed throughout the brain and is among the earliest neurotransmitters to arise within the hindbrain. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, monoamines play a critical role in the control of respiration. In mammals, both norepinephrine and serotonin are involved in the maturation of the respiratory network, as well as in the neuromodulation of intrinsic and synaptic properties, that not only differentially alters the activity of individual respiratory neurons but also the activity of the network during normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Here, we review the basic noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways and their impact on the activity of the pre-Bötzinger Complex inspiratory neurons and network activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Viemari
- Laboratoire Plasticité et Physio-Pathologie de la Motricité (P3M), UMR 6196-CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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22
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Paterson DS, Hilaire G, Weese-Mayer DE. Medullary serotonin defects and respiratory dysfunction in sudden infant death syndrome. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 168:133-43. [PMID: 19481178 PMCID: PMC2737726 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is defined as the sudden and unexpected death of an infant less than 12 months of age that occurs during sleep and remains unexplained after a complete autopsy, death scene investigation, and review of the clinical history. It is the leading cause of postneonatal mortality in the developed world. The cause of SIDS is unknown, but is postulated to involve impairment of brainstem-mediated homeostatic control. Extensive evidence from animal studies indicates that serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the medulla oblongata play a role in the regulation of multiple aspects of respiratory and autonomic function. A subset of SIDS infants have several abnormalities in medullary markers of 5-HT function and genetic polymorphisms impacting the 5-HT system, informing the hypothesis that SIDS results from a defect in 5-HT brainstem-mediated control of respiratory (and autonomic) regulation. Here we review the evidence from postmortem human studies and animal studies to support this hypothesis and discuss how the pathogenesis of SIDS is likely to originate in utero during fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Paterson
- Department of Pathology, Enders Building Room 1109, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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23
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Real C, Seif I, Adrien J, Escourrou P. Ondansetron and fluoxetine reduce sleep apnea in mice lacking monoamine oxidase A. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 168:230-8. [PMID: 19615472 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Prospective clinical trials addressing the role of serotonin (5-HT) in sleep apnea have indicated that the 5-HT uptake inhibitor fluoxetine is beneficial to some patients with obstructive apnea, whereas the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist ondansetron seems of little value despite its efficacy in rat and dog models of sleep apnea (central and obstructive). Here, we examined the effect of these drugs in transgenic mice lacking monoamine oxidase A (Tg8), which exhibit approximately 3-fold higher rates of central sleep apnea than their wild-type counterparts (C3H), linked to their enhanced 5-HT levels. Acute ondansetron (2 mg kg(-1), intraperitoneal), acute fluoxetine (16 mg kg(-1)) and 13-day chronic fluoxetine (1 or 16 mg kg(-1)) decreased by approximately 80% the total (spontaneous and post-sigh) apnea index in Tg8 mice during non-rapid eye movement sleep, with no statistically significant effect on apnea in C3H mice. Our study shows that both drugs reduce the frequency of apneic episodes attributable to increased monoamine levels in this model of MAOA deficiency, and suggests that both may be effective in some patients with central sleep apneas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Real
- Univ Paris-Sud, EA 3544, Sérotonine et Neuropharmacologie, Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France.
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24
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Bras H, Gaytán SP, Portalier P, Zanella S, Pásaro R, Coulon P, Hilaire G. Prenatal activation of 5-HT2A receptor induces expression of 5-HT1B receptor in phrenic motoneurons and alters the organization of their premotor network in newborn mice. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 28:1097-107. [PMID: 18783379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In newborn mice of the control [C3H/HeJ (C3H)] and monoamine oxidase A-deficient (Tg8) strains, in which levels of endogenous serotonin (5-HT) were drastically increased, we investigated how 5-HT system dysregulation affected the maturation of phrenic motoneurons (PhMns), which innervate the diaphragm. First, using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we observed a 5-HT(2A) receptor (5-HT(2A)-R) expression in PhMns of both C3H and Tg8 neonates at the somatic and dendritic levels, whereas 5-HT(1B) receptor (5-HT(1B)-R) expression was observed only in Tg8 PhMns at the somatic level. We investigated the interactions between 5-HT(2A)-R and 5-HT(1B)-R during maturation by treating pregnant C3H mice with a 5-HT(2A)-R agonist (2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride). This pharmacological overactivation of 5-HT(2A)-R induced a somatic expression of 5-HT(1B)-R in PhMns of their progeny. Conversely, treatment of pregnant Tg8 mice with a 5-HT(2A)-R antagonist (ketanserin) decreased the 5-HT(1B)-R density in PhMns of their progeny. Second, using retrograde transneuronal tracing with rabies virus injected into the diaphragm of Tg8 and C3H neonates, we studied the organization of the premotor network driving PhMns. The interneuronal network monosynaptically connected to PhMns was much more extensive in Tg8 than in C3H neonates. However, treatment of pregnant C3H mice with 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride switched the premotoneuronal network of their progeny from a C3H- to a Tg8-like pattern. These results show that a prenatal 5-HT excess affects, via the overactivation of 5-HT(2A)-R, the expression of 5-HT(1B)-R in PhMns and the organization of their premotor network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bras
- Laboratoire Plasticité et Physio-Pathologie de la Motricité, UMR 6196 CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
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