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Golombek DA, Eyre H, Spiousas I, Casiraghi LP, Hartikainen KM, Partonen T, Pyykkö M, Reynolds CF, Hynes WM, Bassetti CLA, Berk M, Hu K, Ibañez A. Sleep Capital: Linking Brain Health to Wellbeing and Economic Productivity Across the Lifespan. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024:S1064-7481(24)00405-6. [PMID: 39117505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND FRAMEWORK Sleep capital contributes to individual and societal wellbeing, productivity, and economic outcomes and involves a novel aspect of brain capital. It encompasses the quality and quantity of sleep as integral components that influence cognitive abilities, mental and brain health, and physical health, affecting workplace productivity, learning, decision-making, and overall economic performance. Here, we bring a framework to understand the complex relationship between sleep quality, health, wellbeing, and economic productivity. Then we outline the multilevel impact of sleep on cognitive abilities, mental/brain health, and economic indicators, providing evidence for the substantial returns on investment in sleep health initiatives. Moreover, sleep capital is a key factor when considering brain health across the lifespan, especially for the aging population. DISCUSSION We propose specific elements and main variables to develop specific indexes of sleep capital to address its impacts on health, wellbeing and productivity. CONCLUSION Finally, we suggest policy recommendations, workplace interventions, and individual strategies to promote sleep health and brain capital. Investing in sleep capital is essential for fostering a healthier, happier, fairer and more productive society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Golombek
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo (LITERA) (DAG, IS, LPC), Universidad de San Andrés/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Harris Eyre
- Baker Institute for Public Policy (HE), Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Global Brain Health Institute (HE), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (HE), (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (HE), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (HE), Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (HE), The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT) (HE), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association (HE), Barcelona, Spain; Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute (HE), Dallas, TX, USA; Frontier Technology Lab, School of Engineering (HE), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ignacio Spiousas
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo (LITERA) (DAG, IS, LPC), Universidad de San Andrés/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro P Casiraghi
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo (LITERA) (DAG, IS, LPC), Universidad de San Andrés/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kaisa M Hartikainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (KMH), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Behavioral Neurology Research Group (KMH), Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland; National Brain Health Programme (KMH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (TP), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry (TP), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Pyykkö
- Finnish Brain Association and Finnish Centre for Health Promotion (MP), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charles F Reynolds
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (CFR), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William M Hynes
- Institute for Global Prosperity (MH), University College London, London, UK; Santa Fe Institute (MH), Santa Fe, NM, USA; World Bank (MH), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Claudio L A Bassetti
- Neurology Department, Inselspital (CLAB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Brain Health Plan (CLAB), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berk
- School of Medicine (MB), Deakin University and Barwon Health. Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Victoria, Australia
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep Medicine (KH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Medical Biodynamics Center (KH), Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Agustín Ibañez
- Latin American Brain Health institute (Brainlat) (CSCN) (AI), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile; ChileGlobal Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN) (AI), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile; Universidad de San Andrés (AI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Labarca G, Henriquez-Beltrán M, Sanhueza R, Burgos M, Nova-Lamperti E, Fernandez-Bussy I, Castillo PR. Impact on health outcomes associated with changing the clock 1 hour during fall and spring transitions in the Southern Hemisphere. J Clin Sleep Med 2024; 20:887-893. [PMID: 38300821 PMCID: PMC11145061 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.11032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Changing the clocks seasonally is potentially harmful because it interferes with normal daytime activities. Studies aimed at quantifying this association are scant. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of 1 year's worth of changing the clocks (fall and spring transitions) on healthy young men located in the Southern Hemisphere in South America. METHODS We performed an observational prospective study. Thirty healthy male university students were evaluated from 2 weeks before to 2 weeks after both the fall and spring transitions. We administered an overall sleep questionnaire, assessed quality of life, recorded 7-day wrist actigraphy, and had participants perform a psychomotor vigilance task. We defined the 1-hour clock change as the primary exposure and the change in psychomotor vigilance task lapses of 500 milliseconds or more in response time as our primary outcome. Changes were evaluated by the Wilcoxon rank test (significance: P < .05). RESULTS After the fall transition, we found a significant worsening in psychomotor vigilance task performance (median [interquartile range], 9.9 [6.0-14.3] lapses of ≥ 500 milliseconds in response time at baseline vs 16.8 [8.2-28.0] after transition; P < .002). Additionally, we found a median loss of about 1 hour of total sleep time and time in bed after the fall transition. Furthermore, participants presented with insomnia. Performance on the psychomotor vigilance task was also affected after the spring transition (16.7 [10-23] vs 23 [12.2-32.2]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS A decrease in performance in neurocognitive tests was found after both time transitions. The transition led to insomnia and a significant worsening of sleep variables. CITATION Labarca G, Henriquez-Beltrán M, Sanhueza R, et al. Impact on health outcomes associated with changing the clock 1 hour during fall and spring transitions in the Southern Hemisphere. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(6):887-893.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Labarca
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mario Henriquez-Beltrán
- Núcleo de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Rocio Sanhueza
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Angeles, Chile
| | - Matias Burgos
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Angeles, Chile
| | - Estefania Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Gao C, Lage C, Scullin MK. Medical malpractice litigation and daylight saving time. J Clin Sleep Med 2024; 20:933-940. [PMID: 38445709 PMCID: PMC11145060 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.11038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Daylight saving time (DST) constitutes a natural quasi-experiment to examine the influence of mild sleep loss and circadian misalignment. We investigated the acute effects of spring transition into DST and the chronic effects of DST (compared to standard time) on medical malpractice claims in the United States over 3 decades. METHODS We analyzed 288,432 malpractice claims from the National Practitioner Data Bank. To investigate the acute effects of spring DST transition, we compared medical malpractice incidents/decisions 1 week before spring DST transition, 1 week following spring DST transition, and the rest of the year. To investigate the chronic effects of DST months, we compared medical malpractice incidents/decisions averaged across the 7-8 months of DST vs the 4-5 months of standard time. RESULTS With regard to acute effects, spring DST transitions were significantly associated with higher payment decisions but not associated with the severity of medical incidents. With regard to chronic effects, the 7-8 DST months were associated with higher average payments and worse severity of incidents than the 4-5 standard time months. CONCLUSIONS The mild sleep loss and circadian misalignment associated with DST may influence the incidence of medical errors and decisions on medical malpractice payments both acutely and chronically. CITATION Gao C, Lage C, Scullin MK. Medical malpractice litigation and daylight saving time. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(6):933-940.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Gao
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Candice Lage
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Michael K. Scullin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
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Klerman EB, Weaver MD, Roenneberg T, Malow BA, Johnson KG. Daylight saving time and mortality-proceed with caution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1576. [PMID: 38383510 PMCID: PMC10881510 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Klerman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Weaver
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Institute for Occupational-, Social-, and Environmental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chronsulting, Priel, Germany
| | - Beth A Malow
- Sleep Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Karin G Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Baystate Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA.
- Department of Healthcare Delivery and Population Science, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA.
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Rishi MA, Cheng JY, Strang AR, Sexton-Radek K, Ganguly G, Licis A, Flynn-Evans EE, Berneking MW, Bhui R, Creamer J, Kundel V, Namen AM, Spector AR, Olaoye O, Hashmi SD, Abbasi-Feinberg F, Abreu AR, Gurubhagavatula I, Kapur VK, Kuhlmann D, Martin J, Olson E, Patil S, Rowley J, Shelgikar A, Trotti LM, Wickwire EM, Sullivan SS. Permanent standard time is the optimal choice for health and safety: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement. J Clin Sleep Med 2024; 20:121-125. [PMID: 37904574 PMCID: PMC10758561 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The period of the year from spring to fall, when clocks in most parts of the United States are set one hour ahead of standard time, is called daylight saving time, and its beginning and ending dates and times are set by federal law. The human biological clock is regulated by the timing of light and darkness, which then dictates sleep and wake rhythms. In daily life, the timing of exposure to light is generally linked to the social clock. When the solar clock is misaligned with the social clock, desynchronization occurs between the internal circadian rhythm and the social clock. The yearly change between standard time and daylight saving time introduces this misalignment, which has been associated with risks to physical and mental health and safety, as well as risks to public health. In 2020, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) published a position statement advocating for the elimination of seasonal time changes, suggesting that evidence best supports the adoption of year-round standard time. This updated statement cites new evidence and support for permanent standard time. It is the position of the AASM that the United States should eliminate seasonal time changes in favor of permanent standard time, which aligns best with human circadian biology. Evidence supports the distinct benefits of standard time for health and safety, while also underscoring the potential harms that result from seasonal time changes to and from daylight saving time. CITATION Rishi MA, Cheng JY, Strang AR, et al. Permanent standard time is the optimal choice for health and safety: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(1):121-125.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abigail R. Strang
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Wilmington, Delaware
| | | | - Gautam Ganguly
- Neurology Consultants Medical Group, Whittier, California
| | - Amy Licis
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Erin E. Flynn-Evans
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research
| | | | - Raj Bhui
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Creamer
- Sleep Disorders Center at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vaishnavi Kundel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Andrew R. Spector
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre Rocha Abreu
- Miller School of Medicine/Universisty of Miami UHealth Sleep Program, Miami, Florida
| | - Indira Gurubhagavatula
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vishesh K. Kapur
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David Kuhlmann
- Sleep Medicine, Bothwell Regional Health Center, Sedalia, Missouri
| | - Jennifer Martin
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, California
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric Olson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Susheel Patil
- Sleep Medicine Program, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James Rowley
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anita Shelgikar
- University of Michigan Sleep Disorders Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lynn Marie Trotti
- Emory Sleep Center and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emerson M. Wickwire
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shannon S. Sullivan
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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Antle MC. The controversy over daylight saving time: evidence for and against. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2023; 29:574-579. [PMID: 37578383 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Biannual clock changes to and from daylight saving time have been pervasive in many societies for over 50 years. Governments are considering abandoning this practice and choosing a single permanent time. RECENT FINDINGS Our endogenous circadian clock follows our photoperiod, which changes over the year. The acute disruption caused by changing our clocks can affect safety (motor vehicle and on the job accidents), health (cardiovascular disease, drug overdoses, suicide), and human behavior (sport performance, generosity, and procrastination). Although abandoning the clock change could help avoid these acute harms, choosing the wrong permanent time could lead to chronic circadian misalignment, which could have even more profound implications for health, safety, and human behavior. SUMMARY Ceasing the biannual clock change may be a good choice, but governments need to be mindful of which permanent time to adopt. Many regions of the world already follow the wrong time during standard time, and circadian misalignment would be amplified by moving to permanent daylight saving time. In many regions, Standard Time better aligns with our circadian clock, thus providing a more natural light cycle that minimizes circadian misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Antle
- Department of Psychology
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Reis DJ, Yen P, Tizenberg B, Gottipati A, Postolache SY, De Riggs D, Nance M, Dagdag A, Plater L, Federline A, Grassmeyer R, Dagdag A, Akram F, Ozorio Dutra SV, Gragnoli C, RachBeisel JA, Volkov J, Bahraini NH, Stiller JW, Brenner LA, Postolache TT. Longitude-based time zone partitions and rates of suicide. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:933-942. [PMID: 37481129 PMCID: PMC10870927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that conditions with decreased morning and increased evening light exposure, including shift work, daylight-saving time, and eveningness, are associated with elevated mortality and suicide risk. Given that the alignment between the astronomical, biological, and social time varies across a time zone, with later-shifted daylight exposure in the western partition, we hypothesized that western time zone partitions would have higher suicide rates than eastern partitions. METHODS United States (U.S.) county-level suicide and demographic data, from 2010 to 2018, were obtained from a Centers for Disease Control database. Using longitude and latitude, counties were sorted into the western, middle, or eastern partition of their respective time zones, as well as the northern and southern halves of the U.S. Linear regressions were used to estimate the associations between suicide rates and time zone partitions, adjusting for gender, race, ethnicity, age group, and unemployment rates. RESULTS Data were available for 2872 counties. Across the U.S., western partitions had statistically significantly higher rates of suicide compared to eastern partitions and averaged up to two additional yearly deaths per 100,000 people (p < .001). LIMITATIONS Ecological design and limited adjustment for socioeconomic factors. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study of the relationship between longitude-based time zone partitions and suicide. The results were consistent with the hypothesized elevated suicide rates in the western partitions, and concordant with previous reports on cancer mortality and transportation fatalities. The next step is to retest the hypothesis with individual-level data, accounting for latitude, photoperiodic changes, daylight-saving time, geoclimatic variables, physical and mental health indicators, as well as socioeconomic adversity and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Reis
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center for Veteran Suicide Prevention, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Poyu Yen
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Boris Tizenberg
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Gottipati
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sonia Y Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Demitria De Riggs
- VISN 5 Capitol Health Care Network Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Morgan Nance
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center for Veteran Suicide Prevention, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexandra Dagdag
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lynn Plater
- VISN 5 Capitol Health Care Network Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Federline
- VISN 5 Capitol Health Care Network Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Riley Grassmeyer
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center for Veteran Suicide Prevention, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aline Dagdag
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Faisal Akram
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Psychiatry Residency Training, Saint Elizabeth's Hospital, Department of Behavioral Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jill A RachBeisel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janna Volkov
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Psychiatry Residency Training, Saint Elizabeth's Hospital, Department of Behavioral Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nazanin H Bahraini
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center for Veteran Suicide Prevention, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John W Stiller
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Saint Elizabeth's Hospital, Neurology Consultation Service, Washington, DC, USA; Maryland State Athletic Commission, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center for Veteran Suicide Prevention, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, USA
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center for Veteran Suicide Prevention, Aurora, CO, USA; Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; VISN 5 Capitol Health Care Network Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, USA
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Lim DC, Najafi A, Afifi L, Bassetti CLA, Buysse DJ, Han F, Högl B, Melaku YA, Morin CM, Pack AI, Poyares D, Somers VK, Eastwood PR, Zee PC, Jackson CL. The need to promote sleep health in public health agendas across the globe. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e820-e826. [PMID: 37777291 PMCID: PMC10664020 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Healthy sleep is essential for physical and mental health, and social wellbeing; however, across the globe, and particularly in developing countries, national public health agendas rarely consider sleep health. Sleep should be promoted as an essential pillar of health, equivalent to nutrition and physical activity. To improve sleep health across the globe, a focus on education and awareness, research, and targeted public health policies are needed. We recommend developing sleep health educational programmes and awareness campaigns; increasing, standardising, and centralising data on sleep quantity and quality in every country across the globe; and developing and implementing sleep health policies across sectors of society. Efforts are needed to ensure equity and inclusivity for all people, particularly those who are most socially and economically vulnerable, and historically excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Lim
- Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Arezu Najafi
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Sleep Breathing Disorders Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lamia Afifi
- Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, School of Medicine, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Daniel J Buysse
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Science, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yohannes Adama Melaku
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute: Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Charles M Morin
- Department of Psychology, and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Allan I Pack
- Sleep Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dalva Poyares
- Psychobiology Department, Sleep Medicine Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Virend K Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Krishnan V, Johnson KG. Debunking myths about daylight saving time: ten things everyone should know about the benefits of permanent standard time. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:1573-1576. [PMID: 37218211 PMCID: PMC10476036 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Krishnan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Campus, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Karin G. Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Baystate Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, Massachusetts
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Consens FB. Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2023; 29:1149-1166. [PMID: 37590827 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article provides an overview of advances in the understanding of circadian rhythms and the health implications of circadian disruption. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Circadian medicine is a relatively new concept, with widespread overlap with many other areas of medicine. Circadian clocks rely on feedback loops that control the expression of many genes. Functional circadian oscillators exist at multiple physiologic levels and facilitate a multimodal clock mechanism. The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the central circadian pacemaker. Peripheral tissues can be entrained by other stimuli (such as food intake) and can uncouple from the suprachiasmatic nucleus pacemaker; this discovery may provide new therapeutic options for circadian rhythm disorders. Numerous modern developments have altered our circadian clocks and these changes are associated with poor health outcomes. ESSENTIAL POINTS Circadian clocks are ubiquitous throughout our body and regulate multiple body functions. Several studies have highlighted that circadian disruption can result in significant negative mental and physical health consequences. A deeper understanding of the effects of misalignment between our circadian clocks and the external environment may ultimately have therapeutic implications for our health.
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Johnson KG, Malow BA. Implications of Sleep Health Policy: Daylight Saving and School Start Times. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2023; 29:1253-1266. [PMID: 37590832 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Two proposed public policies, ending seasonal clock change with a transition to permanent Standard Time and moving middle school and high school start times later, are population-based initiatives to improve sleep health. Daylight Saving Time and early school start times are associated with reduced sleep duration and increased circadian misalignment, the effects of which impact not only long-term health outcomes including obesity, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease, and cancer, but also mental health, academics, workforce productivity, and safety outcomes. This article highlights studies that led to the endorsement of these public policies by multiple scientific and medical organizations. Neurologists should advocate at the state and federal levels and educate the population about the importance of sleep health.
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Malow BA. Author's response to "It is Time to Understand Daylight Saving Time". Sleep 2023; 46:6972902. [PMID: 36617183 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Malow
- Sleep Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
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Owen Z, Saeb S, Short S, Ong N, Angi G, Ghoreyshi A, Sullivan SS. Lingering impacts on sleep following the Daylight Savings Time transition in the Project Baseline Health Study. SLEEP SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41606-022-00082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The “spring forward” change to Daylight Savings Time (DST) has been epidemiologically linked with numerous health and safety risks in the days following the transition, but direct measures of sleep are infrequently collected in free-living individuals.
Methods
The Project Baseline Health Study (PBHS), a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal representative U.S. cohort study that began in 2017 launched a Sleep Mission in March 2021 to characterize sleep using patient-reported and wearable device measures, in free-living circumstances during the DST switch. Estimated sleep period duration, subjective restedness, and sleep quality were compared before and after the DST transition during specified timeframes.
Results
Of the total PBHS population of 2502 participants, 912 participants received an invitation and 607 responded by March 6th. Among those, 420 participants opted into the Sleep Mission (69.2%). The transition to DST resulted in both acute and lingering impacts on sleep. Acute effects included a 29.6 min reduction in sleep period (p = 0.03), increases in the proportion of patients who reported ‘sleeping poorly’ (from 1.7 to 13.6% [p < 0.01]), and with scores falling into the ‘unrested’ category (from 1.7 to 8.5% [p = 0.046]). There was also a downward trend in the proportion of participants reporting being rested in the morning following the DST transition (from 62.7% on March 7 to 49.2% on March 14 [p = 0.10]). Lingering effects included a 18.7% relative decrease in the daily likelihood of participants reporting restedness (from 49.2% in the week prior to the DST transition to 40.0% in the week after [p < 0.01]).
Conclusion
The DST transition is associated with an acute reduction in sleep period, as well as an increased proportion of individuals reporting poor sleep and unrestedness. The DST transition also resulted in lingering impacts on self-reported restedness, lasting into the week following the transition. This work adds to a growing understanding of the persistence of impacts on sleep health metrics due to the DST transition.
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